Achados anatomopatológicos em quatro bovinos necropsiados no estado do Espírito Santo, no período de 10 meses / Anatomopathological findings in four cattles necropsied in state of Espirito Santo, within 10 months

As enfermidades são problemas frequentes na bovinocultura, com grande destaque para as causas infecciosas. Em muitos casos, o médico veterinário é requisitado para realizar o exame post mortem dos animais à campo, logo, deve ter conhecimento prévio das doenças mais prevalentes naquela região e, mediante uma suspeita, de quais órgãos e/ou materiais coletar para a realização de exames complementares. Com isso, o objetivo do presente trabalho é relatar os achados macroscópicos e histopatológicos, bem como, estabelecer a causa da morte em quatro bovinos necropsiados pelo setor de patologia animal da UVV-ES, no período de 10 meses. Um caso de babesiose cerebral foi diagnosticado e em outro caso, baseado nos achados anatomopatológicos, o diagnóstico do complexo tristeza parasitária bovina foi sugerido. Salmonelose septicêmica e desnutrição também foram diagnosticados. Apesar do número reduzido de casos, espera-se que o presente estudo seja o início de uma linha investigativa para futuras pesquisas sobre as causas de mortalidade em bovinos no estado do Espírito Santo.

Diseases are a frequent problem in cattle breeding, with great emphasis to infectious aetiology pathologies. In most cases, the veterinarian is requested to perform the post mortem exam in the field, and for that it is required a previous knowledge of the most prevalent cattle diseases in that specific area and upon suspicion, which organs and/or materials must be collected in order to perform complementary tests. Thereby, the aim of the present study is to report the gross and histopathological findings in four cattle necropsied by the Animal Pathology Department from UVV within a 10- month period. A case of cerebral babesiosis was diagnosed and in other case, according with the anatomopathological findings, bovine parasitic sadness was suggested. Septicemic salmonellosis and malnutrition were also diagnosed. Despite the small number of cases, it is expected that the present study will be the beginning of an investigative line for future research on the causes of mortality in cattle in state of Espirito Santo.

Achados anatomopatológicos em quatro bovinos necropsiados no estado do Espírito Santo, no período de 10 meses / Anatomopathological findings in four cattles necropsied in state of Espirito Santo, within 10 months

As enfermidades são problemas frequentes na bovinocultura, com grande destaque para as causas infecciosas. Em muitos casos, o médico veterinário é requisitado para realizar o exame post mortem dos animais à campo, logo, deve ter conhecimento prévio das doenças mais prevalentes naquela região e, mediante uma suspeita, de quais órgãos e/ou materiais coletar para a realização de exames complementares. Com isso, o objetivo do presente trabalho é relatar os achados macroscópicos e histopatológicos, bem como, estabelecer a causa da morte em quatro bovinos necropsiados pelo setor de patologia animal da UVV-ES, no período de 10 meses. Um caso de babesiose cerebral foi diagnosticado e em outro caso, baseado nos achados anatomopatológicos, o diagnóstico do complexo tristeza parasitária bovina foi sugerido. Salmonelose septicêmica e desnutrição também foram diagnosticados. Apesar do número reduzido de casos, espera-se que o presente estudo seja o início de uma linha investigativa para futuras pesquisas sobre as causas de mortalidade em bovinos no estado do Espírito Santo.(AU)

Diseases are a frequent problem in cattle breeding, with great emphasis to infectious aetiology pathologies. In most cases, the veterinarian is requested to perform the post mortem exam in the field, and for that it is required a previous knowledge of the most prevalent cattle diseases in that specific area and upon suspicion, which organs and/or materials must be collected in order to perform complementary tests. Thereby, the aim of the present study is to report the gross and histopathological findings in four cattle necropsied by the Animal Pathology Department from UVV within a 10- month period. A case of cerebral babesiosis was diagnosed and in other case, according with the anatomopathological findings, bovine parasitic sadness was suggested. Septicemic salmonellosis and malnutrition were also diagnosed. Despite the small number of cases, it is expected that the present study will be the beginning of an investigative line for future research on the causes of mortality in cattle in state of Espirito Santo.(AU)

Pathomorphological and immunohistochemical evaluation of unilateral progressive Mooren’s ulcer in a cat

