Tratamento de tromboembolismo e preparo para implantação de prótese osteointegrada com oxigenioterapia hiperbárica em uma gata / Treatment of tromboembolism and preparation for an osseointegrated prothesis fixation with hyperbaric oxygen therapy in a kitten

Background: Ischemic neuromyopathy is the most common reason for amputation in cats. In veterinary medicine, the use of prosthetic limbs is not widespread; therefore, in most cases total limb amputation is indicated. However, hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) is an alternative with several benefits for the treatment of vascular disorders with reperfusion, ischemia, and infection. Therefore, this study aimed to report the positive effects of HBOT on the treatment of ischemic neuromyopathy secondary to arterial thromboembolism on the patient's clinical improvement, and on the preparation of the patient for insertion of an osseointegrated prosthesis. Case: A 6-month-old mixed-breed kitten returned for treatment after undergoing surgery seven days earlier for reduction of traumatic diaphragmatic hernia, during which it suffered a cardiorespiratory arrest. The patient presented with acute pelvic limb paralysis with 24-h evolution, absent femoral pulse, plantar cushions and dorsal part of the limbs cold and pale. After supportive therapy and diagnosis of aortic thromboembolism by arterial Doppler, the patient started adjunctive treatment with HBOT from the first day of hospitalization. Sessions took place in an exclusive hyperbaric chamber for animals and lasted 60 min at a pressure of 2.5 absolute atmospheres and 100% oxygen, initially every 12 h. However, during the first 5 days of hospitalization, the distal region of both pelvic limbs began to show tissue devitalization and edema, and hematologic parameters showed changes on the 7th day. The right pelvic limb (RPL) showed more involvement of superficial tissues, extending to the tarsometatarsal joint region. After 8 days of hospitalization, the devitalized tissue was debrided. The RPL had an extensive devitalized area with exposed bone in the phalanges and necrosis in the pads. The left pelvic limb (LPL) suffered minor complications, with involvement of the phalangeal region. After 12 days, with HBOT every 48 h, exuberant granulation tissue was observed. After 17 days, the patient was discharged, and HBOT sessions were performed weekly. Gangrene of the midfoot and lack of proprioception were observed in RPL, while LPL showed bone divulsion of the 1st, 3rd, and 4th phalanges. Because of the poor prognosis for limb viability, the RPL was partially amputated, and a self-threaded intraosseous prosthesis was inserted. Discussion: The cardiorespiratory arrest that occurred during the surgical procedure to reduce the diaphragmatic hernia without thromboprophylaxis may have contributed to the peripheral ischemia. HBOT was proposed for the adjuvant treatment of ischemic injury because it is especially indicated for cases of ischemia-reperfusion injury. The main hematological parameters were evaluated at an average interval of 7 days. While the platelet count and hematocrit increased, the leukocytosis decreased. This demonstrates the benefit of oxygen therapy in the reported patient. The use of HBOT in orthopedic injuries is known to result mainly in stimulation of osteoblasts, promoting osseointegration of the prosthesis. We conclude that the adjuvant treatment with HBOT helped to preserve a large segment of both pelvic limbs, prevent the progression of necrosis, and provide a healthy bed for fixation of an osseointegrated prosthesis in the RPL, resulting in clinical improvement of the patient.

Mineral contents in bone and liver of sheep with or without periodontitis / Conteúdo de minerais em ossos e no fígado de ovinos com ou sem periodontite

Due to the supposed involvement of minerals in cases of ruminant periodontitis, this study aimed to analyze the concentrations of phosphorus (P) in bone, and cobalt (Co), copper (Co), iron (Fe), zinc (Zn) and selenium (Se) in liver of a cohort of sheep affected or not by periodontitis. From an outbreak of the disease in 2011 in Pará state, Brazil, rib and liver samples were obtained from 22 sheep with periodontitis and seven samples from healthy animals. Based on the concentrations of the different minerals in the tissues, we concluded that there was no relationship between periodontal disease in sheep with any mineral deficiency status. In contrast, most of the minerals in the tissues were above or within the recommended concentrations in bone and liver. Within the various aspects which until now have been studied regarding periodontitis in ruminants, the results obtained here corroborate the fact that periodontal disease in sheep is an infectious disease and it is not a consequence of the deficiency or excess of mineral elements in the diet.

Devido ao suposto envolvimento de minerais em casos de periodontite em ruminantes, este trabalho teve como objetivo analisar as concentrações de fósforo (P) nos ossos, além de cobalto (Co), cobre (Co), ferro (Fe), zinco (Zn) e selênio (Se), no fígado de ovelhas afetadas ou não por periodontite. De um surto da doença em 2011, no estado do Pará, Brasil, foram obtidas amostras de costelas e fígado de 22 ovelhas com periodontite e sete amostras de animais saudáveis. Com base nas concentrações dos diferentes minerais nos tecidos, conclui-se que não houve relação entre a doença periodontal em ovinos com qualquer estado de deficiência mineral. A maioria dos minerais estava acima ou dentro das concentrações recomendadas, seja no tecido ósseo, seja no hepático. Entre os diversos aspectos até agora estudados sobre a periodontite em ruminantes, os resultados obtidos corroboram o fato de a doença periodontal em ovinos ser uma doença infecciosa e não decorrente da deficiência ou do excesso de elementos minerais na dieta.

Occurrence of hyperostosis in leatherjacket, Oligoplites saurus (Bloch and Schneider, 1801) from Brazilian coastal waters / Ocorrência de hiperostose na guaivira, Oligoplites saurus (Bloch and Schneider, 1801) de águas costeiras brasileiras

Hyperostotic bones occur in several families of marine teleosts, however there are few reports on its development in fish from Brazilian waters. The present study identified the occurrence of hyperostosis in specimens of Leatherjacket fish Oligoplites saurus, an important commercial species, using radiographic images. Biometric measurements of four specimens were performed and the affected bones were detected in different levels and regions of the skeleton: Supraoccipital, Pterygiophores, Cleithrum, Hemal Spines and Neural Spines. Bones with hyperostosis represented up to 7% of the weight of the eviscerated fish. The pattern found was consistent with previous reports in the literature for other species of the genus Oligoplites, this being the first report of hyperostosis for O. saurus.

