Creagrura Townes, 1971 and Ptilobaptus Townes, 1971 (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) from Brazilian Amazon: new records and comments about morphological variation

Creagrura nigripes Townes, 1971 is recorded for the first time for the Brazilian Amazon, in the states of Acre, Amapá, Amazonas, Pará and Roraima. Ptilobaptus cinctus Townes, 1971 is registered for the first time in Brazil. Additionally, diagnosis, digital images, distribution maps, as well as comments on intraspecific morphological variations in the species are provided.(AU)

Possibilidades de aplicação do Google My Maps em Unidades de Vigilância de Zoonoses / Possibilities of applying Google My Maps in Units of Surveillance of Zoonoses

A utilização de análises espaciais para conhecer a ocorrência e disseminação de doenças é fundamental na condução das ações de saúde. Espera-se que um bom sistema de vigilância possa responder em tempo oportuno os desafios diários de monitorar, controlar e prevenir a ocorrência de doenças. Neste sentido o uso de tecnologias de geoprocessamento na saúde pública auxilia estudos epidemiológicos e possibilitam o estabelecimento de estratégias de alocação de recursos humanos e financeiros de maneira eficiente.(AU)

Spatial variability of the occurrence of lesions on cattle carcasses in association with pre-slaughter factors in the forest-savannah transition zone

This study mapped cattle carcass lesions and associated the isoline maps with the occurrence factors of these lesions. Isoline maps were drawn by common kriging. The associated occurrence factors were the layout of the boards in the crowding tub (CT), characteristics of the hauling truck (general state and the presence of loose and/or sharp boards), broken boards in the corral (BBC), type of road covered (TRC), and animal falls upon unloading at the slaughterhouse (FAUS). The BBC showed a higher number of carcass lesions in the rib region. The data on FAUS and deterioration of hauling trucks fit an exponential model, with more carcass lesions in the rib and hindquarters, and plate regions, respectively. The data on spaced boards in the CT and TRC (mixed) showed greater carcass lesions in the rib region. Therefore, this method provides important information about the spatial distribution of lesions in bovine carcasses, and the drawing sheet used is adequate to represent such lesions.(AU)

Synopsis of the parasitic wasps Bephrata (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea, Eurytomidae) in Brazil / Sinopse das vespas parasitoides Bephrata (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea, Eurytomidae) no Brasil

This study is focused on the parasitic wasps Bephrata Cameron, 1884 (Hymenoptera, Eurytomidae), a small and poorly represented genus in entomological collections. Herein we report new geographical records to Bephrata bahiae (Ashmead, 1904), B. bouceki Gates & Hanson, 2009, B. cultriformis (Ashmead, 1894), B. leptogaster Gates & Hanson, 2009, B. lorraineae Gates & Hanson, 2009, B. ruficollis Cameron 1884 and B. ticos Gates & Hanson, 2009. Except for B. bahiae, B. chica Gates & Hanson, 2009 and B. christeri Gates & Hanson, 2009, all other studied species were recorded for the first time to Brazil. Additionally, we provide maps with the geographical distribution of the studied species based on the new records and literature data, and an identification key for the species recorded in Brazil. With these new records there are currently nine species of Bephrata known in Brazil.

O presente estudo tem foco nos Bephrata Cameron, 1884 (Hymenoptera, Eurytomidae), um pequeno gênero de vespas parasitoides pouco representado em coleções entomológicas. Aqui relatamos novos registros geográficos para Bephrata bahiae (Ashmead, 1904), B. bouceki Gates & Hanson, 2009, B. cultriformis (Ashmead, 1894), B. leptogaster Gates & Hanson, 2009, B. lorraineae Gates & Hanson, 2009, B. ruficollis Cameron 1884 and B. ticos Gates & Hanson, 2009. À exceção de B. bahiae, B. chica Gates & Hanson, 2009 e B. christeri Gates & Hanson, 2009, as demais espécies estudadas foram registradas pela primeira vez para o Brasil. Adicionalmente fornecemos mapas com a distribuição geográfica das espécies estudadas baseados em novos registros e dados da literatura e uma chave de identificação para espécies conhecidas para o Brasil. Com esses novos registros há, na atualidade, nove espécies de Bephrata conhecidas no Brasil.

