Metodologias ativas no ensino de Teriogenologia de Animais de Companhia / Active methodologies for teaching Theriogenology in Small Animals

A tendência em aprendizado baseado em evidências tem proporcionado o desenvolvimento de métodos alternativos de ensino, onde os discentes de posse de conhecimentos básicos são conduzidos ao aprendizado da disciplina. Dessa forma, é possível observar evolução no aprendizado prático, crescimento teórico na área e mais segurança na execução dos procedimentos. Por meio de modelos confeccionados em diferentes materiais, como garrafas pet, modelos em silicone, em bexigas, os estudantes podem praticar técnicas sem que haja o estresse de um erro colocar a vida do animal em risco, proporcionando um aprendizado mais prazeroso, e segurança para realizar os procedimentos nos animais.(AU)

The trend towards evidence-based learning has led to the development of alternative teaching methods, where students with basic knowledge are led to learn the subject. In this way, it is possible to observe evolution in practical learning, theoretical growth in the area and more security in the execution of procedures. Through models made of different materials, such as plastics bottles, silicone models, students can practice techniques without the stress of a mistake putting the animal's life at risk, providing a more pleasant learning experience and safety to perform procedures on animals.(AU)

Reflexões sobre a educação e o mundo do trabalho no século XXI / Reflections on education and the labor market in the 21st Century

O sistema educacional não tem dialogado com o mundo do trabalho. Enquanto o mercado de trabalho muda a todo momento e exige cada vez mais alta qualificação, o sistema educacional continua desatualizado. Em consequência, não forma adequadamente os recém-graduados para o mundo do trabalho. Muitos educadores não percebem sua incompetência em formar profissionais aptos para atuar em um ambiente BANI (frágil, ansioso, não linear e incompreensível), o profissional deve ser flexível, gerir bem seu tempo, exercer liderança remota, ter autonomia, ser resiliente, empático, dotado de atenção plena e inteligência emocional, etc. Assim, os sistemas educacionais devem estabelecer estratégias a fim de desenvolver essas características. O mundo do trabalho está em constante evolução, tornando difíceis as previsões para o futuro. Os responsáveis pelos sistemas educacionais devem estar cientes do conceito "antifrágil", assim, o profissional poderá ser treinado para conhecer a existência de fatores externos e inesperados, entendendo a "antifragilidade" como uma vantagem. Este profissional buscará a melhoria contínua e saberá se beneficiar do caos. Para conduzir o processo de formação dos indivíduos, é importante que os docentes sejam conhecedores de dois conceitos importantes: "O que ensinamos e como ensinamos", e "O aprendizado ocorre quando alguém quer aprender, não quando alguém quer ensinar".(AU)

The educational system has not been engaging with the world of work. While the job market is constantly changing and demanding increasingly high qualifications, the educational system remains outdated. As a result, it fails to adequately prepare graduates for the workforce. Many educators are unaware of their incompetence in forming competent professionals. To work in a BANI (brittle, anxious, non-linear, and incomprehensible) environment, professionals must be flexible, have a good management of their time, exert remote leadership, have autonomy, be resilient, empathetic, possess mindfulness and emotional intelligence, etc. Therefore, educational systems must establish strategies to develop these competencies. The world of work is constantly evolving, making future predictions difficult. Those responsible for educational systems must be aware of the concept of "antifragility," where trained professionals understand that there are external and unexpected factors, and view "antifragility" as an advantage. These professionals will seek continuous improvement and know how to benefit from chaos. To guide the process of individual development, it is important for educators to be aware of two important concepts: "what we teach and how we teach it," and "learning occurs when someone wants to learn, not when someone wants to teach."(AU)

Visualizing the knowledge domain of anti-poverty research between 2011 and 2020: a bibliometric analysi in CiteSpace / Visualizando o domínio do conhecimento da pesquisa anti-pobreza entre 2011 e 2020: uma análise bibliométrica no CiteSpace

ABSTRACT: The elimination of poverty and hunger in all its forms and dimensions is one of the key objective of global sustainable development (GSD). This paper analyzed the characteristics of literature release, research progress and frontier trends in the field of anti-poverty in the past ten years by means of bibliometrics, and information visualization. Using CiteSpace to analyze the literature on anti-poverty in the core journals of Web of Science and Scopus (W&S), and China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI). The results showed that:(1) The heat of anti-poverty research is on the rise in both W&S and CNKI, the growth rate of Chinese literature published is significantly higher than that of English literature after 2015, but the international influence is not enough. (2) Researchers and institutions in W&S are more independent than in CNKI. The Chinese research team is more stable and larger, but it needs to be further strengthened in cross-institutional and interdisciplinary research. (3)The research content in W&S mainly focuses on influencing factors and poverty reduction mechanisms, ecosystem services, maternal health and sustainable development. According to the China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), China paid more attention to concrete ways to reduce poverty, and after completing the fight against absolute poverty by 2020, China will pay more attention to reducing relative poverty and solve multi-dimensional poverty problems by improving the security of medical care, education and housing conditions.

