Efeitos da inclusão de óleo essencial de canela (Cinnamomum zeylanicum) e extrato de erva doce (Foeniculum vulgare) na fisiologia de frangos caipira / Effects of including cinnamon (Cinnamomum zeylanicum) essential oil and fennel (Foeniculum vulgare) extractonthephysiology of free-range chickens / Efectos de la inclusión del aceite esencial de canela(Cinnamomum zeylanicum) y del extracto de hinojo(Foeniculum vulgare) en la fisiología de los pollos decorral

As aves são animais homeotermos, apresentam a capacidade de manter uma temperaturainterna constante. Os produtos fitogênicos têm propriedade de promotor de crescimentoanimal, sendo uma opção para o uso de antimicrobianos, que podem causar riscos à saúdehumana, se usados indiscriminadamente. Assim, o objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o efeitodainclusão de óleo essencial de canela e extrato de erva-doce na alimentação, sobreocomportamento fisiológico de frangos de corte caipira na Amazônia Ocidental. Foramutilizados 270 frangos de corte Pedrês de um dia, divididos entre os tratamentos: raçãobasal (RB) com antimicrobiano (T1), RB sem antimicrobiano com 37,5 ppm/kg de óleo de canela(T2) e RB sem antimicrobiano com 37,5 ppm/kg de extrato de erva-doce (T3), com 9 repetições cada. Para avaliar as respostas fisiológicas foram aferidas temperatura da pele em diferentes partes, temperatura cloacal e frequência respiratória, pela manhã e tarde. Nãohouvediferença significativa entre as variáveis analisadas. Portanto, a inclusão do óleo essencial decanela ou extrato de erva-doce na ração não influenciou o comportamento fisiológicodosfrangos, indicando que podem substituir os antimicrobianos, como promotores de crescimento, para frangos de corte de linhagem caipira, em ciclo de produção de 70 dias.(AU)

Birds are homeothermic animals, with the ability to maintain a constant internal temperature. Phytogenic products have the property of promoting animal growth, being an optiontotheuse of antimicrobials, which can cause risks to human health if used indiscriminately. Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of including cinnamon essential oil andfennel extract in the feed, on the physiological behavior of free-range broilers in the WesternAmazon. A total of 270 one-day-old Pedrês broilers were used, divided among the treatments: basal feed (RB) with antimicrobial (T1), RB without antimicrobial with 37.5 ppm/kgcinnamon oil (T2) and RB without antimicrobial with 37.5 ppm/kg fennel extract (T3), with9repetitions each. To evaluate the physiological responses, skin temperature, cloacal temperature, and respiratory rate were measured in the morning and afternoon. There wasnosignificant difference between the variables analyzed. Therefore, the inclusion of cinnamon essential oil or fennel extract in the feed did not influence the physiological behavior of thechickens, indicating that they can replace antimicrobials as growth promoters for free-rangechickens in a 70-day production cycle.(AU)

Las aves son animales homeotermos, que presentan la capacidad de mantener una temperaturainterna constante. Los productos fitogénicos tienen la propiedad de promover el crecimientode los animales, siendo una opción al uso de antimicrobianos, que pueden causar riesgos parala salud humana, si se utilizan indiscriminadamente. Por lo tanto, el objetivo de este estudiofue evaluar el efecto de la inclusión del aceite esencial de canela y del extracto de hinojoenlaalimentación, sobre el comportamiento fisiológico de los pollos de engorde en la AmazoniaOccidental. Se utilizó un total de 270 pollos de engorde Pedrês de un día de edad, divididosentre los tratamientos: alimento basal (RB) con antimicrobiano (T1), RB sin antimicrobianocon 37,5 ppm/kg de aceite de canela (T2) y RB sin antimicrobiano con 37,5 ppm/kgdeextracto de hinojo (T3), con 9 repeticiones cada uno. Para evaluar las respuestas fisiológicasse midió la temperatura de la piel en diferentes partes, la temperatura cloacal y la frecuenciarespiratoria, por la mañana y por la tarde. No hubo diferencias significativas entrelasvariables analizadas. Por lo tanto, la inclusión de aceite esencial de canela o de extractodehinojo en el pienso no influyó en el comportamiento fisiológico de los pollos, lo que indicaque pueden sustituir a los antimicrobianos como promotores del crecimiento de los polloscamperos en un ciclo de producción de 70 días.(AU)

