Peripheral nerve sheath tumor in the upper eyelid in a dog

Background: Peripheral nerve sheath tumors are most commonly found on the head and neck regions of both dogs and people. Schwannomas are rarely observed in ophthalmic areas. When they occur, ocular Schwannomas are usually located in the orbit, uveal tract and conjunctiva. The occurrence of uveal schwannoma, a subset of PNST has been well documented in the veterinary literature. PNST has never been observed in the eyelids of dogs. Therefore, the present report aimed to describe the surgical treatment and outcome of a PNST located in the upper eyelid of a dog. Case: A 9-year-old, spayed female mixed-breed dog was referred for evaluation of a large mass involving the right upper eyelid for a duration of approximately one month. The inspection revealed sero-sanguinolent discharge and an oval-shaped mass occupying more than 70% of the right upper eyelid. A presumptive diagnosis of eyelid neoplasia was considered most likely. Excision of the entire mass with a 2 cm margin was performed. The third eyelid and dorso-medial bulbar conjunctiva were also removed. Upper eyelid reconstruction was performed based on a similar technique previously described in cats (lip-to-lid flap). As a result, neoplastic spindle cells exhibited immunoreactivity for S100 and intense cytoplasmic staining for vimentin, supporting the diagnosis of schwannoma. Fifteen days later, the margins of the subdermal pattern flap were healed and skin sutures were removed. On the last follow-up, 9 months post-surgery, the dog was visual, and the flap was well incorporated and covered the ocular surface. Ten months later, another large mass arising from the right inferior palpebral conjunctiva was observed. Once ultrasound revealed orbital invasion exenteration combined with orbitectomy were performed, and the defect was covered with an auricular axial pattern flap. The second tumor had the same histological and immunohistochemical characteristics of the first mass. Both tumors expressed Ki67; however, the PI in the second mass was higher (7.9%) than the first (3.4%). Discussion: Reported eyelid neoplasms in dogs include adenomas and adenocarcinomas of the meibomian glands, melanomas, fibroma, fibrosarcoma, histiocytoma, mastocytoma, lipomas, papillomas, and squamous cell carcinomas. To the author's knowledge, however, this is the first case description of a PNST affecting the eyelid in a dog. The histologic distinction between PNSTs and other spindle cell tumors, including myxosarcoma, fibrosarcoma, leiomyosarcoma, hemangiopericytoma, and melanoma can be challenging and requires immunohistochemical stainin. S100 is an acidic protein that identifies various nervous tissue cells, including Schwann cells, and the majority of canine PNSTs diffusely express this molecule. As in the case presented here, neoplastic cells of different ocular and adnexal structures were also positive for S100 and vimentin in all PNSTs previously reported in the veterinary literature. This is the first report of PNST affecting the eyelid in a dog. The lip-to-lid flap is a feasible technique to reconstruct the upper eyelid following wide surgical removal of a tumor in dogs. However, the authors suggest radical surgery combining orbitectomy, exenteration and a miocutaneous flap if PNST is diagnosed in the eyelids of dogs. They also caution once recurrence is possible and can be more aggressive.(AU)

Histiocitoma cutâneo canino: relato de caso / Canine cutaneous histiocytoma: case report

O histiocitoma cutâneo canino é um tumor benigno de células redondas, sendo uma das neoplasias cutâneas mais comuns visto em cães jovens. Este trabalho, tem o objetivo de relatar um caso de um canino jovem diagnosticado com histiocitoma. Após um exame clínico inicial o animal foi encaminhado para o exame de citologia aspirativa por agulha fina, o qual evidenciou alterações características de um histiocitoma. A causa etiológica é de origem desconhecida. Não foi realizado procedimento cirúrgico para exérese do tumor, e sim, instituído tratamento conservador, havendo remissão total do tumor após duas semanas.

Canine cutaneus histiocytoma is a benign round cell tumor, being one of the most common cutaneous neoplasms seen in young dogs. This paper aims to report a case of a canine diagnosed with histiocytoma. After an initial clinical examination the animal was referred to the fine needle aspiration cytology, which showed characteristics changes of a histiocytoma. The etiological cause is of unknown origin. No surgical procedure was performed for tumor excision, but conservative treatment was institued with total tumor remission after two weeks.

