Perception of veterinarians on monitoring diabetic cats with emphasis on the flash glucose monitoring system / Percepção dos veterinários sobre o monitoramento de gatos diabéticos com ênfase no sistema flash de monitoramento de glicose

This study aimed to understand the perception of veterinarians regarding monitoring blood and interstitial glucose levels in cats with diabetes mellitus and/or diabetic ketoacidosis, with emphasis on the flash glucose monitoring system (FGMS) (FreeStyle Libre, Abbott, Brazil). This research consisted of two stages. In all, 516 response forms were obtained, and of these, 480 (93%) were considered valid. In total, 333 (69.4%) veterinarians did not use the FGMS, while 147 (30.6%) did. The cost of the FGMS (116, 78%) was the greatest deterrent to acceptability. Veterinarians who use the device consider it indispensable in the hospital monitoring of diabetic ketoacidosis and a facilitator in the accurate monitoring of measurements. In addition, the preferred location for application of the sensor is the cranial lateral wall of the chest and it is quite tolerable. Monitoring a diabetic cat requires commitment from the owner and the veterinary team to ensure feline-friendly management.

Objetivou-se, com este estudo, conhecer a percepção dos médicos veterinários quanto à monitorização da glicose sanguínea e intersticial em gatos com diabetes mellitus (DM) e/ou cetoacidose diabética, com ênfase no sistema flash de monitoramento da glicose (SFMG) (FreeStyle Libre, Abbott, Brasil). Esta pesquisa foi composta por duas etapas. Ao todo, foram obtidos 516 formulários de resposta. Desses, 480 (93%) foram considerados válidos. No total, 333 (69,4%) veterinários não utilizavam o SFMG, enquanto 147 (30,6%) o utilizavam. O custo do SFMG (116, 78%) foi a maior barreira para a aceitabilidade. Os médicos veterinários que utilizam o dispositivo consideram-no indispensável no monitoramento hospitalar da cetoacidose diabética por ser um facilitador no acompanhamento preciso das aferições. Além disso, o local de preferência para aplicação do sensor é na parede lateral cranial do tórax e é bem tolerável. Monitorar um felino diabético requer comprometimento do tutor e da equipe veterinária e que assegure um manejo amigo do gato.

Comparación de los valores de glucosa en caninos obtenidos con glucómetros portátiles y la prueba estándar de laboratorio / Comparação dos valores de glicose em caninos obtidos com glicômetros portáteis e o teste laboratorial padrão / Comparison of glucose values in dogs obtained with portable glucometers and the standard laboratory test

La medición de glucosa en caninos es un procedimiento habitual en la clínica diaria, actualmente este valor se puede obtener mediante dispositivos portátiles y pruebas laboratoriales. Se realizó esta investigación con el fin de aportar mayor conocimiento sobre la importancia de la medición de glucosa, ya que en los últimos años ha perdido valor entre las pruebas hematológicas a considerar debido a que solo se relaciona con determinadas patologías como la diabetes u otras enfermedades metabólicas. El presente trabajo tiene como objetivo comparar los valores de glucosa en caninos obtenidos mediante un glucómetro portátil de uso humano (Accu-chek® Active, Roche Diagnostic, Mannheim, Alemania); veterinario (aLcose® Vet Glu, jjPlus Corporation, New Taipei, Taiwán) y la prueba estándar de laboratorio, esto nos indicará la fiabilidad de los resultados obtenidos mediante estos métodos. Se realizó la toma de muestras de sangre de 50 caninos clínicamente sanos, de los cuales se obtuvo el resultado de glucemia mediante estos tres métodos. Los resultados de nuestra investigación evidenciaron que las tres formas de evaluación de la glucosa sanguínea en perros brindaban resultados estadísticamente diferentes (p < 0.05). Se obtuvo valores de glucosa diferentes entre los tres métodos de medición, teniendo como promedios finales 84.14 mg/dL, 101.12 mg/dL y 91.12 mg/dL correspondientes al glucómetro portátil de uso humano, veterinario y a la prueba estándar de laboratorio respectivamente. En conclusión, los glucómetros portátiles de uso humano subestiman los valores reales de glucosa, mientras que los de uso veterinario lo sobreestiman, comparados con la prueba estándar de laboratorio.

A medição de glicose nos cães é um procedimento habitual realizado no atendimento clínico. Atualmente este valor pode ser obtido por meio de dispositivos portáteis e testes laboratoriais. Esta pesquisa foi realizada com a finalidade de destacar a importância da medição de glicose, visto que nos últimos anos esta avaliação não tem sido muito valorada entre os testes hematológicos, sendo considerada relevante apenas em relação a patologias como a diabetes e outras doenças metabólicas. O presente estudo teve como objetivo comparar os valores de glicose em cães obtidos com glicômetro portátil de uso humano; veterinário e o teste padrão de laboratório. Esta comparação poderá indicar a confiabilidade dos resultados obtidos mediante os métodos avaliados. Foi realizada a amostragem do sangue de 50 caninos clinicamente sadios os quais foram submetidos a avaliação de glicose mediante os três métodos. Os resultados de nossa investigação evidenciaram que as três formas de avaliação da glicose sanguínea têm resultados estatisticamente diferentes (p < 0,05). Os valores de glicose tiveram medias finais de 84,14 mg/dL, 101,12 mg/dL e 91,12 mg/dL para o glicômetro portátil de uso humano (Accu-chek® Active, Roche Diagnostic, Mannheim, Alemanha), veterinário (aLcose® Vet Glu, jjPlus Corporation, Nova Taipei, Taiwan) e o teste padrão de laboratório, respectivamente. Ao concluir, os glicômetros portáteis de uso humano subestimam os valores reais de glicose e os de uso veterinário os superestimam quando comparados com o teste padrão de laboratório.

The measurement of glucose in canines is a common procedure in daily clinical practice. Currently this value can be obtained by use of portable devices and laboratory tests. This research was carried out in order to provide more knowledge about the importance of glucose measurement, since in recent years it has lost value among the hematological tests to be considered because it is only related to certain pathologies such as diabetes or other metabolic diseases. The present study aimed to compare the glucose values in dogs obtained with a portable glucometer for human use, veterinarian use, and the standard laboratory test. This comparison may indicate the reliability of the results obtained through the evaluated methods. A blood sampling of 50 clinically healthy canines was taken and submitted to glucose evaluation using the three methods. Our investigation showed that the three ways of assessing blood glucose have statistically different results (p < 0.05). Glucose values had final averages of 84.14 mg/dL, 101.12 mg/dL, and 91.12 mg/dL for the portable glucometer for human use (Accu-chek® Active, Roche Diagnostic, Mannheim, Germany), veterinary (aLcose® Vet Glu, jjPlus Corporation, New Taipei, Taiwan) and the standard laboratory test, respectively. In conclusion, portable glucometers for human use underestimate the glucose values, and those for veterinary use overestimate them compared to the standard laboratory test.