RESUMO: A eliminação da pobreza e da fome em todas as suas formas e dimensões é um dos principais objetivos do desenvolvimento sustentável global (GSD). Este artigo analisa as características da divulgação da literatura, o progresso da pesquisa e as tendências de fronteira no campo do combate à pobreza nos últimos dez anos por meio de bibliometria e visualização de informações. Uso do CiteSpace para analisar a literatura sobre combate à pobreza nas principais revistas da Web of Science e Scopus (W&S) e da China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI). Os resultados mostram que: (1) O calor da pesquisa anti-pobreza está aumentando tanto na W&S quanto na CNKI, a taxa de crescimento da literatura chinesa publicada é significativamente maior do que a da literatura inglesa após 2015, mas a influência internacional não é suficiente; (2) Pesquisadores e instituições em W&S são mais independentes do que na CNKI; a equipe de pesquisa chinesa é mais estável e maior, mas precisa ser fortalecida ainda mais na pesquisa interinstitucional e interdisciplinar; (3) O conteúdo da pesquisa em W&S concentra-se principalmente nos fatores que influenciam e nos mecanismos de redução da pobreza, serviços ecossistêmicos, saúde materna e desenvolvimento sustentável. De acordo com a China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), a China prestou mais atenção a formas concretas de reduzir a pobreza e, após completar a luta contra a pobreza absoluta até 2020, a China prestará mais atenção à redução da pobreza relativa e resolverá os problemas de pobreza multidimensional em melhorar a segurança dos cuidados médicos, educação e condições de habitação.

The impact of laparoscopic gynecological surgery training on the technicity index of a developing country center

Purpose: To compare laparoscopic gynecological surgery training between a developed country's reference center (host center) and a public reference service in a developing country (home center), and use the technicity index (TI) to compare outcomes and to determine the impact of laparoscopic gynecological surgery fellowship training on the home center's TI. Methods: The impact of training on the home center was assessed by comparing surgical performance before and after training. TI was assessed in 2017 in the host center, and before and after training in the home center. Epidemiological and clinical data, and information on reason for surgery, preoperative images, estimated intraoperative bleeding, operative time, surgical specimen weight, hospital stay length, complication and reintervention rates were collected from both institutions. Home center pre-training data were retrospectively collected between 2010 and 2013, while post-training data were prospectively collected between 2015 and 2017. A two-tail Z-score was used for TI comparison. Results: The analysis included 366 hysterectomies performed at the host center in 2017, and 663 hysterectomies performed at the home center between 2015 and 2017. TI in the host center was 82.5%, while in the home center it was 6% before training and 22% after training. There were no statistical differences in length of hospital stay, preoperative uterine volume, surgical specimen weight and complication rate between centers. However, significantly shorter mean operative time and lower blood loss during surgery were observed in the host center. Conclusions: High-quality laparoscopic training in a world-renowned specialized center allowed standardizing laparoscopic hysterectomy procedures and helped to significantly improve TI in the recipient's center with comparable surgical outcomes.

Visualizing the knowledge domain of anti-poverty research between 2011 and 2020: a bibliometric analysi in CiteSpace / Visualizando o domínio do conhecimento da pesquisa anti-pobreza entre 2011 e 2020: uma análise bibliométrica no CiteSpace

The elimination of poverty and hunger in all its forms and dimensions is one of the key objective of global sustainable development (GSD). This paper analyzed the characteristics of literature release, research progress and frontier trends in the field of anti-poverty in the past ten years by means of bibliometrics, and information visualization. Using CiteSpace to analyze the literature on anti-poverty in the core journals of Web of Science and Scopus (W&S), and China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI). The results showed that:(1) The heat of anti-poverty research is on the rise in both W&S and CNKI, the growth rate of Chinese literature published is significantly higher than that of English literature after 2015, but the international influence is not enough. (2) Researchers and institutions in W&S are more independent than in CNKI. The Chinese research team is more stable and larger, but it needs to be further strengthened in cross-institutional and interdisciplinary research. (3)The research content in W&S mainly focuses on influencing factors and poverty reduction mechanisms, ecosystem services, maternal health and sustainable development. According to the China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), China paid more attention to concrete ways to reduce poverty, and after completing the fight against absolute poverty by 2020, China will pay more attention to reducing relative poverty and solve multi-dimensional poverty problems by improving the security of medical care, education and housing conditions.