Histiocitoma cutâneo canino: relato de caso / Canine cutaneous histiocytoma: case report

O histiocitoma cutâneo canino é um tumor benigno de células redondas, sendo uma das neoplasias cutâneas mais comuns visto em cães jovens. Este trabalho, tem o objetivo de relatar um caso de um canino jovem diagnosticado com histiocitoma. Após um exame clínico inicial o animal foi encaminhado para o exame de citologia aspirativa por agulha fina, o qual evidenciou alterações características de um histiocitoma. A causa etiológica é de origem desconhecida. Não foi realizado procedimento cirúrgico para exérese do tumor, e sim, instituído tratamento conservador, havendo remissão total do tumor após duas semanas.(AU)

Canine cutaneus histiocytoma is a benign round cell tumor, being one of the most common cutaneous neoplasms seen in young dogs. This paper aims to report a case of a canine diagnosed with histiocytoma. After an initial clinical examination the animal was referred to the fine needle aspiration cytology, which showed characteristics changes of a histiocytoma. The etiological cause is of unknown origin. No surgical procedure was performed for tumor excision, but conservative treatment was institued with total tumor remission after two weeks.(AU)

Progressive histiocytosis of non-epitheliotropic dendritic cells in a feline

Background: Histiocytic tumors in felines are nodules that commonly develop on limbs and head extremities. They can be divided into many subtypes including cutaneous histiocytoma, histiocytic sarcoma, reactive fibrohistiocytic nodule, Langerhans cell histiocytosis, and progressive feline dendritic cell. Despite the same origin, they have behaviors that differ from each other, thus it is important to confirm diagnosis with histopathological and immunohistochemical tests, because early identification can facilitate prognosis and treatment. In this study, we describe the pathological and immunohistochemical characteristics, enabling differentiation feline neoplasms derived from histiocytes. Case: A 5-year-old, crossbreed, male, feline presented with a nodulation at the base of the left ear. The mass was slow growing, partially alopecic, with no other changes associated with tumor development. The nodule was round and circumscribed, movable, with an elevated surface. He was referred for surgery and an elliptical sample around the tumor was carefully dissected. Routine histopathological evaluation was performed with hematoxylin and eosin (HE), as well as immunohistochemistry. Histopathology showed circumscribed proliferation of histiocytic cells, with abundant and eosinophilic cytoplasm. The proliferative cells were large and rounded, extending from the superficial dermis and basement membrane to the deep dermis. At the extremities, some cells had visible vacuoles. Mitotic activity ranged from 3 to 4 mitoses per field in 40x magnification. Immunohistochemistry showed positive staining for histocompatibility complex MCII and lysozyme antibodies, marking histiocytic cells. Labeling was positive for CD20 in cells of lymphoid lineage B and negative for E-cadherin. Histiocytic cells did not invade the epidermis; hence, proliferation was classified as nonepitheliotropic. These methods contribute to the literature regarding the...

Progressive histiocytosis of non-epitheliotropic dendritic cells in a feline

Background: Histiocytic tumors in felines are nodules that commonly develop on limbs and head extremities. They can be divided into many subtypes including cutaneous histiocytoma, histiocytic sarcoma, reactive fibrohistiocytic nodule, Langerhans cell histiocytosis, and progressive feline dendritic cell. Despite the same origin, they have behaviors that differ from each other, thus it is important to confirm diagnosis with histopathological and immunohistochemical tests, because early identification can facilitate prognosis and treatment. In this study, we describe the pathological and immunohistochemical characteristics, enabling differentiation feline neoplasms derived from histiocytes. Case: A 5-year-old, crossbreed, male, feline presented with a nodulation at the base of the left ear. The mass was slow growing, partially alopecic, with no other changes associated with tumor development. The nodule was round and circumscribed, movable, with an elevated surface. He was referred for surgery and an elliptical sample around the tumor was carefully dissected. Routine histopathological evaluation was performed with hematoxylin and eosin (HE), as well as immunohistochemistry. Histopathology showed circumscribed proliferation of histiocytic cells, with abundant and eosinophilic cytoplasm. The proliferative cells were large and rounded, extending from the superficial dermis and basement membrane to the deep dermis. At the extremities, some cells had visible vacuoles. Mitotic activity ranged from 3 to 4 mitoses per field in 40x magnification. Immunohistochemistry showed positive staining for histocompatibility complex MCII and lysozyme antibodies, marking histiocytic cells. Labeling was positive for CD20 in cells of lymphoid lineage B and negative for E-cadherin. Histiocytic cells did not invade the epidermis; hence, proliferation was classified as nonepitheliotropic. These methods contribute to the literature regarding the...(AU)

A review of neoplastic and non-neoplastic canine skin tumours in Trinidad from 2010-2015

This retrospective study was performed on samples submitted to the Pathology Unit of the School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, St. Augustine, Trinidad, during the period 2010 to 2015. A total of 471 non-inflammatory cutaneous masses were analyzed, of which 225 (47.8%) were malignant, 202 (42.9%) were benign and 44 (9.3%) were non-neoplastic. The most common malignant tumors were haemangiosarcoma, 50 (22.2%); mast cell tumour, 49 (21.8%); soft tissue sarcoma 35 (15.6%), lymphoma, 20 (8.9%) and melanoma 20 (8.9%). The most common benign tumors were haemangioma, 39 (19.3%); lipoma, 27 (13.4%), trichoblastoma, 26 (12.9%), histiocytoma 25 (12.4%), plasma cell tumor, 23 (11.4%) and papilloma 9 (4.5%). Common non-neoplastic skin lesions included collagen naevi, 26 (59.1%) and follicular cysts, 11 (25.0%). Mixed breed dogs 241 (51.2%), was most frequently represented with neoplasms followed by Rottweilers 50 (10.6%) and Pit bulls 48 (10.1%).

