Performance of 'BRS Magna' vines grown under different training systems, rootstocks and production cycles

Over the past decade, the business of producing juice from grapes (Vitis labrusca L. and hybrids) has been expanding in response to increasing consumption encouraged by campaigns promoting the benefits grape juice can have on health. This study aimed to determine the effect of the production cycle, vine training system, and rootstock on the yield and physical and physical-chemical characteristics of 'BRS Magna' grapes grown in the Vale do Submédio São Francisco in the northeastern region of Brazil. The study was conducted in Petrolina, Pernambuco, over eight production cycles (2017 to 2020). The grapevines were trained in three vine training trellis systems: espalier, lyre, and pergola; and grafted onto two rootstocks: IAC 572 and IAC 766. The production cycle, training system, and rootstocks affected the yield components, vigor, and physical characteristics of the BRS Magna grapes. The combination of the pergola training system and rootstock IAC 766 stood out from the others, providing mean yields estimated at 26 t ha -1 per production cycle. The soluble solids content (SS), titratable acidity (TA), and SS TA -1 ratio were affected neither by the training system nor the rootstock, and higher values for SS and lower values for TA were obtained in the first, second, fourth and eighth production cycles. Thus, the pergola training system and rootstock IAC 766 are recommended for promoting yield gains in the 'BRS Magna' grape in the Vale do Submédio São Francisco.(AU)

Effect of lunging exercise program with Pessoa training aid on cardiac physical conditioning predictors in adult horses / Efeito de um programa de exercício utilizando Rédea Pessoa sobre preditores de condicionamento físico em cavalos adultos

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect the Pessoa training aid (PTA) exercise program exerts in some physical conditioning predictors. Eight detrained adult horses were evaluated in 12 sessions of work with PTA (3 sessions per week). All horses used a heart rate monitor and GPS (V800, Polar Electro) and data was used to calculate energy expenditure (EE), net cost of transport (COT), metabolic energy requirement (Pmet), oxygen pulse, oxygen utilization, heart rate and heart rate variability (HRV). The horses were weighted, and the thoracolumbar shape were measured at the level of the 18th (T18), 13th (T13) and 8th (T8) thoracic vertebrae with a flexible ruler before and after the experimental period. Data obtained weekly were submitted to ANOVA and Tukey test (p≤0.05). Data obtained just before and after the experimental period were submitted to paired t test. There was a decrease in left-right asymmetry. In the third week there was an increase in HR, EE, oxygen pulse and oxygen utilization followed by a decrease in the fourth week. The biomechanics related parameters, COT and Pmet decreased week by week. The HRV showed a sympathetic stimulus in the third week followed by a shift to parasympathetic in the fourth week. We conclude that 12 sessions of lunge exercise with PTA contributed to physical condition improvement.

O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o efeito que um programa de exercício com Rédea Pessoa exerce sobre algumas variáveis de condicionamento físico. Oito cavalos adultos destreinados foram avaliados em 12 sessões de exercício de chão com Rédea Pessoa. Todos os cavalos trabalharam com frequencímetro cardíaco e GPS para a obtenção das frequências cardíacas (HR) e variabilidade de frequência cardíaca (HRV) e cálculos de gasto energético (EE), custo de transporte metabólico (COT), requerimento de energia metabólica (Pmet), pulso de oxigênio e utilização de oxigênio. Também foram avaliadas medidas na altura das vértebras torácicas T18, T13 e T8 com régua flexível antes e depois do experimento quando os animais foram pesados. Os dados obtidos semanalmente foram analisados por ANOVA e Tukey teste (p≤0.05). Os dados obtidos somente antes e após o período experimental foram analisados pelo teste t pareado. Houve diminuição da assimetria entre os lados direito e esquerdo. Na terceira semana houve aumento da FC, EE, pulso de oxigênio e utilização de oxigênio seguido de diminuição na quarta semana. Os parâmetros relacionados à biomecânica, COT e Pmet diminuíram semana a semana. A VFC apresentou estímulo simpático na terceira semana seguido de desvio para parassimpático na quarta semana. Concluiu-se que 12 sessões de exercício com a Rédea Pessoa contribuíram para melhora do condicionamento físico.