A eliminação da pobreza e da fome em todas as suas formas e dimensões é um dos principais objetivos do desenvolvimento sustentável global (GSD). Este artigo analisa as características da divulgação da literatura, o progresso da pesquisa e as tendências de fronteira no campo do combate à pobreza nos últimos dez anos por meio de bibliometria e visualização de informações. Uso do CiteSpace para analisar a literatura sobre combate à pobreza nas principais revistas da Web of Science e Scopus (W&S) e da China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI). Os resultados mostram que: (1) O calor da pesquisa anti-pobreza está aumentando tanto na W&S quanto na CNKI, a taxa de crescimento da literatura chinesa publicada é significativamente maior do que a da literatura inglesa após 2015, mas a influência internacional não é suficiente; (2) Pesquisadores e instituições em W&S são mais independentes do que na CNKI; a equipe de pesquisa chinesa é mais estável e maior, mas precisa ser fortalecida ainda mais na pesquisa interinstitucional e interdisciplinar; (3) O conteúdo da pesquisa em W&S concentra-se principalmente nos fatores que influenciam e nos mecanismos de redução da pobreza, serviços ecossistêmicos, saúde materna e desenvolvimento sustentável. De acordo com a China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), a China prestou mais atenção a formas concretas de reduzir a pobreza e, após completar a luta contra a pobreza absoluta até 2020, a China prestará mais atenção à redução da pobreza relativa e resolverá os problemas de pobreza multidimensional em melhorar a segurança dos cuidados médicos, educação e condições de habitação.

Ten years of IRCAD, Barretos, SP, Brazil

Minimally invasive surgery represented a significant milestone in modern surgery; however, continuous innovation and the emergence of new technologies pose new challenges in terms of surgical learning curves since new interventions are associated with increased surgical complexity and a higher risk of complications. For this reason, surgeons are aware of the beneficial effects of "learning before doing" and the importance of safely implementing new surgical procedures in order to obtain better patient outcomes. Considered the largest Latin American training center in minimally invasive surgery, IRCAD Barretos, São Paulo, Brazil, makes it possible to acquire surgical skills through training in different and the most complex areas of medicine, providing the experience of real and simulated situations, with focus on innovation. The center possesses state-of-the-art infrastructure and technology, with a very high-level teaching staff and an affectionate and hospitable reception. Since its inauguration, in 2011, the center has already qualified numerous professionals and has placed the country in a privileged position in terms of surgical knowledge. The present article describes the activities developed over these ten years of the institute in Brazil as the largest training center for surgeons of the continent in order to address the importance of surgical skills training.

Teste de Letramento Funcional em Saúde Animal - LFSA / Functional Literacy in Animal Health test - FLAH

O Letramento Funcional em Saúde (LFS) é um dos determinantes sociais estabelecidos que indica a capacidade de se obter, analisar e aplicar as informações médicas, no entanto, ainda não existe um formulário aplicado à Medicina Veterinária. No presente trabalho, foi criado um teste de Letramento Funcional em Saúde Animal (LFSA) para ser avaliada a compreensão de tutores de cães e gatos a respeito de informações comumente utilizadas nas prescrições veterinárias. Apesar de entenderem as orientações verbais, 62% têm dificuldade para compreender os horários das medicações e termos técnicos (74%). Foi constatada a existência de associação entre o grau de LFSA e o nível de escolaridade e renda. Tutores com ensino fundamental e renda de até três salários-mínimos (58%) exibiram letramento de crítico (42%) a básico (61%), que foi associado à dificuldade de letramento (p<0,001 e p = 0,04). O teste apresenta questões rápidas e práticas e pode ser aplicado pelo médico-veterinário antes da prescrição e melhorar a comunicação com o tutor.(AU)

The Functional Health Literacy (FLH) is one of the social determinants that indicates the ability to obtain, analyze and apply medical information, however until now it was not applied in Veterinary Medicine. In the present paper it was created a Functional Literacy in Animal Health (FLAH) test to assess if dog and cat owner's can understand information commonly used in veterinary prescriptions. In spite of understanding the verbal guidelines, 62% have difficulty in understanding medication schedules and technical terms (74%). There was an association between the FLAH degree and the education level and income. The owners with complete primary education show critical (42%) and basic (61%) literacy along with an income of up to three minimum wages (58%), which are associated with literacy difficulties (p <0,001 and p = 0,04). The test presents quick and practical questions and can be applied by the veterinarian before the prescription, improving the communication with pet owners.(AU)

Causas da dificuldade de aprendizado na medicina veterinária entre os períodos matutino e noturno / Causes of learning difficulty in veterinary medicine between the morning and night periods / Causas de la dificultad de aprendizaje en medicina veterinaria entre los periodos de la mañana y la noche

