Outbreaks of philophthalmiasis in ostriches (Struthio camelus) in Northeast Brazil / Surtos de filoftalmíase em avestruzes (Struthio camelus) no Nordeste do Brasil

ABSTRACT: This study discusses the epidemiological, clinical, and pathological characteristics of two outbreaks of ocular infection in ostriches (Struthio camelus) caused by the trematode Philophthalmus sp. The outbreaks occurred in the states of Ceará and Rio Grande do Norte in Northeast Brazil. Ostrich farming was categorized as semi-intensive farming with free access to the weir and river. The clinical symptoms for infection included nictitating membrane inflammation, epiphora (tearing), eyelid edema, ocular congestion, eyeball destruction, emaciation, and death, and the infection period ranged from 8 to 16 months. Macroscopically, thickening of the eyelids and conjunctiva were observed, with orange parasites infestation. Histologically, the lesions were characterized as lymphoplasmacytic and heterophilic, multifocal to coalescing, moderate, chronic conjunctivitis associated with hyperplasia and ectasia of the Harderian gland, and numerous parasites. The parasites were oval and flattened with an oral suction cup, acetabulum, and thick cuticle containing spicules. The diagnosis of philophthalmiasis was based on epidemiological, clinical, and pathological findings associated with the morphological characteristics of the parasites present in the conjunctival sacs which were similar to the trematode Philophthalmus sp. Philophthalmiasis can occur in ostriches raised on urban and rural properties in Northeastern Brazil, probably associated with the contact of birds with contaminated water, and is characterized by severe conjunctivitis that can result in the loss of the eyeball and death of the animals.

RESUMO: Descrevem-se as características epidemiológicas, clínicas e patológicas de dois surtos de infecção ocular pelo trematódeo Philophthalmus sp. em avestruzes ocorridos nos estados do Ceará e Rio Grande do Norte no Nordeste do Brasil. As propriedades tinham em comum, a criação semi-intensiva e livre acesso a açude e rio. Os sinais clínicos incluíam protrusão da membrana nictante, lacrimejamento, edema palpebral, congestão ocular, destruição do globo ocular, emagrecimento e morte. A evolução clínica variou de oito a 16 meses. Macroscopicamente, observou-se espessamento das pálpebras e conjuntivas associado a numerosas estruturas parasitárias alaranjadas. No segundo surto, as lesões eram mais graves e consistiam em perda do globo ocular direito e anexos. Histologicamente, as lesões caracterizavam-se por conjuntivite linfoplasmocítica e heterofílica, multifocal a coalescente, moderada, crônica associada a hiperplasia e ectasia da glândula de Harderian e numerosas estruturas parasitárias. Os parasitas eram ovalados, achatados com ventosa oral e acetábulo e cutícula espessa contendo espículas. O diagnóstico de filoftalmíase foi realizado com base nos achados epidemiológicos, clínicos e patológicos associadas as características morfológicas dos parasitas presentes nos sacos conjuntivais compatíveis com o trematódeo Philophthalmus sp. A filoftalmíase pode ocorrer em avestruzes criados em propriedades urbanas e rurais no Nordeste do Brasil, provavelmente associado ao contato das aves com água contaminada e caracteriza-se por quadros de conjuntivite grave que pode resultar com a perda do globo ocular e morte dos animais.

Morphology and morphometry of Paratanaisia bragai (Santos, 1934) Freitas, 1959 (Digenea, Eucotylidae) through light and scanning electron microscopy / Morfologia e morfometria de Paratanaisia bragai (Santos, 1934) Freitas, 1959 (Digenea, Eucotylidae) através da microscopia de luz e microscopiaeletrônica de varredura

Paratanaisia bragai is a digenetic trematode that reaches sexual maturity in the kidney collecting ducts of domestic and wild birds, while the snails Subulina octona and Leptinaria unilamellata serve as its intermediate hosts in Brazil. The present study analyzed the morphology and morphometry of P. bragai. Adult specimens of the parasite were collected from naturally infected Columba livia kidneys, fixed and prepared for observation via bright field and differential interference contrast light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. The parasite has an elongated and flattened body, with a subterminal oral sucker located at the anterior end of the body, as observed by all techniques used. Staining the parasite with hematoxylin-eosin enabled observation of the pharynx, located posteriorly to the oral sucker, the vitelline glands, which are extra-cecal and extend anteriorly to the pre-ovarian region and later to the median region of the body, and intestinal caeca parallel to the vitelline glands. The presence and functionality of the acetabulum are controversial points in the literature, but it was observed in all specimens analyzed by scanning electron microscopy, with a major diameter of 38.36 ± 6.96 (28.77 - 45.39) and minor diameter of 31.59 ± 7.04 (21.75 - 38.16). Close to the acetabulum, scales were observed in the integument of the parasite. Scales with (1 - 5) blade divisions were identified. In the genital pore, it was possible to see the everted cirrus with rosette shape. The excretory pore (first morphometric record) is dorsal and subterminal, with major diameter of 12.27 ± 9.16 (5.79 - 18.75) and minor diameter of 3.95 ± 1.49 (2.89 - 5.00).

Paratanaisia bragai é um trematódeo digenético que atinge a maturidade sexual nos ductos coletores de aves domésticas e silvestres, enquanto os moluscos Subulina octona e Leptinaria unilamellata atuam como seus hospedeiros intermediários no Brasil. O presente estudo analisou a morfologia e morfometria de P. bragai. Amostras adultas do parasito foram coletadas de rins de Columba livia naturalmente infectada, fixadas e preparadas para observação na microscopia de campo claro e microscopia de luz de contraste de interferência diferencial e microscopia eletrônica de varredura. O parasite possui corpo alongado e achatado, com uma ventosa oral subterminal localizada na extremidade anterior do corpo, conforme observado por todas as técnicas utilizadas. A coloração do parasito com hematoxilina-eosina permitiu observar a faringe, localizada posteriormente à ventosa oral, as glândulas vitelogênicas, que são extracecais e estendem-se anteriormente à região pré-ovariana e posteriormente à região mediana do corpo, e os cecos intestinais paralelos às glândulas vitelinas. A presença e funcionalidade do acetábulo são pontos controversos na literatura, mas foi observado em todos os espécimes analisados por microscopia eletrônica de varredura, com diâmetro maior de 38.36 ± 6.96 (28.77 - 45.39) e diâmetro menor de 31.59 ± 7,04 (21.75 - 38.16). Próximo ao acetábulo foram observadas escamas no tegumento do parasito. Escamas com (1 - 5) divisões de lâmina foram identificadas. No poro genital, foi possível visualizar o cirro evertido com formato de roseta. O poro excretor (primeiro registro morfométrico) é dorsal e subterminal, com diâmetro maior de 12.27 ± 9.16 (5.79 - 18.75) e diâmetro menor de 3.95 ± 1.49 (2.89 - 5.00).