In Vitro Antimicrobial Efficacy Assessment of Ethanolic and Aqueous Extracts of Cinnamon (Cinnamomum Verum) Bark against Selected Microbes

To combat pathogens and reduce the major public health problem of antibiotic residues in animal products, scientists are looking for natural antibiotic substitutes that are effective against drug-resistant pathogenic microbes and spoilage fungi. The antimicrobial activity of three Cinnamomum verum extracts prepared with three different solvents (absolute ethanol, 50% ethanol, and aqueous extracts) was determined against two Gram-positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus and Listeria monocytogenes) and two Gram-negative bacteria (Salmonella Typhimurium and Escherichia coli) as well as two fungal strains. The antimicrobial activities of various Cinnamomum verum extracts against selected microbes were evaluated using the disc diffusion test, minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC), minimum bactericidal concentrations (MBC), minimum fungicidal concentrations (MFC), and the poisoned food technique. Cinnamomum verum bark (CVB) extracts inhibited and killed microbial growth to varying degrees. Our findings also revealed that extracts prepared with alcoholic solvents, particularly absolute ethanol-CVB extract, were more active compared with aqueous solvents, suggesting that the cinnamon plant is a promising natural antimicrobial agent for food preservation.(AU)

Use of essential oils in the diet of slow-growing broilers and their effects on performance / Uso de óleos essenciais em dietas de frangos de corte de crescimento lento e seus efeitos sobre o desempenho

This study proposes to examine the effect of supplementing the diet of slow-growing broilers with essential oils. A total of 270 one-day-old female chicks of the Pesadão Vermelho line, reared in an intensive system, were allocated to one of three treatments (1: Control, without addition of essential oils; 2: Feed supplemented with cinnamon essential oil; and 3: Feed supplemented with lemongrass essential oil) in a completely randomized design with nine replicates of 10 birds each. Growth performance variables were evaluated at 14, 28, 42, 56, and 70 days, whereas carcass yield, primal cuts, and internal organs were analyzed at 71 days of age. Data were subjected to analysis of variance and differences between means were compared using the Scott-Knott test at 5% probability. Supplementation with lemongrass essential oil improved the live weight of birds at 14, 28, and 42 days, as well as feed conversion and feed efficiency at 42 and 56 days of rearing (P<0.05). The treatments with cinnamon and lemongrass essential oils provided the highest thigh yields (P<0.05). The other evaluated variables did not show statistically significant differences (P>0.05) between treatments.(AU)

O experimento teve como objetivo, avaliar o efeito da suplementação de óleos essenciais nas dietas de frangos de corte de crescimento lento. Foram utilizados 270 pintos de um dia, fêmeas da linhagem Pesadão Vermelho, criados em sistema intensivo. O delineamento experimental foi o inteiramente casualizado (DIC) com três tratamentos (Tratamento 1: Controle, sem adição de óleo essencial; Tratamento 2: Ração suplementada com óleo essencial de canela e Tratamento 3: ração suplementada com óleo essencial de capim-cidreira) e nove repetições de 10 aves cada. Aos 14, 28, 42, 56 e 70 dias foram avaliadas as variáveis de desempenho zootécnico e aos 71 dias o rendimento de carcaça, cortes nobres e órgãos internos. Os dados foram submetidos à análise de variância e as diferenças entre as médias foram comparadas pelo teste de Scott-Knott a 5% de probabilidade. A suplementação com óleo essencial de capim-cidreira melhorou o peso vivo das aves aos 14, 28 e 42 dias e a conversão e eficiência alimentar aos 42 e 56 dias de criação (P<0,05). Os tratamentos com óleo essencial de canela e de capim-cidreira proporcionaram maior rendimento de sobrecoxa (P<0,05). Em relação as demais variáveis avaliadas, não foram verificadas diferenças estatísticas significativas (P>0,05) para os tratamentos testados.(AU)

Development of a facial biocosmetic containing levan, almond and cinnamon oils with antioxidant and moisturizing properties