Background: Mooren’s ulcer is a chronic and painful ulceration of the cornea. It begins progressively in the periphery and spread centrally in cornea. In human, it is seen uniaterally in most of cases. Mooren ulcer has not been reported in any kind of animals up to now. Although its aetiology is not completely enlighted, it has been suspected of the inflammatory reaction against injuries-microbiological and immun mediated effects. Immun response in presence of accumulation of immune complexes into the limbal vessels.As a result of the deficit in the regulatory mechanism because the number of suppressor cells control over B and T lymphocytes, These situations can result in a progressive tendancy to inflammation because the production of autoantibodies and/or lymphokine from cytotoxic T-lymhocytes creates an immune-mediated vasculitis. Numerous immigrant inflammatory cells and proteins are evaded from vessels. After triggering inflammatory cells and releasing of meditors, corneal vascularization, scar tissue and re-epithelization develop. This regenerative-reperative process plays an important role during post-inflammatory process.Case: In this case, it was aimed to detect pathomorphological structure and immunologic relations in progressive Mooren’s ulcer (MU). A 1 year-old mix breed cat was submitted to clinic with complaints of progressive painful and eyesight loss in left eye. There were 1 cm-ulceration, opacification and old haemorrhagic areas at peripheral cornea. Histopathologically, there was wide ulceration including all layers of corneal epithelium and particularly vacuolar degeneration at suprabasal cells. In corneal stroma, numerous neutrophiles and mononuclear cells were infiltrated. Neovascularisation and fibrosis beginning from limbus were also present. This fibrotic progress was confirmed by Masson’s trichrome staining method.[...]

Pathomorphological and immunohistochemical evaluation of unilateral progressive Moorens ulcer in a cat

Background: Moorens ulcer is a chronic and painful ulceration of the cornea. It begins progressively in the periphery and spread centrally in cornea. In human, it is seen uniaterally in most of cases. Mooren ulcer has not been reported in any kind of animals up to now. Although its aetiology is not completely enlighted, it has been suspected of the inflammatory reaction against injuries-microbiological and immun mediated effects. Immun response in presence of accumulation of immune complexes into the limbal vessels.As a result of the deficit in the regulatory mechanism because the number of suppressor cells control over B and T lymphocytes, These situations can result in a progressive tendancy to inflammation because the production of autoantibodies and/or lymphokine from cytotoxic T-lymhocytes creates an immune-mediated vasculitis. Numerous immigrant inflammatory cells and proteins are evaded from vessels. After triggering inflammatory cells and releasing of meditors, corneal vascularization, scar tissue and re-epithelization develop. This regenerative-reperative process plays an important role during post-inflammatory process.Case: In this case, it was aimed to detect pathomorphological structure and immunologic relations in progressive Moorens ulcer (MU). A 1 year-old mix breed cat was submitted to clinic with complaints of progressive painful and eyesight loss in left eye. There were 1 cm-ulceration, opacification and old haemorrhagic areas at peripheral cornea. Histopathologically, there was wide ulceration including all layers of corneal epithelium and particularly vacuolar degeneration at suprabasal cells. In corneal stroma, numerous neutrophiles and mononuclear cells were infiltrated. Neovascularisation and fibrosis beginning from limbus were also present. This fibrotic progress was confirmed by Massons trichrome staining method.[...](AU)

Evaluation of trace element levels and antioxidant metabolism in cattle with cutaneous papillomatosis

Background: Cutaneous papillomas are benign proliferative neoplasms. The aetiology and pathogenesis of the disease are very complex. Papillomatosis lesions can be detected anywhere on the body, frequently appearing on the surface of the head, neck, teats, udder, external genital mucosa and upper part of the gastrointestinal tract. The disease is not life threatening but due to loss of productivity, owners often cull animals with papillomatosis. The relationships between trace elements, heavy metals and cancer are still researching. The aim of this study was the evaluation of the relationships between trace elements and antioxidant metabolism, and cutaneous papillomatosis, in cattle.Materials, Methods & Results: Eleven cattle with cutaneous papillomatosis and 10 healthy cattle constituted the study group and control group, respectively. Clinical examinations were performed on all animals. Blood samples were collected and Cr, Cu, Fe, Mg, Mn, Se, Zn, As, B, Ni, Si and Co levels were determined. The analyses were conducted with an inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrophotometer. In addition, catalase (CAT), glutathione (GSH), malondialdehyde (MDA) and ceruloplasmin (Cp) concentrations were measured. The Ni, Si and MDA levels of the study group were significantly higher than those of the control group (P < 0.05) but the Se levels of the study group were significantly lower than in the control group (P < 0.05). The normality of the data was determined with the Shapiro-Wilk Test and the Independent Samples t-Test or Mann-Whitney U test was used for statistical comparison of the groups.Discussion: Trace elements are essential components of biological systems. The levels of trace elements, such as Cu, Co, I, Se, Zn and Mn, which are affected by grazing activity, influence ruminants’ reproductive performance and other production parameters.[...]