Morphology and morphometry of Paratanaisia bragai (Santos, 1934) Freitas, 1959 (Digenea, Eucotylidae) through light and scanning electron microscopy / Morfologia e morfometria de Paratanaisia bragai (Santos, 1934) Freitas, 1959 (Digenea, Eucotylidae) através da microscopia de luz e microscopiaeletrônica de varredura

Paratanaisia bragai is a digenetic trematode that reaches sexual maturity in the kidney collecting ducts of domestic and wild birds, while the snails Subulina octona and Leptinaria unilamellata serve as its intermediate hosts in Brazil. The present study analyzed the morphology and morphometry of P. bragai. Adult specimens of the parasite were collected from naturally infected Columba livia kidneys, fixed and prepared for observation via bright field and differential interference contrast light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. The parasite has an elongated and flattened body, with a subterminal oral sucker located at the anterior end of the body, as observed by all techniques used. Staining the parasite with hematoxylin-eosin enabled observation of the pharynx, located posteriorly to the oral sucker, the vitelline glands, which are extra-cecal and extend anteriorly to the pre-ovarian region and later to the median region of the body, and intestinal caeca parallel to the vitelline glands. The presence and functionality of the acetabulum are controversial points in the literature, but it was observed in all specimens analyzed by scanning electron microscopy, with a major diameter of 38.36 ± 6.96 (28.77 - 45.39) and minor diameter of 31.59 ± 7.04 (21.75 - 38.16). Close to the acetabulum, scales were observed in the integument of the parasite. Scales with (1 - 5) blade divisions were identified. In the genital pore, it was possible to see the everted cirrus with rosette shape. The excretory pore (first morphometric record) is dorsal and subterminal, with major diameter of 12.27 ± 9.16 (5.79 - 18.75) and minor diameter of 3.95 ± 1.49 (2.89 - 5.00).

Paratanaisia bragai é um trematódeo digenético que atinge a maturidade sexual nos ductos coletores de aves domésticas e silvestres, enquanto os moluscos Subulina octona e Leptinaria unilamellata atuam como seus hospedeiros intermediários no Brasil. O presente estudo analisou a morfologia e morfometria de P. bragai. Amostras adultas do parasito foram coletadas de rins de Columba livia naturalmente infectada, fixadas e preparadas para observação na microscopia de campo claro e microscopia de luz de contraste de interferência diferencial e microscopia eletrônica de varredura. O parasite possui corpo alongado e achatado, com uma ventosa oral subterminal localizada na extremidade anterior do corpo, conforme observado por todas as técnicas utilizadas. A coloração do parasito com hematoxilina-eosina permitiu observar a faringe, localizada posteriormente à ventosa oral, as glândulas vitelogênicas, que são extracecais e estendem-se anteriormente à região pré-ovariana e posteriormente à região mediana do corpo, e os cecos intestinais paralelos às glândulas vitelinas. A presença e funcionalidade do acetábulo são pontos controversos na literatura, mas foi observado em todos os espécimes analisados por microscopia eletrônica de varredura, com diâmetro maior de 38.36 ± 6.96 (28.77 - 45.39) e diâmetro menor de 31.59 ± 7,04 (21.75 - 38.16). Próximo ao acetábulo foram observadas escamas no tegumento do parasito. Escamas com (1 - 5) divisões de lâmina foram identificadas. No poro genital, foi possível visualizar o cirro evertido com formato de roseta. O poro excretor (primeiro registro morfométrico) é dorsal e subterminal, com diâmetro maior de 12.27 ± 9.16 (5.79 - 18.75) e diâmetro menor de 3.95 ± 1.49 (2.89 - 5.00).

Description of Lutziella swatensis sp.n. (Trematoda: Dicrocoelidae) from Rattus rattus in Swat, Pakistan

Abstract A new species of the genus Lutziella (Rohde, 1966) Yamaguti, 1971 is described here and named Lutziella swatensis sp.nov. from the liver of rat (Rattus rattus L.). The new species is characterized by having body flat, smooth, longer than broad with maximum width at the level of the ovary, oral sucker with weak musculature, pharynx small; eosophagus long; caeca of irregular shape which bifurcate on the anterior border of the ovary in to unequal portions, acetabulum weakly muscular, post-testicular, testes lobed, cirrus pouch somewhat median, small in size containing winding seminal vesicle, prostatic complex and short ejaculatory duct. Genital pore median. Ovary post testicular, submedian; seminal receptacle overlapping ovary, laurers canal present. Vitellaria follicular extending on each side from almost the level of testes to anterior portion of posterior half of the body. Uterus filled with eggs occupying most of the body, eggs oval rather small, numerous, brownish in colour, excretory vesicle tubular with terminal pore. Lutziella swatensis n. sp. is the second species of the genus known from Pakistan as well as the second species described from murid rodents in the world.