A review of neoplastic and non-neoplastic canine skin tumours in Trinidad from 2010-2015

This retrospective study was performed on samples submitted to the Pathology Unit of the School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, St. Augustine, Trinidad, during the period 2010 to 2015. A total of 471 non-inflammatory cutaneous masses were analyzed, of which 225 (47.8%) were malignant, 202 (42.9%) were benign and 44 (9.3%) were non-neoplastic. The most common malignant tumors were haemangiosarcoma, 50 (22.2%); mast cell tumour, 49 (21.8%); soft tissue sarcoma 35 (15.6%), lymphoma, 20 (8.9%) and melanoma 20 (8.9%). The most common benign tumors were haemangioma, 39 (19.3%); lipoma, 27 (13.4%), trichoblastoma, 26 (12.9%), histiocytoma 25 (12.4%), plasma cell tumor, 23 (11.4%) and papilloma 9 (4.5%). Common non-neoplastic skin lesions included collagen naevi, 26 (59.1%) and follicular cysts, 11 (25.0%). Mixed breed dogs 241 (51.2%), was most frequently represented with neoplasms followed by Rottweilers 50 (10.6%) and Pit bulls 48 (10.1%).(AU)

Hemangioma esclerosante mandibular em Paralichthys orbignyanus: relato de caso / Sclerosing hemangioma mandibular in Paralichthys orbignyanus: case report

Neste trabalho, descreveu-se o primeiro caso de hemangioma esclerosante registrado em um exemplar adulto do linguado Paralichthys orbignyanus. Produzido a partir de reprodução artificial, o peixe em questão tinha aproximadamente 10 anos de idade e fazia parte de um plantel de reprodutores. Ao ser retirado do tanque, notou-se a presença de lesão mandibular com escoriações e focos hemorrágicos. Amostras do tumor foram coletadas da mandíbula para análise histopatológica. Microscopicamente foi observada uma proliferação de numerosos vasos sanguíneos rodeados por um estroma conectivo denso. A etiologia dessa neoplasia é desconhecida, mas o fato de o exemplar ter permanecido por muitos anos em cativeiro pode ter contribuído para o surgimento desse tipo de lesão, devido aos choques mecânicos contra a parede do tanque que acontecem esporadicamente.(AU)

In this study, we described the first case of sclerosing haemangioma in an adult Brazilian flounder Paralichthys orbignyanus. Produced by artificial reproduction, the fish was approximately 10 years old and was maintained at a breeding stock. When removed from the tank, mandibular lesion with excoriations and hemorrhagic foci were noted. Tumor samples were collected from the mandible for histopathological analysis. Proliferation of numerous blood vessels surrounded by dense connective stroma was observed microscopically. The etiology of this neoplasia is unknown, but the fact that the specimen remained in captivity for many years, may have contributed to the appearance of this type of lesion, due to sporadic mechanical shocks to the tank wall.(AU)

Hemangioma esclerosante mandibular em Paralichthys orbignyanus: relato de caso / Sclerosing hemangioma mandibular in Paralichthys orbignyanus: case report

Neste trabalho, descreveu-se o primeiro caso de hemangioma esclerosante registrado em um exemplar adulto do linguado Paralichthys orbignyanus. Produzido a partir de reprodução artificial, o peixe em questão tinha aproximadamente 10 anos de idade e fazia parte de um plantel de reprodutores. Ao ser retirado do tanque, notou-se a presença de lesão mandibular com escoriações e focos hemorrágicos. Amostras do tumor foram coletadas da mandíbula para análise histopatológica. Microscopicamente foi observada uma proliferação de numerosos vasos sanguíneos rodeados por um estroma conectivo denso. A etiologia dessa neoplasia é desconhecida, mas o fato de o exemplar ter permanecido por muitos anos em cativeiro pode ter contribuído para o surgimento desse tipo de lesão, devido aos choques mecânicos contra a parede do tanque que acontecem esporadicamente.(AU)

In this study, we described the first case of sclerosing haemangioma in an adult Brazilian flounder Paralichthys orbignyanus. Produced by artificial reproduction, the fish was approximately 10 years old and was maintained at a breeding stock. When removed from the tank, mandibular lesion with excoriations and hemorrhagic foci were noted. Tumor samples were collected from the mandible for histopathological analysis. Proliferation of numerous blood vessels surrounded by dense connective stroma was observed microscopically. The etiology of this neoplasia is unknown, but the fact that the specimen remained in captivity for many years, may have contributed to the appearance of this type of lesion, due to sporadic mechanical shocks to the tank wall.(AU)