Atualmente há diversas evoluções metodológicas de ensino. Assim, os cursos de Medicina Veterinária devem se adequar a formação curricular, tanto para o âmbito acadêmico quanto para preparação profissional, buscando novas possibilidades de ensino-aprendizagem centralizadas no discente, inclusive quando comparada a produtividade entre o período matutino e noturno. Com este propósito, foi desenvolvido um questionário, respondido de forma voluntária pelos alunos do curso de Medicina Veterinária, buscando analisar a importância e as dificuldades apresentadas por estes na disciplina de Biotecnologia da Reprodução Animal entre os períodos matutino e noturno. O questionário foi baseado no método observacional descritivo transversal, para coleta de dados foi utilizada a ferramenta online Google Formulários, possibilitando analisar limitações individuais, potenciais, experiências e expectativas sobre of conhecimento acadêmico entre os discentes. Concomitantemente, o questionário avaliou a realidade socioeconômica e cultural dos discentes. Através dos resultados foi possível concluir que alunos do período noturno, devido à realização de outras atividades durante o dia e fatores relacionados com a rotina apresentam maior estresse e cansaço. Tais fatores influenciam diretamente no desgaste fisico, psicológico e emocional dos discentes, do período noturno. Assim sendo, alunos de Medicina Veterinária do período noturno, na disciplina de Biotecnologia da Reprodução Animal, apresentam maiores dificuldades de assimilar conteúdo quando comparados aos alunos do período matutino.

There are currently several methodological developments in teaching. Thus, the Veterinary Medicine courses must adapt to the curricular formation, both for the academic scope and for professional preparation, seeking new possibilities of teaching-learning centered on the student, even when comparing the productivity between the morning and night shifts. With this purpose, a questionnaire was developed, answered voluntarily by students of the Veterinary Medicine course, seeking to analyze the importance and difficulties faced by them in the discipline of Animal Reproduction Biotechnology between the morning and night periods. The questionnaire was based on the transversal descriptive observational method, for data collection an online tool from Google Forms was used, enabling the analysis of individual limitations, potentials, experiences and expectations about academic knowledge among students. Concomitantly, the questionnaire assessed the socioeconomic and cultural reality of the students. Based on the results, it was possible to conclude that students from the night period, due to the performance of other activities during the day and factors related to their routine, present greater stress and fatigue. Such factors directly influence the physical, psychological and emotional wear of students at night. Therefore, night shift students of Veterinary Medicine, in the Animal Reproduction Biotechnology discipline, have greater difficulties in assimilating the content when compared to morning students.

Actualmente, existen varios avances metodológicos en la docencia. Así, los cursos de Medicina Veterinaria deben adaptarse a la formación curricular, tanto para el ámbito académico como para la preparación profesional, buscando nuevas posibilidades de enseñanza-aprendizaje centradas en el alumno, incluso al comparar la productividad entre los turnos matutino y nocturno. Con este propósito, se elaboró un cuestionario, respondido voluntariamente por los estudiantes del curso de Medicina Veterinaria, buscando analizar la importancia y dificultades que presentan en la disciplina de Biotecnología de la Reproducción Animal entre los períodos matutino y nocturno. El cuestionario se basó en el método observacional descriptivo transversal, para la recolección de datos se utilizó la herramienta en línea Google Forms, que permitió analizar las limitaciones, potenciales, experiencias y expectativas individuales sobre el conocimiento académico entre los estudiantes. Paralelamente, el cuestionario evaluó la realidad socioeconómica y cultural de los estudiantes. A través de los resultados se pudo concluir que los estudiantes del período nocturno, por realizar otras actividades durante el día y factores relacionados con su rutina, presentan mayor estrés y fatiga. Tales factores influyen directamente en el desgaste fisico, psicológico y emocional de los estudiantes durante la noche. Por tanto, los estudiantes del turno de noche de Medicina Veterinaria, en la disciplina de Biotecnología de la Reproducción Animal, tienen mayores dificultades para asimilar contenidos en comparación con los estudiantes de la mañana.

Perfil do consumidor de leite de cabra e derivados / Consumer's profile of goat's mill and its derivates

O presente artigo teve como objetivo traçar o perfil do consumidor do leite de cabra e seus derivados, especialmente quanto à frequência e razão do consumo desses produtos. Foi realiada uma survey utilizando um questionário, com perguntas abertas e fechadas, enviado por meio eletrônico no sistema bola de neve. O questionário foi respondido por 372 pessoas, sendo 212 (57%) destas já consumiram algum derivado de leite caprino. A maioria dos respondentes era do sexo feminino (68,5%) e idade até 24 anos (68,5%). A escolaridade variou de ensino fundamental à pós-graduação, sendo que o ensino superior incompleto ou completo e pós-graduação representam cerca de 80% dos respondentes e cerca de 54% possuem renda até 3 salários-mínimos. Queijos (>60%) e leite em pó (16%) são os produtos com maior e menor consumo, respectivamente, sendo a aquisição dos produtos é realizada, preferencialmente, em super e hipermercados. Entre os motivos para consumo dos produtos estão o sabor, curiosidade, ser saudável, possuir mais vitaminas, fatores nutricionais e funcionais, qualidade e indicação médica. O consumo diário de produtos de origem caprina ainda é baixo, sendo necessária a desmistificação quanto ao sabor destes produtos e a divulgação de suas características nutricionais.(AU)