Resumo Uma nova espécie do gênero Lutziella (Rohde, 1966) Yamaguti, 1971 é descrita aqui e denominada Lutziella swatensis sp.nov. do fígado do rato (Rattus rattus L.). A nova espécie é caracterizada por ter corpo liso, liso, mais longo que largo com largura máxima ao nível do ovário, otário oral com musculatura débil, faringe pequena; eosôfago longo; ceco de forma irregular que se bifurca na borda anterior do ovário em porções desiguais, acetábulo fracamente muscular, pós-testicular, testículos lobados, bolsa cirrus um pouco mediana, pequeno em tamanho contendo vesícula seminal sinuosa, complexo prostático e ducto ejaculatório curto. Mediana dos poros genitais. Ovário pós testicular, submediano; ovário sobreposto do receptáculo seminal, canal de laurer presente. Vitellaria folicular que se estende de cada lado de quase o nível dos testículos para a porção anterior da metade posterior do corpo. Útero cheio de ovos que ocupam a maior parte do corpo, oval ovos bastante pequenos, numerosos, de cor acastanhada, vesícula excretor tubular com poro terminal. Lutziella swatensis n. sp. é a segunda espécie do gênero conhecida do Paquistão, bem como a segunda espécie descrita de roedores do mundo.

Description of Lutziella swatensis sp.n. (Trematoda: Dicrocoelidae) from Rattus rattus in Swat, Pakistan / Descrição de Lutziella swatensis sp.n. (Trematoda: Dicrocoelidae) de Rattus rattus em Swat, Paquistão

A new species of the genus Lutziella (Rohde, 1966) Yamaguti, 1971 is described here and named Lutziella swatensis sp.nov. from the liver of rat (Rattus rattus L.). The new species is characterized by having body flat, smooth, longer than broad with maximum width at the level of the ovary, oral sucker with weak musculature, pharynx small; eosophagus long; caeca of irregular shape which bifurcate on the anterior border of the ovary in to unequal portions, acetabulum weakly muscular, post-testicular, testes lobed, cirrus pouch somewhat median, small in size containing winding seminal vesicle, prostatic complex and short ejaculatory duct. Genital pore median. Ovary post testicular, submedian; seminal receptacle overlapping ovary, laurer's canal present. Vitellaria follicular extending on each side from almost the level of testes to anterior portion of posterior half of the body. Uterus filled with eggs occupying most of the body, eggs oval rather small, numerous, brownish in colour, excretory vesicle tubular with terminal pore. Lutziella swatensis n. sp. is the second species of the genus known from Pakistan as well as the second species described from murid rodents in the world.

Uma nova espécie do gênero Lutziella (Rohde, 1966) Yamaguti, 1971 é descrita aqui e denominada Lutziella swatensis sp.nov. do fígado do rato (Rattus rattus L.). A nova espécie é caracterizada por ter corpo liso, liso, mais longo que largo com largura máxima ao nível do ovário, otário oral com musculatura débil, faringe pequena; eosôfago longo; ceco de forma irregular que se bifurca na borda anterior do ovário em porções desiguais, acetábulo fracamente muscular, pós-testicular, testículos lobados, bolsa cirrus um pouco mediana, pequeno em tamanho contendo vesícula seminal sinuosa, complexo prostático e ducto ejaculatório curto. Mediana dos poros genitais. Ovário pós testicular, submediano; ovário sobreposto do receptáculo seminal, canal de laurer presente. Vitellaria folicular que se estende de cada lado de quase o nível dos testículos para a porção anterior da metade posterior do corpo. Útero cheio de ovos que ocupam a maior parte do corpo, oval ovos bastante pequenos, numerosos, de cor acastanhada, vesícula excretor tubular com poro terminal. Lutziella swatensis n. sp. é a segunda espécie do gênero conhecida do Paquistão, bem como a segunda espécie descrita de roedores do mundo.

Description of Lutziella swatensis sp. n (Trematoda: Dicrocoelidae) from Rattus rattus in Swat, Pakistan / Descrição de Lutziella swatensis sp. n (Trematoda: Dicrocoelidae) de Rattus rattus em Swat, Paquistão

A new species of the genus Lutziella (Rohde, 1966) Yamaguti, 1971 is described here and named Lutziella swatensis sp.nov. from the liver of rat (Rattus rattus L.). The new species is characterized by having body flat, smooth, longer than broad with maximum width at the level of the ovary, oral sucker with weak musculature, pharynx small; eosophagus long; caeca of irregular shape which bifurcate on the anterior border of the ovary in to unequal portions, acetabulum weakly muscular, post-testicular, testes lobed, cirrus pouch somewhat median, small in size containing winding seminal vesicle, prostatic complex and short ejaculatory duct. Genital pore median. Ovary post testicular, submedian; seminal receptacle overlapping ovary, laurer’s canal present. Vitellaria follicular extending on each side from almost the level of testes to anterior portion of posterior half of the body. Uterus filled with eggs occupying most of the body, eggs oval rather small, numerous, brownish in colour, excretory vesicle tubular with terminal pore. Lutziella swatensis n. sp. is the second species of the genus known from Pakistan as well as the second species described from murid rodents in the world.

Uma nova espécie do gênero Lutziella (Rohde, 1966) Yamaguti, 1971 é descrita aqui e denominada Lutziella swatensis sp.nov. do fígado do rato (Rattus rattus L.). A nova espécie é caracterizada por ter corpo liso, liso, mais longo que largo com largura máxima ao nível do ovário, otário oral com musculatura débil, faringe pequena; eosôfago longo; ceco de forma irregular que se bifurca na borda anterior do ovário em porções desiguais, acetábulo fracamente muscular, pós-testicular, testículos lobados, bolsa cirrus um pouco mediana, pequeno em tamanho contendo vesícula seminal sinuosa, complexo prostático e ducto ejaculatório curto. Mediana dos poros genitais. Ovário pós testicular, submediano; ovário sobreposto do receptáculo seminal, canal de laurer presente. Vitellaria folicular que se estende de cada lado de quase o nível dos testículos para a porção anterior da metade posterior do corpo. Útero cheio de ovos que ocupam a maior parte do corpo, oval ovos bastante pequenos, numerosos, de cor acastanhada, vesícula excretor tubular com poro terminal. Lutziella swatensis n. sp. é a segunda espécie do gênero conhecida do Paquistão, bem como a segunda espécie descrita de roedores do mundo.