Spatial variability of the stability of cohesive soil aggregates under conservation practices / Variabilidade espacial da estabilidade dos agregados de solo coeso sob práticas conservacionistas

The knowledge and characterization of aggregate stability are relevant to select adequate management and to avoidits degradation. Thus, this studyaimed to characterize the spatial variability of aggregate stability in cohesive soilsunder crop conservation systems. The experiment was performed intwo different areas of soybean production: no-tillage System (NTS) and livestock farming integration system (LFI), In each production area, a sampling mesh composed of 50 collection points, with a regular spacing of 40 m, at 0.00-0.20 mdepth, wascarried out. The results were expressed as a percentage of aggregates retained in sieves 2; 1; 0.5 and 0.25 mm, the values obtained were used to calculate the Mean Geometric Diameter (MGD) and Mean Weight Diameter (MWD). In the LFI system, which had a strong degree of spatial dependence (DSD), the attributes showed a moderate DSD, except for MWD. Generally, the reachedvalues of the attributes in the LFI system were lower than those found in the NTS system, showing less variability in the management system with no-tillage. Spatial distribution of the kriging maps demonstrated the LFI system leading to the formation of larger aggregates in the soil when compared to ones to the same attributes in the NTS. All attributes showed a strong to moderatespatial dependence. The soil managed with the LFI system revealed greater aggregate stability when compared to the NTS, which in turn presented less spatial variability than the LFI system and shows a more homogeneous soil.(AU)

O conhecimento e a caracterização da estabilidade dos agregados são relevantes para selecionar um manejo adequado e evitar sua degradação. Portanto, este estudoteve como objetivo caracterizar a variabilidade espacial da estabilidade de agregados em solos coesos sob sistemas de conservação de culturas. O experimento foi conduzido em duas áreas distintas de produção de soja: sistema de plantio direto (NTS) e sistema de integração pecuária (LFI). Foi realizada uma amostragem de 50 pontos de coleta, com espaçamento regular de 40 m, na profundidade de 0,00-0,20 m, em cada área de produção.Os resultados foram expressos como porcentagem de agregados retidos nas peneiras 2; 1; 0,5 e 0,25 mm, os valores obtidos foram utilizados para calcular o Diâmetro Médio Geométrico (DMM) e o Diâmetro Peso Médio (DMM). No sistema LFI, que possuía alto grau de dependência espacial (DDS), os atributos apresentaram um DSD moderado, exceto para MWD. De maneira geral, os valores de escopo dos atributos no sistema LFI foram inferiores aos encontrados no sistema NTS, apresentando menor variabilidade no sistema de manejo do plantio direto. A distribuição espacial dos mapas de krigagem mostrou que o sistema LFI leva à formação de agregados maiores no solo em comparação com outros com os mesmos atributos no NTS. Todos os atributos apresentaram dependência espacial de forte a moderada. O solo manejado com o sistema LFI revelou maior estabilidade dos agregados em relação ao NTS, que por sua vez apresentou menor variabilidade espacial do que o sistema LFI e apresenta um solo mais homogêneo.(AU)

Spatial analysis of factors influencing bacterial leaf blight in rice production / Análise espacial dos fatores que influenciam a praga bacteriana foliar na produção de arroz

Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo) causes bacterial leaf blight that is a major threat to rice production. Crop losses in extreme situations can reach up to75%, and millions of hectares of rice are affected each year. Management of the disease required information about the spatial distribution of BLB incidence, severity, and prevalence. In this study, major rice-growing areas of Pakistan were surveyed during 2018-2019 for disease occurrence, and thematic maps were developed using geographic information system (GIS). Results showed that Narowal district had highest percentage of disease incidence (54-69%), severity (42-44%), and prevalence (72-90%) meanwhile Jhung district had the lowest incidence (21-23%), severity (18-22%), and prevalence (45-54%). To understand the environmental factors contributing to this major rice disease, the research analyze, the spatial relationships between BLB prevalence and environmental variables. Those variables include relative humidity (RH), atmospheric pressure (A.P), minimum temperature, soil organic carbon, soil pH, and elevation, which were evaluated by using GIS-based Ordinary Least Square (OLS) spatial model. The fitted model had a coefficient of determination (R2) of 65 percent explanatory power of disease development. All environmental variables showed a general trend of positive correlation between BLB prevalence and environmental variables. The results show the potential for disease management and prediction using environmental variable and assessment.

Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo) causa o crestamento bacteriano das folhas, que é uma grande ameaça à produção de arroz. As perdas de safra em situações extremas podem chegar a 75% e a milhões de hectares de arroz são afetados a cada ano. O manejo da doença exigia informações sobre a distribuição espacial da incidência, gravidade e prevalência de BLB. Neste estudo, as principais áreas de cultivo de arroz do Paquistão foram pesquisadas durante 2018 e 2019 para ocorrência de doenças, e mapas temáticos foram desenvolvidos usando o sistema de informações geográficas (GIS). Os resultados mostraram que o distrito de Narowal teve a maior porcentagem de incidência da doença (54-69%), gravidade (42-44%) e prevalência (72-90%), enquanto o distrito de Jhung teve a menor incidência (21-23%), gravidade (18-22%) e prevalência (45-54%). Para compreender os fatores ambientais que contribuem para esta importante doença do arroz, a pesquisa analisa as relações espaciais entre a prevalência de BLB e as variáveis ​​ambientais. Essas variáveis ​​incluem umidade relativa (UR), pressão atmosférica (PA), temperatura mínima, carbono orgânico do solo, pH do solo e altitude, que sendo avaliadas a partir do modelo espacial Ordinary Least Square (OLS) baseado em GIS. O modelo ajustado teve um coeficiente de determinação (R2) de 65 por cento de poder explicativo do desenvolvimento da doença. Todas as variáveis ​​ambientais apresentaram tendência geral de correlação positiva entre prevalência de BLB e variáveis ​​ambientais. Os resultados mostram o potencial de manejo e predição de doenças usando variáveis ​​e avaliações ambientais.

Spatial dynamics of Amazonian commercial fisheries: an analysis of landscape composition and fish landings / Dinâmica espacial da pesca comercial amazônica: uma análise da composição da paisagem e dos desembarques de pescado

Amazonian commercial fishing is artisanal, and landings can be influenced by the flood pulse, the consumer market, the level of exploitation of species, habitat quality and vegetation cover. In this study, landscape variables and the river level were evaluated as possible drivers in the composition of catches landed in three regions of the SolimõesAmazon River. Fish landing data were collected in the upper and lower Solimões River and lower Amazon River. Fishing locations were mapped with information from fishers, civil defense departments and from the literature. Information related to river level and landscape was acquired from databases available online. Maps with the the radius of action of the fishing fleet and the quantification of landscape variables were made for periods of high and low-water, and non-metric multidimensional scaling analysis (nMDS) with catches by species, by region and hydrological period were performed. The largest operating radius of the fishing fleet was of 1,028 km and was identified in the lower Amazon River, which is probably due to the larger size of the consumer market, vessel characteristics and level of exploitation of the species near the landing center. The proportion of vegetation cover was reduced from 87% in the upper stretches of the Solimões River to 46% in the lower stretches. The upper and lower Solimões River regions presented a greater variety of species in the composition of landings. It was identified that the composition of landings between the three analyzed regions possibly varied according to the availability of habitats, indicating the importance of landscape variables for fish landings.

A pesca comercial amazônica é artesanal e os desembarques podem ser influenciados pelo pulso de inundação, mercado consumidor, nível de explotação das espécies, qualidade do hábitat e cobertura da vegetação. Nesse estudo, avaliamos as variáveis da paisagem e o nível do rio como possíveis impulsionadores na composição das capturas desembarcadas em três regiões do rio Solimões-Amazonas. Os dados de desembarque de pescado foram coletados no Alto e Baixo rio Solimões e Baixo rio Amazonas. Os locais de pesca foram mapeados com informações dos pescadores, da defesa civil e literatura. As informações relacionadas ao nível do rio e a paisagem foram adquiridas em bancos de dados disponíveis online. Mapas com o raio de atuação da frota pesqueira e a quantificação das variáveis da paisagem foram elaborados para períodos de águas altas e baixas e as análises de escalonamento multidimensional não-métrico (nMDS) com as capturas por espécie, por região e período hidrológico foram realizadas. O maior raio de atuação da frota pesqueira foi de 1.028 km e foi identificado no Baixo rio Amazonas provavelmente devido ao maior tamanho do mercado consumidor, características das embarcações e nível de explotação das espécies próximo do centro de desembarque. A proporção de cobertura de vegetação teve uma redução de 87% no trecho superior do rio Solimões para 46% no trecho inferior. As regiões do Alto e Baixo rio Solimões apresentaram maior variedade de espécies na composição dos desembarques. Foi identificada que a composição dos desembarques entre as três regiões analisadas variou possivelmente conforme a disponibilidade de hábitats, indicando a importância das variáveis da paisagem para os desembarques de pescado.