Histopathological examination of the protective effect of intense exercise in apoptotic germ cell damage due to diabetes

Purpose: The aim of this study was to determine the protective and antioxidative effects of intensive exercise on streptozotocin (STZ)-induced testicular damage, apoptotic spermatognial cells death, and oxidative stress. Methods: 36 male Sprague Dawley rats were divided into three groups: control, diabetes, and diabetes+intensive exercise (IE) groups. Testicular tissues were examined histopathologically and antioxidant enzymes, including catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and malondialdehyde (MDA) activity, as well as serum testosterone level, were measured. Results: Seminiferous tubules and germ cells were found to be better in the testis tissue of the intense exercise group than in the diabetes group. Diabetes suppressed antioxidant enzymes CAT, SOD, GPx and testosterone levels were significantly decreased, and increased MDA level in the diabetic group compared to diabetes+IE group (p < 0.001). Following four weeks of treatment, intensive exercise improved the antioxidant defense, significantly decreased MDA activity, and increased testosterone levels in testicular tissue in the diabetic group compared to diabetes+IE group (p < 0.01). Conclusion: STZ-induced diabetes causes damage to the testis tissue. In order to prevent these damages, exercise practice has become very popular nowadays. In present study, our intensive exercise protocol, histological, and biochemical analysis of the effect of diabetes on the testicular tissues is shown.

Eletrocardiografia basal e após exercício em cães braquicefálicos / Baseline and post exercise electrocardiography in brachycephalic dogs

Background: The brachycephalic dog breeds have been increasing in Brazil, and these animals are predisposed to present the brachycephalic dog syndrome, consisting of anatomical defects that lead to physiological changes and clinical signs such as wheezing, dyspnea, and hypoxia. Electrocardiography (ECG) is a simple test that can detect disturbances in the electrical activity of the heart, including changes present in hypoxia. The brachycephalic dog syndrome can lead to pulmonary hypertension due to hypoxia. Based on this, the present work aimed to evaluate the ECG of brachycephalic dogs in search of significant changes in heart rhythm, ECG waves, and cardiac axis. Materials, Methods & Results: Twenty-nine dogs were evaluated in this study, 19 brachycephalic and 10 mesaticephalic, after approval by an ethics committee the animals were selected. Electrocardiographic examinations were performed in 2 stages, at rest and immediately after a 3-min trot. The exam was performed with a computerized electrocardiograph, with a standard time of 5 min. The standard positioning for performing the examination was the right lateral decubitus position. To improve the electrical conductivity, 70% alcohol was used between the animal's skin and the electrodes. In statistical analysis, paired t test was performed for comparison of the same group before and after exercise and unpaired t test between groups at the same moments, considering P < 0.05 as significant. Nineteen brachycephalic animals were evaluated, 10 Pugs and 9 French Bulldogs, 9 males and 10 females. The mean age was 3.4 ± 1.8 years; and the mean weight was 12.5 kg ± 2.7 kg. In the control group, consisting of ten mesaticephalic animals, all were non-breed, three males and seven females; the mean age and weight in this group were 4.4 ± 1.5 years and 7.5 kg ± 0.5 kg, respectively. There was a significant increase in heart rate (bpm) after exercise in brachycephalic dogs (baseline: 119.3 ± 4.3; after exercise: 135.1 ± 4.9; P = 0.0005). The same occurred for P wave amplitude (mV) (baseline: 0.20 ± 0.01; after exercise: 0.22 ± 0.01; P = 0.0001). These differences were not found in the control group. There were no alterations in the duration of the P wave, PR interval, QRS complex, and QT interval, and all were within normal values for the species in both groups. The R-wave amplitude remained unaltered and within normal values in both the control and brachycephalic groups. Discussion: The elevation in heart rate may be associated with the chemoreflex secondary to the increased demand for oxygenation during exercise and the hypoxia generated by it. The increase in P amplitude suggests right atrial overload. The P wave corresponds to the atrial depolarization and its amplitude corresponds to the electrical activity in the right atrium. Thus, it is possible to relate the increase in P amplitude and heart rate to the hypoxia caused by exercise in brachycephalic, since this hypoxia results in chemoreceptor activation that increases chronotropism and heart rate. Also, there may be increased pressure in the pulmonary trunk, this increased pressure occurs due to vasoconstriction generated as a reflex to hypoxia in the pulmonary alveoli, leading to a possible picture of acute pulmonary hypertension that, in a cascade effect, leads to hypertrophy and dilation of the right ventricle, increased strength of contractility and ejection affecting the tricuspid valve causing a reflux and consequent overload of the right atrium.

Relationship between vitamin D and physical activity: systematic review and meta-analysis / Relação entre vitamina D e atividade física: revisão sistemática e meta análise

Vitamin D plays an important role in immune function and inflammation and the physical activity demonstrate relationship near to syntheses of vitamin D, considering to necessary to factors immunologics, environmental and physical. We searched five databases through February 20, 2021. Two reviewers screened the studies, collected data, assessed the risk of bias, and ranked the evidence for each outcome across the studies, independently and in duplicate. The prespecified endpoints of interest were Cardiorespiratory Fitness; Sunlight Exposure; Body Mass Index (BMI). We only included data from peer-reviewed articles in our primary analyses. In our primary analysis, there was a positive trend between serum 25(OH)D <20 ng/ml and body mass index, this result should be interpreted with caution, considering confidence intervals (RR 1.10 95% CI 0.37 to 1.83. We identified 4 high quality evidence that vitamin D levels and high physical activity required a direct relationship considering (four trials with 2,253) ; RR 0. (RR 0.0; 95% CI -0.15 to 0.15) (RR 0.59; 95% CI 0.43 to 0.75. Although the evidence available so far, from observational studies of medium quality, can be seen as showing a trend towards an association between sufficient serum levels of 25(OH)D and physical activity, this relationship has been shown. have a stimulating effect on vitamin D synthesis, the relationship of low body mass index with sufficient vitamin D levels is not based on solid evidence. We await results from ongoing studies to determine this effectiveness.