Osteotomia tripla da pelve por meio de acesso cirúrgico duplo em cães com displasia coxofemoral / Triple pelvic osteotomy through double surgical access in dogs with coxofemoral dysplasia / Triple osteotomía pélvica mediante doble acceso quirúrgico en perros con displasia coxofemoral

A displasia coxofemoral (DCF) é uma alteração ortopédica muito comum nos cães, caracterizada por frouxidão da articulação coxofemoral, com consequente osteoartrose. A osteotomia tripla da pelve (TPO) é um dos procedimentos ortopédicos elegíveis como tratamento da DCF. Por necessitar de três abordagens cirúrgicas, a TPO é considerada uma técnica complexa, não isenta de complicações na abordagem do isquio. Esta pesquisa teve por objetivo relatar e avaliar a realização da TPO através de apenas dois acessos cirúrgicos, possibilitando executar a osteotomia isquiática através do acesso púbico ventral. Foram operados 10 cães com diagnóstico clinico e radiológico de DCF. Para a secção da mesa isquiática utilizou-se um cinzel de rinotomia com a extremidade apoiada na borda isquiática da face caudal do forame obturador. Ante os bons resultados radiológicos e clínicos pós-operatórios, conclui- se que é possivel a realização da osteotomia do isquio na TPO, através do acesso púbico ventral, oferecendo proventos cirúrgicos. (AU)

Hip dysplasia (HD) is an ordinary dog orthopedic disorder concerning osteoarthritis following hip joint laxity. Among eligible procedures to treat this condition, triple pelvic osteotomy (TPO) is a complex technique involving three surgical interventions. This paper reports and evaluates TPO execution using only two surgical accesses to perform a sciatic osteotomy through the pelvic ventral area. Ten suitable for TPO surgery dogs, clinically and radiologically diagnosed were the subject of this study. For the section of the ischial surface, a rhinotome was used with the tip resting on the ischial edge of the caudal surface of the obturator foramen. The experience revealed pelvic ventral area access availability regarding TPO ischial ostectomy with good clinical and radiological outcomes.(AU)

La displasia de cadera (CHD) es un trastorno ortopédico muy común en perros, caracterizado por laxitud de esa articulación con la consiguiente osteoartrosis. La ostectomia pélvica triple (TPO) es uno de los procedimientos ortopédicos elegibles como tratamiento para la CHD. Al requerir tres abordajes quirúrgicos, la TPO se considera una técnica compleja, no exenta de complicaciones en el abordaje del isquion. Esta investigación tuvo como objetivo informar y evaluar la realización de la TPO a través de sólo dos accesos quirúrgicos, posibilitando la realización de la osteotomia isquiática a través del acceso ventral del pubis. Se operaron diez perros con diagnóstico clínico y radiológico de CHD. Para la sección de la mesa isquiática se utilizó un rinotomo con la punta apoyada en el borde isquiático de la superficie caudal del agujero obturador. En vista de los buenos resultados postoperatorios clínicos y radiológicos, se concluye que es posible realizar una osteotomia isquiática en la TPO, a través del acceso ventral púbico, ofreciendo beneficios quirúrgicos.(AU)

Description of Lutziella swatensis sp. n (Trematoda: Dicrocoelidae) from Rattus rattus in Swat, Pakistan / Descrição de Lutziella swatensis sp. n (Trematoda: Dicrocoelidae) de Rattus rattus em Swat, Paquistão

A new species of the genus Lutziella (Rohde, 1966) Yamaguti, 1971 is described here and named Lutziella swatensis sp.nov. from the liver of rat (Rattus rattus L.). The new species is characterized by having body flat, smooth, longer than broad with maximum width at the level of the ovary, oral sucker with weak musculature, pharynx small; eosophagus long; caeca of irregular shape which bifurcate on the anterior border of the ovary in to unequal portions, acetabulum weakly muscular, post-testicular, testes lobed, cirrus pouch somewhat median, small in size containing winding seminal vesicle, prostatic complex and short ejaculatory duct. Genital pore median. Ovary post testicular, submedian; seminal receptacle overlapping ovary, laurers canal present. Vitellaria follicular extending on each side from almost the level of testes to anterior portion of posterior half of the body. Uterus filled with eggs occupying most of the body, eggs oval rather small, numerous, brownish in colour, excretory vesicle tubular with terminal pore. Lutziella swatensis n. sp. is the second species of the genus known from Pakistan as well as the second species described from murid rodents in the world.(AU)

Uma nova espécie do gênero Lutziella (Rohde, 1966) Yamaguti, 1971 é descrita aqui e denominada Lutziella swatensis sp.nov. do fígado do rato (Rattus rattus L.). A nova espécie é caracterizada por ter corpo liso, liso, mais longo que largo com largura máxima ao nível do ovário, otário oral com musculatura débil, faringe pequena; eosôfago longo; ceco de forma irregular que se bifurca na borda anterior do ovário em porções desiguais, acetábulo fracamente muscular, pós-testicular, testículos lobados, bolsa cirrus um pouco mediana, pequeno em tamanho contendo vesícula seminal sinuosa, complexo prostático e ducto ejaculatório curto. Mediana dos poros genitais. Ovário pós testicular, submediano; ovário sobreposto do receptáculo seminal, canal de laurer presente. Vitellaria folicular que se estende de cada lado de quase o nível dos testículos para a porção anterior da metade posterior do corpo. Útero cheio de ovos que ocupam a maior parte do corpo, oval ovos bastante pequenos, numerosos, de cor acastanhada, vesícula excretor tubular com poro terminal. Lutziella swatensis n. sp. é a segunda espécie do gênero conhecida do Paquistão, bem como a segunda espécie descrita de roedores do mundo.(AU)

Sinfisiodese púbica juvenil associada à miectomia do pectíneo para tratamento de displasia coxofemoral em cão / Juvenile pubic symphysiodesis associated with pectineus myectomy for treatment of hip dysplasia in dog

