The epidemiology of HIV infection and AIDS in Africa.

ABSTRACT

PIP: HIV infection is the leading cause of adult mortality in many African cities and has increased the level of child mortality. The author reviews critical aspects of the dynamics of the epidemic, including routes of transmission, factors influencing the rate of transmission, and strategies to combat the disaster. The impoverishment of the population, women's economic dependence, deteriorating educational systems, and overloading of health services have contributed dramatically to the spread of HIV. Moreover, the political and social trauma endured by certain African populations may contribute to the HIV/AIDS epidemic. Prevention will continue to be extremely important and should be reinforced by promotion of the use of condoms, STD control programs, prophylaxis of mother-to-child transmission, and vaccine development. Efforts also need to be taken to improve the quality of life of HIV-infected individuals in Africa. The management of HIV-induced disease should be an HIV/AIDS research priority on the continent. Much depends upon the commitment of African political decision makers, the public sector, international agencies, pharmaceutical companies, and local communities.