A vitamina D desempenha um papel importante na função imunológica e na inflamação e a atividade física demonstra relação próxima à síntese de vitamina D, sendo necessária a fatores imunológicos, ambientais e físicos. Pesquisamos cinco bancos de dados até 20 de fevereiro de 2021. Dois revisores examinaram os estudos, coletaram dados, avaliaram o risco de viés e classificaram as evidências para cada resultado nos estudos, de forma independente e em duplicata. Os endpoints de interesse pré-especificados foram aptidão cardiorrespiratória; Exposição à luz solar; Índice de Massa Corporal (IMC). Incluímos apenas dados de artigos revisados ​​por pares em nossas análises primárias. Em nossa análise primária, houve uma tendência positiva entre 25(OH)D sérico <20 ng/ml e índice de massa corporal., esse resultado deve ser interpretado com cautela, considerando os intervalos de confiança (RR 1,10 IC 95% 0,37 a 1,83. Identificamos 4 evidências de alta qualidade de que níveis de vitamina D e atividade física alta exigiam uma relação direta considerando (quatro ensaios com 2.253) ; RR 0 . (RR 0,0; IC 95% -0,15 a 0,15) (RR 0,59; IC 95% 0,43 a 0,75. Embora as evidências disponíveis até agora, de estudos observacionais de qualidade média, possam ser vistas como uma tendência de associação entre níveis séricos suficientes de 25(OH)D e atividade física, essa relação foi demonstrada. têm um efeito estimulante na síntese de vitamina D, a relação de baixo índice de massa corporal com níveis suficientes de vitamina D não é baseada em evidências sólidas. Aguardamos resultados de estudos em andamento para determinar essa eficácia.

Assessment of stress and anxiety in mice with colorectal cancer submitted to physical exercise

Purpose: To evaluate the effect of physical exercise on the behavior of rodents with colorectal cancer induced through the use of elevated plus maze. Methods: We used 40 male hairless mice induced to colorectal cancer, divided into five groups: G1) submitted to pre- and post-induction swimming; G2) pre- and post-induction ladder; G3) post-induction swimming; G4) post-induction ladder; G5) sedentary. At the end of the 14th week, the animals were submitted to the plus maze test. Results: The mean length of stay in the open arm for G1 was 4.17 ± 6.50; G2 37.52 ± 40.7; G3 85.84 ± 42.5; G4 32.92 ± 23.17; and G5 4.09 ± 4.43. In the closed arm, it was 264 ± 23.43 in G1, 187.60 ± 47.73 in G2, 147.50 ± 40.03 in G3, 182.00 ± 40.40 in G4, and in G5 235.36 ± 14.28. In the center, G1 remained 31.86 ± 20.18, G2 74.85 ± 28.37, G3 66.69 ± 19.53, G4 60.55 ± 10.46, and G5 60.55 ± 23.65. Conclusions: Aerobic exercise for seven weeks after tumor induction showed less impact on the behavior of the animals. On the other hand, it significantly increased the animals' stress level when applied for 14 weeks before and after tumor induction. Key words

Causas da dificuldade de aprendizado na medicina veterinária entre os períodos matutino e noturno / Causes of learning difficulty in veterinary medicine between the morning and night periods / Causas de la dificultad de aprendizaje en medicina veterinaria entre los periodos de la mañana y la noche

Atualmente há diversas evoluções metodológicas de ensino. Assim, os cursos de Medicina Veterinária devem se adequar a formação curricular, tanto para o âmbito acadêmico quanto para preparação profissional, buscando novas possibilidades de ensino-aprendizagem centralizadas no discente, inclusive quando comparada a produtividade entre o período matutino e noturno. Com este propósito, foi desenvolvido um questionário, respondido de forma voluntária pelos alunos do curso de Medicina Veterinária, buscando analisar a importância e as dificuldades apresentadas por estes na disciplina de Biotecnologia da Reprodução Animal entre os períodos matutino e noturno. O questionário foi baseado no método observacional descritivo transversal, para coleta de dados foi utilizada a ferramenta online Google Formulários, possibilitando analisar limitações individuais, potenciais, experiências e expectativas sobre of conhecimento acadêmico entre os discentes. Concomitantemente, o questionário avaliou a realidade socioeconômica e cultural dos discentes. Através dos resultados foi possível concluir que alunos do período noturno, devido à realização de outras atividades durante o dia e fatores relacionados com a rotina apresentam maior estresse e cansaço. Tais fatores influenciam diretamente no desgaste fisico, psicológico e emocional dos discentes, do período noturno. Assim sendo, alunos de Medicina Veterinária do período noturno, na disciplina de Biotecnologia da Reprodução Animal, apresentam maiores dificuldades de assimilar conteúdo quando comparados aos alunos do período matutino.