Diagnóstico histopatológico de dermatopatias em cães: estudo retrospectivo (2005-2015) / Histopathological diagnosis of skin diseases in dogs: retrospective study (2005-2015)

O objetivo deste trabalho foi realizar um estudo retrospectivo das biopsias de dermatopatias diagnosticadas em cães da região Oeste Paulista, SP, Brasil. A avaliação foi realizada pela análise dos dados relativos ao diagnóstico histopatológico, raça, idade, sexo e localização anatômica, considerando-se um intervalo de 10 anos (2005 a 2015). Dos 395 casos analisados, 85% eram neoplasias (64%, 214/336 malignas e 34%, 122/334 benignas), 11% alterações inflamatórias, 3,2% hiperplasias e formações císticas, 0,5% parasitária e 0,2% doença imunomediada. Os cães da raça Poodle (9,6%), Boxer (9,1%), Pit Bull (8,1%), Rotweiller (4,8%) e Cocker Spaniel (4,8%) foram os mais afetados pelas dermatopatias. A média de idade do cães foi 7,2 anos e machos (44,8%) foram mais acometidos. As principais localizações anatômicas das dermatopatias foram tronco (38,2%), seguido dos membros (21%) e cabeça (19,2%). Os tumores malignos mais frequentes foram o mastocitoma (22,6%), hemangiossarcoma (8,3%), melanoma (8%) e carcinoma de células escamosas (5,9%). Os principais tumores benignos foram histiocitoma (7,4%), lipoma (3,8%), hemangioma (3,3%), adenoma perianal (2,7%) e tricoblastoma (2,7%). As raças Boxer e Pit Bull mostraram uma alta frequência de mastocitoma e hemangiosarcoma respectivamente. No presente trabalho observou-se uma elevada frequência de neoplasias, principalmente malignas, refletindo as características da população canina e da rotina diagnóstica na região Oeste Paulista.

The aim of this study was to perform a retrospective study of skin diseases biopsies diagnosed in dogs from Oeste Paulista, SP, Brazil. The evaluation was stablished by analyzing of the data relative to histopathological diagnosis, breed, age, sex and anatomic localization over a 10-year period (2005 to 2010). From the 395 cases analyzed, 85% were neoplasia (64%, 214/336 malignant and 34%, 122/334 benign) , 11% inflamatory changes, 3,2% hyperplasia and cystic formation, 0,5% parasitic and 0,2% imunomediated disease. The pure breed dogs such as Poodle (9,6%), Boxer (9,1%), Pit Bull (8,1%), Rotweiller (4,8%) e Cocker Spaniel (4,8%) were the most representative breeds affected by the skin diseases. The mean age of the dogs was 7,2 and the male (44,8%) were over represented. The main anatomic localization of the skin diseases were the tronco (38,2%), followed by the limbs (21%) and the head (19,2%).The most frequente malignant tumors observed were mastocitoma (22,6%), hemangiosarcoma (8,3%), melanoma (8%) and squamous cell carcinoma (5,9%). The main benign tumors were histiocytoma (7,4%), lipoma (3,8%), hemangioma (3,3%), perianal adenoma (2,7%) and trichoblastoma (2,7%). The Boxer and Pitt Bull breed showed high frequency of mastocima and hemangiosarcoma, respectively. In the present study, was observed a high frequency of tumors, mainly malignant, reflecting the canine population features and the diagnostic routine in the Oeste Paulista.

Diagnóstico histopatológico de dermatopatias em cães: estudo retrospectivo (2005-2015) / Histopathological diagnosis of skin diseases in dogs: retrospective study (2005-2015)

O objetivo deste trabalho foi realizar um estudo retrospectivo das biopsias de dermatopatias diagnosticadas em cães da região Oeste Paulista, SP, Brasil. A avaliação foi realizada pela análise dos dados relativos ao diagnóstico histopatológico, raça, idade, sexo e localização anatômica, considerando-se um intervalo de 10 anos (2005 a 2015). Dos 395 casos analisados, 85% eram neoplasias (64%, 214/336 malignas e 34%, 122/334 benignas), 11% alterações inflamatórias, 3,2% hiperplasias e formações císticas, 0,5% parasitária e 0,2% doença imunomediada. Os cães da raça Poodle (9,6%), Boxer (9,1%), Pit Bull (8,1%), Rotweiller (4,8%) e Cocker Spaniel (4,8%) foram os mais afetados pelas dermatopatias. A média de idade do cães foi 7,2 anos e machos (44,8%) foram mais acometidos. As principais localizações anatômicas das dermatopatias foram tronco (38,2%), seguido dos membros (21%) e cabeça (19,2%). Os tumores malignos mais frequentes foram o mastocitoma (22,6%), hemangiossarcoma (8,3%), melanoma (8%) e carcinoma de células escamosas (5,9%). Os principais tumores benignos foram histiocitoma (7,4%), lipoma (3,8%), hemangioma (3,3%), adenoma perianal (2,7%) e tricoblastoma (2,7%). As raças Boxer e Pit Bull mostraram uma alta frequência de mastocitoma e hemangiosarcoma respectivamente. No presente trabalho observou-se uma elevada frequência de neoplasias, principalmente malignas, refletindo as características da população canina e da rotina diagnóstica na região Oeste Paulista.(AU)