Comparação analítica entre resultados da glicemia em bovinos obtidos com glicosímetro portátil vs método enzimático / Comparative analysis between portable glucometer and enzyme method for measurement of blood glucose levels in cattle

Background: Changes in glycemic levels can negatively affect the body. Several techniques for the measurement of bloodglucose have been described, but the enzymatic method is considered standard and more accurate in both humans andanimals. The College of American Pathologists recommends the use of portable glucometers (PGs), which are routinelyused in human medicine because this is an easy, relatively inexpensive method that delivers results quickly. The aim ofthis study was to compare the results of the measurement of blood glucose in cattle obtained using portable Accu-Check®glucometer with the enzymatic method (EM), which is still considered standard.Materials, Methods & Results: Thirty crossbred cattle (Bos taurus), male and female, of different ages were evaluated.Through a puncture of the jugular vein, 10 mL of blood was collected, and one drop was immediately used in an AccuChek® PG; the remaining blood was stored in tubes containing sodium fluoride and tubes containing EDTA. The sampleswere packaged and sent to the laboratory for processing. Blood glucose was measured in the sodium fluoride samples using the enzymatic-colorimetric method (EM) employing Labtest® glucose kits with automatic ELISA spectrophotometerreadings. The glycemic values obtained in this study with PG and EM ranged from 62 to 163.3 mg/dL. Mean glucoseconcentrations for the PG and EM methods were 93.53 mg/dL and 94.84 mg/dL, respectively, with no statistical difference(P > 0.05). The glycemia measurement results generated by both tests were normally distributed by the Shapiro–Wilk test(P > 0.05) and equal variances by the Levene test (P > 0.05).

Comparação analítica entre resultados da glicemia em bovinos obtidos com glicosímetro portátil vs método enzimático / Comparative analysis between portable glucometer and enzyme method for measurement of blood glucose levels in cattle

Background: Changes in glycemic levels can negatively affect the body. Several techniques for the measurement of bloodglucose have been described, but the enzymatic method is considered standard and more accurate in both humans andanimals. The College of American Pathologists recommends the use of portable glucometers (PGs), which are routinelyused in human medicine because this is an easy, relatively inexpensive method that delivers results quickly. The aim ofthis study was to compare the results of the measurement of blood glucose in cattle obtained using portable Accu-Check®glucometer with the enzymatic method (EM), which is still considered standard.Materials, Methods & Results: Thirty crossbred cattle (Bos taurus), male and female, of different ages were evaluated.Through a puncture of the jugular vein, 10 mL of blood was collected, and one drop was immediately used in an AccuChek® PG; the remaining blood was stored in tubes containing sodium fluoride and tubes containing EDTA. The sampleswere packaged and sent to the laboratory for processing. Blood glucose was measured in the sodium fluoride samples using the enzymatic-colorimetric method (EM) employing Labtest® glucose kits with automatic ELISA spectrophotometerreadings. The glycemic values obtained in this study with PG and EM ranged from 62 to 163.3 mg/dL. Mean glucoseconcentrations for the PG and EM methods were 93.53 mg/dL and 94.84 mg/dL, respectively, with no statistical difference(P > 0.05). The glycemia measurement results generated by both tests were normally distributed by the Shapiro–Wilk test(P > 0.05) and equal variances by the Levene test (P > 0.05). (AU)

Body mass index and glucose variations during the night in free-ranging Artibeus planirostris (Chiroptera: Phyllostomidae)

Body condition is an important measure to estimate the energy reserve of an organism. Scientists frequently use body condition indices (BCIs) with morphometric measures but direct measurements, such as blood glucose, seem to be more reliable. We observed oscillations in the body condition and glucose indexes of individuals of Artibeus planirostris (Spix, 1823) during 13 nights in the field. We assume that if glucose levels are proportional to feeding state and body condition is a measure of energy reserve, blood glucose and BCI should be positively correlated and both are expected to increase during the night as the bats leave their diurnal roost to feed. To test this, we examined the relationship between blood glucose levels, BCI and reproductive phase of free flying male bats (n = 70) for 12 hours after sunset for 13 nights. Bats were captured in Reserva Biológica de Guaribas (Paraíba, Brazil) using mist nets. Blood glucose was analyzed with a portable glucometer. Supporting our assumptions, the number of hours after sunset and BCI presented significant positive correlations with glucose levels in A. planirostris. Reproductive phase did not present a significant correlation with any other variables. As we predicted, glucose level can be used as proxy for morphometric BCI and it can be measured with a simple portable glucometer. The increase both in glucose and BCI around the night can be explained by the efficient assimilation of nutrients present in fruits ingested by bats and the quick metabolism that increases the levels of glucose (an other nutrients) in blood, increasing the body mass.

Body mass index and glucose variations during the night in free-ranging Artibeus planirostris (Chiroptera: Phyllostomidae)

Body condition is an important measure to estimate the energy reserve of an organism. Scientists frequently use body condition indices (BCIs) with morphometric measures but direct measurements, such as blood glucose, seem to be more reliable. We observed oscillations in the body condition and glucose indexes of individuals of Artibeus planirostris (Spix, 1823) during 13 nights in the field. We assume that if glucose levels are proportional to feeding state and body condition is a measure of energy reserve, blood glucose and BCI should be positively correlated and both are expected to increase during the night as the bats leave their diurnal roost to feed. To test this, we examined the relationship between blood glucose levels, BCI and reproductive phase of free flying male bats (n = 70) for 12 hours after sunset for 13 nights. Bats were captured in Reserva Biológica de Guaribas (Paraíba, Brazil) using mist nets. Blood glucose was analyzed with a portable glucometer. Supporting our assumptions, the number of hours after sunset and BCI presented significant positive correlations with glucose levels in A. planirostris. Reproductive phase did not present a significant correlation with any other variables. As we predicted, glucose level can be used as proxy for morphometric BCI and it can be measured with a simple portable glucometer. The increase both in glucose and BCI around the night can be explained by the efficient assimilation of nutrients present in fruits ingested by bats and the quick metabolism that increases the levels of glucose (an other nutrients) in blood, increasing the body mass.(AU)

Portable point-of-care device as alternative tool for monitoring blood glucose in lambari Astyanax altiparanae: stress and sex-specific effects / Glicosímetro portátil como ferramenta alternativa para monitoramento da glicose sanguínea em lambaris Astyanax altiparanae: efeitos do estresse e sexo