There are currently several methodological developments in teaching. Thus, the Veterinary Medicine courses must adapt to the curricular formation, both for the academic scope and for professional preparation, seeking new possibilities of teaching-learning centered on the student, even when comparing the productivity between the morning and night shifts. With this purpose, a questionnaire was developed, answered voluntarily by students of the Veterinary Medicine course, seeking to analyze the importance and difficulties faced by them in the discipline of Animal Reproduction Biotechnology between the morning and night periods. The questionnaire was based on the transversal descriptive observational method, for data collection an online tool from Google Forms was used, enabling the analysis of individual limitations, potentials, experiences and expectations about academic knowledge among students. Concomitantly, the questionnaire assessed the socioeconomic and cultural reality of the students. Based on the results, it was possible to conclude that students from the night period, due to the performance of other activities during the day and factors related to their routine, present greater stress and fatigue. Such factors directly influence the physical, psychological and emotional wear of students at night. Therefore, night shift students of Veterinary Medicine, in the Animal Reproduction Biotechnology discipline, have greater difficulties in assimilating the content when compared to morning students.

Actualmente, existen varios avances metodológicos en la docencia. Así, los cursos de Medicina Veterinaria deben adaptarse a la formación curricular, tanto para el ámbito académico como para la preparación profesional, buscando nuevas posibilidades de enseñanza-aprendizaje centradas en el alumno, incluso al comparar la productividad entre los turnos matutino y nocturno. Con este propósito, se elaboró un cuestionario, respondido voluntariamente por los estudiantes del curso de Medicina Veterinaria, buscando analizar la importancia y dificultades que presentan en la disciplina de Biotecnología de la Reproducción Animal entre los períodos matutino y nocturno. El cuestionario se basó en el método observacional descriptivo transversal, para la recolección de datos se utilizó la herramienta en línea Google Forms, que permitió analizar las limitaciones, potenciales, experiencias y expectativas individuales sobre el conocimiento académico entre los estudiantes. Paralelamente, el cuestionario evaluó la realidad socioeconómica y cultural de los estudiantes. A través de los resultados se pudo concluir que los estudiantes del período nocturno, por realizar otras actividades durante el día y factores relacionados con su rutina, presentan mayor estrés y fatiga. Tales factores influyen directamente en el desgaste fisico, psicológico y emocional de los estudiantes durante la noche. Por tanto, los estudiantes del turno de noche de Medicina Veterinaria, en la disciplina de Biotecnología de la Reproducción Animal, tienen mayores dificultades para asimilar contenidos en comparación con los estudiantes de la mañana.

Assessment of a vaquejada horse training protocol based on laboratory clinical parameters

The objective of this study was to assess a training protocol employed in the Brazilian Northeast region for fitness conditioning of vaquejada horses. For 12 months, 24 Quarter Horses were evaluated under a completely randomized split-plot experimental design in which the plots comprised three age groups: horses at two, three, and four years of age. The split plots were made up of six fitness tests carried out every other month. The fitness test protocol consisted of five levels of protocol exercises on a standard vaquejada track. Prior to the tests with fasted animals, we collected blood samples to determine muscle enzymes (aspartate aminotransferase, creatine kinase, and lactate dehydrogenase). During the tests, heart rate, speed, and distance run were recorded using a heart rate monitor. Next, the results were used to calculate speed at which each horse reached 150 bpm (V150), speed at which each horse reached 200 bpm (V200), maximum heart rate (HRmax), maximum speed (Vmax), recovery time needed for the heart rate of horses to return to half the maximum value reached during the fitness tests (HR50%), and recovery time needed for the heart rate of horses to return to baseline values (HRbasal). No difference was found among the age groups for V150, HRmax, Vmax, HR50%, HRbasal, or muscle enzymes. By the final stage of training, the V200 of the three-year-old horses was higher than that of the four-year-old foals. During training, all groups exhibited increases in serum concentrations of muscle enzymes and reductions in efficiency to recover heart rate after exercise. The training protocol assessed is unable to maintain proper fitness for competitions throughout the year.(AU)

Avaliação do impacto da capacitação de boas práticas em uma panificadora de Goiânia ­ GO / Evaluation of the impact of the training of good practices in a bakery in Goiânia ­ GO