Evaluation of trace element levels and antioxidant metabolism in cattle with cutaneous papillomatosis

Background: Cutaneous papillomas are benign proliferative neoplasms. The aetiology and pathogenesis of the disease are very complex. Papillomatosis lesions can be detected anywhere on the body, frequently appearing on the surface of the head, neck, teats, udder, external genital mucosa and upper part of the gastrointestinal tract. The disease is not life threatening but due to loss of productivity, owners often cull animals with papillomatosis. The relationships between trace elements, heavy metals and cancer are still researching. The aim of this study was the evaluation of the relationships between trace elements and antioxidant metabolism, and cutaneous papillomatosis, in cattle.Materials, Methods & Results: Eleven cattle with cutaneous papillomatosis and 10 healthy cattle constituted the study group and control group, respectively. Clinical examinations were performed on all animals. Blood samples were collected and Cr, Cu, Fe, Mg, Mn, Se, Zn, As, B, Ni, Si and Co levels were determined. The analyses were conducted with an inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrophotometer. In addition, catalase (CAT), glutathione (GSH), malondialdehyde (MDA) and ceruloplasmin (Cp) concentrations were measured. The Ni, Si and MDA levels of the study group were significantly higher than those of the control group (P < 0.05) but the Se levels of the study group were significantly lower than in the control group (P < 0.05). The normality of the data was determined with the Shapiro-Wilk Test and the Independent Samples t-Test or Mann-Whitney U test was used for statistical comparison of the groups.Discussion: Trace elements are essential components of biological systems. The levels of trace elements, such as Cu, Co, I, Se, Zn and Mn, which are affected by grazing activity, influence ruminants reproductive performance and other production parameters.[...](AU)

Detection of enteric viruses in pancreas and spleen of broilers with runting-stunting syndrome (RSS) / Detecção de vírus entéricos em pâncreas e baço de frangos com a síndrome de nanismo e raquitismo (RSS)

Enteric disease is a multifactorial problem in chickens, which causes gastrointestinal alterations, elevated feed conversions and impairment. In the last years, several enteric viruses were implicated in enteric disease; case reports have shown their presence alone or in concomitant infections during outbreaks and have suggested that they might be determining factors in the aetiology of enteric disease. This study shows high detection rates of enteric viruses in the pancreas and spleen in samples from an outbreak of enteritis and malabsorption in 16 chicken flocks (n=80 broilers). Avian nephritis virus (ANV) was the most ubiquitous virus, present in 75% of the flocks followed by avian rotavirus group A (ART-A) with 68.75%, and by chicken astrovirus (CAstV) and chicken parvovirus (ChPV) in 43.75% of samples. Viruses were present in the pancreas of positive flocks at extremely high rates: 100% for ART-A, 91.7% for ANV, 100% for CAstV and 57.14% for ChPV. By contrast, only 16.7% and 57.14% of intestine samples were positive for ANV and CAstV, respectively. Avian reovirus (AReo) and avian adenovirus group 1 (FAdV-1) were not detected. These results suggest that high viral detection rates in pancreas samples may be a result of viremia during enteric disease, with subsequent damage of the exocrine pancreas, leading to runting-stunting syndrome (RSS).(AU)

A doença entérica é um problema multifatorial em galinhas que causa alterações gastrointestinais, conversão alimentar elevada e deficiência de crescimento. Nos últimos anos, os vírus entéricos foram associados à doença entérica; casos reportados mostraram a infecção de um único vírus e também infecções concomitantes durante os surtos sugerindo a presença de múltiplos fatores etiológicos nas doenças entéricas. Este estudo mostra uma alta taxa de detecção dos vírus entéricos em amostras de pâncreas e baço de um surto de enterite e má-absorção em 16 lotes de frangos (n=80 frangos). O vírus de nefrite aviária (ANV) foi o vírus mais detectado, estando presente em 75% dos lotes seguido pelo rotavírus aviário grupo A (ART-A) em 68,75% dos casos, e pelo astrovirus (CAstV) e parvovírus aviários (ChPV), ambos em 43,75% das amostras. Os vírus estavam presentes no pâncreas dos lotes positivos em percentuais elevados: 100% para ART-A e CAstV; 91,7% para ANV, e em 57,14% para ChPV. Em contraste, somente 16,7% e 57,14%, em amostras de intestino, foram positivos para ANV e CAstV, respectivamente. Reovírus aviário (AReo) e o adenovírus do grupo 1 (FAdV-1) não foram detectados. Estes resultados sugerem que os elevados percentuais de vírus detectados em amostras de pâncreas podem estar associados à viremia durante a doença entérica, com subsequente lesão no pâncreas exócrino das aves levando ao desenvolvimento da síndrome de nanismo e raquitismo.(AU)