The efficacy of a point-of-care (POC) blood glucometer (Accu-Chek Active®) was evaluated in adult lambaris (Astyanax altiparanae), comparing the values obtained by this equipment to those obtained by the laboratory enzymatic method. The glycemia of adult males and females and the variations resulting from transporting in juveniles were also evaluated 0, 1, 24, 48 and 72 hours after procedure. Data were submitted to ANOVA, comparing the means by the Tukey´s Test (P> 0.05) and a regression analysis was performed to establish the correlations between values obtained by the two methods. The blood glucose values obtained by POC meter were 11.2% lower, in absolute terms, but did not differ significantly from those recorded by the laboratory enzymatic method, with linear correlation (R = 67.7%) between the methods. Higher glucose levels were recorded for males; glycemia increased 334.3% immediately after transportation, remained elevated (113.3%) up to 48 hours and returned to basal levels (fasting) after 72 hours. It was concluded that POC Accu-Chek Active® is an effective tool for glucose determination in lambari; there are sex-dependent differences in relation to blood glucose levels; the species is sensitive to stress transporting and glycemia is an immediate and appropriate physiological indicator for this evaluation.(AU)

A eficácia do medidor portátil de glicemia (Accu-Chek Active®) foi avaliada em lambaris adultos (Astyanax altiparanae), comparando-se os valores registrados com os obtidos por meio do método enzimático laboratorial. A glicemia de machos e fêmeas adultos e as variações decorrentes do transporte em juvenis também foram avaliadas 0, 1, 24, 48 e 72 horas após o procedimento. Os dados foram submetidos à ANOVA, comparando-se as médias pelo Teste de Tukey (P> 0,05), realizando-se posterior análise de regressão para estabelecimento das correlações entre os valores obtidos pelos dois métodos. Os valores de glicemia obtidos pelo glicosímetro foram 11,2% menores, em termos absolutos, mas não diferiram daqueles registrados pelo método laboratorial, observando-se correlação linear (R = 67,7%) entre ambos. Maiores concentrações de glicose foram registradas para os machos; a glicemia aumentou 334,3% imediatamente após o transporte, permaneceu elevada (113,3%) até 48 horas e retornou aos níveis basais (jejum) após 72 horas. Concluiu-se que o glicosímetro portátil Accu-Chek Active® é uma ferramenta eficaz para a determinação da glicose em lambari; existem diferenças dependentes do sexo em relação aos níveis de glicose no sangue; a espécie é sensível ao estresse de transporte, sendo a glicose um indicador fisiológico imediato e apropriado para esta avaliação.(AU)

Portable point-of-care device as alternative tool for monitoring blood glucose in lambari Astyanax altiparanae: stress and sex-specific effects / Glicosímetro portátil como ferramenta alternativa para monitoramento da glicose sanguínea em lambaris Astyanax altiparanae: efeitos do estresse e sexo

The efficacy of a point-of-care (POC) blood glucometer (Accu-Chek Active®) was evaluated in adult lambaris (Astyanax altiparanae), comparing the values obtained by this equipment to those obtained by the laboratory enzymatic method. The glycemia of adult males and females and the variations resulting from transporting in juveniles were also evaluated 0, 1, 24, 48 and 72 hours after procedure. Data were submitted to ANOVA, comparing the means by the Tukey´s Test (P> 0.05) and a regression analysis was performed to establish the correlations between values obtained by the two methods. The blood glucose values obtained by POC meter were 11.2% lower, in absolute terms, but did not differ significantly from those recorded by the laboratory enzymatic method, with linear correlation (R = 67.7%) between the methods. Higher glucose levels were recorded for males; glycemia increased 334.3% immediately after transportation, remained elevated (113.3%) up to 48 hours and returned to basal levels (fasting) after 72 hours. It was concluded that POC Accu-Chek Active® is an effective tool for glucose determination in lambari; there are sex-dependent differences in relation to blood glucose levels; the species is sensitive to stress transporting and glycemia is an immediate and appropriate physiological indicator for this evaluation.

A eficácia do medidor portátil de glicemia (Accu-Chek Active®) foi avaliada em lambaris adultos (Astyanax altiparanae), comparando-se os valores registrados com os obtidos por meio do método enzimático laboratorial. A glicemia de machos e fêmeas adultos e as variações decorrentes do transporte em juvenis também foram avaliadas 0, 1, 24, 48 e 72 horas após o procedimento. Os dados foram submetidos à ANOVA, comparando-se as médias pelo Teste de Tukey (P> 0,05), realizando-se posterior análise de regressão para estabelecimento das correlações entre os valores obtidos pelos dois métodos. Os valores de glicemia obtidos pelo glicosímetro foram 11,2% menores, em termos absolutos, mas não diferiram daqueles registrados pelo método laboratorial, observando-se correlação linear (R = 67,7%) entre ambos. Maiores concentrações de glicose foram registradas para os machos; a glicemia aumentou 334,3% imediatamente após o transporte, permaneceu elevada (113,3%) até 48 horas e retornou aos níveis basais (jejum) após 72 horas. Concluiu-se que o glicosímetro portátil Accu-Chek Active® é uma ferramenta eficaz para a determinação da glicose em lambari; existem diferenças dependentes do sexo em relação aos níveis de glicose no sangue; a espécie é sensível ao estresse de transporte, sendo a glicose um indicador fisiológico imediato e apropriado para esta avaliação.

Validação do glicosímetro portátil na dosagem da glicemia de pequenos ruminantes normoglicêmicos e induzidos a hipoglicemia e hiperglicemia