O objetivo desta pesquisa foi avaliar o impacto da capacitação em boas práticas de fabricação (BPF) para manipuladores de alimentos. Trata-se de um estudo de caso, realizado em uma panificadora de Goiânia. Foram aplicados dois checklist, um de estrutura física (EF) e outro de BPF, em cinco momentos diferentes, sendo o primeiro momento antes e os demais após a capacitação. Também foi aplicado um teste sobre BP com os manipuladores, antes (pré-teste) e depois (pós-teste) da capacitação em BPF. Após aplicação do primeiro checklist e do pré-teste foi executada a capacitação. Para avaliar o impacto da capacitação, após a mesma, foram aplicados novamente os checklist e o pós-teste sobre BPF. Observou- se que no primeiro checklist os itens não conformes (NC) foram de 24,70% e 29,40%, para estrutura física e boas práticas, respectivamente. E no último checklist, após 70 dias da capacitação, a porcentagem de itens NC foi de 28,2% e 11,8% para EF e BPF, respectivamente. Houve redução nas NC das BPF, e aumento de respostas corretas no pós-teste, mas sem diferença estatística significante (p>0,05). Conclui-se que a capacitação em BPF tem potencial para melhorar o nível de conformidade com a legislação sanitária, e é um fator determinante para a qualidade dos produtos e a segurança alimentar.(AU)

The purpose of this research was to assess the impact of training in good manufacturing practices. This is a case study, conducted in a Goiânia bakery. The first two checklist were applied, one of the physical structures and another of the GMP in five moments, and a pre-test at BPF with the manipulators. After the application of the first checklist, and the pre-test, the training was executed. To assess the impact of capacity, after the same, the checklist and post-test test on the GMP. it was observed that in the first checklist of items not according (NA) 24.70% and 29.50%, for physical structures (PS) and good practice, respectively. And on the last checklist, after 70 days of capacitation, the percentage of NC items was 28.2% and 11.8% for PS and GMP, respectively. There was a reduction in the NA of the GMP, and increase correct answers in post-test, but no significant statistical difference. The GMP training has the potential to improve the level of conformity with health legislation, and it's a determining factor for products and food safety.(AU)

Fratura exposta do fêmur em preguiça-real (Choloepus didactylus) - tratamento e reabilitação / Open fracture of the femur in a two-toed sloth (Choloepus didactylus) - treatment and rehabilitation

Background: The Choloepus didactylus is characterized by having 2 fingers on the forelimbs and 3 on the hind limbs, being found more frequently in northern South America, in countries such as Venezuela, Guyana, Ecuador, Peru, and Brazil. In Brazil, deforestation of the Amazon rainforest has threatened the survival of C. didactylus. In addition, these animals can be affected by several diseases, being those of the musculoskeletal system with limited reports. Thus, the present report aimed to describe the treatment and evolution of an open fracture of the femur in a free-living Choloepus didactylus, which after rehabilitation was released back to the wild. Case: A free-living female two-toed sloth (Choloepus didactylus), weighing 7.0 kg, was found in Manaus city and referred to the Wild Animal Treatment Center (CETAS - IBAMA-AM) located in Amazonas, Brazil, after initial treatment and osteosynthesis in a private clinic (CVMinasPet). According to history, the animal had suffered electrocution 30 days ago and, as a result, had an extensive wound that resulted in the exposure of the knee joint, distal fracture of the femur, and areas of necrosis in the right pelvic limb. After cleansing of the area and removal of necrotic tissues, the fracture was stabilized with the cross-pinning technique (2 Steinmann pins). Then, the stifle joint was stabilized with external skeletal fixation (Type 1b, unilateral biplanar). The external fixator and cross-pins were removed 2 months after the surgical procedure, being observed bone healing. Next, the animal underwent physical rehabilitation for 30 days. After the rehabilitation period, a microchip and a radio collar were applied, and the sloth was released back to the wild. Discussion: Electrocution has been one of the causes of wildlife rescue, with consequences varying depending on the degree of the burn. Generally, the burn is most severe at the entry and exit sites. Since suspensory quadrupedal locomotion requires that sloths have specialized hands and feet to connect with the supports, probably the animal of the current report touched the right pelvic limb on a high-tension pole. The cross-pinning technique combined with the external fixator was used because the animal had an exposed Salter-Harris type I fracture with soft tissue loss. The younger the animal presents physeal fractures, the greater is the chance of developing growth abnormalities due to growth plate closure caused by fracture type or immobilization method. Since the sloth was a free-living animal, the age was unknown. However, pelvic limb length discrepancy was not observed after removing the implants. Culture and antimicrobial susceptibility test were not done and may be considered a limitation of this report. However, the application of ceftriaxone was adequate to control the infection, since the animal did not show signs of infection or draining sinus tracts. Ceftriaxone is a third-generation antibiotic that can be used in chronic osteomyelitis. In addition, the animal in the present report showed good adaptation to captive conditions that contributed to the clinical management. The longevity of the sloth in captivity can reach more than 30 years, but the goal is always to return the animal to nature after the treatment. Surgical treatment of the fracture and physical therapy after implant removal allowed this action in the current report, confirmed by monitoring with the radio collar.

