Characterization of a positive regulatory element in the mts1 gene.

ABSTRACT

The first intron of the mts1 gene, a gene that is selectively expressed in metastatic cells and in normal cells that are motile, was found to be highly homologous to the CD3 delta enhancer element. Because of the homology between the CD3 delta enhancer and the first intron of mts1, we analysed the first intron of the mts1 gene to determine whether it functions as a transcriptional regulatory element. Highly metastatic CSML-100 cells transfected with chloramphenicol acetyl transferase-containing plasmids demonstrated the ability of the mts1 first intron to function as a positive regulatory element. In vitro footprinting analysis using extracts from CSML-0 cells (which express mts1 at low levels) or CSML-100 cells (which express mts1 at high levels) identified a protected 16-nucleotide element in the first intron of mts1, regardless of the extract used. However, in vivo footprinting analysis of the same region identified the protected 16-nucleotide fragment only in the mts1 intron from CSML-100 cells, not from CSML-0 cells. Differences in the methylation pattern of the mts1 gene in CSML-100 cells and CSML-0 cells are known to exist, and may in part be responsible for the mts1 footprinting differences observed in vivo from the different cell lines.