Detection of enteric viruses in pancreas and spleen of broilers with runting-stunting syndrome (RSS) / Detecção de vírus entéricos em pâncreas e baço de frangos com a síndrome de nanismo e raquitismo (RSS)

Enteric disease is a multifactorial problem in chickens, which causes gastrointestinal alterations, elevated feed conversions and impairment. In the last years, several enteric viruses were implicated in enteric disease; case reports have shown their presence alone or in concomitant infections during outbreaks and have suggested that they might be determining factors in the aetiology of enteric disease. This study shows high detection rates of enteric viruses in the pancreas and spleen in samples from an outbreak of enteritis and malabsorption in 16 chicken flocks (n=80 broilers). Avian nephritis virus (ANV) was the most ubiquitous virus, present in 75% of the flocks followed by avian rotavirus group A (ART-A) with 68.75%, and by chicken astrovirus (CAstV) and chicken parvovirus (ChPV) in 43.75% of samples. Viruses were present in the pancreas of positive flocks at extremely high rates: 100% for ART-A, 91.7% for ANV, 100% for CAstV and 57.14% for ChPV. By contrast, only 16.7% and 57.14% of intestine samples were positive for ANV and CAstV, respectively. Avian reovirus (AReo) and avian adenovirus group 1 (FAdV-1) were not detected. These results suggest that high viral detection rates in pancreas samples may be a result of viremia during enteric disease, with subsequent damage of the exocrine pancreas, leading to runting-stunting syndrome (RSS).(AU)

A doença entérica é um problema multifatorial em galinhas que causa alterações gastrointestinais, conversão alimentar elevada e deficiência de crescimento. Nos últimos anos, os vírus entéricos foram associados à doença entérica; casos reportados mostraram a infecção de um único vírus e também infecções concomitantes durante os surtos sugerindo a presença de múltiplos fatores etiológicos nas doenças entéricas. Este estudo mostra uma alta taxa de detecção dos vírus entéricos em amostras de pâncreas e baço de um surto de enterite e má-absorção em 16 lotes de frangos (n=80 frangos). O vírus de nefrite aviária (ANV) foi o vírus mais detectado, estando presente em 75% dos lotes seguido pelo rotavírus aviário grupo A (ART-A) em 68,75% dos casos, e pelo astrovirus (CAstV) e parvovírus aviários (ChPV), ambos em 43,75% das amostras. Os vírus estavam presentes no pâncreas dos lotes positivos em percentuais elevados: 100% para ART-A e CAstV; 91,7% para ANV, e em 57,14% para ChPV. Em contraste, somente 16,7% e 57,14%, em amostras de intestino, foram positivos para ANV e CAstV, respectivamente. Reovírus aviário (AReo) e o adenovírus do grupo 1 (FAdV-1) não foram detectados. Estes resultados sugerem que os elevados percentuais de vírus detectados em amostras de pâncreas podem estar associados à viremia durante a doença entérica, com subsequente lesão no pâncreas exócrino das aves levando ao desenvolvimento da síndrome de nanismo e raquitismo.(AU)

Assessing the epidemiological data of Staphylococcus aureus food poisoning occurred in the State of Rio Grande do Sul, Southern Brazil

Staphylococcal food poisoning is one of the most frequent foodborne illnesses worldwide and it is caused by the ingestion of food contaminated with enterotoxins produced by some strains of Staphylococcus (S.) aureus. In the State of Rio Grande do Sul (RS), Southern Brazil, S. aureus has been identified as the second most frequent agent of foodborne illnesses in the last two decades. The aim of the present study was to assess and analyse the epidemiological data of S. aureus food poisoning occurred in the State of RS during the years of 2000 to 2002. The official records of epidemiological investigations carried out by the Sanitary Surveillance Services of the State of RS were analysed. Among foodborne outbreaks for which aetiology was determined, S. aureus was identified as the responsible agent of 57 foodborne outbreaks, being 42 (74%) confirmed by microbiological analyses and 15 (26%) confirmed by clinical symptoms and/or epidemiological data. Staphylococcal outbreaks were responsible for the exposition of 5,991 persons, of which 1,940 (32%) were interviewed by the Sanitary Surveillance officers. The most affected age group corresponded to people with 20 to 49 years old (48%), where men (48%) and women (52%) were affected similarly. The main involved food vehicles were meats servings (35%), followed by pastries (25%), cheese (23%), pasta (11%) and potato salad with homemade mayonnaise (11%). The majority of the outbreaks occurred inside private homes (33%) followed by commercial food establishments (28%). Inadequate control of temperature and failures in general hygiene practices were identified as the main factors responsible for the outbreaks. In conclusion, S. aureus was an important food poisoning etiological agent in the State of RS during 2000 to 2002 and its prevention depends on control measures involving different parts of the food chain.(AU)