Methodology to filter out outliers in high spatial density data to improve maps reliability

ABSTRACT The considerable volume of data generated by sensors in the field presents systematic errors; thus, it is extremely important to exclude these errors to ensure mapping quality. The objective of this research was to develop and test a methodology to identify and exclude outliers in high-density spatial data sets, determine whether the developed filter process could help decrease the nugget effect and improve the spatial variability characterization of high sampling data. We created a filter composed of a global, anisotropic, and an anisotropic local analysis of data, which considered the respective neighborhood values. For that purpose, we used the median to classify a given spatial point into the data set as the main statistical parameter and took into account its neighbors within a radius. The filter was tested using raw data sets of corn yield, soil electrical conductivity (ECa), and the sensor vegetation index (SVI) in sugarcane. The results showed an improvement in accuracy of spatial variability within the data sets. The methodology reduced RMSE by 85 %, 97 %, and 79 % in corn yield, soil ECa, and SVI respectively, compared to interpolation errors of raw data sets. The filter excluded the local outliers, which considerably reduced the nugget effects, reducing estimation error of the interpolated data. The methodology proposed in this work had a better performance in removing outlier data when compared to two other methodologies from the literature.

Methodology to filter out outliers in high spatial density data to improve maps reliability

The considerable volume of data generated by sensors in the field presents systematic errors; thus, it is extremely important to exclude these errors to ensure mapping quality. The objective of this research was to develop and test a methodology to identify and exclude outliers in high-density spatial data sets, determine whether the developed filter process could help decrease the nugget effect and improve the spatial variability characterization of high sampling data. We created a filter composed of a global, anisotropic, and an anisotropic local analysis of data, which considered the respective neighborhood values. For that purpose, we used the median to classify a given spatial point into the data set as the main statistical parameter and took into account its neighbors within a radius. The filter was tested using raw data sets of corn yield, soil electrical conductivity (ECa), and the sensor vegetation index (SVI) in sugarcane. The results showed an improvement in accuracy of spatial variability within the data sets. The methodology reduced RMSE by 85 %, 97 %, and 79 % in corn yield, soil ECa, and SVI respectively, compared to interpolation errors of raw data sets. The filter excluded the local outliers, which considerably reduced the nugget effects, reducing estimation error of the interpolated data. The methodology proposed in this work had a better performance in removing outlier data when compared to two other methodologies from the literature.(AU)

Methodology to filter out outliers in high spatial density data to improve maps reliability

The considerable volume of data generated by sensors in the field presents systematic errors; thus, it is extremely important to exclude these errors to ensure mapping quality. The objective of this research was to develop and test a methodology to identify and exclude outliers in high-density spatial data sets, determine whether the developed filter process could help decrease the nugget effect and improve the spatial variability characterization of high sampling data. We created a filter composed of a global, anisotropic, and an anisotropic local analysis of data, which considered the respective neighborhood values. For that purpose, we used the median to classify a given spatial point into the data set as the main statistical parameter and took into account its neighbors within a radius. The filter was tested using raw data sets of corn yield, soil electrical conductivity (ECa), and the sensor vegetation index (SVI) in sugarcane. The results showed an improvement in accuracy of spatial variability within the data sets. The methodology reduced RMSE by 85 %, 97 %, and 79 % in corn yield, soil ECa, and SVI respectively, compared to interpolation errors of raw data sets. The filter excluded the local outliers, which considerably reduced the nugget effects, reducing estimation error of the interpolated data. The methodology proposed in this work had a better performance in removing outlier data when compared to two other methodologies from the literature.