Ossos hiperostóticos ocorrem em diversas famílias de teleósteos marinhos, entretanto poucos relatos sobre seu desenvolvimento são descritos para peixes de águas brasileiras. O presente estudo identificou a ocorrência de hiperostose em espécimes de guaivira Oligoplites saurus, uma importante espécie comercial, por análises de imagens radiográficas. Foram realizadas medidas biométricas de quatro espécimes, e os ossos afetados foram detectados, em diferentes graus e regiões do esqueleto: supraoccipital, pterigióforos, cleitro, espinho hemal e espinho neural. Ossos com hiperostose chegaram a representar até 7% do peso do peixe eviscerado. O padrão encontrado foi consistente com os relatos prévios na literatura para outras espécies do gênero Oligoplites, sendo este o primeiro relato de hiperostose para O. saurus.

Influence of age and sex on bone development and athletic career longevity of Thoroughbred racehorses in Brazil - preliminary study / Influência do gênero e da idade no estágio de desenvolvimento ósseo e longevidade atlética de equinos da Raça Puro Sangue Inglês de corridas no Brasil - estudo preliminar

The impact of high-speed exercise on the musculoskeletal system of young racehorses has been extensively discussed because of concerns regarding animal health and welfare. This study investigated the correlation between age, degree of ossification of the distal radial epiphysis, sex, and career longevity of Thoroughbred racehorses in Brazil from 2012 to 2015. We performed a retrospective evaluation of 286 dorsopalmar radiographs of the left radiocarpal region of young horses and their racing performance. Distal radial epiphyseal closure was classified into three degrees: A, B, or C. Performance data included the number of races raced, athletic career length, and the number of races per month. The variables were subjected to regression analysis. At the time of radiographic examination, male horses were significantly older than females, and horses with epiphyseal closure degrees differed with age. Age at first race was 33.08±3.81 months, the average of races raced was 18.32±15.14 races, athletic career duration was 20.37±13.82 months, and the number of races raced per month was 0.93±0.46 races. Age influenced (P>0.001) the distal radial epiphyseal closure on racehorses, but sex did not (P=0.218 for males and P=0.275 for females). An inverse association was observed between age at the first race, the number of races raced per month, and athletic career duration. The frequency of race and the age at the first race influenced athletic career duration.

O impacto do exercício de alta velocidade no sistema musculoesquelético de cavalos de corrida jovens tem sido amplamente discutido devido a preocupações com a saúde e o bem-estar animal. Este estudo investigou a correlação entre idade, grau de ossificação da epífise radial distal, sexo e longevidade da carreira de cavalos Puro Sangue Inglês de corrida no Brasil de 2012 a 2015. Realizamos uma avaliação retrospectiva de 286 radiografias dorsopalmar da região radiocarpica esquerda de cavalos jovens e seu desempenho de corrida. O fechamento epifisário radial distal foi classificado em três graus decrescentes: A, B ou C. Os dados de desempenho incluíram o número de corridas disputadas, duração da carreira atlética e o número de corridas por mês. As variáveis foram submetidas à análise de regressão. No momento do exame radiográfico, os cavalos machos eram significativamente mais velhos que as fêmeas, e os cavalos com diferentes graus de fechamento epifisário diferiram com a idade. A idade na primeira corrida foi de 33,08±3,81 meses, a média de corridas disputadas foi de 18,32±15,14 corridas, a duração da carreira atlética foi de 20,37±13,82 meses e o número de corridas realizadas por mês foi de 0,93±0,46 corridas. A idade influenciou (P>0,001) o fechamento da epífise radial distal em cavalos de corrida, mas o sexo não (P=0,218 para machos e P=0,275 para fêmeas). Uma associação inversa foi observada entre a idade na primeira corrida, o número de corridas disputadas por mês e a duração da carreira atlética. A frequência de corrida e a idade na primeira corrida influenciaram a duração da carreira atlética.

Phytase in diets with different phytate concentrations for broilers / Fitase em dietas com diferentes concentrações de fitato para frangos de corte

ABSTRACT: This study evaluated the effect of including different doses of phytase in broiler diets with different levels of phytate and reduced levels of calcium (Ca) and available phosphorus (aP), on broilers performance, digestibility (CAID), and bone characteristics. One thousand four hundred and four Cobb®500 broilers were used, distributed in a complete randomized design, and a 2x3 factorial arrangement, with two phytate levels (4.25 kg/ton - MP and 6.0 kg/ton - HP) and three phytase levels (0, 750, and 1500 FTU/kg) totalizing six treatments with nine replicates each. The animals that received phytase in their diet showed higher average feed intake and weight gain, and higher bone weight, % mineral residue, % Ca, and % P, when compared to the treatment without phytase (P < 0.01). Animals that received a diet containing HP with the inclusion of 1500FTU/kg phytase had the best CAID of nutrients (P < 0.0001). Regarding phytate, animals that received the MP diet showed a higher CAID of dry matter, and higher %P in the tibia when compared to animals that received the HP diet. The addition of phytase to diets with reduced Ca and aP levels can improve the CAIDs and bone characteristics in the presence of high phytate levels. However, reducing Ca and aP levels in the diet without adding phytase impairs the performance of broilers and has no effect on their carcass and cuts yield.

RESUMO: Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar o efeito da inclusão de diferentes doses de fitase em rações para frangos de corte com diferentes níveis de fitato e níveis reduzidos de cálcio (Ca) e fósforo disponível (Pd) sobre seu desempenho. Foram utilizados 1.404 frangos machos Cobb®500, distribuídos em delineamento inteiramente casualizado, em esquema fatorial 2x3, com dois níveis de fitato (4,25 kg / ton - MP e 6,0 kg / ton - HP) e três níveis de fitase (0, 750 e 1500 FTU / kg), com nove repetições por tratamento. Foram avaliados os parâmetros de desempenho, e aos 21 dias de idade, quatro frangos por repetição foram abatidos para coleta do conteúdo ileal para análise do coeficiente de digestibilidade ileal aparente (CDIA), e foram removidas a tíbia direita de um frango por repetição para quantificar seu peso e porcentagem de resíduo mineral (% RM), Ca e P. Aos 42 dias de idade, uma ave por repetição foi abatida para medir o rendimento de carcaça e cortes. Os animais que receberam fitase na dieta apresentaram maior consumo médio de ração e ganho de peso médio, e maior peso ósseo, % RM, % Ca e % P, quando comparados ao tratamento sem fitase (P < 0,01). Os animais que receberam dieta contendo HP com inclusão de 1500FTU / kg de fitase apresentaram os melhores CDIAs de nutrientes (P < 0,0001). Em relação ao fitato, os animais que receberam a dieta MP apresentaram maior CDIA de matéria seca e maior %P na tíbia quando comparados aos animais que receberam a dieta HP. A adição de fitase a dietas com níveis reduzidos de Ca e Pd pode melhorar os CDIAs e as características ósseas na presença de níveis elevados de fitato. No entanto, a redução dos níveis de Ca e Pd na dieta sem adição de fitase prejudica o desempenho dos frangos de corte e não afeta o rendimento de carcaças e cortes.