Na medicina veterinária são escassas, e até mesmo ausentes, as citações sobre o uso e precisão do glicosímetro portátil em animais de produção. Neste contexto, o estudo tem como avaliar a precisão do glicosímetro portátil (GP) para dosagem da glicemia em caprinos e ovinos saudáveis em condições de normoglicêmia, hipoglicemia e hiperglicemia, foram utilizados de 60 ovinos e 60 caprinos (normoglicêmicos), 15 animais de cada espécie induzidos à hiperglicemia através de infusão intravenosa de 150 mg/kg de glicose e 15 animais de cada espécie induzidos a hipoglicemia através da administração 0,7 UI/kg de insulina Ultrarrápida via subcutânea. Todos os animais foram submetidos a exame clínico e hemograma. As coletas de sangue foram realizadas através de punção da veia jugular em tubos contendo fluoreto de sódio. As mensurações da glicemia no GP e ME foram realizadas na Faculdade de Veterinária (UFF). As análises estatísticas foram realizadas no programa (SPSS) versão 8.0®. Para ovinos e caprinos os resultados não apresentaram distribuição normal para Teste de Kolmogorov-Smirnov, foram feitas estatísticas descritivas, correlação de Pearson (R2 ) 99 e 98,5 %, teste de Levene 87 e 64,9 %. Foram avaliados extremos glicêmicos de 6 a 271 mg/dL. Em ambas as espécies foram definidos dois pontos de corte para fins de avaliação da sensibilidade 86 e 80,6 %; especificidade 95,5 e 95,7 %, valor preditivo positivo 98,5 e 98,2 %, valor preditivo negativo 84 e 62,9 %, índice Kappa 94,4 e 84,4 % e área sob a curva ROC 97,4 e 98,9 %, entre os testes GP e ME respectivamente. No teste estatístico de Bland Altman, verificou-se concordância entre os dois métodos (acurácia analítica e clínica) sendo possível, verificar que a diferença das médias se aproximou de zero nas duas espécies estudadas. Podendo-se concluir que os resultados validam o GP como método de diagnóstico para aferição da glicemia em pequenos ruminantes fornecendo resultados satisfatórios e confiáveis em comparação ao ME.

In veterinary medicine, citations about the use and accuracy of the portable glucometer in farm animals are scarce, and even absent. In this context, the study aims to evaluate the accuracy of the portable glucometer (GP) for measuring blood glucose in healthy goats and sheep under conditions of normoglycemia, hypoglycemia and hyperglycemia, 60 sheep and 60 goats (normoglycemic) were used, 15 animals of each species induced to hyperglycemia through an intravenous infusion of 150 mg / kg of glucose and 15 animals of each species induced to hypoglycemia through the administration of 0.7 IU / kg of Ultra-fast insulin subcutaneously. All animals were submitted to clinical examination and complete blood count. Blood collections were performed by puncture of the jugular vein in tubes containing sodium fluoride. Blood glucose measurements in GP and ME were performed at the Faculty of Veterinary Sciences (UFF). Statistical analyzes were performed using the program (SPSS) version 8.0®. For sheep and goats, the results did not show a normal distribution for the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, descriptive statistics were made, Pearson correlation (R2) 99 and 98.5%, Levene test 87 and 64.9%. Glycemic extremes of 6 to 271 mg / dL were evaluated. In both species, two cutoff points were defined for the purpose of assessing sensitivity 86 and 80.6%; specificity 95.5 and 95.7%, positive predictive value 98.5 and 98.2%, negative predictive value 84 and 62.9%, Kappa index 94.4 and 84.4% and area under the ROC 97 curve, 4 and 98.9%, between the GP and ME tests respectively. In the Bland Altman statistical test, agreement was found between the two methods (analytical and clinical accuracy), making it possible to verify that the difference in means was close to zero in the two species studied. It can be concluded that the results validate the GP as a diagnostic method for measuring blood glucose in small ruminants providing satisfactory and reliable results in comparison to ME.

Blood metabolites as predictors to evaluate the body condition of Neopelma pallescens (Passeriformes: Pipridae) in northeastern Brazil

Body condition is an important ecological attribute that can provide a measure of the energy stored by an animal or population. Body condition is traditionally ascertained with morphometric body condition indices (BCIs), but some researchers have used various physiological and biochemical parameters as predictors of body condition. This study aimed to test reliable biochemical predictors of body condition in individuals of Neopelma pallescens (Lafresnaye, 1853), found in an Atlantic forest patch. For this purpose we examined the relationship between body condition and the concentrations of blood glucose and ketones. We also verified correlations between blood metabolite concentrations and ecological variables, including time of day, seasons, breeding periods, and ectoparasite infestation. Birds were captured with mist nets at Reserva Biológica de Guaribas, state of Paraíba, Brazil. Blood samples were analyzed with a portable glucometer. The correlation between glucose and ketones was negative. Both metabolites showed significant variations according to time of day. Glucose levels were higher in the afternoon and ketones levels were higher in the morning, suggesting a correlation with daily food intake. The BCI of non-breeding birds was negatively correlated with glucose concentrations. However, the correlation between glucose and the BCI of incubating birds was a positive. Ketone bodies did not correlate with body condition. In relation to ectoparasite infestation, only ketones showed significant results, presenting a higher concentration in infested individuals. Glucose is a good predictor of the BCI of incubating birds since it correlates positively with it. However, the lack of seasonal variations in metabolites indicates that the nutritional status of tropical birds does not change when food is abundant. Thus, we conclude that glucose and ketone bodies can predict the nutritional status of birds but in a context-dependent fashion.

Blood metabolites as predictors to evaluate the body condition of Neopelma pallescens (Passeriformes: Pipridae) in northeastern Brazil

Body condition is an important ecological attribute that can provide a measure of the energy stored by an animal or population. Body condition is traditionally ascertained with morphometric body condition indices (BCIs), but some researchers have used various physiological and biochemical parameters as predictors of body condition. This study aimed to test reliable biochemical predictors of body condition in individuals of Neopelma pallescens (Lafresnaye, 1853), found in an Atlantic forest patch. For this purpose we examined the relationship between body condition and the concentrations of blood glucose and ketones. We also verified correlations between blood metabolite concentrations and ecological variables, including time of day, seasons, breeding periods, and ectoparasite infestation. Birds were captured with mist nets at Reserva Biológica de Guaribas, state of Paraíba, Brazil. Blood samples were analyzed with a portable glucometer. The correlation between glucose and ketones was negative. Both metabolites showed significant variations according to time of day. Glucose levels were higher in the afternoon and ketones levels were higher in the morning, suggesting a correlation with daily food intake. The BCI of non-breeding birds was negatively correlated with glucose concentrations. However, the correlation between glucose and the BCI of incubating birds was a positive. Ketone bodies did not correlate with body condition. In relation to ectoparasite infestation, only ketones showed significant results, presenting a higher concentration in infested individuals. Glucose is a good predictor of the BCI of incubating birds since it correlates positively with it. However, the lack of seasonal variations in metabolites indicates that the nutritional status of tropical birds does not change when food is abundant. Thus, we conclude that glucose and ketone bodies can predict the nutritional status of birds but in a context-dependent fashion.(AU)

COMPARAÇÃO ENTRE OS MÉTODOS LABORATORIAL E PORTÁTIL NA ANÁLISE DA GLICEMIA EM FELINOS COM AMOSTRAS DE SANGUE VENOSO CENTRAL E CAPILAR

The objective of this study was to compare the efficacy of portable blood glucose measurement method in relation to the laboratory reference method, using central venous and capillary blood samples from 20 cats. The value obtained by the laboratory method using central venous blood sample was considered as the standard reference value. Other two values were obtained from the portable blood glucose meter, in which a sample from the same central venous blood and another one sample from capillary blood were used. For the 20 cats, the blood glucose results obtained by the laboratory method had an average of 80mg/dL; and the results found by the glucometer had an average of 84.1mg/dL with central venous blood and of 73.1mg/dL with capillary blood. The glycemic averages obtained by the glucometer with both blood samples compared to that achieved by the laboratory method resulted in variations below the maximum established (20%) by associations that regulate portable glucometers and by the organization for standardization, as well as the variation between the glycemic averages obtained by the glucometer using different blood samples. In the comparative analysis, there was no significant difference between the methods (p 0.05). In conclusion, the portable glucometer is effective in measuring blood glucose in cats, both from central venous blood and capillary blood samples.