The aim of this study was to perform a retrospective study of skin diseases biopsies diagnosed in dogs from Oeste Paulista, SP, Brazil. The evaluation was stablished by analyzing of the data relative to histopathological diagnosis, breed, age, sex and anatomic localization over a 10-year period (2005 to 2010). From the 395 cases analyzed, 85% were neoplasia (64%, 214/336 malignant and 34%, 122/334 benign) , 11% inflamatory changes, 3,2% hyperplasia and cystic formation, 0,5% parasitic and 0,2% imunomediated disease. The pure breed dogs such as Poodle (9,6%), Boxer (9,1%), Pit Bull (8,1%), Rotweiller (4,8%) e Cocker Spaniel (4,8%) were the most representative breeds affected by the skin diseases. The mean age of the dogs was 7,2 and the male (44,8%) were over represented. The main anatomic localization of the skin diseases were the tronco (38,2%), followed by the limbs (21%) and the head (19,2%).The most frequente malignant tumors observed were mastocitoma (22,6%), hemangiosarcoma (8,3%), melanoma (8%) and squamous cell carcinoma (5,9%). The main benign tumors were histiocytoma (7,4%), lipoma (3,8%), hemangioma (3,3%), perianal adenoma (2,7%) and trichoblastoma (2,7%). The Boxer and Pitt Bull breed showed high frequency of mastocima and hemangiosarcoma, respectively. In the present study, was observed a high frequency of tumors, mainly malignant, reflecting the canine population features and the diagnostic routine in the Oeste Paulista.(AU)

Neoplasmas em suínos: 37 casos / Neoplasia in swine: 37 cases

Neoplasmas em suínos são raros. Esse trabalho descreve os neoplasmas encontrados em suínos na rotina diagnóstica de um laboratório de patologia veterinária localizado na Região Central do Rio Grande do Sul. Durante um período de 49 anos, 2.266 casos de várias afecções em suínos foram encontrados, dos quais 37 (1,6%) eram neoplasmas. Em ordem decrescente de frequência, os seguintes neoplasmas foram encontrados: Linfoma (11/37), nefroblastoma (11/37), melanoma (8/37) e papiloma (2/37). Adicionalmente, um caso de cada um dos seguintes tumores foi observado: Adenoma hepatocelular, carcinoma hepatocelular, colangiocarcinoma, histiocitoma fibroso maligno e sarcoma granulocítico. O aspecto macroscópico e histológico desses tumores é descrito e a sua epidemiologia é comparada com os dados disponíveis na literatura para neoplasia suína.(AU)

Neoplasms in swine are rare. This paper describes neoplasms found in swine in the diagnostic routine of a veterinary pathology laboratory in the Central Region of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil during a 49-year period, during which 2,266 cases of the various affections in swine were diagnosed. Of those 37 cases (1.6%) were neoplasms. In decreasing order of prevalence, the following neoplasms were found: lymphoma (11 out of 37 cases), nephroblastoma (11/37), melanoma (8/37), and papilloma (2/37). Adenoma hepatocelular, carcinoma hepatocelular, cholangiocarcinoma, malignant fibrous histiocytoma, granulocytic sarcoma were each found in one case out of the 37 cases. The gross and histological aspects of these tumors are described and their epidemiology is compared with the data available in the literature for neoplasia in swine.(AU)

AVALIAÇÃO IN VITRO DO POTENCIAL FAGOCITÁRIO DE CÉLULAS GIGANTES TUMORAIS DO HISTIOCITOMA FIBROSO MALIGNO CANINO

O Histiocitoma Fibroso Maligno é uma neoplasia incomum em cães, mas que pode surgir em vários tipos de tecidos do organismo e possui um prognóstico desfavorável, o que faz com que estudos avançados a seu respeito se tornem relevantes. O objetivo do presente trabalho foi investigar o potencial fagocítico de células do histiocitoma fibroso maligno canino e compará-lo com o de macrófagos derivados de monócitos do sangue periférico. Como ferramentas de estudo, foram utilizadas células DH82 originadas de um histiocitoma canino, na forma mononucleada e que receberam interleucina 4 (IL-4) adicionada ao meio de cultivo para formação de sua forma gigante multinucleada Com o intuito de avaliar o potencial fagocítico desse tipo celular neoplásico, essas células foram expostas a partículas de Zymosan conjugadas a molécula fluorescente FITC, e adquiridas em citômetro de fluxo. A citometria permitiu determinar a porcentagem de células que internalizaram ou não as partículas. Como resultado do experimento foram obtidos uma média de 69,2% de células mononucleares que fagocitaram as partículas de Zymosan e de 76,6% de células gigantes com esse mesmo potencial, não havendo diferença significativa entre as duas formas da célula. Com essa pesquisa foi possível determinar que o potencial fagocítico de suas células originárias, os monócitos, está presente nas células DH82 e DH82 gigantes, potencial este que provavelmente seja responsável, pelo menos em parte, pelo prognóstico desfavorável dessa doença.