Bone Growth and Meat Quality of Quails Submitted to Different Lighting Programs

The present study was executed to evaluate the effect of lighting programs for meat quails on their bone growth and development. A total of 1500 sexed European quails (Coturnix coturnix coturnix) were distributed using a completely randomized design in a 2 × 3 factorial arrangement, with two sexes and three lighting programs (natural, intermittent, and continuous) with five replicates of 50 quails. The lighting programs were applied in the period from 7 to 49 d of age. Weekly slaughterings were performed to remove the tibiotarsus and femur and subsequently determine weight, length, dry and mineral matter content. The growth and deposition curves of dry and mineral matter in the bones were obtained using the Gompertz model. There was no significant interaction between lighting programs and sex for the estimates of the Gompertz curve parameters of all variables studied. There was an effect of the lighting programs only on the time needed to reach the maximum deposition rate of the growth curve and dry and mineral matter deposition. Females showed higher weight and deposition of mineral matter at maturity, and took longer to reach the maximum deposition rate value for these variables. There was influence of the lighting programs on resistance and bone deformity of the tibiotarsus. For quails raised in the tropical region, a natural or intermittent lighting program must be used, as it does not compromise the development of bones and assures bone quality.(AU)

Fibroblastic osteosarcoma in a guinea pig (Cavia porcellus)

The article describes the case of a 3 year 6 months old Guinea Pig (Cavia porcellus) that was assisted at the Wildlife and Exotic Animal Practice of the Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, National University of Asunción. The patient presented a hard mass in the right hind limb extending from the proximal portion of the femur, projecting caudally to the proximal tuberosity of the calcaneus, with an increase in temperature, and a marked increase in sensitivity. Radiographic diagnosis refers to a mass with amorphous areas of mineral density. Fine needle aspiration puncture revealed an undifferentiated malignant proliferative process, requiring histopathological analysis to characterize the process. Disarticulation was performed and subsequent histopathologic diagnosis under hematoxylin-eosin and Masson's trichrome stain revealed fibroblastic osteosarcoma.(AU)

Multilobular tumor of bone in bitches: clinical, histopathological, immunohistochemical and overall survival aspects

Background: Multilobular tumor of bone (MTB) is an unusual neoplasm with variable biologic behavior which originates primarily in bone tissues. Radiographs computed tomography (CT), and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are useful in diagnoses and surgical planning. Tumor removal with wide surgical margins is the treatment of choice. Immunohistochemistry has been shown as an important tool in veterinary oncology to define therapeutic and prognostic decisions. The goal of this study was to report 2 distinct cases of multilobular tumor of bone, their Cox-2 and Mib-1 immunohistochemical profile and its impact on overall survival. Case: Two bitches were presented at the Oncology Department of the Veterinary Hospital in the Veterinary School of Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG). Both had a history of a progressive, painless, circumscribed, and firm facial mass. The 1st patient was a 8-year-old intact bitch mixed breed, weighing 50 kg, that presented a fast growing right infraorbital 3-cm mass, causing eye displacement. The 2nd patient was a 7-year-old spayed bitch Labrador retriever, weighing 28 kg, that presented a left temporal 8-cm mass. Neurologic examination of both bitches was normal. Skin over the nodules was strained, but with no ulceration. Radiographic exams of the head revealed lytic and proliferative bone reaction, with loss of cortical definition in both cases. These alterations were seen on the left zygomatic arch of the retrobulbar region, involving part of the mandible and of the nasal sinus lateral frontal bone in 1st patient, and on the right temporal process of the zygomatic bone in 2nd patient. The last one, also showed a granular solid mass with little contact with skull bones. Complete blood count, biochemistry profile, electrocardiogram, and 3-view thoracic radiographs were performed. Results were within normal ranges for the species and no signs of metastasis was seen on the radiographs. Location, size, and density of the mass, adjacent tissue compression, absence of cranial invasion, and lymph node size were rigorously evaluated with CT, allowing an individualized surgical planning to achieve complete mass removal and maintenance of the function of adjacent structures. Both animals were submitted to surgery. Both tumors were fixed on 10% neutral buffered formalin and sent to the Animal Pathology Department of UFMG for histopathological examination and margin assessment. Both tumors were diagnosed as grade I MTB. Tumor immunohistochemistry was performed to identify prognostic factors that could be used to better define therapeutic treatments and to try to clarify the discrepancy in disease progression between both tumors. The 1st patient expressed 20% of Mib-1 and was considered score 2 of Cox-2. The 2nd one expressed 5% of Mib-1 and was considered score 1 of Cox-2. Considering the diagnoses and histological characteristics of the tumors, it was decided for clinical follow-up of patients without additional therapeutic complementation. Even considering incomplete surgical margins in 2nd patient, adjuvant chemotherapy was not performed, due to low mitotic index and low histological grade. The 1st patient had an overall survival of 240 days, and death was due to recurrence and disease progression; and the 2nd did not show recurrence nor metastasis after 1200 days. Discussion: Proper and individualized surgical planning and histopathological evaluation are extremely important to guide treatment decisions. However, immunohistochemistry can be important in MTB cases, to help define which patients should be submitted to surgery alone and which patients could be benefited from adjuvant chemotherapy.

Phytase in diets with different phytate concentrations for broilers / Fitase em dietas com diferentes concentrações de fitato para frangos de corte

This study evaluated the effect of including different doses of phytase in broiler diets with different levels of phytate and reduced levels of calcium (Ca) and available phosphorus (aP), on broilers performance, digestibility (CAID), and bone characteristics. One thousand four hundred and four Cobb®500 broilers were used, distributed in a complete randomized design, and a 2x3 factorial arrangement, with two phytate levels (4.25 kg/ton - MP and 6.0 kg/ton - HP) and three phytase levels (0, 750, and 1500 FTU/kg) totalizing six treatments with nine replicates each. The animals that received phytase in their diet showed higher average feed intake and weight gain, and higher bone weight, % mineral residue, % Ca, and % P, when compared to the treatment without phytase (P < 0.01). Animals that received a diet containing HP with the inclusion of 1500FTU/kg phytase had the best CAID of nutrients (P < 0.0001). Regarding phytate, animals that received the MP diet showed a higher CAID of dry matter, and higher %P in the tibia when compared to animals that received the HP diet. The addition of phytase to diets with reduced Ca and aP levels can improve the CAIDs and bone characteristics in the presence of high phytate levels. However, reducing Ca and aP levels in the diet without adding phytase impairs the performance of broilers and has no effect on their carcass and cuts yield.

Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar o efeito da inclusão de diferentes doses de fitase em rações para frangos de corte com diferentes níveis de fitato e níveis reduzidos de cálcio (Ca) e fósforo disponível (Pd) sobre seu desempenho. Foram utilizados 1.404 frangos machos Cobb®500, distribuídos em delineamento inteiramente casualizado, em esquema fatorial 2x3, com dois níveis de fitato (4,25 kg / ton - MP e 6,0 kg / ton - HP) e três níveis de fitase (0, 750 e 1500 FTU / kg), com nove repetições por tratamento. Foram avaliados os parâmetros de desempenho, e aos 21 dias de idade, quatro frangos por repetição foram abatidos para coleta do conteúdo ileal para análise do coeficiente de digestibilidade ileal aparente (CDIA), e foram removidas a tíbia direita de um frango por repetição para quantificar seu peso e porcentagem de resíduo mineral (% RM), Ca e P. Aos 42 dias de idade, uma ave por repetição foi abatida para medir o rendimento de carcaça e cortes. Os animais que receberam fitase na dieta apresentaram maior consumo médio de ração e ganho de peso médio, e maior peso ósseo, % RM, % Ca e % P, quando comparados ao tratamento sem fitase (P < 0,01). Os animais que receberam dieta contendo HP com inclusão de 1500FTU / kg de fitase apresentaram os melhores CDIAs de nutrientes (P < 0,0001). Em relação ao fitato, os animais que receberam a dieta MP apresentaram maior CDIA de matéria seca e maior %P na tíbia quando comparados aos animais que receberam a dieta HP. A adição de fitase a dietas com níveis reduzidos de Ca e Pd pode melhorar os CDIAs e as características ósseas na presença de níveis elevados de fitato. No entanto, a redução dos níveis de Ca e Pd na dieta sem adição de fitase prejudica o desempenho dos frangos de corte e não afeta o rendimento de carcaças e cortes.

Lesão na região metacarpiana do membro torácico esquerdo de bezerra Gir decorrente de contenção para pesagem / Injury in the metacarpinal region of the left thoracic limbs resulting from retention for weighing in a Gir calf

Fraturas ósseas e luxações são mais comuns em animais jovens e, na maioria das vezes, essas fraturas ocorrem devido ao manejo incorreto desses animais, podendo levar a uma queda de produção a curto ou longo prazo, gerando perdas econômicas e produtivas de animais de alto padrão genético. Nesse contexto, o objetivo deste trabalho foi relatar a ocorrência de uma fratura na região metacarpiana do membro torácico esquerdo de uma bezerra Gir de 12 dias de idade, causada por uma contenção ineficaz durante a pesagem. O animal proveniente de uma fazenda em Umirim/CE foi encaminhado ao Hospital Veterinário de Grandes Animais do Centro Universitário INTA em Sobral/CE. Ao passar pelo exame radiográfico, foi constatada a fratura na região metacarpiana do membro torácico esquerdo. O animal foi imobilizado de forma manual, seguindo-se métodos semiológicos para minimizar o estresse. Para a imobilização do membro, foi utilizada a muleta de Thomas modificada e bandagens, associadas ao controle da dor com as drogas Flunixin meglumine (1,1mg/kg) e Fenilbutazona (4,4mg/kg). Depois da imobilização, o animal seguiu internado no HOVET-GA e, após 18 dias, foi realizada uma nova radiografia para ver o progresso a partir do tratamento adotado. Constatou-se a formação de um calo ósseo, com a ossificação da fratura, não sendo necessário o encaminhamento cirúrgico do animal. Assim, o tratamento com muleta de Thomas modificada foi efetivo para a recuperação do membro fraturado, além de ser um tratamento de baixo custo e fácil aplicação, tendo o animal apresentado uma boa resposta ao tratamento terapêutico para controle da dor.

Bone fractures and dislocations are more common in young animals and mostly occur due to incorrect handling of these animals, which can lead to a short or long-term drop in production, generating economic and productive losses of animals of high genetic standard. This study aimed to report the occurrence of a fracture in the metacarpal region of the left thoracic limb of a 12-day-old Gir heifer, caused by an ineffective restraint during weighing. The animal from a farm in Umirim/CE was sent to the Veterinary Hospital of Large Animals of the University Center INTA in Sobral/CE. The radiographic examination found a fracture in the metacarpal region of the left thoracic limb. The animal was manually immobilized following semiological methods to minimize stress. For the limb immobilization, a modified Thomas crutch and bandages associated with pain control with the drugs Flunixin meglumine (1.1mg/kg) and Phenylbutazone (4.4mg/kg) were used. After immobilization, the animal remained hospitalized at HOVET-GA and after 18 days a new radiograph was performed to evaluate the progress achieved with the treatment adopted. It was found the formation of a bone callus with the ossification of the fracture, not requiring the surgical referral of the animal. Thus, the treatment with the modified Thomas crutch was effective for the recovery of the fractured limb, in addition to being a low-cost and easy-to-apply treatment. The animal showed a good response to the therapeutic treatment for pain control.

Development of an intervertebral disc prosthesis prototype for the canine cervical spine / Desenvolvimento de um protótipo de prótese de disco intervertebral para a coluna vertebral cervical de cães

Cervical arthroplasty with disc prosthesis has been proposed as a treatment option for dogs with Cervical Spondylomyelopathy. The present study developed a novel vertebral disc prosthesis for dogs. Sixteen Functional Spinal Units (C5-C6) were collected from dog cadavers with body weights ranging between 25 and 35 kg, and their vertebral measurements were used to design a prosthetic disc. The sizing of the prosthesis was performed based on the averages of the measurements of width, height, and length of the vertebral bodies from C5-C6 of all specimens. The prosthesis was developed using the Rhinoceros 3D® and SolidWorks® programs, and 3D prototyping was carried out to define the best design. The developed prosthesis consisted of two independent parts that are fixed to the cranial and caudal vertebral bodies, in the intervertebral space, and fitted together by metal-to-metal surfaces capable of moving in the lateral, ventral, and dorsal directions. Each part of the prosthesis is angled in two portions: vertically, in the intervertebral space, and horizontally, in contact with the ventral surface of the vertebral bodies, both of which are fixed by means of monocortical locking screws. The design of the developed prototype allowed a good fit in the intervertebral space between C4-C5, C5-C6, and C6-C7.