Mapping of soil chemical attributes in pasture areas in the Cerrado of Piauí, Brazil / Mapeamento dos atributos químicos do solo em áreas de pastagens no cerrado piauiense

The low natural fertility and compaction of agricultural soils in the Cerrado are the main limitations for agricultural production. Changes in management systems are necessary to optimize the use of natural resources. The objective of this study was to map and evaluate the presence of penetration resistance and its relationship with soil chemical attributes in pasture areas in the Cerrado of Piauí. The experiment was carried out in the municipality of Corrente-PI, Brazil. The areawas divided into two sub-areas of 0.5 ha each: the first is remaining vegetation and the second is pasture. Fifty soil samples were collected in the 0.00-0.20 and 0.20-0.40 mlayers, with a sampling grid of 10 x 10 m. The pHin water, organic matter, calcium, magnesium,and soil penetration resistance were analyzed. The introduction of animals in the pasture area increased soil compaction by 2%. Chemical attributes, pH, organic matter, calcium and magnesium vary according to soil compaction by 2%. The native forest area has soil penetration resistance at acceptable levels (<2MPa)and availability of nutrientsat adequate levels. The maps of variability of organic matter, calcium, magnesium and penetration resistanceshowed the heterogeneity of the areas, allowing decisions based on specific management zones, localized application of nutrients and decompaction,and recovery of areas with inefficient management.(AU)

A baixa fertilidade natural e a compactação dos solos agrícolas do cerrado são as principais limitações para produção agropecuária. Mudanças nos sistemas de manejo são necessárias para otimização do uso de recursos naturais. O objetivo do estudo foi mapear e avaliar a presença da resistência a penetração e sua relação com os atributos químicos do solo em áreas de pastagens no cerrado piauiense. O experimento foi realizado no município de Corrente-PI. A área foi dividida em duas subáreas de 0,5 ha cada: a primeira é de vegetação remanescente, e a segunda de pastagem. Foram retiradas 50 amostras de solos nas camadas: 0.00-0.20 e 0.20-0.40 m, com malha amostral de 10 x 10 m. Foramanalisados, pH em água, matéria orgânica, cálcio, magnésio e resistência do solo a penetração. A introdução de animais na área de pastagem, aumentou a compactação do solo em 2%. Os atributos químicos, pH, matéria orgânica, cálcio e magnésio, variam de conforme a compactação do solo em 2%. A área de mata nativa apresenta resistência do solo à penetração em níveis aceitáveis (<2MPa)e disponibilidade de nutrientes em níveis adequados. Os mapas de variabilidade espacial mostraram a heterogeneidade das áreas,permitindo decisões baseadas em zonas específicas de manejo, aplicação de nutrientes e descompactação localizada e recuperação das áreascom manejo ineficiente.(AU)

Bioclimatic spatial zoning for small ruminants in the state of Paraíba, Brazil

This study aimed to carry out bioclimatic zoning based on the historical series of climatic variables such as air temperature, maximum, minimum and relative humidity collected in six conventional meteorological stations in the state of Paraíba, Brazil and from this to determine whether or not the animals are in thermal comfort by comparing with the results obtained in scientific research in each mesoregion in the rainy and dry periods. Then based on this the comfort conditions for small ruminants in the rainy and dry seasons of the mesoregions of Paraíba were observed using data from the literature, and demonstrated in spatial distribution maps. The variables air temperatures, maximum and minimum and relative humidity varied throughout the state for the rainy season between 22 to 27, 18 to 21, 25 to 31ºC and 64 to 82%, respectively, and in dry season is 23 to 27, 28 to 35, 19 to 23ºC and 49 to 76%, respectively. However, it is concluded that raising sheep and goats is viable in all mesoregions of the state of Paraíba in both periods.(AU)

The payment of compensation in the closed season in Brazil: a spatio-temporal analysis of the last five years / O Pagamento do seguro defeso no Brasil: uma análise espaço-temporal dos últimos cinco anos