Effects of ozone therapy on hematological, biochemical, and oxidative stress parameters of vaquejada athlete horses / Efeitos da ozonioterapia sobre os parâmetros hematológicos, bioquímicos e estresse oxidativo de cavalos atletas de vaquejada

Ozone therapy is a technique used in several specialties of equine medicine; however, there are few studies on its use in vaquejada (cowboy competition) athlete horses. This study aims to evaluate the potential effect of ozone gas administered by two different routes on hematological and biochemical values and the oxidative stress marker in vaquejada athlete horses. For this, nine healthy equines that followed a training protocol and underwent two treatments were used with an 8-day wash-out between them. The major ozonated autohemotherapy (MOA) treatment group received a volume of 600ml of the 02-03 mixture at a concentration of 60 µg/mL, and the rectal insufflation (RI) treatment group received 5mL of gas per kg of body weight at a concentration of 15µg/kg performed every 24h on three consecutive days. Results were significant for RBC, hematocrit, and hemoglobin in the hematological variables, and AST and lactate for biochemical and malondialdehyde variables. No statistically significant differences were found in comparisons between treatment groups. Thus, we can conclude that there is no difference between the two therapies, indicating that the two techniques are effective for the application of ozone therapy in horses competing for vaquejada.

A ozonioterapia é uma técnica utilizada em diversas especialidades da medicina equina, contudo, são escassos os estudos de sua utilização em cavalos atletas de vaquejada. O presente estudo tem por objetivo avaliar o potencial efeito do gás ozônio administrado por duas diferentes vias sobre os valores hematológicos, bioquímicos e no marcador de estresse oxidativo em cavalos atletas de vaquejada. Para isso, foram utilizados 9 equinos hígidos que seguiram um protocolo de treinamento e foram submetidos a dois tratamentos, com um wash-out de 8 dias entre eles. O grupo de tratamento auto-hemoterapia maior ozonizada (AHTMO) recebeu um volume de 600ml da mistura 02-03 na concentração de 60 µg/mL e o grupo de tratamento insuflação retal (IR) recebeu 5mL de gás por kg de peso vivo, na concentração de 15µg/kg, realizado a cada 24h em três dias consecutivos. Os resultados demonstraram-se significativos para hemácias, hematocrito e hemoglobina nas variáveis hematológicas, AST e lactato para as variáveis bioquímicas e para o malondialdeido. Não foram encontradas diferenças estatísticas significativas nas comparações entre grupos de tratamento. Assim, pode-se concluir que não há diferença entre as duas terapias, indicando que as duas técnicas são eficazes para a aplicação da ozonioterapia em cavalos competidores de vaquejada.

The impact of asset specificity on farmland inheritance willingness: Evidence from apple growers in China / O impacto da especificidade dos ativos na herança de terras agrícolas: evidências de produtores de maçã na China

Based on detailed household survey of apple farmers in Shandong and Shaanxi, this article used a binary logistic regression model to examine the impact of asset specificity on farmers' intergenerational succession arrangements of apple orchard. The results showed that the farmers' intergenerational willingness of younger generation to succeed them is generally weak. The specificity of human capital, physical assets, land assets and geographic location significantly impacted on farmers' intergenerational succession of family-operated apple orchard. Especially, the production technology level of apple planting decision-makers, the value of orchard facilities and machinery owned by apple growers, orchard topography, orchard fertility, government support, and the length of village hardened roads have significantly positive impacts on farmers' willingness. The education achievement of apple planting decision-makers, orchard irrigation area, and the number of village apple disasters negatively impacted farmers' willingness. Therefore, technical training should be intensified to effectively increase the human capital of farmers, infrastructure construction should be strengthened to improve apple production conditions, and professional farmers' operations should be supported to develop moderate-scale operations.