A artroplastia cervical com prótese de disco tem sido proposta como uma opção de tratamento para cães com Espondilomielopatia Cervical. O presente estudo teve como objetivo desenvolver uma nova prótese de disco intervertebral para cães. Dezesseis Unidades Funcionais de Coluna Vertebral (C5-C6) foram coletadas de cadáveres de cães com peso corporal variando entre 25 e 35 kg, e suas medidas vertebrais foram usadas para projetar um disco intervertebral protético. O dimensionamento da prótese foi realizado com base nas médias das mensurações da largura, altura e comprimento dos corpos vertebrais de C5-C6 de todos os espécimes. A prótese foi desenvolvida nos programas Rhinoceros 3D® e SolidWorks® e utilizou-se prototipagem em 3D para a definição do melhor design. A prótese desenvolvida é formada por duas partes independentes que se fixam às espífises dos corpos vertebrais cranial e caudalmente ao espaço intervertebral, e se encaixam entre si por superfícies de metal-metal com capacidade de movimentação nas direções lateral, ventral e dorsal. Cada parte da prótese é angulada em duas porções: a vertical, que fica no espaço intervertebral, e a horizontal, que fica em contato com a superfície ventral dos corpos vertebrais, ambas as quais são fixadas por meio de parafusos bloqueados monocorticais. O design do protótipo desenvolvido permitiu bom encaixe no espaço intervertebral entre C4-C5, C5-C6 e C6-C7.

Evaluation of phosphorus levels in bones and serum of buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis) before and after supplementation with a selective mineral mixture / Avaliação dos níveis de fósforo sérico e ósseo em búfalas (Bubalus bubalis) antes e após suplementação com mistura mineral seletiva

This study aimed to evaluate phosphorus (P) concentration in serum and bone, the percentage of ash and the specific bone density of buffaloes on Ilha de Marajó before and after mineral supplementation. For this study, 14 crossbred buffaloes of Murrah and Mediterranean descent aged between 18 and 36 months were used. The average values of P before supplementation in serum and bone, the percentage of bone ash and the specific bone density were 5.68mg/dL±1.18, 16.53%±0.53, 59.95%±1.96 and 1.52g/cm3±0.32, respectively, which demonstrated P deficiency in animals raised on Ilha de Marajó. After supplementation with P for a period of seven months, the values were 6.61mg/dL±0.87, 16.90%±0.56 and 60.30%±0.95 and 1.71g/cm3±0.21, respectively. These results showed a significant increase in P concentration in blood serum, specific bone density and percentage of P in ash (P<0.05), but there was no significant increase in the percentage of ash. The average increase in P in the serum and ash did not reach normal levels in all animals; however, 28.6% of the animals had normal values of P in serum and 50% in the ash, and 64.3% had normal specific bone density values. The nonre-establishment, in some of the animals, of the variables of P serum and bone after supplementation for seven months may have occurred as a result of the low intake of the mineral mixture and by the low concentration of P in the Brachiaria brizantha cv. Marandu used for feeding animals during the experiment.

Objetivou-se avaliar as concentrações de fósforo (P) no soro e no osso, o percentual de cinzas e a densidade óssea específica em búfalas da Ilha de Marajó antes e após suplementação mineral seletiva. Foram utilizadas 14 búfalas mestiças de Murrah com Mediterrânea, com idades entre 18 e 36 meses. Os valores médios de P, antes da suplementação, no soro, no osso, o percentual de cinzas e a densidade óssea específica foram de 5,68mg/dL±1,18, 16,53%±0,53, 59,95%±1,96 e 1,52g/cm3±0,32, respectivamente, o que demonstra deficiência de P nos animais criados na Ilha de Marajó. Após a suplementação com P por um período de sete meses os valores foram 6,61mg/dl±0,87, 16,90%±0,56 e 60,30%±0,95 e 1,71g/cm3±0,21 respectivamente. Esses resultados caracterizam um aumento significativo nas concentrações de P no soro sanguíneo, na densidade óssea específica e no percentual de P nas cinzas (P<0,05), porém não houve um aumento significativo no percentual de cinzas. O aumento médio nos valores de P no soro e nas cinzas não alcançou patamares de normalidade em todas as búfalas, entretanto 28,6% delas tinham valores normais de P no soro e 50% nas cinzas, 64,3% tinham valores normais da densidade óssea específica. O não restabelecimento, em parte dos animais, das variáveis ósseas e sanguíneas após suplementação com P durante sete meses pode ter ocorrido em virtude da baixa ingestão da mistura mineral e da baixa concentração de P em Brachiaria brizantha cv. Marandu utilizada para alimentação dos animais durante o experimento.

Finite element analysis of a new intervertebral disc prosthesis developed for the canine cervical spine / Elementos finitos de uma nova prótese de disco intervertebral desenvolvida para a coluna cervical canina

Cervical spondylomyelopathy (CSM) is a disease that affects mostly large- and giant-breed dogs. It is characterized by abnormalities of the cervical spine that may cause damage to the spinal cord and nerve roots. Cervical disc arthroplasty has been proposed as a treatment option in veterinary medicine. The current study evaluated the main stresses in a novel canine vertebral disc prosthesis and vertebral bodies using finite element analysis. Two experimental groups were created based on the material used for the prosthesis: stainless steel group (SSG) and titanium alloy group (TAG). Vertebral and prosthetic average equivalents von-Mises stress (VMS) and minimum principal stress (MiPS) were assessed while compressive, tensile, and lateral bending shear loads were applied. The stainless steel group had greater VMS distribution on all the evaluated parameters while the titanium alloy group had greater MiPS. Stresses were more concentrated on the lateral and ventral surfaces of the vertebral bodies than on their endplates. The average prosthetic stresses were more concentrated on the bone/implant contact surface than on the prosthesis/screw interface. Maximum stresses were concentrated in the screws' cranial surface. The novel prosthesis allows even distribution along the vertebral body. Comparing prosthesis materials, titanium alloy was marginally superior regarding average stresses in all directions and should be less likely to suffer subsidence.