The policy of a closed season with compensation consists of the payment of a minimum wage to the artisanal fishers during the months in which fishing is prohibited. Despite its relevance, there are re-ports of illegal practices in this system and, as such, this study aimed to carry out an assessment of the closed season compensation payment (CSC) from 2016 to 2020. Data were obtained from the official Federal Government web page. They were tabulated and thematic maps were prepared with the value of the CSC payed by state of Brazil and by municipality of the two states that collected the most benefit. The number of fishers in each state was also assessed. Between 2016 and 2020, US$ 2,955,844,475.74 was provided in the form of CSC. The largest part (47.7%) was paid to the states of Pará and Maranhão. In Pará, Cametá received the greatest amount, while in Maranhão, the municipality of Viana received the greatest amount. The number of fishers increased 58% over the years and, in 2020, 733,422 were registered. The closed season is an important management tool, but it needs to be supervised, othe-rwise, it may present infringements. (AU)

O seguro defeso consiste no pagamento de um salário mínimo ao pescador artesanal durante os meses em que a pesca fica proibida. Apesar da sua relevância, existem relatos de ilegalidades no sistema e este estudo teve como objetivo realizar uma avaliação do pagamento do seguro defeso (SD) de 2016 a 2020. Os dados foram coletados no portal oficial do Governo Federal e tabulados. Foram elabora-dos mapas temáticos com o valor do SD arrecadado por estado do Brasil e por município dos dois estados que mais arrecadaram o benefício. Também foi avaliado o número de pescadores de cada es-tado. Entre 2016 a 2020 foi realizado o pagamento de US$ 2.955.844.475,74 na forma de SD. A maior quantidade de recurso (47,7%) foi destinada aos estados do Pará e Maranhão. No Pará, Cametá rece-beu o maior pagamento, enquanto no Maranhão foi o município de Viana. O número de pescadores aumentou 58% ao longo dos anos e em 2020 foram registrados 733.422. O defeso é um importante instrumento de manejo, porém precisa ser fiscalizado; caso contrário, pode apresentar ilegalidades. (AU)

Temporal and spatial patterns in the detection of veterinary drug residues in poultry and swine in Brazil / Padrões temporais e espaciais na detecção de resíduos de medicamentos veterinários em aves e suínos no Brasil

Food Safety is an important topic for public health and international trade in food. Residues of veterinary drugs and environmental contaminants in animal products can cause diseases and acute toxicity in organisms exposed to these substances. This study evaluated official monitoring data of veterinary drug residues from the Brazilian Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Supply in tissues of poultry and swine in the period between 2002 and 2014 to check for hidden patterns in the occurrence of six common drugs (Closantel, Diclazuril, Nicarbazin, Sulfaquinoxaline, Doxycycline and Sulfamethazinein). The analysis of data was performed by using two machine learning methods: decision tree and neural networks, in addition to visual evaluation through graphs and maps. Contamination rates were low, varying from 0 to 0.66%. A spatial distribution pattern of detections of substances by region was identified, but no pattern of temporal distribution was observed. Nevertless, regressions showed an increase in levels when these substances were detected, so monitoring should continue. However, the results show that the products monitored during the study period presented a low risk to public health.(AU)

A Segurança Alimentar é um tema importante para a saúde pública e o comércio internacional de alimentos. Resíduos de medicamentos veterinários e contaminantes ambientais em produtos de origem animal podem causar doenças e toxicidade aguda em organismos expostos a essas substâncias. Este estudo avaliou dados oficiais de monitoramento de resíduos de medicamentos veterinários do Ministério da Agricultura, Pecuária e Abastecimento em tecidos de aves e suínos no período de 2002 a 2014 para verificar padrões ocultos na ocorrência de seis medicamentos comuns (Closantel, Diclazuril, Nicarbazina, Sulfaquinoxalina, Doxiciclina e Sulfametazina). A análise dos dados foi realizada por meio de dois métodos de aprendizado de máquina: árvore de decisão e redes neurais, além da avaliação visual por meio de gráficos e mapas. As taxas de contaminação foram baixas, variando de 0 a 0,66%. Foi identificado um padrão de distribuição espacial das detecções de substâncias por região, mas nenhum padrão de distribuição temporal foi observado. No entanto, as regressões mostraram um aumento nos níveis quando essas substâncias foram detectadas, portanto, o monitoramento deve continuar. No entanto, os resultados mostram que os produtos monitorados durante o período do estudo apresentaram baixo risco à saúde pública.(AU)