The addition of natural molecules such as microbial exopolysaccharides in cosmetics is a trend in the current market, adding properties and improving the product quality. Therefore, the aim of this study was to develop a facial biocosmetic formulation containing microbial levan, almond and cinnamon oils. The centroid-simplex design was used to evaluate the spreadability, antioxidant activity, moisture retention capacity and viscosity of formulations. Since it is a facial cosmetic, the formulation was optimized using the intermediate viscosity. The optimized formulation with intermediate viscosity was 75% (0.75 g) levan and 25% (2 mL) almond oil, without the addition of cinnamon oil. This formulation was submitted to 90 days under different exposure conditions, and the results showed a spreadability of 805 mm2, pH and density ideal for the facial area, with an antioxidant activity of 72%, hydration capacity of 100.3%, viscosity with no-Newtonian behavior, and normal organoleptic properties when stored at room and low temperature. The formulation with levan associated with almond oil showed potential for application in the facial area, with high antioxidant properties, moisturizing intermediate viscosity and stability for 90 days. The utilization of centroid-simplex design allowed the development of a biocosmetic with desired characteristics just by adjusting the concentrations of the bioactive.(AU)

The Use of A Compound Based on Phyllosilicates and Cinnamon Essential Oil for Chicken Broiler's Litter

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of a litter conditioning compound (LCC) based on 98% phyllosilicates (kaolinite) and 2% cinnamon essential oil to be applied on the litter of broiler houses. Animal performance, prevalence of footpad lesions, and litter quality (water activity, pH, and moisture) were evaluated, in addition to the effect on the incidence of Salmonella spp., evaluated by testing shoe-drag swabs, fecal samples, and organs. Twenty-one broiler houses with similar structure and rearing conditions were distributed in a completely randomized design with three treatments and seven replications each, as follows: T0: control, without the use of LCC; T100: application of 100 grams of LCC per m² of litter per week; T200: application of 200 grams of LCC per m² of litter per week. There was no significant effect of treatments on performance variables; however litter pH was lower when 200g/m2 was used in comparison with the control treatment, a result not verified for moisture and water activity (p>0.05). Our findings demonstrated significant reduction in the percentage of footpad lesions in birds that received the LCC (T0: 63.37%; T100: 41.38% and T200: 27.24%). A reduction in the number of positive flocks for Salmonella spp. Was also observed (with overall positivity rates of 17.86%, 12.14%, and 5% for treatments T0, T100, and T200, respectively). It is concluded that the product reduces the incidence of Salmonella spp. and also significantly reduces the incidence of footpad lesions, two important factors for the poultry industry.(AU)

Effect of essential oils and aqueous extracts of plants on in vitro rumen fermentation and methane production

The objective of this study was to evaluate in vitro rumen fermentation and methane production under the influence of two sources of phytochemicals: essential oils (EOs) and aqueous extracts (AEs). Treatments were set up in a completely randomized block design, with 4×2+1 factorial arrangement of four species, S (garlic, G; cinnamon, C; rosemary, R; eucalyptus; EU) × two types of presentation, P (essential oil, EO; aqueous extract, AE) and a basal diet, BD (50% concentrate, 20% alfalfa and 30% corn silage). Rumen fermentation was evaluated using the in vitro gas production technique. All experimental units were incubated with 500 mg of BD for 72 hours. Treatments were added at a single dose of 900 mg/L of rumen inoculum. Gas pressure was recorded at 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 14, 18, 24, 30, 36, 42, 48, 60 and 72 h postincubation. There was an interaction effect (P × S) between plant extract presentation (P) and plant species (S) for all variables. Treatments GEO, CEO, REO decreased volatile fatty acids (mmol/200 mg), microbial mass production (mg/g), CH4 production (mL/g), in vitro dry matter digestibility (P < 0.05), and total gas production at 24 and 72 h post-incubation (P < 0.05; mL/g DM, mL/g OM). No differences (P > 0.05) were observed between AEs and BD. In conclusion, the use of EOs negatively affected rumen fermentation parameters and the production of CH4. Garlic and cinnamon EOs effectively reduced methane emissions; however, they also reduced in vitro dry matter digestibility.