This article aims to outline the consumer's profile of goat's milk and its derivatives, especially regarding the frequency and reason for the consumption of these products. A survey was carried out using a questionnaire, with open and closed questions, sent electronically in the snowball system. The questionnaire was answered by 372 people, 212 (57%) of whom have already consumed some goat's milk derivative. Most respondents were female (68.5%) and age (68.5%) up to 24 years old. Education ranged from elementary to post-graduate, with incomplete or complete higher education and post-graduate education accounting for about 80% of respondents and about 54% earning up to 3 minimum wages. Cheese (> 60%) and powdered milk (16%) are the products with the highest and lowest consumption, respectively, with the products being purchased, preferably, in super and hypermarkets. Among the reasons for consuming the products are the taste, curiosity, being healthy, having more vitamins, nutritional and functional factors, quality, and medical indication. The daily consumption of goat's products is still low, and it is necessary to demystify the flavor of these products and publicize their nutritional characteristics.(AU)

Food handling in the domestic environment: an online questionnaire study with respondents from 24 of 26 Brazilian states / Manipulação de alimentos no ambiente doméstico: um estudo realizado com emprego de questionário online respondido por habitantes de 24 dos 26 estados brasileiros

Using an online questionnaire, this study evaluated the profile of a Brazilian population's food handling practices in the home environment. The questionnaire, containing questions about domestic behavior in terms of hygiene and food handling, was built and available through social media sites. Information about the participants' profiles, their food pre-preparation, food preparation, and food post-preparation practices, and the occurrence of foodborne diseases (FBDs) was included in the questionnaire. A total of 701 responses were obtained. The interviewees included 78.31% female participants and 21.68% male participants, with an average age of 31.2 years. Nearly all (94.3%) had a complete or incomplete higher education. In the pre-preparation stage, the participants evaluated the shelf life (97.28%) and storage temperature (44.79%) of the products while purchasing them. Regarding food handling practices, only a few participants washed the food packages before storing them (31.95%) or removed hand jewelry or other adornments when washing food (61.48%). Most participants washed their hands (91.58%) and washed vegetables (99.28%). But a group of interviewees reported washing raw meat (27.81%) before preparing it. Cutting surfaces such as plastic (50.36%) and glass (49.36%) tops were the most prevalent in the study. Most respondents did not know how long they had been using their cutting boards (67.62%) and mentioned using the same surface to handle both raw and ready-to-eat products (84.17%). As for the preparation, most interviewees declared they did not check the food temperature during preparation (86.31%), ignoring the ideal cooking temperature (88.26%). Regarding the occurrence of FBDs, 79.17% of the interviewees reported having suspicious clinical signs associated with contaminated foods and 65.59% did not seek medical help. Thus, the participants demonstrated ignorance about adequate practices for food safety in the home environment, highlighting the need to conduct health education programs within the Brazilian population.(AU)

Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar o perfil das práticas de manipulação de alimentos no ambiente domiciliar no Brasil utilizando um questionário online. Um questionário contendo perguntas sobre comportamento doméstico em nível de higiene e manipulação de alimentos foi construído e disponibilizado por redes sociais. O questionário continha informações sobre o perfil dos participantes, suas práticas de pré-preparo, preparo e pós-preparo de alimentos e a ocorrência de doenças transmitidas por alimentos (DTA). Obteve-se 701 respostas, os entrevistados foram 78,31% do sexo feminino e 21,68% do sexo masculino, com média de idade de 31,2 anos. A maioria (94,3%) possuia ensino superior completo ou incompleto. Na etapa de pré-preparo, os participantes avaliam o prazo de validade (97,28%) e a temperatura de armazenamento (44,79%) dos produtos no momento da compra. Em relação às práticas de manipulação dos alimentos, apenas alguns participantes lavavam as embalagens dos alimentos antes de armazená-los (31,95%) ou retiravam adornos ao lavar os alimentos (61,48%). A maioria dos participantes lavam as mãos (91,58%) e os vegetais (99,28%); entretanto, um grupo de entrevistados relatou lavar carne crua (27,81%) antes de prepará-la. Superfícies de corte como tábuas de plástico (50,36%) e de vidro (49,36%) foram os mais prevalentes no estudo. A maioria dos entrevistados não sabe há quanto tempo usa as tábuas de corte (67,62%) e utilizam a mesma superfície para manusear produtos crus e prontos para o consumo (84,17%). Quanto ao preparo, a maioria dos entrevistados declarou não verificar a temperatura dos alimentos durante o preparo (86,31%), ignorando a temperatura ideal de cozimento (88,26%). Em relação à ocorrência de DVA, 79,17% dos entrevistados relataram que já apresentaram sinais clínicos suspeitos associados a alimentos contaminados e 65,59% não procuraram atendimento médico. Nesse sentido, os participantes demonstraram desconhecimento sobre as práticas adequadas para a segurança dos alimentos no ambiente domiciliar, evidenciando a necessidade de realização de programas de educação em saúde com a população brasileira.(AU)