PRODUÇÃO E AVALIAÇÃO ANTIGÊNICA DE BACTERINA CONTRA Streptococcus agalactiae LAVRAS MG 2018

A mastite bovina é um processo inflamatório da glândula mamária resultante da interação de fatores inerentes ao animal, patógenos e ambiente. A doença geralmente decorre da invasão microbiana da glândula mamária, principalmente por bactérias. Entre os principais microrganismos envolvidos em sua etiologia destaca-se o Streptococcus agalactiae, que geralmente acarreta índices elevados de novas infecções, afetando a quantidade e qualidade do leite produzido pelo animal ou rebanho infectado. Em relação às medidas de controle e prevenção para a mastite bovina, a vacinação tem sido extensamente estudada com objetivos de reduzir novas infecções intramamárias e diminuir a duração e a gravidade dos casos existentes. Diante disto, o objetivo deste trabalho foi desenvolver e avaliar a antigenicidade de uma bacterina para o controle e prevenção da mastite bovina ocasionada por S. agalactiae. Para tal, foi confeccionada uma bacterina experimental adjuvada com hidróxido de alumínio, contendo os isolados de S. galactiae SA522 e SA199, numa concentração de 1x109UFC/mL de cada isolado. Para os testes de antigenicidade da vacina, foram utilizadas 45 novilhas gestantes, pertencentes a uma fazenda leiteira localizada na região Sul de Minas Gerais livre de infecções por S. agalactiae, sendo 30 utilizadas no grupo vacinado e as demais (15), no grupo controle. Os animais do grupo vacinado foram vacinados pela via subcutânea, utilizando-se duas doses de 5 mL intervaladas de 21 dias. O grupo controle foi inoculado com 5 mL de solução fisiológica estéril. Previamente à vacinação, foi realizada a coleta de sangue e de leite de cada animal, para cultura de todos os quartos mamários de todos os animais, a fim de assegurar que eles eram livres de infecção por S. agalactiae. Sete dias após a segunda dose vacinal, foi realizada coleta de sangue dos animais de ambos os grupos para mensuração de anticorpos induzidos pela bacterina por meio de um teste de ELISA indireto padronizado para este fim. Os dados foram analisados estatisticamente pelo Software R e pelo Software GraphPad Prism, sendo considerada uma diferença significativa de 5%. Foram observadas diferenças estatísticas (p<0,05) pelo teste T para o grupo vacinado antes da vacinação (D0) e após a segunda dose vacinal (D30) (p=0,0056). O grupo controle não apresentou alteração entre os momentos D0 e D30 (p=0,3303). A bacterina desenvolvida foi capaz de induzir a produção de anticorpos anti-S. agalactiae nas vacas estudadas. Estudos futuros devem ser realizados para avaliar a imunogenicidade desta vacina em rebanhos infectados por S. agalactiae.

Bovine mastitis is an inflammatory process of the mammary gland due to the interaction of animals related to the animal, pathogen and environment. This disease is generally caused by microbial invasion of the mammary gland, mainly by bacteria. Among the main pathogens involved in its aetiology, Streptococcus agalactiae stands out, which determines the high clinical levels of new infections, leading to a decrease in the quantity and quality of milk produced by the infected animal or herd. Among the measures of control and prevention for bovine mastitis the use of vaccines has been extensively, aiming to reduce de level of new infections and duration and severity of cases. Therefore, the objective of this work was to develop and evaluate the antigenicity of one bacterin for the control and prevention of bovine mastitis caused by S. agalactiae. To this propose, it was produced an experimental bacterin adjuvanted with aluminum hydroxide, containing the strains SA522 and SA199 at the concentration of 1x109 UFC / mL of each isolate. For antigenicity tests of vaccine, 45 pregnant heifers belonging to a dairy farm located in the south of Minas Gerais, which were negative for S. agalactiae were used, as 30 in vaccinated group and 15 in control group. Animals of vaccinated group received two doses of bacterin (5mL/dosis) by the subcutaneous route with interval of 21 days. The control was inoculated with placebo (5 mL sterile saline). Previously to vaccination was performed blood and milk collecting blood from each animal in order to assegurate that used animals were not infected by S. agalactiae. Nine days after second vaccinal dosis (D30) blood collections of all animals of vacinal group and control groups were performed and dosages of anti-S. agalactiae immunoglobulins were done by indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA). Due to the lack of ELISA kits for anti-S. agalactiae antibodies in cattle, an ELISA standardization was performed for this purpose. Data were statistically analised by Software R and GraphPad Prism Software, with a 5% statistical error level. Statistically significant differences (p <0.05) for test T, were observed for the vaccinated group before vaccination (D0) and after a second vaccine dose (D30) (p = 0.0056). The animals of the control group didn´t show differences in antibodies levels in D0 relation D30 (p = 0.3303). A vaccine produced was able to induce a production of anti-S.agalactiae antibodies in the studied cows. Further studies must be conduced to evaluate the immunogenicity of this bacterin in herds infected by S. agalactiae.