Acaricidal activity of essential oils of Cinnamomum zeylanicum and Eremanthus erythropappus, major compounds and cinnamyl acetate in Rhipicephalus microplus / Atividade acaricida dos óleos essenciais de Cinnamomum zeylanicum e Eremanthus erythropappus, compostos majoritários e acetato de cinamila sobre Rhipicephalus microplus

Abstract This study aimed to chemically characterize the essential oils (EOs) of Cinnamomum zeylanicum (cinnamon) and Eremanthus erythropappus (candeia) and evaluate their acaricidal activity, together with that of their major compounds and cinnamyl acetate derivative, against Rhipicephalus microplus. Essential oil compounds were identified through gas chromatography. The larval packet test (LPT) at concentrations ranging from 0.31 to 10.0 mg/mL and the adult immersion test (AIT) at concentrations between 2.5 and 60.0 mg/mL were performed. (E)-cinnamaldehyde and α-bisabolol were the major compounds in cinnamon (86.93%) and candeia (78.41%) EOs, respectively. In the LPT, the EOs of cinnamon and candeia and the compounds (E)-cinnamaldehyde, α-bisabolol and cinnamyl acetate resulted in 100% mortality at concentrations of 2.5, 2.5, 5.0, 10.0 and 10.0 mg/mL respectively. In the AIT, percentage control values > 95% were observed for cinnamon and candeia EOs, (E)-cinnamaldehyde and α-bisabolol at the concentrations of 5.0, 60.0, 20.0, and 20.0 mg/mL, respectively, whereas cinnamyl acetate showed low activity. We conclude that EOs and their compounds showed high acaricidal activity, whereas the acetylated derivative of (E)-cinnamaldehyde presented less acaricidal activity on R. microplus engorged females.

Resumo Este estudo teve como objetivo caracterizar quimicamente os óleos essenciais (OE) de Cinnamomum zeylanicum (canela) e Eremanthus erythropappus (candeia) e avaliar sua atividade acaricida, juntamente com a de seus principais compostos e do derivado de acetato de cinamila, sobre Rhipicephalus microplus. Os compostos do óleo essencial foram identificados por cromatografia gasosa. Foram realizados o Teste de Pacote de Larvas (TPL), em concentrações variando de 0,31 a 10,0 mg/mL, e o Teste de Imersão de Adultos (TIA), em concentrações entre 2,5 e 60,0 mg/mL. (E)-cinnamaldeído e α-bisabolol foram os principais compostos nos OE da canela (86,93%) e da candeia (78,41%), respectivamente. No TPL, os OEs de canela e candeia, e os compostos (E)-cinnamaldeído, α-bisabolol e acetato de cinamila resultaram em 100% de mortalidade nas concentrações de 2,5, 2,5, 5,0, 10,0 e 10,0 mg/mL, respectivamente. No TIA, valores percentuais de controle >95% foram observados para OE de canela e candeia, (E)-cinnamaldeído e α-bisabolol nas concentrações de 5,0, 60,0, 20,0 e 20,0 mg/mL, respectivamente, enquanto o acetato de cinamila apresentou baixa atividade. Conclui-se que os OEs e seus compostos apresentaram alta atividade acaricida, enquanto o derivado acetilado do (E)-cinnamaldeído apresentou menor atividade acaricida em fêmeas ingurgitadas de R. microplus.

Atividade do óleo essencial de Cinnamomum cassia contra Staphylococcus aureus- revisão / Cinnamomum cassia essential oil activity against Staphylococcus aureus ­ review

O objetivo deste trabalho foi apresentar uma revisão sobre a atividade do óleo essencial de Cinnamomum. cassia contra Staphylococcus aureus por meio de pesquisas nas bases Web of Science, Science Direct, Scopus, Lilacs e Medline. Para tanto, foram utilizados artigos que abordam os componentes químicos do óleo essencial (OE) de Cinnamomum cassia e sua atividade contra Staphylococcus aureus por meio de dados de diâmetro de inibição, Concentração Inibitória Mínima (CIM) e Concentração Bactericida Mínima (CBM), publicados entre 2011 a 2021. De 98 estudos identificados, 26 preencheram os critérios de inclusão. Os componentes químicos mais comumente encontrados no óleo essencial de C. cassia foram nesta ordem; cinamaldeído, na forma Trans/E, acetato de cinamila/ benzaldeido e cumarina/ eugenol. Os resultados mostraram que a parte da planta mais utilizada para a produção do óleo essencial foi a casca. Os resultados de CIM indicam que a maioria dos trabalhos apresentou atividade antimicrobiana do OE de C. cassia contra S. aureus e tiveram como principal resultado o uso deste óleo como um agente antimicrobiano natural no controle de patógenos de origem alimentar. Nas bases Scopus e Web of Science foi obtido o maior número de artigos.(AU)