Background: Hip dysplasia (HD) is the most common non-traumatic orthopedic disease in large breed dogs. Treatment is chosen according to the severity of the condition, the age of the dog and the involvement of osteoarthritis (OA). For puppies up to 20-weeks-old, surgical treatment by the juvenile pubic symphysiodesis (JPS) technique can be performed. This procedure promotes the ventrolateral rotation of the acetabulum over the femoral head, which improves hip joint congruence and stability. The objective of this study is to report the case of a young dog with HD treated with JPS and pectineus myectomy. Clinical and radiographic outcomes were assessed for up to one year after surgery. Case: A 17-week-old Saint Bernard puppy was attended at the University Veterinary Hospital showing abnormal weight bearing and lameness in pelvic limbs, without history of previous trauma. On orthopedic examination, there was a marked hypotrophy of the pelvic limb muscles, severe pain and laxity in the hip joints, and positive feature in the Ortolani test. The hip joint subluxation angle (SA) and reduction angle (RA) were measured. A radiographic study was carried out to evaluate the hip joints and measure the Norberg angle (NA), distraction index (DI), acetabular angle (AA) and dorsal acetabular rim angle (DARA). The 20-week-old dog underwent surgical treatment by JPS technique. A ventral surgical approach to the pubis was performed and the pubic symphysis was cauterized with electrocautery. Partial pectineus myectomy technique was also performed. Drug therapy and restriction of physical activities were indicated in the early postoperative. The dog was evaluated by clinical and radiographic examinations at 4 months and 1 year after the surgical procedure. In the reassessment after 4 months of surgical treatment, the patient showed improvement in clinical signs, with mild lameness and absence of painful sensitivity in the movement of the hip joints. Radiographically, hip joint incongruity was observed, but with progressive improvement in the values of the measured variables. In the clinical examination 1 year after the procedure, the dog showed satisfactory weight bearing with slight lameness in pelvic limbs in the running gait. There was improvement in the thigh muscles and no painful signs were observed in the hip joints, but a positive result was detected in the Ortolani test. In the radiographic examination, bilateral articular incongruity was still observed, however, there was a mild improvement in the coverage of the acetabulum over the femoral head. The measured angles and indices showed favorable results regarding the recovery of hip joint stability and proper development. Discussion: Studies evaluating the JPS technique for the treatment of HD have shown to be a relatively simple and effective procedure, which allows altering the acetabular coverage, reducing the development of HD and the progression of OA. The need for an early diagnosis of this condition is essential, so that the JPS technique can be used in young dogs and offer effective results. In the present report, in the late postoperative period, the dog showed improvement in clinical signs, with favorable weight bearing and ambulation in pelvic limbs, recovery of limb muscles, absence of pain in the hip joints and decrease in RA and SA. Radiographically, the reduction in joint subluxation, improvement in acetabular coverage over femoral heads, increase in NA and AA, reduction in DI and DARA are evidence of the favorable outcome of ventrolateral rotation of the acetabulum after surgical treatment. The surgical technique used was effective, which enabled the dog to recover the functional use of the pelvic limbs and improve the quality of life.

Cotylophoron marajoensis n. sp. (Digenea: Paramphistomidae) a parasite of Bubalus bubalis on Marajó Island, Pará, Brazilian Amazon / Cotylophoron marajoensis n. sp. (Digenea: Paramphistomidae) parasito de Bubalus bubalis na Ilha de Marajó, Pará, Amazônia Brasileira

The genus Cotylophoron belongs to the Paramphistomidae family and its definitive hosts are ruminants in general. This work describes the presence of a new species of the gender, a parasite in the rumen and reticulum of Bubalus bubalis, on Marajó Island in the Eastern Brazilian Amazon, using of light microscopy, scanning electronic microscopy and molecular biology techniques. One hundred and ten animals were analyzed, of which 4.54% were parasitized by flukes in their adult forms. The helminths were found fixed to the ruminal mucosa and present Liorchis-type pharynx, Cotylophoron-type genital sucker, oblique testicles larger than the ovary, uterus in rings full of eggs and Cotylophoron-type acetabulum. These morphologic characters do not fit into any previously described species. Thus, it is proposed that this is a new species in the genus Cotylophoron. The present work expands the record of parasitism by helminths in Bubalus bubalis, this being the first record of trematoda from the genus Cotylophoron for this host in the Brazilian Amazon.(AU)

O gênero Cotylophoron pertence à família Paramphistomidae e possui como hospedeiros definitivos ruminantes em geral. Este trabalho descreve a presença de uma espécie nova do gênero, parasito do rúmen e retículo de Bubalus bubalis, na Ilha de Marajó, Amazônia oriental brasileira, a partir das técnicas de microscopia de luz, microscopia eletrônica de varredura e biologia molecular. Foram analisados 110 animais, dos quais 4,54% estavam parasitados por trematódeos na sua forma adulta. Os helmintos foram encontrados fixados à mucosa ruminal, apresentando faringe do tipo Liorchis, ventosa genital do tipo Cotylophoron, testículos oblíquos maiores que o ovário, útero em alças repleto de ovos, e acetábulo do tipo Cotylophoron. Estes caracteres morfológicos não se enquadram em nenhuma espécie previamente descrita. Assim, propõe-se uma nova espécie ao gênero Cotylophoron. O presente trabalho amplia o registro do parasitismo por helmintos em Bubalus bubalis, sendo este o primeiro registro de trematódeos do gênero Cotylophoron nesse hospedeiro para a Amazônia brasileira.(AU)

Denervação articular aberta em cadela / Open articular denervation in bitch

A displasia coxofemoral (DCF) é uma afecção de cães e gatos definida como uma doença hereditária biomecânica ou adquirida, representada pela disparidade entre a massa muscular primária e o rápido crescimento ósseo, que pode levar à doença articular degenerativa (DAD). Com a evolução do quadro, os animais apresentarão perda da cartilagem, evoluindo para um desgaste, deformação da cabeça do fêmur e do acetábulo, levando a um quadro de dor e dificuldade de locomoção. O objetivo do presente trabalho foi relatar uma abordagem cirúrgica como tratamento de DCF e DAD de uma cadela da raça labrador. O diagnóstico foi obtido através do histórico, exame físico e exame radiológico. Na radiografia verificouse diminuição de espaço articular em ambos os membros posteriores, artrose do quadril e sub-luxação. O tratamento definitivo instituído para a correção da DCF foi a intervenção cirúrgica usando a técnica de denervação coxofemoral com abordagem aberta, com principal objetivo de amenizar a dor, prevenir a progressão da enfermidade articular degenerativa e restaurar a função normal da articulação. O tratamento se mostrou eficiente, garantindo conforto ao paciente e retorno da função articular e dos membros.