Objetivou-se comparar a eficácia do método portátil de mensuração glicêmica com o método laboratorial de referência, utilizando-se amostras de sangue venoso central e de sangue capilar de 20 felinos. Considerou-se como valor padrão de referência o obtido pelo método laboratorial a partir de amostra de sangue venoso central. Outros dois valores foram obtidos por glicosímetro portátil, sendo utilizada amostra do mesmo sangue venoso central e outra amostra a partir de sangue capilar. Para os 20 felinos, os resultados glicêmicos verificados pelo método laboratorial tiveram média de 80mg/dL; e os resultados constatados pelo glicosímetro, média de 84,1mg/dL com sangue venoso central e 73,1mg/dL com sangue capilar. As médias glicêmicas obtidas pelo glicosímetro com ambas as amostras de sangue em relação à alcançada pelo método laboratorial resultaram em variações inferiores à máxima instituída (20%) por órgãos reguladores de glicosímetros e por entidade de padronização, bem como a variação entre as médias glicêmicas obtidas pelo aparelho com as distintas amostras de sangue. Na análise comparativa houve diferença significativa entre os métodos (p 0,05). Concluiu-se que o glicosímetro portátil é eficaz para mensuração da glicemia em felinos, tanto a partir de amostras de sangue venoso central como de sangue capilar.

Comparação entre os métodos laboratorial e portátil na análise da glicemia em felinos com amostras de sangue venoso central e capilar / Comparison between the laboratory and portable methods in the glycemic analysis in cats with central venous and capillary blood samples

The objective of this study was to compare the efficacy of portable blood glucose measurement method in relation to the laboratory reference method, using central venous and capillary blood samples from 20 cats. The value obtained by the laboratory method using central venous blood sample was considered as the standard reference value. Other two values were obtained from the portable blood glucose meter, in which a sample from the same central venous blood and another one sample from capillary blood were used. For the 20 cats, the blood glucose results obtained by the laboratory method had an average of 80mg/dL; and the results found by the glucometer had an average of 84.1mg/dL with central venous blood and of 73.1mg/dL with capillary blood. The glycemic averages obtained by the glucometer with both blood samples compared to that achieved by the laboratory method resulted in variations below the maximum established (20%) by associations that regulate portable glucometers and by the organization for standardization, as well as the variation between the glycemic averages obtained by the glucometer using different blood samples. In the comparative analysis, there was no significant difference between the methods (p 0.05). In conclusion, the portable glucometer is effective in measuring blood glucose in cats, both from central venous blood and capillary blood samples.

Objetivou-se comparar a eficácia do método portátil de mensuração glicêmica com o método laboratorial de referência, utilizando-se amostras de sangue venoso central e de sangue capilar de 20 felinos. Considerou-se como valor padrão de referência o obtido pelo método laboratorial a partir de amostra de sangue venoso central. Outros dois valores foram obtidos por glicosímetro portátil, sendo utilizada amostra do mesmo sangue venoso central e outra amostra a partir de sangue capilar. Para os 20 felinos, os resultados glicêmicos verificados pelo método laboratorial tiveram média de 80mg/dL; e os resultados constatados pelo glicosímetro, média de 84,1mg/dL com sangue venoso central e 73,1mg/dL com sangue capilar. As médias glicêmicas obtidas pelo glicosímetro com ambas as amostras de sangue em relação à alcançada pelo método laboratorial resultaram em variações inferiores à máxima instituída (20%) por órgãos reguladores de glicosímetros e por entidade de padronização, bem como a variação entre as médias glicêmicas obtidas pelo aparelho com as distintas amostras de sangue. Na análise comparativa houve diferença significativa entre os métodos (p 0,05). Concluiu-se que o glicosímetro portátil é eficaz para mensuração da glicemia em felinos, tanto a partir de amostras de sangue venoso central como de sangue capilar.

Comparação entre os métodos laboratorial e portátil na análise da glicemia em felinos com amostras de sangue venoso central e capilar / Comparison between the laboratory and portable methods in the glycemic analysis in cats with central venous and capillary blood samples

The objective of this study was to compare the efficacy of portable blood glucose measurement method in relation to the laboratory reference method, using central venous and capillary blood samples from 20 cats. The value obtained by the laboratory method using central venous blood sample was considered as the standard reference value. Other two values were obtained from the portable blood glucose meter, in which a sample from the same central venous blood and another one sample from capillary blood were used. For the 20 cats, the blood glucose results obtained by the laboratory method had an average of 80mg/dL; and the results found by the glucometer had an average of 84.1mg/dL with central venous blood and of 73.1mg/dL with capillary blood. The glycemic averages obtained by the glucometer with both blood samples compared to that achieved by the laboratory method resulted in variations below the maximum established (20%) by associations that regulate portable glucometers and by the organization for standardization, as well as the variation between the glycemic averages obtained by the glucometer using different blood samples. In the comparative analysis, there was no significant difference between the methods (p 0.05). In conclusion, the portable glucometer is effective in measuring blood glucose in cats, both from central venous blood and capillary blood samples.(AU)

Objetivou-se comparar a eficácia do método portátil de mensuração glicêmica com o método laboratorial de referência, utilizando-se amostras de sangue venoso central e de sangue capilar de 20 felinos. Considerou-se como valor padrão de referência o obtido pelo método laboratorial a partir de amostra de sangue venoso central. Outros dois valores foram obtidos por glicosímetro portátil, sendo utilizada amostra do mesmo sangue venoso central e outra amostra a partir de sangue capilar. Para os 20 felinos, os resultados glicêmicos verificados pelo método laboratorial tiveram média de 80mg/dL; e os resultados constatados pelo glicosímetro, média de 84,1mg/dL com sangue venoso central e 73,1mg/dL com sangue capilar. As médias glicêmicas obtidas pelo glicosímetro com ambas as amostras de sangue em relação à alcançada pelo método laboratorial resultaram em variações inferiores à máxima instituída (20%) por órgãos reguladores de glicosímetros e por entidade de padronização, bem como a variação entre as médias glicêmicas obtidas pelo aparelho com as distintas amostras de sangue. Na análise comparativa houve diferença significativa entre os métodos (p 0,05). Concluiu-se que o glicosímetro portátil é eficaz para mensuração da glicemia em felinos, tanto a partir de amostras de sangue venoso central como de sangue capilar.(AU)