The aim of this work was to present a review on the activity of Cinnamomum cassia essential oil against Staphylococcus aureus through research in the Web of Science, Science Direct, Scopus, Lilacs and Medline databases. Therefore, articles that address the chemical components of Cinnamomum cassia essential oil and its activity against Staphylococcus aureus were used through inhibition diameter data, Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (CBM), published between 2011 to 2021 Of 98 identified studies, 26 met the inclusion criteria. The chemical components most commonly found in C. cassia essential oil were in this order; Cinnamaldehyde in the form Trans/E, cinnamyl acetate/ benzaldehyde and coumarin/eugenol. The results showed that the most used part of the plant for the production of essential oil was the bark. The MIC results indicate that most of the works showed the antimicrobial activity of C. cassia essential oil against S. aureus and had as main result the use of this oil as a natural antimicrobial agent in the control of foodborne pathogens. The results showed the Scopus and Web of Science as the databases where more articles were found.(AU)

Acaricidal activity of essential oils of Cinnamomum zeylanicum and Eremanthus erythropappus, major compounds and cinnamyl acetate in Rhipicephalus microplus / Atividade acaricida dos óleos essenciais de Cinnamomum zeylanicum e Eremanthus erythropappus, compostos majoritários e acetato de cinamila sobre Rhipicephalus microplus

This study aimed to chemically characterize the essential oils (EOs) of Cinnamomum zeylanicum (cinnamon) and Eremanthus erythropappus (candeia) and evaluate their acaricidal activity, together with that of their major compounds and cinnamyl acetate derivative, against Rhipicephalus microplus. Essential oil compounds were identified through gas chromatography. The larval packet test (LPT) at concentrations ranging from 0.31 to 10.0 mg/mL and the adult immersion test (AIT) at concentrations between 2.5 and 60.0 mg/mL were performed. (E)-cinnamaldehyde and α-bisabolol were the major compounds in cinnamon (86.93%) and candeia (78.41%) EOs, respectively. In the LPT, the EOs of cinnamon and candeia and the compounds (E)-cinnamaldehyde, α-bisabolol and cinnamyl acetate resulted in 100% mortality at concentrations of 2.5, 2.5, 5.0, 10.0 and 10.0 mg/mL respectively. In the AIT, percentage control values > 95% were observed for cinnamon and candeia EOs, (E)-cinnamaldehyde and α-bisabolol at the concentrations of 5.0, 60.0, 20.0, and 20.0 mg/mL, respectively, whereas cinnamyl acetate showed low activity. We conclude that EOs and their compounds showed high acaricidal activity, whereas the acetylated derivative of (E)-cinnamaldehyde presented less acaricidal activity on R. microplus engorged females.(AU)

Este estudo teve como objetivo caracterizar quimicamente os óleos essenciais (OE) de Cinnamomum zeylanicum (canela) e Eremanthus erythropappus (candeia) e avaliar sua atividade acaricida, juntamente com a de seus principais compostos e do derivado de acetato de cinamila, sobre Rhipicephalus microplus. Os compostos do óleo essencial foram identificados por cromatografia gasosa. Foram realizados o Teste de Pacote de Larvas (TPL), em concentrações variando de 0,31 a 10,0 mg/mL, e o Teste de Imersão de Adultos (TIA), em concentrações entre 2,5 e 60,0 mg/mL. (E)-cinnamaldeído e α-bisabolol foram os principais compostos nos OE da canela (86,93%) e da candeia (78,41%), respectivamente. No TPL, os OEs de canela e candeia, e os compostos (E)-cinnamaldeído, α-bisabolol e acetato de cinamila resultaram em 100% de mortalidade nas concentrações de 2,5, 2,5, 5,0, 10,0 e 10,0 mg/mL, respectivamente. No TIA, valores percentuais de controle >95% foram observados para OE de canela e candeia, (E)-cinnamaldeído e α-bisabolol nas concentrações de 5,0, 60,0, 20,0 e 20,0 mg/mL, respectivamente, enquanto o acetato de cinamila apresentou baixa atividade. Conclui-se que os OEs e seus compostos apresentaram alta atividade acaricida, enquanto o derivado acetilado do (E)-cinnamaldeído apresentou menor atividade acaricida em fêmeas ingurgitadas de R. microplus.(AU)

Anti-diabetic role of quercetin and cinnamon on neurobehavioralalterations and biochemical parameters of induced diabetics rats