Physicochemical, microbiological and parasitological analysis of water for human consumption in a quilombola community in Alagoas / Análise físico-química, microbiológica e parasitológica da água para consumo humano em comunidade quilombola em Alagoas

Water is the indispensable natural resource for all living beings. For human consumption, it must be potable, so as not to pose a risk to health, and can be used for ingestion, food preparation and personal hygiene. Knowing this importance, this study aimed to carry out physical-chemical, microbiological and parasitological analyzes of water for human consumption in a quilombola community of Santa Luzia do Norte in Alagoas. A cross-sectional, experimental and quantitative study was carried out between January and December 2019. The physical-chemical parameters of residual chlorine, turbidity, fluoride, fluoridation, color and pH were analyzed, microbiological analyses were based on the research of total and thermotolerant coliforms (E. coli) and parasitological analyses were performed based on the research of protozoa and intestinal helminths. Some physical-chemical parameters (turbidity and pH) were observed outside the limits required by the Ministry of Health, and the presence of total coliforms in some of the analyzed samples (17.85%), characterizing this community at risk related to waterborne diseases. The samples analyzed did not present infecting forms of parasitic species. Regarding the variables evaluated, the results found showed that the lack of adequate basic sanitation affects the quality of water used for human consumption by the quilombola population of Santa Luzia do Norte-AL.(AU)

A água é o recurso natural indispensável a todos os seres vivos. Para consumo humano, deve ser potável, de modo a não oferecer risco à saúde, podendo ser usada para ingestão, preparação de alimentos e higiene pessoal. Sabendo dessa importância, este estudo teve como objetivo realizar análises físico-químicas, microbiológicas e parasitológicas da água para consumo humano em uma comunidade quilombola de Alagoas. Foi realizado um estudo transversal, do tipo experimental e quantitativo, realizado na comunidade quilombola de Santa Luzia do Norte-AL, entre janeiro a dezembro de 2019. Foram analisados os parâmetros físico-químico de cloro residual, turbidez, fluoreto, fluoretação, cor e pH, as análises microbiológicas foram baseadas na pesquisa de coliformes totais e termotolerantes (E. coli) e as análise parasitológicas foram realizadas com base na pesquisa de protozoários e helmintos intestinais. E a pesquisa de protozoários oportunistas pelo método de Ziehl-Neelsen modificado. Foi observado alguns parâmetros físico-químicos (turbidez e pH) fora dos limites exigidos pelo Ministério da Saúde, e a presença de coliformes totais em algumas das amostras analisadas (17,85%), caracterizando esta comunidade em situação de risco relacionado às doenças de veiculação hídrica. As amostras analisadas não apresentaram formas infectantes das espécies parasitárias. Em relação às variáveis avaliadas, os resultados encontrados demonstraram que a falta de saneamento básico adequado afeta a qualidade da água utilizada para consumo humano pela população quilombola de Santa Luzia do Norte-AL.(AU)

Perfil das reclamações registradas acerca de roedores do Distrito Federal, Brasil / Profile of registered complaints about rodents of the Federal District, Brazil

Os animais sinantrópicos, dentre eles os roedores, contituem problema de saúde pública em áreas urbanizadas. Foi realizado levantamento das reclamações sobre roedores feitas para o setor de animais sinantrópicos da Diretoria de Vigilância Ambiental doDistrito Federal no intervalo entre 2014 e 2016. As solicitações atingiram o número de 10.232, sendo 4.429 em 2014, 4.368 e 1.429 nos respectivos anos subsequentes. A queda expressiva é decorrente da ausência de telefone no Órgão, se tratando da forma de comunicação mais utilizada para execução das solicitações. Quando relacionados a população das Regiões Administrativas com a quantidade de reclamações, houve relação, mas o mesmo não ocorreu com renda per capita e grau de escolaridade. 6.902 ocorrências foram em residências, justificadas pela população ansiando por desratização gratuita. Houve 11.901 casos confirmados de leptospirose no Brasil nos anos estudados. Destes, 82 ocorreram no DF. Mesmo que maiores os valores utilizados em programas de controle de roedores quando comparados a despesas com zoonoses transmitidas por esses animais, sendo custos diretos médicos, diretos não médicos, indiretos não mensuráveis, o bem-estar da sociedade deve ser destacado.(AU)

Synanthropic animals, including rodents, contain the public health problem in urbanized areas. A survey of rodent complaints made to the synanthropic animal sector of the Federal District Environmental Surveillance Directorate was carried out between 2014 and 2016. The occurrences reached 10,232, with 4,429 in 2014, 4,368 and 1,429 in subsequent years. The significant drop is due to the absence of a telephone in the Agency, being the most used form of communication for executing executions. When related to the population of the Administrative Regions with the number of complaints, there was a relationship, but the same did not occur with per capita income and education level. 6,902 occurrences were in homes, justified by the population yearning for free rat removal. There were 11,901 confirmed cases of leptospirosis in Brazil in the years studied. Of these, 82 occurred in the DF. Even though the values used in rodent control programs are higher when compared to expenses with zoonoses transmitted by these animals, being direct medical costs, non-medical direct costs, non-measurable indirect costs, societys well-being must be highlighted.(AU)