Com base em uma pesquisa domiciliar detalhada de produtores de maçã em Shandong e Shaanxi, este artigo usou um modelo de regressão logística binária para examinar o impacto da especificidade dos ativos nos arranjos de sucessão intergeracional dos produtores de pomar de maçã. Os resultados mostram que a disposição intergeracional dos agricultores da geração mais jovem para sucedê-los é geralmente fraca. A especificidade do capital humano, ativos físicos, ativos de terra e localização geográfica impactaram significativamente na sucessão intergeracional dos agricultores de pomar de maçã administrado por famílias. Especialmente, o nível de tecnologia de produção dos tomadores de decisão de plantio de maçã, o valor das instalações de pomar e maquinários de propriedade dos produtores, topografia do pomar, fertilidade do pomar, apoio do governo e a extensão das estradas da aldeia têm impactos significativamente positivos na vontade dos agricultores. As conquistas educacionais dos tomadores de decisão de plantio de maçã, a área de irrigação do pomar e o número de desastres de maçã nas aldeias impactam negativamente a vontade dos agricultores. Portanto, o treinamento técnico deve ser intensificado para aumentar efetivamente o capital humano dos agricultores, a construção da infraestrutura deve ser reforçada para melhorar as condições de produção de maçã e as operações dos agricultores profissionais devem ser apoiadas para desenvolver operações em escala moderada.

Diagnóstico de qualidade em um estabelecimento tipo bistrô e pub / Quality diagnosis in an establishment type bistrô and pub

As refeições realizadas fora do domicílio vêm aumentando em razão das dificuldades impostas pelos longos deslocamentos e pelas jornadas de trabalho extensas. Dessa forma, este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar as condições higiênico-sanitárias de acordo com a RDC ­ n° 216/2004 em um estabelecimento do tipo bistrô e pub. Foi feita uma avaliação utilizando-se uma Lista de Verificação, para serem detectadas as não conformidades do local e descritas no plano de ação para elaborar o planejamento com a diretoria da empresa. Foi elaborado um Manual de Boas Práticas envolvendo todas as descrições das operações realizadas dentro do estabelecimento. Nos resultados constatou-se que na primeira lista de checagem o estabelecimento foi classificado no grupo III, com déficit de 33% de adequações dos itens exigidos pela legislação. Foi implementado um plano de ação para melhoria das não conformidades e após foi elaborado o Manual de Boas Práticas juntamente com a capacitação dos colaboradores, após a mesma lista de checagem foi aplicada e o estabelecimento foi classificado no grupo II, como regular, com 73% dos itens atendidos. Contudo, foi percebido que com a capacitação dos colaboradores e as melhorias feitas na estrutura física do local, o estabelecimento pode assegurar a sanidade dos alimentos.(AU)

Meals eaten away from home have been increasing due to the difficulties imposed by long commutes and long working hours. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the hygienic-sanitary conditions according to RDC No. 216/2004 in an establishment of the bistrô and pub type. An evaluation was carried out using a checklist based on current legislation, in order to detect non-conformities in the place and described in the action plan to prepare the planning with the company's board. Then, a manual of good practices was prepared involving all the descriptions of the operations carried out within the establishment. The results found were that in the first checklist of the establishment it was classified in group III, with a deficit of 33% of adequacy of the items required by the legislation. As a result, a manual of good practices was prepared and employees were trained, the same checklist was applied and the establishment was classified in group II, as regular, with 73% of the items covered. However, it was noticed that with the training of employees and the improvements made in the physical structure of the place, it provided better food sanity.(AU)

Correlação entre cortisol e testosterona em touros atletas submetidos a treinamento / Correlation of cortisol and testosterone in athlete bulls submitted to training

Touros em treinamento (n=17) para rodeio foram avaliados quanto a interferência do estresse na produção de testosterona. Foi realizada análise de parâmetros quanto a higidez dos touros antes do treinamento e coleta de sangue. Após o treinamento, foi realizada a segunda coleta de sangue. As amostras coletadas antes do treinamento foram submetidas à mensuração dos hormônios cortisol e testosterona e as amostras após o treinamento apenas à dosagem de cortisol. Iniciou-se uma nova sequência de coleta para dosar e avaliar a testosterona. Ambos os hormônios foram mensurados pelo método de radioimunoensaio. A análise estatística para comparação de cortisol e testosterona, assim como para o perímetro escrotal e testosterona foi realizada através da comparação de Person, com nível de 5% de significância, através do Action 3.1 versão R 3.0.2 (Campinas, SP, Brasil). A dosagem de cortisol sérica antes e após o treinamento resultou em correlação positiva (0,071), demonstrando diferença estatística (p=0,0004) nesses dois momentos avaliados. A comparação entre a testosterona do primeiro dia e o cortisol antes do treinamento foi negativa assim como a testosterona do segundo dia com o cortisol após treinamento. Conclui-se que houve evidência de estresse após o treinamento sem interferência na produção de testosterona.(AU)

Bulls in training (n = 17) for rodeo were evaluated for stress interference in testosterone production. Parameter analysis was performed regarding the health of the bulls before training and blood collection. After the exercise, the second blood collection was performed. The samples collected before the training were submitted to the measurement of cortisol and testosterone hormones and the samples after the training only to the cortisol dosage. A new collection sequence was started for dosing and evaluating testosterone. Both hormones were measured by the radioimmunoassay method. The statistical analysis for comparison of cortisol and testosterone, as well as for the scrotal perimeter and testosterone was performed by Pearson correlation with a 5% level of significance through Action 3.1 version R 3.0.2 (Campinas, SP, Brazil). Serum cortisol dosage before and after training resulted in a positive correlation (0.071), showing statistical difference (p = 0.0004) in these two moments evaluated. The comparison between first day testosterone and cortisol before training was negative as was testosterone on the second day with cortisol after training. It was concluded that there was evidence of post-training stress without interference in the production of testosterone(AU)