We aim was to evaluate the protective effects of the antioxidants cinnamon and quercetin on neurobehavioral alterations and complications, besides biochemical parameters of induced-diabetics Wistar rats. Diabetes was induced by asingle intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin at a dose of (45 mg/kg). The administration of streptozotocin was considered acting on anxiety behaviors and biochemical parameters in adult Wistar rats. On the other hand, the protective role of antioxidants (cinnamon and quercetin) on streptozotocin-induced disorders was also evaluated. Behavioral tests in the open field (OF) revealed that diabetic animals exhibited an anxious behavior and an alteration in thelocomotive and exploratory activities when compared to control. The administration of the cinnamon (2g/kg) and Quercetin (0.5g/kg) by gastric gavage reduces anxiety and decreases hyperglycemia-related harm. However, antioxidants cinnamon and quercetin administration significantly alleviated anxious and depressive behaviors.(AU)

Anti-diabetic role of quercetin and cinnamon on neurobehavioralalterations and biochemical parameters of induced diabetics rats

We aim was to evaluate the protective effects of the antioxidants cinnamon and quercetin on neurobehavioral alterations and complications, besides biochemical parameters of induced-diabetics Wistar rats. Diabetes was induced by asingle intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin at a dose of (45 mg/kg). The administration of streptozotocin was considered acting on anxiety behaviors and biochemical parameters in adult Wistar rats. On the other hand, the protective role of antioxidants (cinnamon and quercetin) on streptozotocin-induced disorders was also evaluated. Behavioral tests in the open field (OF) revealed that diabetic animals exhibited an anxious behavior and an alteration in thelocomotive and exploratory activities when compared to control. The administration of the cinnamon (2g/kg) and Quercetin (0.5g/kg) by gastric gavage reduces anxiety and decreases hyperglycemia-related harm. However, antioxidants cinnamon and quercetin administration significantly alleviated anxious and depressive behaviors.

Impacto de revestimentos comestíveis incorporados com óleos essenciais na qualidade microbiológica de mamão minimamente processado / Impact of edible coatings incorporated with essential oils on microbiological quality of fresh cut papaya

Objetivou-se avaliar o efeito de revestimentos de fécula de mandioca incorporados a óleos essenciais de cravo e canela na qualidade microbiológica de mamões minimamente processados. Mamões em estádio de maturação 4 foram adquiridos em comércio varejista local, higienizados, descascados e fatiados. Foram preparados revestimentos comestíveis fécula de mandioca 3 e 4 % e 1% de óleos essenciais de cravo e de canela. Após revestidas, as fatias foram drenadas, dispostas em embalagens e armazenadas a 6°C/9 dias para realização das análises microbiológicas. Para mesófilos aeróbios e fungos filamentosos e leveduras, observou-se que os mamões não revestidos apresentaram contagem significativamente superior aos revestidos. Os mamões revestidos com fécula de mandioca a 4% incorporados com óleos essenciais possibilitaram menor contagem microbiana.

The use of cinnamon powder in the diet of Japanese laying quail

The objective of this study was to evaluate the inclusion of powder cinnamon in the diet of Japanese quails, regarding their performance and egg quality. A total of 360 quails, 18 weeks old, were distributed in a completely randomized design with five treatments and six replicates of 12 animals. The experimental period lasted 84 days. The treatments were the inclusion of 0; 3.0; 6.0; 9.0 and 12.0 g kg-1 of cinnamon powder in the diet. The performance and quality of eggs produced were evaluated. A sensorial analysis of the eggs was carried out to evaluate the color of the egg yolk, the taste of the egg and the purchase intention. There was no significant effect on the performance and egg quality variables, except for the specific gravity and color of the yolk, which increased linearly. The evaluators presented a higher intention to purchase eggs from the treatment with 6g kg-1 of cinnamon addition in the diet. We concluded that the inclusion of 12.0 g kg-1 of cinnamon powder in the diet for laying quail does not affect the performance and the taste of the eggs, nevertheless, this level of inclusion provides an improvement in the specific gravity and color of the yolk.