Espondilomielopatia cervical (EMC) é uma doença que geralmente afeta cães de raças grandes e gigantes. Ela é caracterizada por anormalidades da coluna cervical que podem causar danos à medula espinhal ou às raízes nervosas. Artroplastia cervical com prótese de disco tem sido proposta como opção de tratamento na medicina veterinária. O presente estudo teve como objetivo avaliar os principais estresses em uma nova prótese de disco intervertebral canina e corpos vertebrais por meio da análise de elementos finitos. Foram compostos dois grupos experimentais que representaram o material constituinte da nova prótese: grupos aço inoxidável (SSG) e o liga de titânio (TAG). Tensões equivalente de von-Mises (VMS) e tensão principal mínima (MiPS) média foram avaliadas sob forças de compressão, tração e torção para vértebras e prótese. O grupo SSG teve maior distribuição de VMS para todos parâmetros avaliados, enquanto o grupo TAG teve maior MiPS. Estresses estiveram mais concentrados nas superfícies lateral e ventral dos corpos vertebrais do que nas placas terminais. Os estresses médios da prótese foram mais concentrados na superfície de contato osso/implante do que na interface prótese/parafuso. Estresses máximos foram concentrados na superfície cranial do parafuso. A nova prótese permitiu distribuição uniforme do estresse ao longo do corpo vertebral. Comparando os materiais da prótese, a liga de titânio foi marginalmente superior quanto aos estresses médios em todas as direções, sendo menos provável que sofra afundamento da prótese.

Extraskeletal osteosarcoma in the duodenum of a dog

Background: Osteosarcoma is the most observed primary bone tumor in dogs, and may affect the appendicular and axial skeletons. In addition, it may be present in extraskeletal form, accounting for only 1% of cases. As shown by few reports in the literature, the involvement of the intestinal region by is rare. The objective of this study was to report the case of a 13-year-old Yorkshire dog, submitted to an exploratory laparotomy for suspected partial intestinal obstruction, diagnosed with extraskeletal osteosarcoma. Case: A 13-year-old dog, Yorkshire Terrier, male, presented clinical signs of gastrointestinal abnormalities. An ultrasound examination was performed and was found a mass in small intestine region with wall and lumen invasion. Then, was realized exploratory laparotomy and detected intestinal obstruction due to a mass with approximately 5.0 x 6.0 x 4.4 cm localized in duodenum. Surgical removal was performed and the sample sent to the veterinary diagnostic laboratory for histopathological examination. The sample had an irregular surface and firm consistency. In addition, when cut, the mass enveloped the intestinal layers and sometimes obstructed the lumen. Then, the sample were processed routinely for histopathology. After that, in microscopy evaluation was detected cell proliferation, affecting all layers of intestine. In detail, cells were elongated with pleomorphism marked and atypical mitosis. In addition, there was production of cartilage and bone matrix. So, due the absence of others sites, the neoplasm was considered primary of intestine. After that, to evaluate the expression of KI-67 and COX-2 was performed, and the cell proliferation index was 54.0% and the COX-2 expression was moderate in less than 10% of neoplastic cells. After the surgery, the patient was hospitalized for a week and continue the treatment in home. Afterwards, the tutor received the diagnosis, but even though he was instructed on the severity of the case, he chose not to undergo chemotherapy. After three months, the patient presented abdominal fluid and nodules in your liver, suggesting metastasis, but without diagnosis confirmation. The patient died five months after the diagnosis of extraskeletal osteosarcoma. However, no necropsy was realized, impossibility the diagnosis confirm. Discussion: The frequency of extraskeletal osteosarcoma in dogs remains unknown, with the mammary glands being the most affected site. In the present study, osteosarcoma affects the duodenal region and no reports of this neoplasm in the duodenum of dogs have been found in the literature. The clinical sign of dyschezia was important for the tutor to refer the animal to the veterinarian and perform the ultrasound in an attempt to elucidate the case, as the tumor mass is not always palpable. Histopathological examination and immunohistochemistry were necessary for the differential diagnosis and to establish the prognosis, although after the surgery the tutor chose not to perform chemotherapy. Extraskeletal osteosarcoma are usually highly metastatic, mainly affecting the lymph nodes and liver. In this case, the patient presented a liver nodule three months after the tumor removal surgery, but unfortunately, there was no diagnostic confirmation. Such neoplastic type is rarer and more aggressive than appendicular and axial osteosarcoma, with an average survival of 1 to 3 months. In this case, as a necropsy was not obtained, we cannot attribute the survival time to the disease. The survival rates of osteosarcomas in dogs are few months, but in the present case, although the patient died five months after surgery, the failure to perform a necropsy compromises the attribution of survival time to extraskeletal osteosarcoma.

Uso da termografia e ultrassonografia power dopplerpara avaliação da resposta tecidual em falhas ósseas preenchidas com biomaterial em ovinos / Termography and power doppler sonography assessment for tissue response evaluation in sheep bone defects filled with biomaterial

Biomateriaistem diversas indicações como auxiliares no processo de reparação óssea, além de terem função de substituto ósseo em perdas extensas. Diversas são as vantagens de sua utilização, como por exemplo, auxílio na osteocondutividade, estímulo de neovascularização, potencial antimicrobiano, entre outros. Falhas ósseas foram realizadas nas tíbias de seis ovinos da raça Santa Inês e preenchidas com biomaterial à base de quitosana, colágeno e hidroxiapatita. Um membro foi considerado controle e outro membro tratado segundo estudo randomizado. Foram realizadas avaliações termográficas e por ultrassonografia Power Dopplerem todos os animais do estudo, semanalmente, nos dias D0, D7, D14, D21, D28, D35, D42 e D56. Não houve diferenças significativas com relação à temperatura mínima, máxima e média entre os grupos com biomaterial e controle nas imagens termográficas. Houveram variações com relação ao tempo dentro de ambos os grupos. Com relação à presença de vasos na ultrassonografia Power Dopplernão houve diferenças estatísticas entre os grupos, exceto no dia 21 (P=0,031). Dentro das possibilidades de avaliação que os exames de imagem fornecem, a termografia e a ultrassonografia Power Dopplermostraram-se ferramentas não invasivas de avaliação pós-operatória de processo inflamatório e neovascularização, sendo realizadas semanalmente, permitindo acompanhamento fidedigno e detalhado ao longo do experimento, sem gerar desconforto ou estresse aos animais. Não houve indícios de complicações relacionadas ao biomaterial.(AU)