Monitoração contínua da glicose intersticial em cães sadios / Continuous monitoring of interstitial glucose in healthy dogs

A manutenção da glicose corpórea em níveis adequados é primordialpara o controle da homeostase, oferecendo substrato energético fundamentalpara o bom funcionamento orgânico. Para a mensuração daglicose corpórea, estão disponíveis técnicas de avaliações portáteis e laboratoriais.Assim, visando a futuros estudos clínicos das variações daglicose corpórea em cães, objetivou-se observar a exequibilidade de umsistema de monitoramento contínuo da glicose intersticial denominadoCGMS® (Continuous Glucose Monitoring System, Sistema GuardianReal-Time®/Medtronic /E.U.A.). O grupo de estudo foi composto poroito cães clinicamente hígidos, e todos os animais estudados apresentaramos maiores valores de glicose intersticial durante o processo decontenção e obtenção da amostra de sangue venoso para a calibraçãodo aparelho, e os menores valores durante o período noturno devido àausência de manipulação. Também foi observado que a comparação daglicose venosa e intersticial, realizadas em um mesmo momento, apresentouuma boa concordância entre si. Os valores de mediana de glicoseobtidos via venosa foram 82,5mg/dL; 81mg/dL; 80mg/dL; 78mg/dL;86,5mg/dL; 83mg/dL; 84mg/dL; 99,5mg/dL. Já as que foram avaliadaspelo.CGMS®,corresponderam a 77mg/dL; 77mg/dL; 69mg/dL; 80mg/dL; 81,5mg/dL; 76mg/dL; 52,5mg/dL; e 86mg/dL. Houve situaçõespontuais de não registro de dados por remoção do sensor e de reaçãocutânea inflamatória leve no local de fixação. Os resultados obtidos confirmaram a eficácia do CGMS® na avaliação da glicose intersticial emâmbito doméstico e assistido, evidenciando, também, a necessidade detreinamento do proprietário quanto ao manuseio do aparelho.

The maintenance of body glucose in proper levels is of paramountimportance to the homeostasis control, offering a fundamentalenergetic substrate for the proper organic performance. For thepurposes of measuring body glucose levels, there are available portableand laboratory assessment techniques. Therefore, aiming at futureclinical trials on body glucose variation in dogs, it had the purpose ofobserving the feasibility of a continuous interstitial glucose monitoringsystem named CGMS® (Continuous Glucose Monitoring System,Guardian Real-Time System/Medtronic/U.S.A.). Eight clinically healthydogs composed the study group and all of them presented the highestinterstitial glucose values during the contention and obtaining processof venous blood samples for the device calibration and the lowest valuesduring the night period due to the lack of manipulation. It was alsoperformed the comparison of venous and interstitial glucose, evaluatedat the same moment and presenting a good agreement betweenthemselves. The median values of glucose obtained from venousroute were 82,5mg/dL; 81mg/dL; 80mg/dL; 78mg/dL; 86,5mg/dL;83mg/dL; 84mg/dL; 99,5mg/dL whereas those.evaluated.by.CGMS®.corresponded.to 77mg/dL; 77mg/dL; 69mg/dL; 80mg/dL; 81,5mg/dL;76mg/dL; 52,5mg/dL; e 86mg/dL. There has been certain situations ofnon-recording of data by removal of the sensor and light inflammatorycutaneous reaction on the fixation site. Results obtained confirmed theefficacy of CGMS® on the assessment of interstitial glucose withinthe home settings and assisted, moreover also evidencing the need oftraining to the device owner regarding its related handling.

Uso do glicosímetro portátil para a mensuração da glicemia em potros neonatos da raça Mangalarga Marchador / Use of portable glucometer for glycemia measurement in Mangalarga Marchador neonatal foals

O presente estudo objetivou avaliar a utilização do glicosímetro portátil para a mensuração da glicemia em potros neonatos considerando como controle os resultados mensurados por meio de teste laboratorial (TL) determinando-se assim se os valores de glicemia obtidos pelo glicosímetro portátil (GP) que estão de acordo com a Food and Drug Administration. Utilizou-se potros neonatos de ambos os sexos, hígidos, com até 30 dias de idade. Foram colhidas amostras sanguíneas para a mensuração no GP e TL, nos momentos: A: 0 à 12 horas; B: 24 à 36 horas; C: 72 horas; D: 7 dias; E: 15 dias e F: 30 dias de vida. As variações dos níveis glicêmicos obtidas no TL foram comparadas pela análise de variância ANOVA a nível de 5% de significância. Para comparação dos resultados do GP e TL entre os momentos A, B, C, D e F utilizou-se o teste t, e para o momento E, o teste de Mann-Whitney ambos com nível de 5% de significância. A variação percentual entre os resultados com TL e GP foi obtida pela diferença entre a média obtida pelo TL e a média obtida pelo GP. Não houve diferença dos níveis glicêmicos obtidos pelo TL entre os momentos. A média glicêmica para o período neonatal foi 152,11 mg/dL. Não houve diferença entre os resultados obtidos por meio do GP e TL. As mensurações obtidas com o GP variaram entre 99 e 183 mg/dL e as taxas de erro entre 2,68 a 11,55%. Não houve alterações significativas nas concentrações glicêmicas durante o período neonatal. O GP demonstrou precisão similar ao TL na determinação dos níveis glicêmicos. A taxa de erro do GP permaneceu dentro do limite exigido pela FDA, assegurando a sua utilização para a monitoração da glicemia em potros neonatais