Perfil das reclamações registradas acerca de roedores do Distrito Federal, Brasil / Profile of registered complaints about rodents of the Federal District, Brazil

Os animais sinantrópicos, dentre eles os roedores, contituem problema de saúde pública em áreas urbanizadas. Foi realizado levantamento das reclamações sobre roedores feitas para o setor de animais sinantrópicos da Diretoria de Vigilância Ambiental doDistrito Federal no intervalo entre 2014 e 2016. As solicitações atingiram o número de 10.232, sendo 4.429 em 2014, 4.368 e 1.429 nos respectivos anos subsequentes. A queda expressiva é decorrente da ausência de telefone no Órgão, se tratando da forma de comunicação mais utilizada para execução das solicitações. Quando relacionados a população das Regiões Administrativas com a quantidade de reclamações, houve relação, mas o mesmo não ocorreu com renda per capita e grau de escolaridade. 6.902 ocorrências foram em residências, justificadas pela população ansiando por desratização gratuita. Houve 11.901 casos confirmados de leptospirose no Brasil nos anos estudados. Destes, 82 ocorreram no DF. Mesmo que maiores os valores utilizados em programas de controle de roedores quando comparados a despesas com zoonoses transmitidas por esses animais, sendo custos diretos médicos, diretos não médicos, indiretos não mensuráveis, o bem-estar da sociedade deve ser destacado.

Synanthropic animals, including rodents, contain the public health problem in urbanized areas. A survey of rodent complaints made to the synanthropic animal sector of the Federal District Environmental Surveillance Directorate was carried out between 2014 and 2016. The occurrences reached 10,232, with 4,429 in 2014, 4,368 and 1,429 in subsequent years. The significant drop is due to the absence of a telephone in the Agency, being the most used form of communication for executing executions. When related to the population of the Administrative Regions with the number of complaints, there was a relationship, but the same did not occur with per capita income and education level. 6,902 occurrences were in homes, justified by the population yearning for free rat removal. There were 11,901 confirmed cases of leptospirosis in Brazil in the years studied. Of these, 82 occurred in the DF. Even though the values used in rodent control programs are higher when compared to expenses with zoonoses transmitted by these animals, being direct medical costs, non-medical direct costs, non-measurable indirect costs, society’s well-being must be highlighted.

Perfil das reclamações registradas acerca de roedores do Distrito Federal, Brasil / Profile of registered complaints about rodents of the Federal District, Brazil

Os animais sinantrópicos, dentre eles os roedores, contituem problema de saúde pública em áreas urbanizadas. Foi realizado levantamento das reclamações sobre roedores feitas para o setor de animais sinantrópicos da Diretoria de Vigilância Ambiental doDistrito Federal no intervalo entre 2014 e 2016. As solicitações atingiram o número de 10.232, sendo 4.429 em 2014, 4.368 e 1.429 nos respectivos anos subsequentes. A queda expressiva é decorrente da ausência de telefone no Órgão, se tratando da forma de comunicação mais utilizada para execução das solicitações. Quando relacionados a população das Regiões Administrativas com a quantidade de reclamações, houve relação, mas o mesmo não ocorreu com renda per capita e grau de escolaridade. 6.902 ocorrências foram em residências, justificadas pela população ansiando por desratização gratuita. Houve 11.901 casos confirmados de leptospirose no Brasil nos anos estudados. Destes, 82 ocorreram no DF. Mesmo que maiores os valores utilizados em programas de controle de roedores quando comparados a despesas com zoonoses transmitidas por esses animais, sendo custos diretos médicos, diretos não médicos, indiretos não mensuráveis, o bem-estar da sociedade deve ser destacado.

Synanthropic animals, including rodents, contain the public health problem in urbanized areas. A survey of rodent complaints made to the synanthropic animal sector of the Federal District Environmental Surveillance Directorate was carried out between 2014 and 2016. The occurrences reached 10,232, with 4,429 in 2014, 4,368 and 1,429 in subsequent years. The significant drop is due to the absence of a telephone in the Agency, being the most used form of communication for executing executions. When related to the population of the Administrative Regions with the number of complaints, there was a relationship, but the same did not occur with per capita income and education level. 6,902 occurrences were in homes, justified by the population yearning for free rat removal. There were 11,901 confirmed cases of leptospirosis in Brazil in the years studied. Of these, 82 occurred in the DF. Even though the values used in rodent control programs are higher when compared to expenses with zoonoses transmitted by these animals, being direct medical costs, non-medical direct costs, non-measurable indirect costs, society's well-being must be highlighted.