Hip dysplasia (DCF) is a condition of dogs and cats defined as a hereditary biomechanical or acquired disease, represented by the disparity between primary muscle mass and rapid bone growth, which can lead to degenerative joint disease (DAD). With the development of the condition, these animals will present loss of cartilage, evolving to a wear and tear, and deformation of the head of the femur and acetabulum, leading to a picture of pain and difficulty in locomotion. The aim of the present study was to report a surgical approach as treatment of DCF and DAD of a Labrador bitch. The diagnosis is obtained through history, physical examination and radiological examination. Radiography revealed decreased joint space in both hind limbs, hip arthrosis and sub-dislocation. The definitive treatment instituted for the correction of FDD was surgical intervention using the hip denervation technique with open approach, with the main objective of alleviating pain, preventing the progression of degenerative joint disease and restoring normal joint function. The treatment proved to be efficient, ensuring patient comfort and return of joint and limb function.

Denervação articular aberta em cadela / Open articular denervation in bitch

A displasia coxofemoral (DCF) é uma afecção de cães e gatos definida como uma doença hereditária biomecânica ou adquirida, representada pela disparidade entre a massa muscular primária e o rápido crescimento ósseo, que pode levar à doença articular degenerativa (DAD). Com a evolução do quadro, os animais apresentarão perda da cartilagem, evoluindo para um desgaste, deformação da cabeça do fêmur e do acetábulo, levando a um quadro de dor e dificuldade de locomoção. O objetivo do presente trabalho foi relatar uma abordagem cirúrgica como tratamento de DCF e DAD de uma cadela da raça labrador. O diagnóstico foi obtido através do histórico, exame físico e exame radiológico. Na radiografia verificouse diminuição de espaço articular em ambos os membros posteriores, artrose do quadril e sub-luxação. O tratamento definitivo instituído para a correção da DCF foi a intervenção cirúrgica usando a técnica de denervação coxofemoral com abordagem aberta, com principal objetivo de amenizar a dor, prevenir a progressão da enfermidade articular degenerativa e restaurar a função normal da articulação. O tratamento se mostrou eficiente, garantindo conforto ao paciente e retorno da função articular e dos membros.(AU)

Hip dysplasia (DCF) is a condition of dogs and cats defined as a hereditary biomechanical or acquired disease, represented by the disparity between primary muscle mass and rapid bone growth, which can lead to degenerative joint disease (DAD). With the development of the condition, these animals will present loss of cartilage, evolving to a wear and tear, and deformation of the head of the femur and acetabulum, leading to a picture of pain and difficulty in locomotion. The aim of the present study was to report a surgical approach as treatment of DCF and DAD of a Labrador bitch. The diagnosis is obtained through history, physical examination and radiological examination. Radiography revealed decreased joint space in both hind limbs, hip arthrosis and sub-dislocation. The definitive treatment instituted for the correction of FDD was surgical intervention using the hip denervation technique with open approach, with the main objective of alleviating pain, preventing the progression of degenerative joint disease and restoring normal joint function. The treatment proved to be efficient, ensuring patient comfort and return of joint and limb function.(AU)

Isometry of potential attachment sites for the iliotrochanteric suture in dogs: an ex vivo study

Background: Coxofemoral luxation is the most common traumatic luxation in dogs and the iliotrochanteric suture is one of the surgical treatment options. The orthopedic suture aimed at surgically restoring joint movement should be employed in an isometric manner in order to maintain adequate tension throughout the arc of motion. This study aimed to determine the isometric points for the iliotrochanteric suture in dogs during the joint extension and flexion movements. This evaluation was performed both in the intact hip joint and in the luxation model, establishing the best combination, among the determined points, for the reestablishment of normal joint movement. Materials, Methods & Results: Radiographic analyses of 12 canine cadaveric hips, both intact and in craniodorsal luxation model, were performed in a neutral position, flexion at 50°, and extension at 150°. In the trochanteric segment, two parallel lines were drawn, creating the central vertical axis and the secondary vertical axis. Three points were then determined on each axis, from proximal to distal, corresponding to 25, 50, and 75% of the height of the axis, and were labelled as T1, T2, and T3 and T4, T5, and T6, respectively. In the iliac segment, a line perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the ilium was drawn, and 25, 50, and 75% of this height corresponded to points I1, I2, and I3, respectively. The lengths between the points were measured, with the objective of evaluating which combination of points presented less variation in the joint positions. The central location of the iliac and trochanteric segments, determined respectively by I2 and T2, provided smaller variations during the maximal movements of hip flexion and extension. Discussion: The surgical techniques of iliotrochanteric suture target to maintain the internal rotation of the femoral head inside the acetabulum and abduction of the femur until...