The use of cinnamon powder in the diet of Japanese laying quail

The objective of this study was to evaluate the inclusion of powder cinnamon in the diet of Japanese quails, regarding their performance and egg quality. A total of 360 quails, 18 weeks old, were distributed in a completely randomized design with five treatments and six replicates of 12 animals. The experimental period lasted 84 days. The treatments were the inclusion of 0; 3.0; 6.0; 9.0 and 12.0 g kg-1 of cinnamon powder in the diet. The performance and quality of eggs produced were evaluated. A sensorial analysis of the eggs was carried out to evaluate the color of the egg yolk, the taste of the egg and the purchase intention. There was no significant effect on the performance and egg quality variables, except for the specific gravity and color of the yolk, which increased linearly. The evaluators presented a higher intention to purchase eggs from the treatment with 6g kg-1 of cinnamon addition in the diet. We concluded that the inclusion of 12.0 g kg-1 of cinnamon powder in the diet for laying quail does not affect the performance and the taste of the eggs, nevertheless, this level of inclusion provides an improvement in the specific gravity and color of the yolk.(AU)

Efeitos do extrato supercrítico de Melia azedarach (Meliaceae) no controle de Sitophilus zeamais Motschulsky, 1855 (Coleoptera, Curculionidae) / Effects of supercritical extract of Melia azedarach (Meliaceae) on the control of Sitophilus zeamais Motschulsky, 1855 (Coleoptera, Curculionidae)

O presente estudo teve como objetivo testar a eficiência do extrato supercrítico de Melia azedarach no controle de Sitophilus zeamais por meio do contato tarsal. Observou-se a sobrevivência dos insetos a cada 24 h após o início do experimento. Constatou-se que houve maior mortalidade de insetos nas primeiras 72 h. O tratamento que teve melhor desempenho considerando-se a relação tempo de ação e número de insetos mortos foi o de concentração 200 μL mL-1. A concentração letal média que mata 50% da população (CL50) obtida após 96 h do tratamento foi de 165,52 μL mL-1, indicando que a maior dose pode ser reduzida com resultados satisfatórios para as condições empregadas no estudo. O extrato de M. azedarach revelou-se efetivo no controle de S. zeamais em condições de laboratório.

This study aimed to test the efficiency of the Melia azedarach supercritical extract in controlling Sitophilus zeamais through tarsal contact. The survival of insects was observed every 24 h after the experiment started. A higher mortality of insects was found during the first 72 h. The treatment that had the best performance considering the action time and the number of dead insects was that at 200 μL mL-1 concentration. The mean lethal concentration that kills 50% of the population (LC50) obtained after 96 h treatment was 165.52 μL ml-1, showing that the higher dose can be reduced with satisfactory results for the conditions used in this study. The extract of M. azedarach was effective in controlling S. zeamais under laboratory conditions.

Efeitos do extrato supercrítico de Melia azedarach (Meliaceae) no controle de Sitophilus zeamais Motschulsky, 1855 (Coleoptera, Curculionidae) / Effects of supercritical extract of Melia azedarach (Meliaceae) on the control of Sitophilus zeamais Motschulsky, 1855 (Coleoptera, Curculionidae)

O presente estudo teve como objetivo testar a eficiência do extrato supercrítico de Melia azedarach no controle de Sitophilus zeamais por meio do contato tarsal. Observou-se a sobrevivência dos insetos a cada 24 h após o início do experimento. Constatou-se que houve maior mortalidade de insetos nas primeiras 72 h. O tratamento que teve melhor desempenho considerando-se a relação tempo de ação e número de insetos mortos foi o de concentração 200 μL mL-1. A concentração letal média que mata 50% da população (CL50) obtida após 96 h do tratamento foi de 165,52 μL mL-1, indicando que a maior dose pode ser reduzida com resultados satisfatórios para as condições empregadas no estudo. O extrato de M. azedarach revelou-se efetivo no controle de S. zeamais em condições de laboratório.(AU)

This study aimed to test the efficiency of the Melia azedarach supercritical extract in controlling Sitophilus zeamais through tarsal contact. The survival of insects was observed every 24 h after the experiment started. A higher mortality of insects was found during the first 72 h. The treatment that had the best performance considering the action time and the number of dead insects was that at 200 μL mL-1 concentration. The mean lethal concentration that kills 50% of the population (LC50) obtained after 96 h treatment was 165.52 μL ml-1, showing that the higher dose can be reduced with satisfactory results for the conditions used in this study. The extract of M. azedarach was effective in controlling S. zeamais under laboratory conditions.(AU)