Biomaterials have several indications supporting the bone repair process, besides having bone substitute function in extensive losses. There are several advantages of its use, such as contribution in osteoconductivity, stimulation of neovascularization, antimicrobial potential, among others.Tibial bone defects was performed in six Santa Inês breed ewes and implanted with chitosan, collagen and hydroxyapatite biomaterial. One limb was considered the control limb and the other one the biomateriallimb, chosenrandomly. Thermographic and Power Dopplersonography was performed in all animals, weekly for 56 days. The thermography showed no significant differences related to low, high and mean temperature between the control and the biomaterial groups. Statisticalvariations were found between time in both groups. The visualization of neovascularization with the Power Dopplersonography did not present statistical differences, except for day 21 (P=0,031). Within the possibilities provided by imaging exams, thermography and Power Doppler sonography demonstrate to be non-invasive methods for post-operative evaluation of inflammatory process and neovascularization. The weekly management allowed reliable and detailed monitoring throughout the experiment, without causingdiscomfort or stress to the animals. There was no evidence of biomaterial complications.(AU)

Use of polymethylmethacrylate plaque as a treatment of cranioschisis associated with meningocele in a Girolando heifer: A case report / Uso de placa de polimetilmetacrilato (PMMA) no tratamento de craniosquise associada à meningocele em uma bezerra girolando: relato de caso

Most genetic diseases affect purebred animals and are inherited as recessive genes. Cranioschisis refers to dysraphism, which occurs in the midline of the skull due to failure to close the cranial symphysis, which can lead to herniation of the meninges filled with cerebrospinal fluid (meningocele), where there is usually a projection of the meningeal tissue. Diagnosis is performed based on clinical examination, characteristic anatomopathological data, and complementary imaging tests. The surgical approach for correction of cranioschisis is the only described as a therapeutic solution and is indicated in cases in which the cranial synthesis defect does not allow for brain protrusion and there is only the occurrence of meningocele, in addition to the absence of severe signs of neurological alteration. This paper reports a case of the use of polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) plaque to treat cranioschisis associated with meningocele in a Girolando heifer. The surgical opening of the frontonasal sacculation allowed draining a total liquid content of 488 mL, inspection, and suture of the envelope membrane. APMMA plaque, molded to the bone surface and anchored in the adjacent soft tissue, was used to cover the evidenced frontonasal bone opening. Despite the unfavorable prognosis of the disease, the cranioplasty surgery for the treatment of cranioschisis associated with meningocele using PMMA plaque obtained satisfactory results relative to the quality and maintenance of this animal's life, evaluated at 19 months postoperatively.(AU)

A maioria das doenças genéticas acometem animais de raça pura e herdados como genes recessivos.Acraniosquise refere-se à disrafia, que acontece na linha média do crânio pelo não fechamento da sínfise craniana, podendo levar a herniação das meninges repletas de líquido cefalorraquidiano (meningocele), onde geralmente existe projeção do tecido meningeal. O diagnóstico é realizado a partir do exame clínico, dados anatomopatológicos característicos e através da realização de exames complementares de imagem. Como solução terapêutica, a abordagem cirúrgica para correção das craniosquises é a única descrita, e é indicada em casos em que o defeito de síntese craniana não permita a protrusão encefálica e exista a ocorrência apenas da meningocele, além da inexistência de sinais graves de alteração neurológica. O artigo relata um caso de uso de placa de polimetilmetacrilato (PMMA) no tratamento de craniosquise associada à meningocele em uma bezerra Girolando. Instituiu-se a abertura cirúrgica da saculação fronto-nasal, permitindo a drenagem de conteúdo líquido total de 488 mL, inspeção e rafia de membrana envoltória. Para recobrimento da abertura óssea fronto-nasal evidenciada, utilizou-se uma placa de polimetilmetacrilato (PMMA), moldada à superfície óssea e ancorada em tecido mole adjacente. Concluiu-se que, apesar do prognóstico desfavorável da enfermidade, a cirurgia de cranioplastia para tratamento de craniosquise associada à meningocele, com a utilização de placa de PMMA, neste caso, obteve resultados satisfatórios em relação a qualidade e manutenção da vida deste animal, avaliando-se em 19 meses pós-operatório.(AU)

Fibrous osteodystrophy due to secondary renal hyperparathyroidism in a senile dog / Osteodistrofia fibrosa decorrente de hiperparatireodismo secundário renal em cão senil

Renal hyperparathyroidism stands out among the complications of kidney disease in dogs due to phosphorus retention with a predisposition to hypocalcemia, parathyroid hormone stimulation with mobilization of calcium from the bones, characterizing fibrous osteodystrophy, unusual in the elderly. The objective was to report it in 12-year-old Labrador with polyuria, polydipsia, and emesis for five months due to maxillary and mandibular volume increase, followed by loosely fixed teeth, and facial deformity. Blood tests showed anemia, thrombocytosis, azotemia, hypoalbuminemia and hyperphosphatemia and urinalysis showed low density, glycosuria, proteinuria, and moderate caudate and transitional epithelial cells. Oral x-rays showed loss of dental bone support and decreased bone radiopacity. Chest radiographs showed decreased density in the ribs and costochondral junction; on the other hand, organs of the cardiorespiratory system showed no changes. The electrocardiogram and echocardiogram did not show impairment. Abdominal ultrasound revealed kidneys with asymmetry, increased echogenicity of the cortical and poorly preserved cortico-medullary definition. Oral histopathology showed intense fibroplasia associated with bone reabsorption. Support therapy was instituted, but the patient died ten days after consultation. Thus, although uncommon in the elderly, fibrous osteodystrophy should be investigated in dogs with advanced-stage chronic kidney disease and, even with conservative therapies, the prognosis is unfavorable.

O hiperparatireoidismo renal destaca-se entre as complicações da doença renal em cães, pela retenção de fósforo com predisposição à hipocalcemia, estimulação de paratormônio com mobilização do cálcio dos ossos, caracterizando a osteodistrofia fibrosa, incomum em idosos. O objetivo foi relatá-la em Labrador de 12 anos com poliúria, polidipsia e vômitos há cinco meses, além de aumento de volume maxilar e mandibular seguido de dentes frouxamente fixados e deformidade facial. Os exames sanguíneos denotaram anemia, trombocitose, azotemia, hipoalbuminemia, hiperfosfatemia, urinálise, baixa densidade, glicosúria, proteinúria e moderadas células caudadas e epiteliais de transição. Pelos raios X orais, houve perda da sustentação óssea dentária e diminuição da radiopacidade óssea. As radiografias de tórax demonstraram diminuição da densidade óssea na região dos arcos costais e junção costocondral; em contrapartida, órgãos do sistema cardiorrespiratório se mostraram sem alterações aparentes. O eletrocardiograma e o ecocardiograma não incidiram comprometimento. O ultrassom abdominal revelou rins com assimetria, aumento da ecogenicidade cortical e definição corticomedular pouco preservada, e a histopatologia oral apontou intensa fibroplasia associada à reabsorção óssea. Foi instituída terapia suporte, mas o paciente veio a óbito 10 dias após a consulta. Assim, mesmo que incomum em idosos, a osteodistrofia fibrosa deve ser investigada em cães com doença renal crônica em estágio avançado, mesmo com as terapias conservadoras, o prognóstico é desfavorável.