Colocefalectomia para o tratamento de fratura fisária da cabeça do fêmur em pônei / Colocephalectomy for the treatment of capital physeal fracture of the femoral head in pony

Background: Femoral capital physeal fractures occur in young animals and are generally associated with trauma. They have apoor prognosis and surgical therapy is the most indicated. There are few studies describing surgical treatment and postoperative results, so the objective of the present report was to present the first case in Brazil of a colocefalectomy for the treatmentof femoral capital physeal fracture in a young pony, the post-surgical and the results obtained with the technique employed.Case: An 18-month-old pony, male, not castrated, , weighing 136 kg was referred to the Veterinary Hospital of the FederalUniversity of Paraná (HV-UFPR) with a history of trauma for 4 days. On physical examination, the animal presented lamenessgrade 5 of the right pelvic limb, shortening and lateral deviation of the limb, crackling and painful sensation on abduction, andslight atrophy of the gluteal muscles on the affected side. In the radiographic examination, a femoral capital physeal fracturewas found in the oblique ventro-dorsal projection. Once the diagnosis was performed, a colocefalectomy was realized, as thepatient is a light and short horse. The patient underwent general anesthesia and was placed in the left lateral position. The accessto the coxofemoral joint was made through the lateral face of the right hindlimb. The muscles of the region were incised anddeviated, so a partial myotomy was performed in the deep gluteal and vastus lateralis. This procedure allowed to visualize thefracture, where the head of the femur remained congruent to the acetabulum. A hammer and a curved osteotome were usedto section the round ligament, allowing the dislocation of the femoral head and with the aid of an oscillating orthopedic sawwas performed the femoral neck ostectomy. Previously to the synthesis of the muscular planes and the skin, a passive tubular...

Colocefalectomia para o tratamento de fratura fisária da cabeça do fêmur em pônei / Colocephalectomy for the treatment of capital physeal fracture of the femoral head in pony

Background: Femoral capital physeal fractures occur in young animals and are generally associated with trauma. They have apoor prognosis and surgical therapy is the most indicated. There are few studies describing surgical treatment and postoperative results, so the objective of the present report was to present the first case in Brazil of a colocefalectomy for the treatmentof femoral capital physeal fracture in a young pony, the post-surgical and the results obtained with the technique employed.Case: An 18-month-old pony, male, not castrated, , weighing 136 kg was referred to the Veterinary Hospital of the FederalUniversity of Paraná (HV-UFPR) with a history of trauma for 4 days. On physical examination, the animal presented lamenessgrade 5 of the right pelvic limb, shortening and lateral deviation of the limb, crackling and painful sensation on abduction, andslight atrophy of the gluteal muscles on the affected side. In the radiographic examination, a femoral capital physeal fracturewas found in the oblique ventro-dorsal projection. Once the diagnosis was performed, a colocefalectomy was realized, as thepatient is a light and short horse. The patient underwent general anesthesia and was placed in the left lateral position. The accessto the coxofemoral joint was made through the lateral face of the right hindlimb. The muscles of the region were incised anddeviated, so a partial myotomy was performed in the deep gluteal and vastus lateralis. This procedure allowed to visualize thefracture, where the head of the femur remained congruent to the acetabulum. A hammer and a curved osteotome were usedto section the round ligament, allowing the dislocation of the femoral head and with the aid of an oscillating orthopedic sawwas performed the femoral neck ostectomy. Previously to the synthesis of the muscular planes and the skin, a passive tubular...(AU)

Evaluation of the racial difference in body condition score and parameters of lipid metabolism in Purebred Arabian horses and Thoroughbred horses trained for racing / Avaliação da diferença racial na condição de escore corporal e parâmetros do metabolismo lipídico em cavalos Puro Sangue Árabes e Puro Sangue Ingleses treinados para corrida

This study investigated the existence of difference of fat deposition and lipid metabolism in horses with different races and skills that were used for the same kind of sport. 20 Purebred Arabian and 20 Thoroughbred horses trained for flat race were evaluated. The analyses performed were body condition score, weight and blood collected for determination of triglycerides, total cholesterol and non-esterified fatty acids. Ultrasonography of the thickness of the subcutaneous fat layer was performed on the Longissimus dorsi muscle between the 17th and 18th rib, the thickness of the subcutaneous fat layer on the Gluteus medius muscle using the acetabulum as reference, and the cross section of the same muscle. Race-trained Arabian horses showed greater fat layer deposition in the Gluteus medius and Longissimus dorsei muscles than Thoroughbred horses. These facts indicate that there is a metabolic difference, besides the phenotype, between the races. They also indicate the need to study specific physical conditioning programs for each kind of race.(AU)

Foi investigada a existência de diferença na deposição de gordura e no metabolismo lipídico em cavalos de duas raças distintas, com aptidões diferentes, porém, utilizadas para o mesmo esporte. Foram avaliados 20 cavalos Puro Sangue Árabe e 20 cavalos Puro Sangue Ingleses treinados para corrida. As avaliações foram escore de condição corporal, peso e colheita de sangue para determinação de triglicerídeos, colesterol total e ácidos graxos não esterificados. Foi realizada a ultrassonografia da espessura de camada de gordura subcutânea sobre o músculo Longissimus dorsi entre a 17º e 18º costela, a espessura de camada de gordura subcutânea sobre o músculo glúteo médio utilizando o acetábulo como referência e o corte transversal do mesmo músculo. Os cavalos Árabes de corrida apresentaram maior deposição de gordura na camada subcutânea dos músculos glúteo médio e Longissimus dorsei que os cavalos Puro Sangue Ingleses. Tais fatos indicam uma diferença racial que o treinamento, ainda que semelhante a todos, não foi capaz de igualar.(AU)

Evaluation of the racial difference in body condition score and parameters of lipid metabolism in Purebred Arabian horses and Thoroughbred horses trained for racing / Avaliação da diferença racial na condição de escore corporal e parâmetros do metabolismo lipídico em cavalos Puro Sangue Árabes e Puro Sangue Ingleses treinados para corrida

This study investigated the existence of difference of fat deposition and lipid metabolism in horses with different races and skills that were used for the same kind of sport. 20 Purebred Arabian and 20 Thoroughbred horses trained for flat race were evaluated. The analyses performed were body condition score, weight and blood collected for determination of triglycerides, total cholesterol and non-esterified fatty acids. Ultrasonography of the thickness of the subcutaneous fat layer was performed on the Longissimus dorsi muscle between the 17th and 18th rib, the thickness of the subcutaneous fat layer on the Gluteus medius muscle using the acetabulum as reference, and the cross section of the same muscle. Race-trained Arabian horses showed greater fat layer deposition in the Gluteus medius and Longissimus dorsei muscles than Thoroughbred horses. These facts indicate that there is a metabolic difference, besides the phenotype, between the races. They also indicate the need to study specific physical conditioning programs for each kind of race.(AU)