An investigation of the Feline Immunodeficiency Virus (FIV) and Feline Leukemia Virus (FELV) infections in cats in Western Turkey

Background: Feline Leukemia Virus (FeLV) and Feline Immunodefi ciency Virus (FIV) are among the most important pathogens of cats. Despite being common world-wide, data on the prevalence of these viruses in western Turkey are very limited in the literature. The objective of this study was to investigate the presence and the prevalence of the FIV and FeLV infections in the house and stray cats in the Aegean region of western Turkey. Effects of the risk factors such as age, gender, and lifestyle on the prevalence of the infections as well as the relationship between the general health status of the animals and infection rates were investigated. Materials, Methods & Results: Blood samples were taken from the house and stray cats brought to the clinics of the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine at the Adnan Menderes University or the private veterinary clinics in the provinces of Aydin and Izmir, Turkey, during the period of the study from May 2009 to June 2010. The serum samples were tested using commercially available Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) kits to detect p27 antigen of FeLV, neutralizing antibodies against the gp70 protein of the FeLV, and antibodies against p17 and p24 antigens of FIV. Two hundred and ten cats were tested for FeLV antigen and FIV-specific antibodies whereas 172 cats were tested for antibodies against FeLV. Overall positivity rates for the FeLV antigen, antibodies against FeLV, and antibodies against FIV were 7.6% (16/210), 58.1% (100/172), and 19.5% (41/210), respectively. Seropositivity rates for antibodies against FeLV and FIV changed significantly from one province to another (P < 0.05). Serositivity for the antibodies against FIV were higher in male than the female animals (P < 0.05) and in house than the stray cats (P < 0.001). Animals with clinical symptoms when brought to the clinic had significantly higher FeLV antigen and the antibody titers against FIV than the apparently healthy animals (P < 0.001). Seropositivity for antibodies against FIV but not the rates of positivity for FeLV antigen and antibodies against FeLV were influenced by the age of the animal. Discussion: The results obtained in this study suggested that the FeLV and FIV infections were relatively common in western Turkey. The statistically signifi cant risk factors for the FIV infection included the province of residence, gender, life style, health status and age. Since prevalence of the FIV infection may significantly vary among Turkey's different geographical regions, prevalence studies that maybe important in the combat of the infections should be carried out independently in each province. Only province of residence and health status were risk for factors for the FeLV infections. Antibodies against FIV were more prevalent in the cats that were male, older than three years of age, lived in houses, and had clinical symptoms when brought to the clinics. The animals that presented with clinical symptoms when brought to the clinic had higher rates of positivity for FeLV antigen and FIV-specific antibodies (P < 0.01). These results suggest that sick animals are at higher risk for infection with these viruses and that the viruses may be involved in the aetiology of a variety of diseases. Analysis of the clinical findings, test results and reports in the literature suggest that these infections may present with various clinical symptoms and should be taken into careful consideration for differential diagnosis of animals in the clinic.

Occurrence of white rust (Albugo ipomoeae-panduratae) on Ipomoea acuminata in the brazilian mid-west

Spontaneous plants of Ipomoea acuminata ("morning glory") exhibiting white rust pustules were found in a field crop area of Planaltina, DF, in the fall season of 2010 and the disease causal agent was identified as Albugo ipomoea-panduratae (Oomycota). No reports of the association between A. ipomoea-panduratae and I. acuminata were known in Brazil previously to 2010. A reference specimen was deposited at the University of Brasilia Mycological Reference Collection.

Prevalence, aetiology and antibiotic resistance profiles of coagulase negative staphylococci isolated in a teaching hospital

In this paper we carried out a study about prevalence of the clinically significant coagulase negative staphylococcal (CNS) isolates found in an university hospital. Two hundred four CNS isolates from 191 patients obtained between the period of 1998 to 2002, were studied. About 27% (52/191) of the infection cases studied were confirmed as CNS-associated diseases. Blood stream infection (BSI) was the most frequent CNS associated-disease (25%; 13/52). The great majority of the BSI was verified in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU). The analysis of the 52 patients medical history showed that 85% of the BSI was acquired in hospital. Most of the CNS nosocomial infections were associated with the use of indwelling medical devices. The incidence of methicillin-resistance among significant CNS isolates was 38%. In this study, a high percentage of exogenous contaminant was verified (60%), indicating that contamination of clinical specimens during sample collection is critical.