This study aimed to evaluate the use of portable blood glucose meter to measure glucose levels in neonatal foals considering how to control the results measured by laboratory test (TL) determining thereby the blood glucose values obtained by the portable blood glucose meter (GP) are in According to the Food and Drug Administration. It was used in neonatal foals of both sexes, healthy, up to 30 days of age. Blood samples were collected to measure the GP and TL in times: A: 0 to 12 hours; B: 24 to 36 hours; C: 72 hours; D: 7 days; E: and F 15 days 30 days of life. Changes in blood glucose levels obtained at TL were compared by ANOVA at 5%level of significance. For comparison of the results of the GP and TL between times A, B, C, D and F used the test, and the time and the Mann-Whitney test both with the 5% level of significance. The percentage variation between the results with WB and WG was obtained by the difference between the mean obtained by TL and the mean obtained by the GP. There was no difference in glycemic levels obtained by the TL between times. The average blood glucose for the neonatal period was 152,11 mg / dL. There was no difference between the results obtained by the GP and TL. The measurements obtained with GP ranged between 99 and 183 mg / dL and error rates between the 2,68 an 11,55% . There were no significant changes in blood glucose concentrations during the neonatal period. The GP demonstrated similar accuracy when TL in the determination of blood glucose levels.The GP error rate remained within the limits required by the FDA, ensuring their use for monitoring glucose levels in neonatal foals

Monitoração contínua da glicose intersticial em cães sadios / Continuous monitoring of interstitial glucose in healthy dogs

A manutenção da glicose corpórea em níveis adequados é primordialpara o controle da homeostase, oferecendo substrato energético fundamentalpara o bom funcionamento orgânico. Para a mensuração daglicose corpórea, estão disponíveis técnicas de avaliações portáteis e laboratoriais.Assim, visando a futuros estudos clínicos das variações daglicose corpórea em cães, objetivou-se observar a exequibilidade de umsistema de monitoramento contínuo da glicose intersticial denominadoCGMS® (Continuous Glucose Monitoring System, Sistema GuardianReal-Time®/Medtronic /E.U.A.). O grupo de estudo foi composto poroito cães clinicamente hígidos, e todos os animais estudados apresentaramos maiores valores de glicose intersticial durante o processo decontenção e obtenção da amostra de sangue venoso para a calibraçãodo aparelho, e os menores valores durante o período noturno devido àausência de manipulação. Também foi observado que a comparação daglicose venosa e intersticial, realizadas em um mesmo momento, apresentouuma boa concordância entre si. Os valores de mediana de glicoseobtidos via venosa foram 82,5mg/dL; 81mg/dL; 80mg/dL; 78mg/dL;86,5mg/dL; 83mg/dL; 84mg/dL; 99,5mg/dL. Já as que foram avaliadaspelo.CGMS®,corresponderam a 77mg/dL; 77mg/dL; 69mg/dL; 80mg/dL; 81,5mg/dL; 76mg/dL; 52,5mg/dL; e 86mg/dL. Houve situaçõespontuais de não registro de dados por remoção do sensor e de reaçãocutânea inflamatória leve no local de fixação. Os resultados obtidos confirmaram a eficácia do CGMS® na avaliação da glicose intersticial emâmbito doméstico e assistido, evidenciando, também, a necessidade detreinamento do proprietário quanto ao manuseio do aparelho.(AU)

The maintenance of body glucose in proper levels is of paramountimportance to the homeostasis control, offering a fundamentalenergetic substrate for the proper organic performance. For thepurposes of measuring body glucose levels, there are available portableand laboratory assessment techniques. Therefore, aiming at futureclinical trials on body glucose variation in dogs, it had the purpose ofobserving the feasibility of a continuous interstitial glucose monitoringsystem named CGMS® (Continuous Glucose Monitoring System,Guardian Real-Time System/Medtronic/U.S.A.). Eight clinically healthydogs composed the study group and all of them presented the highestinterstitial glucose values during the contention and obtaining processof venous blood samples for the device calibration and the lowest valuesduring the night period due to the lack of manipulation. It was alsoperformed the comparison of venous and interstitial glucose, evaluatedat the same moment and presenting a good agreement betweenthemselves. The median values of glucose obtained from venousroute were 82,5mg/dL; 81mg/dL; 80mg/dL; 78mg/dL; 86,5mg/dL;83mg/dL; 84mg/dL; 99,5mg/dL whereas those.evaluated.by.CGMS®.corresponded.to 77mg/dL; 77mg/dL; 69mg/dL; 80mg/dL; 81,5mg/dL;76mg/dL; 52,5mg/dL; e 86mg/dL. There has been certain situations ofnon-recording of data by removal of the sensor and light inflammatorycutaneous reaction on the fixation site. Results obtained confirmed theefficacy of CGMS® on the assessment of interstitial glucose withinthe home settings and assisted, moreover also evidencing the need oftraining to the device owner regarding its related handling.(AU)

Uso do glicosímetro portátil para a mensuração da glicemia em potros neonatos da raça Mangalarga Marchador / Use of portable glucometer for glycemia measurement in Mangalarga Marchador neonatal foals

O presente estudo objetivou avaliar a utilização do glicosímetro portátil para a mensuração da glicemia em potros neonatos considerando como controle os resultados mensurados por meio de teste laboratorial (TL) determinando-se assim se os valores de glicemia obtidos pelo glicosímetro portátil (GP) que estão de acordo com a Food and Drug Administration. Utilizou-se potros neonatos de ambos os sexos, hígidos, com até 30 dias de idade. Foram colhidas amostras sanguíneas para a mensuração no GP e TL, nos momentos: A: 0 à 12 horas; B: 24 à 36 horas; C: 72 horas; D: 7 dias; E: 15 dias e F: 30 dias de vida. As variações dos níveis glicêmicos obtidas no TL foram comparadas pela análise de variância ANOVA a nível de 5% de significância. Para comparação dos resultados do GP e TL entre os momentos A, B, C, D e F utilizou-se o teste t, e para o momento E, o teste de Mann-Whitney ambos com nível de 5% de significância. A variação percentual entre os resultados com TL e GP foi obtida pela diferença entre a média obtida pelo TL e a média obtida pelo GP. Não houve diferença dos níveis glicêmicos obtidos pelo TL entre os momentos. A média glicêmica para o período neonatal foi 152,11 mg/dL. Não houve diferença entre os resultados obtidos por meio do GP e TL. As mensurações obtidas com o GP variaram entre 99 e 183 mg/dL e as taxas de erro entre 2,68 a 11,55%. Não houve alterações significativas nas concentrações glicêmicas durante o período neonatal. O GP demonstrou precisão similar ao TL na determinação dos níveis glicêmicos. A taxa de erro do GP permaneceu dentro do limite exigido pela FDA, assegurando a sua utilização para a monitoração da glicemia em potros neonatais(AU)