Malignant Fibrous Histiocytoma is an uncommon neoplasm in dogs, but it can appear in many types of tissues in the body and has an unfavorable prognosis, making advanced studies of it relevant. As study tools, DH82 cells from an original dog histiocitoma in their mononuclear form and received inoculation of interleukin 4 (IL 4) in the culture medium, to become multinucleate giant DH82 cells. In addition, normal monocytes were collected from the peripheral whole blood of a healthy dog, also cultured in both forms, for comparison with the neoplastic cells. In order to evaluate the phagocytic potential of this neoplastic cell type, these cells were exposed to Zymosan particles conjugated to fluorescent molecule FITC and acquired on a flow cytometer. Cytometry allowed determining the percentage of cells that internalized or not the particles. As a result of the experiment, a mean of 69,2% of mononuclear cells that phagocytosed and 76,6% of giant cells with this same potential were obtained, since there was no difference between the two types of cells. With this research, it was possible to determine that the phagocytic potential of its original cells, monocytes, is present in DH82 and multinucleate giant DH82 cells, which showed that this potential is probably responsible, at least in part for the unfavorable prognosis of this disease.

Histomorphological and immunohistochemical characterization of 172 cutaneous round cell tumours in dogs / Caracterização histomorfológica e imuno-histoquímica de 172 neoplasias cutâneas de células redondas em cães

This paper describes the use of a panel of antibodies (CD117, CD3, CD79a, CD45, cytokeratin, vimentin and E-cadherin) on formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded sections of canine cutaneous round cell tumours. Neoplastic tumours were diagnosed by histology and histochemical stains and included 107 mast cell tumours, 31 cutaneous histiocytomas, two localized histiocytic sarcomas, 21 cutaneous lymphomas, three plasma cell tumours, one transmissible venereal tumour and seven unclassified round cell tumours. The histologic diagnosis was modified in 39.5% of the total 172 neoplasms. The staining for CD45 and Ecadherin were variable, and therefore, the final diagnoses of cutaneous histiocytoma and localized histiocytic sarcoma were made based on histology in association with negative results for CD3, CD79a, CD117 and cytokeratin. The cellular origin of unclassified round cell tumours was defined in all cases. Cutaneous B-cell lymphoma and plasma cell tumours were CD79a-positive and could be distinguished from each other by the morphological characteristics. Mast cell tumours and T cell lymphoma were CD117 and CD3 positive, respectively. The positive staining for vimentin and the negative staining for CD3, CD79a, CD117 and cytokeratin favoured the diagnosis of transmissible venereal tumours. Thus, the final diagnosis of cutaneous round cell tumours should be based on the interpretation of immunohistochemical results together with the cellular morphology observed by histology. Therefore, more studies to optimize the specific markers in formalin-fixed, paraffinembedded tissues (especially for histiocytes) are required for definitive diagnosis of round cell tumours in dogs.(AU)

Este trabalho descreve o uso de um painel de anticorpos (CD117, CD3, CD79a, CD45, citoqueratina, vimentina e e-caderina em tecidos formalizados e parafinizados para o diagnóstico de neoplasias de células redondas em cães. Os tumores foram diagnosticados usando-se a histopatologia e a marcação imuno-histoquímica. Foram incluídos 107 mastocitomas, 31 histiocitomas cutâneos, 2 sarcomas histiocíticos localizados, 21 linfomas cutâneos, 3 plasmocitomas, 1 tumor venéreo transmissível e 7 tumores de células redondas não classificados. O diagnóstico histológico foi modificado em 39,5% do total de 172 neoplasias. A marcação do anticorpo CD45 e E-caderina foi variável e, nesse sentido, o diagnóstico final de histiocitoma cutâneo e sarcoma histiocítico localizado foi baseado na histologia em associação com os resultados negativos para CD3, CD79a, CD117 e citoqueratina. A origem celular dos tumores de células redondas não classificados foi definida em todos os casos. Linfoma cutâneo de célula B e plasmocitoma foram positivos para CD79a e foram distinguidos entre si pelas características morfológicas. Marcação positiva para vimentina e negativa para CD3, CD79a, CD117 e citoqueratina favoreceram o diagnóstico dos tumores venereos transmissíveis. Assim, o diagnóstico final dos tumores de células redondas foram baseados na interpretação dos resultados da imuno-histoquímica em conjunto com a avaliação das características morfológicas observadas na histologia. Finalmente, mais estudos em relação à padronização de marcadores específicos para tecidos parafinizados (especialmente para histiócitos) são necessários para o diagnóstico definitivo das neoplasias de células redondas em cães.(AU)