Foi investigada a existência de diferença na deposição de gordura e no metabolismo lipídico em cavalos de duas raças distintas, com aptidões diferentes, porém, utilizadas para o mesmo esporte. Foram avaliados 20 cavalos Puro Sangue Árabe e 20 cavalos Puro Sangue Ingleses treinados para corrida. As avaliações foram escore de condição corporal, peso e colheita de sangue para determinação de triglicerídeos, colesterol total e ácidos graxos não esterificados. Foi realizada a ultrassonografia da espessura de camada de gordura subcutânea sobre o músculo Longissimus dorsi entre a 17º e 18º costela, a espessura de camada de gordura subcutânea sobre o músculo glúteo médio utilizando o acetábulo como referência e o corte transversal do mesmo músculo. Os cavalos Árabes de corrida apresentaram maior deposição de gordura na camada subcutânea dos músculos glúteo médio e Longissimus dorsei que os cavalos Puro Sangue Ingleses. Tais fatos indicam uma diferença racial que o treinamento, ainda que semelhante a todos, não foi capaz de igualar.(AU)

Morphological and morphometric study of pre-ovigerous and post-ovigerous adults of Tanaisia (Paratanaisia) bragai (Santos, 1934) (Digenea, Eucotylidae)

The aim of this study was to obtain data on the morphology and morphometry of pre-ovigerous and post-ovigerous adults of the species Tanaisia (Paratanaisia) bragai, using confocal laser scanning microscopy to obtain tomographic images of the suckers and tegument. For morphometric analysis, 45 specimens (30 pre-ovigerous adults and 15 post-ovigerous adults) were measured with the aid of an ocular micrometer coupled to the objective of a photonic microscope. Pre-ovigerous and post-ovigerous adult individuals, stained with Mair carmalumen and mounted in permanent preparations, were analyzed by means of confocal laser scanning microscopy. Positive correlation was detected between the body length and ovary length of postovigerous adults (rs: 0.774; p< 0.05), the body length and the length of uterus (rs: 0.839; p< 0,01) and between the ovary width and egg length (rs: 0.777; p p<0.01). Morphological study of the pre-ovigerous adults demonstrated that the ovary and testes develop simultaneously before the development of the uterus and vitelline glands. The acetabulum was detected in pre-ovigerous adults stained with hematoxilin and observed using light microscopy. In these specimens, the acetabulum measured 36.7 ± 6.9 µm (25-50 µm) in width and 39.91 ± 6.8 µm (25-55 µm) in length. The acetabulum was not detected in post-ovigerous adults observed with light microscopy. However, this structure was detected using confocal miscrocopy. In the post-ovigerous specimens, the acetabulum presented a reduced size compared to the pre-ovigerous adults. This may imply that this structure has more functional significance in the larval and pre-ovigerous stages.(AU)

Morphological and morphometric study of pre-ovigerous and post-ovigerous adults of Tanaisia (Paratanaisia) bragai (Santos, 1934) (Digenea, Eucotylidae)

The aim of this study was to obtain data on the morphology and morphometry of pre-ovigerous and post-ovigerous adults of the species Tanaisia (Paratanaisia) bragai, using confocal laser scanning microscopy to obtain tomographic images of the suckers and tegument. For morphometric analysis, 45 specimens (30 pre-ovigerous adults and 15 post-ovigerous adults) were measured with the aid of an ocular micrometer coupled to the objective of a photonic microscope. Pre-ovigerous and post-ovigerous adult individuals, stained with Mair carmalumen and mounted in permanent preparations, were analyzed by means of confocal laser scanning microscopy. Positive correlation was detected between the body length and ovary length of postovigerous adults (rs: 0.774; p< 0.05), the body length and the length of uterus (rs: 0.839; p< 0,01) and between the ovary width and egg length (rs: 0.777; p p<0.01). Morphological study of the pre-ovigerous adults demonstrated that the ovary and testes develop simultaneously before the development of the uterus and vitelline glands. The acetabulum was detected in pre-ovigerous adults stained with hematoxilin and observed using light microscopy. In these specimens, the acetabulum measured 36.7 ± 6.9 µm (25-50 µm) in width and 39.91 ± 6.8 µm (25-55 µm) in length. The acetabulum was not detected in post-ovigerous adults observed with light microscopy. However, this structure was detected using confocal miscrocopy. In the post-ovigerous specimens, the acetabulum presented a reduced size compared to the pre-ovigerous adults. This may imply that this structure has more functional significance in the larval and pre-ovigerous stages.

Total hemipelvectomy in a cat with osteoblastic osteosarcoma / Hemipelvectomia total em um gato com osteossarcoma osteoblástico

Background: Osteosarcoma (OSA) is a malignant neoplasm of mesenchymal tissue that exhibits various histological features and a differentiated biological clinical behavior.The combination of clinical, radiological, and histopathological features is important for diagnosis. Surgical treatment of neoplasms with pelvic involvement is a challenge.Primary bone tumors are rare in cats and are mostly reported in older animals. The objective of this paper was to report the case of a feline subjected to total hemipelvectomy as primary treatment of pelvic OSA; the surgical technique and histological analysis of the tumor are described.No signs of recurrence were seen during seven months of follow-up. Case: A 4-year-old female mixed breed cat weighing 3 kg was presented with a one year history of increased volume on the hip joint region. Palpation of the increased volume on the hip showed a firm, adhered, and painful mass. Radiographic examination of the pelvis in the dorso ventral projection exhibited a severe osteoblastic bone reaction on the proximal femur, as well as marked periosteal reaction of the hip joint with involvement of the acetabulum. A ventral approach total hemipelvectomy technique was adopted for excision of the tumor. The animal was placed on a lateral position and a circumferential skin incision was performed on the ipsilateral limb of the affected hemipelvis, on the [...](AU)