Dermatophytes isolated from dogs and cats suspected of dermatophytosis in Southern Brazil

Dermatophytosis which is characterized by a superficial infection confined to keratinised tissues, is the most common fungal disease in small animal veterinary medicine. It is unreliable to diagnose dermatophytosis on the basis of clinical signs alone, not only for the variable nature of the dermatological findings but also because there are several other skin diseases which mimic the typical fungal lesion (circular lesions with alopecia). The present study reports laboratory results of an extensive survey evaluating fungal and parasitic aetiology of skin diseases through the analysis of 1,240 fur, nails and skin scraping specimens from dogs and cats with clinical suspicion of dermatophytosis. Samples collected in several veterinary clinics of the Santa Catarina, Paraná and Rio Grande d o Sul states, mainly of the Santa Maria city in Rio Grande do Sul, were processed at the Mycology Research Laboratory of the Federal University of Santa Maria, Southern Brazil, between 1998 and 2003. Among canine and feline samples, the percentages of positive dermatophyte specimens were 10.2% and 27.8%, respectively. The most prevalent fungal specie in both cats and dogs was Microsporum canis, which was isolated in 68.5% of the positive cultures for dermatophytes in dogs samples, being the only species recovered from cats cultures. Malassezia pachydermatis was the most commonly isolated yeast

Síndrome da cauda flácida em cão da raça labrador retriever: primeiro relato no Brasil

Limber syndrome is a disease that occurs in hunting dogs, commonly Labrador retriever and in dogs that belong to the group of Pointer. The aetiology is still unknown, but its occurrence is prior to extenuating exercises, cold exposure and cold water and transport jail maintenance. This article describes the case of a 4-year-old-intact-male Labrador Retriever that suddenly developed tail pain and limberness after cold bath. It was possible to exclude vertebral fracture, cauda equina syndrome, spinal cord or adanal gland injuries and prostatic disease as the auxiliary evaluations were made. This publication is important because there are no reports of Limber syndrome in Brazil.

A síndrome da cauda flácida é uma enfermidade que acomete cães de caça, principalmente Labradores Retriever e do grupo Pointer. Embora sua etiologia não esteja totalmente definida, sabe-se que sua ocorrência é precedida de esforço físico extenuante, exposição ao frio ou água fria e confinamento em caixas de transporte. O presente trabalho descreve o caso de um cão da raça Labrador Retriever, macho não castrado, de quatro anos de idade que apresentou súbita dor e flacidez da cauda após banho frio. Fratura vertebral, síndrome da cauda eqüina, outras enfermidades da medula espinhal ou de glândulas adanais e afecções prostáticas foram descartadas após exames auxiliares. A divulgação deste relato é relevante uma vez que esta síndrome ainda não foi descrita no Brasil.

Síndrome da cauda flácida em cão da raça labrador retriever: primeiro relato no Brasil

Limber syndrome is a disease that occurs in hunting dogs, commonly Labrador retriever and in dogs that belong to the group of Pointer. The aetiology is still unknown, but its occurrence is prior to extenuating exercises, cold exposure and cold water and transport jail maintenance. This article describes the case of a 4-year-old-intact-male Labrador Retriever that suddenly developed tail pain and limberness after cold bath. It was possible to exclude vertebral fracture, cauda equina syndrome, spinal cord or adanal gland injuries and prostatic disease as the auxiliary evaluations were made. This publication is important because there are no reports of Limber syndrome in Brazil.

A síndrome da cauda flácida é uma enfermidade que acomete cães de caça, principalmente Labradores Retriever e do grupo Pointer. Embora sua etiologia não esteja totalmente definida, sabe-se que sua ocorrência é precedida de esforço físico extenuante, exposição ao frio ou água fria e confinamento em caixas de transporte. O presente trabalho descreve o caso de um cão da raça Labrador Retriever, macho não castrado, de quatro anos de idade que apresentou súbita dor e flacidez da cauda após banho frio. Fratura vertebral, síndrome da cauda eqüina, outras enfermidades da medula espinhal ou de glândulas adanais e afecções prostáticas foram descartadas após exames auxiliares. A divulgação deste relato é relevante uma vez que esta síndrome ainda não foi descrita no Brasil.

Canine lymphoma / Linfoma canino

Basic information on canine lymphomas is reviewed in this article. Concept, incidence, aetiology, clinical signs, staging, morphologic and immunophenotypic classification, diagnosis and prognostic are described briefly.