Cutaneous tumors in dogs - A retrospective study of ten years

In this study were used 662 samples of skin tumors, from 644 dogs, originating from regions of the State of São Paulo, Brazil, between January 1998 and January 2008. The samples were obtained from necropsies (1.66%) and surgical excision (98.33 %). Twenty-three different types of skin tumors were diagnosed, with some animals affected (1.70%) by more than one morphological type. The mesenchymal tumors were categorized into eight different histological types with great occurrence (53.92%) followed by epithelial tumors (12 types; 35.04%), melanocytic tumors (one type; 6.64%) and hematopoietic tumors (two types; 4.38%). Mastocytoma, histiocytoma, squamous cell carcinoma, fibrosarcoma and melanocytoma were the most common tumors, accounting for just over 50% of all the cutaneous neoplasia. There were 53,27% of females and 46.73% of males; 72.81% of the dogs were purebred, while 27.19% were mongrels. The malignant tumors (59.51%) were more frequent than the benign tumors (40.49%). The occurrences of epithelial, mesenchymal and melanocytic tumors were statistically greater among dogs aged six to eleven years. Hematopoietic tumors were more frequent among animals aged zero to eight years. These results are important for small-animal clinics. They serve as a further tool to direct the diagnosing of cutaneous neoplasia in dogs as rapidly and precisely as possible.

Histiocitoma fibroso maligno em um cão relato de caso / Malignant fibrous histiocytom a in a dog: a case report

Um canino macho, de aproximadamente cinco anos de idade, da raça Pinscher, foi diagnosticado comum histiocitoma fibroso maligno nos cornetos nasais. A neoplasia é do tipo mesenquimal maligno, que sedesenvolve nos tecidos moles e abrange a derme e o tecido subcutâneo. O caso foi analisado com auxíliode exames radiográficos da cabeça, além do citopatológico, para maior precisão no prognóstico clínico.Diante da situação foi indicada a remoção cirúrgica do histiocitoma, e sendo esta uma das formas maisraras de neoplasias, se torna relevante a sua apresentação aos clínicos médicos veterinários.(AU)

A male dog, about five years old, Pinscher, was diagnosed with a malignant fibrous histiocytomaof the nasal turbinates. The tumor is malignant mesenchymal type, which develops in the soft tissueand covers the dermis and subcutaneous tissue. The casewas analyzed with the aid of X-rayexaminations of the head, in addition to cytology,for greater accuracy in clinical prognosis. Giventhe situation was nominated forsurgical removal of histiocytoma, and this being one of the rarestforms of cancer, it becomes relevant to their clinical presentation to veterinarians.(AU)

Retalho de padrão axial toracodorsal para correção de defeito extenso após excisão de histiocitoma fibroso maligno em canino relato de caso / Axial pattern thoracodorsal flap for treatment of large defect after malignant fibrous histiocytoma resection in a dog - case report

Os retalhos de pele em padrão axial toracodorsal são utilizados em cães para reconstruções do membrotorácico que envolvam desde a região média até a distal do antebraço. Relata-se um caso de excisão de histiocitoma fibroso maligno e reconstituição cirúrgica por meio do retalho supracitado em membro torácico de canino. Foram observadas como complicações edema, infecção, drenagem de líquido transparente da extremidade distal do membro através da interface pele-enxerto, seromae necrose parcial na região do olécrano e distal do retalho. Contudo, a maior parte do flape apresentou adequada cicatrização no leito receptor e o aspecto cosmético foi considerado satisfatório. Aos 40 dias de pós-operatório o animal veio à óbito subitamente. Na necropsia, observou-se miosite necrossupurativa nos membros posteriores em consequência de trombos oriundos de feocromocitoma maligno originário da adrenal direita.AU

Thoracodorsal axial pattern skin grafts are used in dogs for forelimb reconstructions involving since middleup to distal forearm regions. This paper reports a case of malignant fibrous histiocytoma excision in canine forelimb and its surgical reconstruction using thoracodorsal flap. The complications observed are swelling, infection, drainage of clear fluid from the distal limb through the skin-graft interface, seroma and partial flap necrosis. However, most flap area provided adequate healing in the receptor site and its cosmetic appearance was satisfactory. The animal sudden died in the 40th postoperative day. The necropsy showed necrosuppurative myositis in the hind limbs as a result of thrombus originating from a right adrenal malignant pheochromocytoma.

