Reward dependence is positively related to urinary monoamines in normal men.

According to Cloninger, three major personality dimensions, novelty seeking, harm avoidance, and reward dependence, are dependent on central monoaminergic systems. This study examined the relationship between the urinary levels of different monoamines and the above personality dimensions. Fifty normal men answered the Tridimensional Personality Questionnaire (TPQ); their levels of dopamine, norepinephrine, epinephrine, normetanephrine, metanephrine, 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylglycol, vanilmandelic acid, homovanilic acid, and serotonin metabolite 5-hydroxyindolacetic acid were measured in urine on two consecutive nights. Significant and positive correlations were found between reward dependence, 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylglycol, and epinephrine (r = .50 and r = .51, respectively). Monoamine levels explained 44% of the variance of reward dependence. Cluster analysis identified three groups of subjects presenting specific patterns of monoamine excretion. The TPQ scores could discriminate among subjects belonging to these clusters. These results point out a narrow relationship between urinary monoamine excretion and the basic personality dimension of reward dependence.