Adaptação homóloga e heteróloga de células sésseis de Cronobacter sakazakii a óleos essenciais / Homologous and heterologous adaptation of Cronobacter sakazakii sessile cells to essential oils

Cronobacter sakazakii é patogênico, importante contaminante de fórmulas infantis, que apresenta tolerância aos sanificantes comerciais. Assim, os óleos essenciais se destacam. O objetivo desse trabalho foi avaliar a adaptação homologa e heteróloga de células sésseis de C. sakazakii aos óleos de canela, ho wood e menta. C. sakazakii foi adaptado a concentrações subletais dos óleos e desafiado a diferentes concentrações dos mesmos, determinando-se a adaptação homóloga. Já para avaliação da adaptação heteróloga os óleos foram diferentes daqueles usados na adaptação. De modo geral a adaptação tornou as células sésseis mais sensíveis aos óleos, entretanto, houve adaptação homóloga para o óleo de canela. Também foi observada adaptação heteróloga. C. sakazakii na forma séssil foi capaz de desenvolver adaptação homóloga e heteróloga.

Adaptação homóloga e heteróloga de células sésseis de Cronobacter sakazakii a óleos essenciais / Homologous and heterologous adaptation of Cronobacter sakazakii sessile cells to essential oils

Cronobacter sakazakii é patogênico, importante contaminante de fórmulas infantis, que apresenta tolerância aos sanificantes comerciais. Assim, os óleos essenciais se destacam. O objetivo desse trabalho foi avaliar a adaptação homologa e heteróloga de células sésseis de C. sakazakii aos óleos de canela, ho wood e menta. C. sakazakii foi adaptado a concentrações subletais dos óleos e desafiado a diferentes concentrações dos mesmos, determinando-se a adaptação homóloga. Já para avaliação da adaptação heteróloga os óleos foram diferentes daqueles usados na adaptação. De modo geral a adaptação tornou as células sésseis mais sensíveis aos óleos, entretanto, houve adaptação homóloga para o óleo de canela. Também foi observada adaptação heteróloga. C. sakazakii na forma séssil foi capaz de desenvolver adaptação homóloga e heteróloga.(AU)

Veiculação de bactérias de importância alimentar em especiarias comercializadas em feira livre

O objetivo desse trabalho foi analisar a qualidade microbiológica das especiariascanela, orégano e pimenta do reino comercializadas na feira livre de Cruz das Almas no Recôncavo da Bahia, por meio da quantificação de coliformes a 45°C, Staphylococcus spp., Staphylococcus coagulase positiva, Bacillus spp., Escherichia coli, Bacillus cereus e Salmonella spp. A pimenta do reino diferiu estatísticamente (p>0,05) apresentando maior contagem quando comparado com a canela e o orégano. A prevalência de S. coagulase positiva foi de 60%, 57% e 47% para pimenta do reino moída, orégano e canela, respectivamente. E. coli e Salmonella estiveram presentes na pimenta do reino em 94% e 20%, respectivamente. A contagem de coliformes a 45ºC na pimenta foi maior (3,4 log NMP. g-1) em relação a canela (0,5 log NMP.g-1) e orégano (ausência). A pimenta do reino moída apresentou alta carga microbiana com patógenos de importância alimentar como Salmonella spp., Staphylococcus coagulase positiva e B. cereus.

Inativação termoquímica de Staphylococcus aureus ao cinamaldeído / Thermochemical inactivation of Staphylococcus aureus by cinnamaldehyde

Staphylococcus aureus é uma bactéria patogênica, associada à toxinose alimentar e pela sua capacidade em se tornar resistente a grande número de antimicrobianos. Alternativa para seu controle é a utilização de cinalmadeído, componente majoritário do óleo essencial de canela. O objetivo desse trabalho foi avaliar a inativação S. aureus por cinamaldeído em duas temperaturas. S. aureus foi incubado em caldo triptona de soja adicionado de 0,5% de Tween 80 (v/v) e 0,25% (v/v) de cinamaldeído nas temperaturas de 37 °C e 7 °C por 5, 10, 20, 30 e 35 minutos. Não foi observada ação bactericida do cinamaldeído na temperatura de 7°C, entretanto, a 37°C, após 35 minutos de contato não foram detectadas células viáveis. Dessa forma, destaca-se a importância da temperatura para a ação antimicrobiana do cinamaldeído.