Retalho de padrão axial toracodorsal para correção de defeito extenso após excisão de histiocitoma fibroso maligno em canino – relato de caso / Axial pattern thoracodorsal flap for treatment of large defect after malignant fibrous histiocytoma resection in a dog - case report

Os retalhos de pele em padrão axial toracodorsal são utilizados em cães para reconstruções do membrotorácico que envolvam desde a região média até a distal do antebraço. Relata-se um caso de excisão de histiocitoma fibroso maligno e reconstituição cirúrgica por meio do retalho supracitado em membro torácico de canino. Foram observadas como complicações edema, infecção, drenagem de líquido transparente da extremidade distal do membro através da interface pele-enxerto, seromae necrose parcial na região do olécrano e distal do retalho. Contudo, a maior parte do flape apresentou adequada cicatrização no leito receptor e o aspecto cosmético foi considerado satisfatório. Aos 40 dias de pós-operatório o animal veio à óbito subitamente. Na necropsia, observou-se miosite necrossupurativa nos membros posteriores em consequência de trombos oriundos de feocromocitoma maligno originário da adrenal direita.

Thoracodorsal axial pattern skin grafts are used in dogs for forelimb reconstructions involving since middleup to distal forearm regions. This paper reports a case of malignant fibrous histiocytoma excision in canine forelimb and its surgical reconstruction using thoracodorsal flap. The complications observed are swelling, infection, drainage of clear fluid from the distal limb through the skin-graft interface, seroma and partial flap necrosis. However, most flap area provided adequate healing in the receptor site and its cosmetic appearance was satisfactory. The animal sudden died in the 40th postoperative day. The necropsy showed necrosuppurative myositis in the hind limbs as a result of thrombus originating from a right adrenal malignant pheochromocytoma.

Histiocitoma fibroso maligno em um cão – relato de caso / Malignant fibrous histiocytom a in a dog: a case report

Um canino macho, de aproximadamente cinco anos de idade, da raça Pinscher, foi diagnosticado comum histiocitoma fibroso maligno nos cornetos nasais. A neoplasia é do tipo mesenquimal maligno, que sedesenvolve nos tecidos moles e abrange a derme e o tecido subcutâneo. O caso foi analisado com auxíliode exames radiográficos da cabeça, além do citopatológico, para maior precisão no prognóstico clínico.Diante da situação foi indicada a remoção cirúrgica do histiocitoma, e sendo esta uma das formas maisraras de neoplasias, se torna relevante a sua apresentação aos clínicos médicos veterinários.

A male dog, about five years old, Pinscher, was diagnosed with a malignant fibrous histiocytomaof the nasal turbinates. The tumor is malignant mesenchymal type, which develops in the soft tissueand covers the dermis and subcutaneous tissue. The casewas analyzed with the aid of X-rayexaminations of the head, in addition to cytology,for greater accuracy in clinical prognosis. Giventhe situation was nominated forsurgical removal of histiocytoma, and this being one of the rarestforms of cancer, it becomes relevant to their clinical presentation to veterinarians.

Tumor venéreo transmissível cutâneo extragenital em cão: relato de caso / Extragenital transmissible venereal tumor cutaneous in bitches: a case report

O tumor venéreo transmissível (TVT) é uma neoplasia maligna de células redondas que comumente acomete genitálias e mucosas de canídeos, entretanto, a sua apresentação extragenital em pele é incomum.Os diagnósticos diferenciais são histiocitoma, histiocitose, mastocitoma, carcinoma espinocelular e linfoma epiteliotrópico. A citopatologia é um exame de baixo custo que facilmente confirma os casos de TVT, sendo importante em todos os casos de tumores cutâneos ulcerados, friáveis, sanguinolentos, mesmo que não haja lesão genital. Relata-se o caso de um cão da raça Shar-pei, fêmea, de 3 anos de idade com tumor venéreo transmissível extragenital diagnosticado por meio do exame citopatológico. O paciente estava gestante e, sob esclarecimento e consentimento do proprietário acerca do uso do sulfato de vincristina, o animal foi tratado com o protocolo padrão estabelecendo acura. Objetiva-se relatar a ocorrência dessa forma rara do TVT e assim alertar os colegas auxiliando em um diagnóstico precoce. (AU)

Transmissible venereal tumor (TVT) is a malignant neoplasm of round cells that commonly affects the genitals and mucous canids, however, its presentation in extragenital skin is unusual. The differential diagnoses are histiocytoma, histiocytosis, mast cell tumor, squamous cell carcinoma and epitheliotropic lymphoma. The cytopathology exam is a low cost easily confirmed cases of TVT, is important in all cases of cutaneous tumors ulcerated, friable, bloody, even if no genital lesion. We report the case of a dog of breed Shar-pei, female, 3 years old, with extragenital transmissible venereal tumor diagnosed by cytopathological exame. The patient was pregnant and, in clarifying and consent of the owner regarding the use of vincristine sulfate, the animal was treated with the standard protocol establishingthe cure. The objective is to report the occurrence of this rare form of TVT and so warn colleagues assisting in early diagnosis. (AU)