Tumor ósseo multilobular em cão da raça yorkshire terrier: relato de caso / Multilobular bone tumor in yorkshire terrier breed dog: case report

O tumor ósseo multilobular, também conhecido como osteocondrossarcoma multilobular ou chondroma rodens, é um tumor maligno de crescimento lento, localmente invasivo, capaz de comprimir e invadir o tecido adjacente. Sua ocorrência é maior nos ossos planos do crânio e palato duro. Os sinais clínicos dependem da localização do tumor e, geralmente, estão relacionados à compressão de estruturas adjacentes. Neste relato, descreve-se um caso de tumor ósseo multilobular em uma cadela de 9 anos de idade, raça yorkshire terrier, com crescimento progressivo em região sobreposta à topografia de arco zigomático esquerdo e porção caudal do ramo mandibular esquerdo. Após realização de avaliação radiográfica de crânio, tomografia computadorizada e investigação laboratorial, foi realizada a remoção cirúrgica e exame histopatológico, que confirmaram a suspeita de tumor ósseo multilobular. Portanto, a avaliação histopatológica associada aos exames de imagem permitiu o estabelecimento do diagnóstico de tumor ósseo multilobular, uma neoplasia pouco descrita na clínica veterinária brasileira em cães de pequeno porte.(AU)

Multilobularbone tumor, also known as multilobular osteochondrosarcoma or chondroma rodens, it is a slow-growing, locally invasive, malignant tumor capable of compressing and invading adjacenttissue. Its occurrence is higher in the flat bones of the skull and hard palate. Clinical signs depend on the location of the tumor and are usually related to compression of adjacent structures. This report describes a case of multilobular bone tumor in a nine-year-old female yorkshire terrier breed, with progressive growth in a region overlapping the topography of the left zygomatic arch and the caudal portion of the left mandibular ramus. After performing a radiographic evaluation of the skull, computed tomography and laboratory investigation, surgical removal and histopathology were performed, which confirmed the suspicion of a multilobular bonetumor. Therefore, the histopathology associated with imaging exams allowed the establishment of a diagnosis of multilobular bonetumor, a neoplasm rarely described in the Brazilian veterinary clinic of small dogs.(AU)

Sinonasal multilobular tumor of bone in a young mare: case report / Tumor ósseo multilobular sinonasal em uma égua jovem: relato de caso

A two-year old mare was referred to the veterinary hospital because of an increase in the volume of the head on the frontal and left side as well as dyspnoea. Radiographic examination showed an osseous radiopaque spherical mass, with a granular aspect, affecting the left frontal, maxillary, and nasal bones. A frontal sinusotomy was performed, and the frontal sinus was found to be totally obliterated by a granular, yellowish, and hard mass containing multiple spicules. Histologically, it was a multilobulated osseous neoplasia diagnosed as a multilobular osseous tumour. Because of poor prognosis, the animal was euthanized. Necropsy showed that the left nasal cavity was totally effaced as were the nasal sinuses and that the nasal turbinate disappeared because of the hard, yellowish, and granular mass measuring 20 × 14 × 14 cm that surrounded the molar teeth and extended to the cribriform plate. This tumour, which was described only once in horses, is more frequently observed in older dogs' skulls, and must be considered as a differential diagnosis in horses with sinonasal diseases.

Uma égua de dois anos de idade foi encaminhada ao Hospital Veterinário devido a um aumento de volume nas regiões frontal e lateral esquerdas da cabeça, associado à dispneia. Exame radiográfico demonstrou a existência de uma massa esférica radiopaca de aspecto granular afetando os ossos frontal, maxilar e nasal esquerdos. Sinusotomia frontal foi realizada e o seio frontal era totalmente obliterado por uma massa amarelada, granular e dura, com múltiplas espículas. Histologicamente, era uma neoplasia óssea multilobulada, diagnosticada como tumor ósseo multilobular. Devido ao prognóstico ruim, a égua foi eutanasiada. Durante a necropsia, observou-se desaparecimento dos turbinados nasais assim como obliteração total da cavidade nasal esquerda e dos seios nasais por uma massa dura, amarelada e granular, de 20x14x14cm, que circundava os dentes molares e estendia-se à placa cribriforme. Esse tumor, que foi descrito apenas uma vez em equinos, é mais frequente no crânio de cães idosos e deve ser considerado como diagnóstico diferencial em equinos com doenças sinonasais.

Achados radiográficos e ultrassonográficos de fibrossarcoma em membro torácico de gatos: relato de três casos

O fibrossarcoma é uma neoplasia mesenquimal maligna originada dos fibroblastos que localiza-se especificamente em tecido cutâneo, subcutâneo e cavidade oral. A ressecção cirúrgica do tumor com margem de segurança é conhecida como a principal forma de tratamento. A principal forma de metástase é a via hematógena, atingindo pulmões, e menos comum em linfonodos regionais. A análise histopatológica é o exame diagnóstico de eleição para definição do tipo de tumor e sua graduação. Os exames de imagem são fundamentais no estadiamento das neoplasias e planejamento cirúrgico. A ultrassonografia e radiografia são os métodos mais utilizados e oferecem um grande apoio a oncologia médica veterinária. O exame radiográfico possibilita o achado de neoformações ósseas ou demais alterações como o aumento de volume de tecidos moles, infiltração gordurosa, e cavitações com gás ou fluído. O exame ultrassonográfico permite o conhecimento sobre a ecotextura, organização, e localização da lesão em tecidos moles. Três gatos com fibrosssarcoma em membro torácico realizaram radiografia e ultrassonografia específica da lesão. Os achados radiográficos dos fibrossarcomas foram aumento de volume radiopacidade tecidos moles, sem acometimento ósseo. E os achados ultrassonográficos foram lesões de ecotextura grosseira, altamente heterogêneas. Os exames citológicos e histopatológicos concluíram fibrossarcoma. O