Apresentam-se neste artigo de revisão, informações básicas sobre linfomas caninos. Descrevem-se, sucintamente, definição, incidência, etiologia, sinais clínicos, estadiamento, classificação morfológica e imunofenotípica, diagnóstico e prognóstico.

Canine lymphoma / Linfoma canino

Basic information on canine lymphomas is reviewed in this article. Concept, incidence, aetiology, clinical signs, staging, morphologic and immunophenotypic classification, diagnosis and prognostic are described briefly.

Apresentam-se neste artigo de revisão, informações básicas sobre linfomas caninos. Descrevem-se, sucintamente, definição, incidência, etiologia, sinais clínicos, estadiamento, classificação morfológica e imunofenotípica, diagnóstico e prognóstico.

Bovine papillomavirus type 2 in enzootic haematuria aetiology / Papilomavírus bovino tipo 2 na etiologia da hematúria enzoótica bovina

Bovine enzootic haematuria (EH) occurs worldwide and is endemic in regions with bracken fern (Pteridium aquilinum) infested grassland. EH is chronic disease that is characterized by clinical signs of intermitent haematuria, anemia and progressive emaciation and haemorragic, hyperplasic and neoplasic lesions of urinary bladder. Although bracken fern intoxication has been related to EH, most recent bovine papillomavirus type 2 (BPV-2) infection has been also assessed. Some researches has shown that the presence of BPV-2 in association with bracken fern carcinogenic compound leads to the malignant progression of urinary bladder lesions that cause the clinical signs of EH. In this review the major evidence of BPV-2 involviment in the aetiology of EH is presented along with diagnostic methods and prophylaxis of this disease that causes considerable economic losses in brazilian cattle breeding.

A hematúria enzoótica (HE) bovina é de ocorrência mundial e apresenta caráter endêmico em regiões com pastagens infestadas com samambaia (Pteridium aquilinum). A HE é uma doença crônica caracterizada por sinais clínicos de hematúria intermitente, anemia e emagrecimento progressivo e por lesões hemorrágicas, hiperplásicas e neoplásicas da mucosa da bexiga. Apesar da intoxicação pela samambaia estar relacionada à etiologia da HE, mais recentemente a infecção pelo papilomavírus bovino tipo 2 (BPV-2) também tem sido avaliada. Estudos demonstram que a presença do BPV-2, associada à ação dos compostos carcinogênicos da samambaia, leva à progressão maligna das lesões na mucosa vesical responsáveis pelos quadros clínicos observados na HE. Nesta revisão são apresentadas as principais evidências do envolvimento do BPV-2 na etiologia da HE, bem como métodos de diagnóstico e profilaxia desta doença que ocasiona prejuízos econômicos consideráveis à pecuária bovina brasileira.

Bovine papillomavirus type 2 in enzootic haematuria aetiology / Papilomavírus bovino tipo 2 na etiologia da hematúria enzoótica bovina

Bovine enzootic haematuria (EH) occurs worldwide and is endemic in regions with bracken fern (Pteridium aquilinum) infested grassland. EH is chronic disease that is characterized by clinical signs of intermitent haematuria, anemia and progressive emaciation and haemorragic, hyperplasic and neoplasic lesions of urinary bladder. Although bracken fern intoxication has been related to EH, most recent bovine papillomavirus type 2 (BPV-2) infection has been also assessed. Some researches has shown that the presence of BPV-2 in association with bracken fern carcinogenic compound leads to the malignant progression of urinary bladder lesions that cause the clinical signs of EH. In this review the major evidence of BPV-2 involviment in the aetiology of EH is presented along with diagnostic methods and prophylaxis of this disease that causes considerable economic losses in brazilian cattle breeding.

A hematúria enzoótica (HE) bovina é de ocorrência mundial e apresenta caráter endêmico em regiões com pastagens infestadas com samambaia (Pteridium aquilinum). A HE é uma doença crônica caracterizada por sinais clínicos de hematúria intermitente, anemia e emagrecimento progressivo e por lesões hemorrágicas, hiperplásicas e neoplásicas da mucosa da bexiga. Apesar da intoxicação pela samambaia estar relacionada à etiologia da HE, mais recentemente a infecção pelo papilomavírus bovino tipo 2 (BPV-2) também tem sido avaliada. Estudos demonstram que a presença do BPV-2, associada à ação dos compostos carcinogênicos da samambaia, leva à progressão maligna das lesões na mucosa vesical responsáveis pelos quadros clínicos observados na HE. Nesta revisão são apresentadas as principais evidências do envolvimento do BPV-2 na etiologia da HE, bem como métodos de diagnóstico e profilaxia desta doença que ocasiona prejuízos econômicos consideráveis à pecuária bovina brasileira.