This study aimed to evaluate the use of portable blood glucose meter to measure glucose levels in neonatal foals considering how to control the results measured by laboratory test (TL) determining thereby the blood glucose values obtained by the portable blood glucose meter (GP) are in According to the Food and Drug Administration. It was used in neonatal foals of both sexes, healthy, up to 30 days of age. Blood samples were collected to measure the GP and TL in times: A: 0 to 12 hours; B: 24 to 36 hours; C: 72 hours; D: 7 days; E: and F 15 days 30 days of life. Changes in blood glucose levels obtained at TL were compared by ANOVA at 5%level of significance. For comparison of the results of the GP and TL between times A, B, C, D and F used the test, and the time and the Mann-Whitney test both with the 5% level of significance. The percentage variation between the results with WB and WG was obtained by the difference between the mean obtained by TL and the mean obtained by the GP. There was no difference in glycemic levels obtained by the TL between times. The average blood glucose for the neonatal period was 152,11 mg / dL. There was no difference between the results obtained by the GP and TL. The measurements obtained with GP ranged between 99 and 183 mg / dL and error rates between the 2,68 an 11,55% . There were no significant changes in blood glucose concentrations during the neonatal period. The GP demonstrated similar accuracy when TL in the determination of blood glucose levels.The GP error rate remained within the limits required by the FDA, ensuring their use for monitoring glucose levels in neonatal foals(AU)

Avaliação de três glicosímetros portáteis para mensuração de glicemia em cães

Glicosímetros ou sensores portáteis são dispositivos utilizados para mensuração da glicemia de forma rápida e com baixo custo. Os sensores portáteis são amplamente utilizados na rotina veterinária e por tutores que necessitam destes aparelhos para o monitoramento de enfermidades que exigem acompanhamento contínuo das glicemias, principalmente pacientes com diagnóstico de diabetes mellitus. Entretanto, nem todos os glicosímetros (humanos e veterinários) disponíveis no mercado são acurados para esta finalidade. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a precisão analítica e clínica de três glicosímetros portáteis por meio de análise estatística descritiva e comparativa, correlações entre os três glicosímetros e o método padrão, avaliações conforme as normativas ISO 15197:2003 e ISO 15197:2013 e análise da grade de erros. Os glicosímetros portáteis avaliados (FreeStyle Freedom Lite®; FreeStyle Optium Neo® e On Call Plus®) foram calibrados com soluções-controle disponibilizadas pelos fabricantes e manuseados conforme os manuais de cada modelo. O trabalho avaliou 115 amostras de 82 cães em diferentes faixas glicêmicas (hipoglicemia, normoglicemia e hiperglicemia) em pacientes com hematócrito normal. Os resultados obtidos com os glicosímetros foram comparados com o método laboratorial de referência enzimático colorimétrico glicose oxidase. Conclui-se que o glicosímetro FreeStyle Optium Neo® obteve o melhor desempenho, sendo a melhor opção a ser utilizada para mensuração da glicemia em cães, entre os glicosímetros avaliados neste estudo.

Glucometers or portable sensors are devices used to measure blood glucose quickly and at a low cost. Portable sensors are widely used in the veterinary routine and by animal owners who need these devices to monitor diseases that require continuous monitoring of blood glucose, especially patients diagnosed with diabetes mellitus. However, not all commercially available (human and veterinary) glucometers are accurate for this purpose. The goal of this study was to evaluate the analytical and clinical accuracy of three portable glucometers through descriptive and comparative statistical analysis, correlations between the three glucometers and the standard method, evaluations according to ISO 15197:2003 and ISO 15197:2013 standards, and error grid analysis. The portable glucometers evaluated (FreeStyle Freedom Lite®; FreeStyle Optium Neo®, and On Call Plus®) were calibrated with control solutions made available by the manufacturers, and handled according to the manuals of each model. The study evaluated 115 samples from 82 dogs in different glycemic ranges (hypoglycemia, normoglycemia, and hyperglycemia) in patients with normal hematocrit. The results obtained with the glucometers were compared with the enzymatic colorimetric glucose oxidase laboratory method of reference. It is concluded that the FreeStyle Optium Neo® glucometer had the best performance, being the best option to be used in the measurement of dogs blood glucose, among the glucometers evaluated in this study.

MUCOSA LABIAL COMO SÍTIO ALTERNATIVO PARA MONITORAÇÃO GLICÊMICA TRANSCIRÚRGICA DE CÃES E GATOS SAUDÁVEIS

Este projeto teve por objetivo investigar a viabilidade e a validade da amostragem de sangue obtida da mucosa labial superior de cães e gatos saudáveis para monitoração da glicemia transcirúrgica. Para tanto, valores de glicemia obtidos na mucosa labial superior de 24 cães e 31 gatos saudáveis submetidos à esterilização cirúrgica eletiva foram comparados às glicemias dos demais sítios de aferição descritos por capilaridade (pavilhão auricular, coxim acessório canino/ metacárpico felino e venoso periférico) e à glicemia obtida pelo método laboratorial enzimático colorimétrico. A mucosa labial superior em cães e gatos apresentou-se como um sítio de fácil acesso para obtenção de uma suficiente amostra de sangue, e as glicemias obtidas deste sítio correlacionam-se positivamente com todas as demais glicemias aferidas em cães e gatos. Quando submetidas à análise pela Grade de Erros (Parkes et al. 2000) modificada para uso em animais, 100% das amostras aferidas pelos glicosímetros encaixaram-se nas zonas clinicamente aceitáveis e de acurácia analítica (zonas A e B). Dessa maneira, conclui-se que a mucosa labial superior de cães e gatos se mostrou como um sítio viável e preciso para monitoração da glicemia transcirúrgica de cães e gatos saudáveis, revelando-se promissora para o controle glicêmico alternativo também de animais portadores de desequilíbrios glicêmicos.

This project aimed to investigate the feasibility and legitimacy of sampling blood obtained from the upper labial mucosa of healthy dogs and cats for monitoring transsurgical glycemic status. Blood glucose values (BG) obtained from the upper labial mucosa of 24 dogs and 31 healthy cats submitted to elective surgical sterilization were compared to BG obtained from other sites (ear, carpal pad in dog/ the metacarpal pad in cat and peripheral blood obtained from jugular vein) and BG obtained by the enzymatic-colorimetric method (Trinder). The labial mucosa in dogs and cats presented as an easily accessible site to obtain a generous blood sample, and the glycemia obtained from this site correlates positively with all other blood glucose levels measured in dogs and cats. When subjected by the error grid analysis (Parkes et al. 2000) modified for use in animals, 100% of BG, obtained by the glucometers, were distributed in clinically acceptable and analytical precision zones (zones A and B). The labial mucosa of dogs and cats has been shown to be a feasible and accurate site for monitoring transsurgical BG in healthy dogs and cats, been also a promising alternative site to evaluate BG in animals with glycemic imbalances.