Development and validation of a simulator for teaching minimally invasive thoracic surgery in Brazil

ABSTRACT Purpose To develop and validate a chest cavity simulator for teaching video-assited thoracic surgery (VATS). Methods The first phase of the study consisted of developing a chest cavity simulator. A quasi-experimental study was performed in the second phase, and 25 surgeons and residents participated in a three-stage pulmonary suture experiment. The videos were recorded and timed. Generalized linear regression models for repeated measures were used to analyze the outcome change over time. Results The chest cavity simulator consists of a console simulating the left hemithorax. Among the participants, 96% rated the design, visual aspect, positioning ergonomics, and triangulation of the portals as very good or excellent (face validity). There was a decrease in suturing time in step 1 from 435.7 ± 105 to 355.6 ± 76.8 seconds compared to step 3 (p = 0.001). The evaluation of the simulation effectiveness and performance (content validity) was rated as very good or excellent by 96% ofparticipants. The most experienced surgeon showed significant reduction in procedure time (p = 0.021) (construct validity). Conclusions The thoracic cavity simulator is realistic, showing content and construct validity, and can be used in VATS training. The simulation model allowed skill gain in the endoscopic suture.

The development and characterization of a sequence of teaching on scientific argumentation in the immunology classes for high school students in health

The development of logical argumentative writing in science classes is an important skill in scientific literacy. Here we developed a sequence of Immunology classes that with reading, interpretation, analysis and development of a scientific text in the immunology classes of the Nursing course. The analysis of the material produced by the students showed an increase in the percentage of development of written arguments.

The development and characterization of a sequence of teaching on scientific argumentation in the immunology classes for high school students in health

The development of logical argumentative writing in science classes is an important skill in scientific literacy. Here we developed a sequence of Immunology classes that with reading, interpretation, analysis and development of a scientific text in the immunology classes of the Nursing course. The analysis of the material produced by the students showed an increase in the percentage of development of written arguments.(AU)

Database of the alumni performance of the Ophthalmology Stricto sensu Postgraduate Program at Escola Paulista de Medicina, UNIFESP

Purpose To develop a database with social, demographic and professional information of all graduates of the two post-graduate programs in Ophthalmology of EPM-UNIFESP, including their opinions on quality, application, and contribution of the courses received in their professional careers. Methods The survey was conducted in the digital and physical archives of the University and by telephone contact. When the graduates e-mails were all collected, the electronic questionnaire was applied. The responses were compiled. Descriptive analysis of the results obtained in this cross-sectional study was performed, and analyzed by the authors and by statistical professionals, through Excel graphs. Results The database suggests that most graduates were born and work in the state of São Paulo. A significant fraction of 66.77% is dedicated to academic work, but only 36.2% hold management positions. Most of them receive amounts of one to 56 minimum wages monthly. The main motivation was to improve their professional careers. Conclusion For post-graduate programs, a database with information of its graduates can elucidate whether the goals were achieved based on the proposed teaching, as well as can generate reflections to improve the quality, the courses expectations and the vision that students have of the University.(AU)

Viral infections of pigs used for medical education: a Japanese experience

Infectious viruses pose a threat to all living organisms, including humans, and can cause significant morbidity. Previous experience with pigs in medical education and research, rather than in domestic control settings, has led to a unique perspective on viral infections in swine. In this article, common porcine infectious diseases have been listed, based mainly on the authors experience thus far. For example, young domestic pigs that were used in surgical training and infected with hepatitis E were subjected to quarantine and isolation treatment, and attempts were made to develop a DNA vaccine for swine influenza arising from swine-to-human transmission. More recent research has focused on preventing infection by the African swine virus, a current threat. We hope that this article of porcine infectious diseases identified at the School of Medicine will help develop a breakthrough with regard to coronavirus disease.(AU)

Simulated training model of ureteropyelic anastomosis in laparoscopic pyeloplasty

Purpose: To develop a model for simulated training of ureteropyelic anastomosis in laparoscopicpyeloplasty. Methods: Longitudinal and experimental study, with 16 participants. A synthetic instrument was produced to simulate the renal pelvis and the proximal portion of the ureter positioned on a platform within laparoscopic simulators, thereby resulting in the realistic simulation of the ureteropelvic anastomosis. A step-by-step guide was also developed for the accomplishment of the ureteropelvic anastomosis training model. Results: In the evaluation of all participants suture training, a decrease was found in the time needed to perform the anastomosis, with a median of 17.83 min in the 1st step and 14.21 min in the last one (p = 0.01). Regarding the knots, in the 1st step, 5% of them were considered firm, with an evolution to 30% in the last step (p = 0.011). Conclusion: We noticed improvement in the ability to perform the ureteropelvic anastomosis by participants with no experience with it. Therefore, even unexperienced participants can improve their skills with this training. Moreover, we observed the effectiveness of the model use, confirmed by the participants opinion and its validation by expert surgeons.(AU)