A new genus of armored catfish (Siluriformes: Loricariidae) from the Greater Amazon, with a review of the species and description of five new species

A new genus of Hypopopomatinae armored catfish is described from the northern portions of South America, namely the Amazon, Orinoco and Guianan coastal drainages. The new genus is diagnosed from all remaining hypoptopomatines by having the canal cheek plate on the ventral surface of the head posteriorly elongated and contacting the cleithrum, in addition to other features that distinguish the new genus from specific genera. Five new species are described and 18 species currently allocated in Parotocinclus, Hisonotus, and Curculionichthys are transferred to the new genus and rediagnosed. Parotocinclus amazonensis and P. aripuanensis are considered junior synonyms of P. britskii. The secondary sexual dimorphism of the members of the new genus is detailed and illustrated. Morphological characters are used to delimit four phenotypic groups of species that might have phylogenetic significance, which still have to be properly tested. A key to the species is offered and diagnoses, illustrations, and distribution maps are provided for all species.(AU)

Um novo gênero de cascudo da subfamília Hypopopomatinae é descrito das porções do norte da América do Sul, a saber, as drenagens costeiras da Amazônia, Orinoco e Guiana. O novo gênero é diagnosticado de todos os demais hypoptopomatineos por possuir a placa com canal da bochecha na superfície ventral da cabeça, alongada posteriormente e em contato com o cleitro, além de outras características que distinguem o novo gênero de gêneros específicos. Cinco novas espécies são descritas e 18 espécies atualmente alocadas em Parotocinclus, Hisonotus e Curculionichthys são transferidas para o novo gênero e rediagnosticadas. Parotocinclus amazonensis e P. aripuanensis são considerados sinônimos juniores de P. britskii. O dimorfismo sexual secundário dos membros do novo gênero é detalhado e ilustrado. Caracteres morfológicos são usados para delimitar quatro grupos fenotípicos de espécies que podem ter significado filogenético, que ainda precisam ser devidamente testados. Uma chave para as espécies é apresentada e diagnoses, ilustrações e mapas de distribuição são fornecidos para todas as espécies.(AU)

Review of the armoured catfish genus Hypostomus (Siluriformes: Loricariidae) from the Parnaíba River basin, Northeastern Brazil, with description of a new species

The species of Hypostomus from the Parnaíba River basin were reviewed through molecular and morphological analysis. Five species were found in the basin, including a new species herein described. The distribution of H. pusarum was expanded to this basin, and a closely related species was recorded (H. aff. pusarum), also the presence of H. johnii and H. vaillanti was confirmed. The new species is distinguished from most congeners by its large number of premaxillary and dentary teeth, a wide dental angle of 115° to 135°, presence of a rounded dark spots on a lighter background and anteromedial region of the abdomen depleted of plaques (vs. anteromedial region of the abdomen covered by platelets and odontodes in H. johnii, H. pusarum, H. aff. pusarum and H. vaillanti). Furthermore, an identification key of the species from the Maranhão-Piauí ecoregion and maps with the geographic distribution of these species are presented. The species of Hypostomus in the Parnaíba River basin have different geographic distributions, suggesting different niches or geographical barriers, providing an opportunity for ecological and evolutionary studies.(AU)

As espécies de Hypostomus da bacia do rio Parnaíba foram revisadas por meio de análises moleculares e morfológicas. Cinco espécies foram encontradas na bacia, incluindo uma nova espécie aqui descrita. A distribuição de H. pusarum foi expandida para esta bacia, uma espécie intimamente relacionada foi registrada (H. aff. pusarum), e a presença de H. johnii e H. vaillanti foi confirmada. A nova espécie se distingue da maioria das congêneres por seu grande número de dentes nos pré-maxilares e dentários, um amplo ângulo do dentário de 115° a 135°, presença de manchas escuras arredondadas em um fundo mais claro e região anteromedial do abdômen sem placas (vs. região anteromedial do abdômen coberta por placas e odontódios em H. johnii, H. pusarum, H. aff. pusarum e H. vaillanti). Além disso, é apresentada uma chave de identificação das espécies da ecorregião Maranhão-Piauí e mapas com a distribuição geográfica dessas espécies. As espécies de Hypostomus na bacia do rio Parnaíba apresentam diferentes distribuições geográficas, sugerindo diferentes nichos ou barreiras geográficas, proporcionando oportunidade para estudos ecológicos e evolutivos.(AU)

Contribution to the knowledge of the Neotropical Anteoninae (Hymenoptera, Dryinidae), with the descriptions of two new species and new records

Abstract Two new species of Anteoninae (Hymenoptera, Chrysidoidea, Dryinidae) are described: Deinodryinus brasiliensis sp. nov., from Brazil (Bahia, Minas Gerais and Paraná) and D. mexicanus sp. nov., from Mexico (Chiapas). Comments on Lonchodryinus tricolorKieffer, 1905 are presented and new geographic records are provided for the Brazilian states of Minas Gerais and Paraná. The key to the females of the Neotropical Deinodryinus is updated, and illustrations and distributional maps are provided for the species studied here.

Contribution to the knowledge of the Neotropical Anteoninae (Hymenoptera, Dryinidae), with the descriptions of two new species and new records

Abstract Two new species of Anteoninae (Hymenoptera, Chrysidoidea, Dryinidae) are described: Deinodryinus brasiliensis sp. nov., from Brazil (Bahia, Minas Gerais and Paraná) and D. mexicanus sp. nov., from Mexico (Chiapas). Comments on Lonchodryinus tricolorKieffer, 1905 are presented and new geographic records are provided for the Brazilian states of Minas Gerais and Paraná. The key to the females of the Neotropical Deinodryinus is updated, and illustrations and distributional maps are provided for the species studied here.

Digital soil class mapping in Brazil: a systematic review

In Brazil several digital soil class mapping studies were carried out from 2006 onwards to maximize the use of existing maps and information and to provide estimates for wider areas. However, there is no consensus on which methods have produced superior results in the predictive value of soil maps. This study conducts a systematic review of digital soil class mapping in Brazil and aims to analyze the factors which can improve the accuracy of digital soil class maps. Data from 334 digital soil class mapping studies were grouped and analyzed by Student's t-test, Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney test and Kruskal-Wallis test. When conventional maps were used for validation, the studies showed average values of 63 % and when field samples were used, 56 % for Overall Accuracy. Studies compatible with the Planimetric Cartographic Accuracy Standard for Digital Cartographic Products (PEC-PCD) averaged between 4 % and 15 % higher accuracy than those of the incompatible group. There seems to be no evidence that increasing the number of variables and samples results in more accurate soil map prediction, but studies using variables related to four soil-forming factors enhanced accuracy. From a density of 0.08 MU km-² and upwards, it became more difficult for studies to obtain greater accuracy. Artificial neural network classifiers and Decision Tree models seem to be producing more accurate digital soil class maps.(AU)

Six new species of the widespread Brazilian millipede genus Eucampesmella (Polydesmida: Chelodesmidae)

ABSTRACT This study concerns the diplopod genus Eucampesmella Schubart, 1955, widespread in Brazil. After this work, the genus includes 12 valid species, and three incertae sedis: E. pugiuncula (Schubart, 1946), E. brunnea Kraus, 1959 and E. schubarti Kraus, 1957. The type-species, Eucampesmella tricuspis (Attems, 1931), is redescribed based on the holotype, and the following six new Brazilian species are added: Eucampesmella macunaima sp. nov. from the states of Rondônia, Pará, and Piauí; E. capitu sp. nov. from the states of Piauí and Paraíba; E. brascubas sp. nov. from the state of Sergipe; E. iracema sp. nov. from the state of Pernambuco; E. pedrobala sp. nov. from the state of Ceará; and E. lalla sp. nov. from the state of Rio Grande do Norte. Furthermore, E. lartiguei ferrii (Schubart, 1956) is recognized as a junior synonym of E. lartiguei lartiguei (Silvestri, 1897), which also had its status changed, and E. sulcata (Attems, 1898) is revalidated, prevailing under the name Leptodesmus tuberculiporus Attems, 1898. In addition, drawings, diagnoses, and distribution maps for all species of the genus are provided.