Correlação entre cortisol e testosterona em touros atletas submetidos a treinamento / Correlation of cortisol and testosterone in athlete bulls submitted to training

Touros em treinamento (n=17) para rodeio foram avaliados quanto a interferência do estresse na produção de testosterona. Foi realizada análise de parâmetros quanto a higidez dos touros antes do treinamento e coleta de sangue. Após o treinamento, foi realizada a segunda coleta de sangue. As amostras coletadas antes do treinamento foram submetidas à mensuração dos hormônios cortisol e testosterona e as amostras após o treinamento apenas à dosagem de cortisol. Iniciou-se uma nova sequência de coleta para dosar e avaliar a testosterona. Ambos os hormônios foram mensurados pelo método de radioimunoensaio. A análise estatística para comparação de cortisol e testosterona, assim como para o perímetro escrotal e testosterona foi realizada através da comparação de Person, com nível de 5% de significância, através do Action 3.1 versão R 3.0.2 (Campinas, SP, Brasil). A dosagem de cortisol sérica antes e após o treinamento resultou em correlação positiva (0,071), demonstrando diferença estatística (p=0,0004) nesses dois momentos avaliados. A comparação entre a testosterona do primeiro dia e o cortisol antes do treinamento foi negativa assim como a testosterona do segundo dia com o cortisol após treinamento. Conclui-se que houve evidência de estresse após o treinamento sem interferência na produção de testosterona.

Bulls in training (n = 17) for rodeo were evaluated for stress interference in testosterone production. Parameter analysis was performed regarding the health of the bulls before training and blood collection. After the exercise, the second blood collection was performed. The samples collected before the training were submitted to the measurement of cortisol and testosterone hormones and the samples after the training only to the cortisol dosage. A new collection sequence was started for dosing and evaluating testosterone. Both hormones were measured by the radioimmunoassay method. The statistical analysis for comparison of cortisol and testosterone, as well as for the scrotal perimeter and testosterone was performed by Pearson correlation with a 5% level of significance through Action 3.1 version R 3.0.2 (Campinas, SP, Brazil). Serum cortisol dosage before and after training resulted in a positive correlation (0.071), showing statistical difference (p = 0.0004) in these two moments evaluated. The comparison between first day testosterone and cortisol before training was negative as was testosterone on the second day with cortisol after training. It was concluded that there was evidence of post-training stress without interference in the production of testosterone

Use of external nasal strip influences alveolar cell population of horses after exercise / Uso de fita nasal influencia a população de células alveolares em equinos após exercício

The nasal strip is widely used in horses during exercise, but effects of using a nasal strip are controversial and little is known about its effect on horses undergoing endurance events. The aim of this study was to determine whether the use of nasal strips influences alveolar cell population assessed by bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL), tidal volume, and nasal airflow rate. Six Arabian horses were subjected to two low intensity tests on a treadmill, with and without application of a commercial external nasal strip. Tidal volumes and airflow rates were measured during the test; two hours after the test, BAL was performed to assess cytology of pulmonary secretions. The lavage fluid showed increased neutrophil count after exercise in animals with the nasal strip (P<0.05). This suggests that turbulence of airflow through the nasal cavity may have diminished with nasal strip use, thus allowing larger particles to be deposited more distally in the respiratory system, inducing a more intense neutrophilic response. No differences in tidal volumes or airflow rates were observed between groups (with or without nasal strips) during the test (P>0.05). The use of nasal strips seems to influence alveolar cell population during and after exercise in horses after low intensity exercise tests. Further studies are needed to verify whether alveolar cell population is related to poor exercise performance in horses.(AU)

A fita nasal é amplamente utilizada em equinos durante o exercício, porém seus resultados são controversos e pouco conhecidos em animais que disputam provas de resistência. O objetivo deste trabalho foi verificar se o uso da fita nasal influencia a população de células alveolares por meio de lavado broncoalveolar, volume corrente e fluxo de ar nasal. Foram utilizados seis equinos da raça Árabe, que realizaram dois testes de longa duração em esteira, sendo um teste com a fita e outro sem a fita nasal. Fluxo e volume respiratório foram mensurados durante o teste; duas horas após o término do exercício, foi realizado lavado broncoalveolar para realização de citologia da secreção pulmonar. Foi verificada maior porcentagem de neutrófilos após o exercício nos animais que se exercitaram com a fita nasal (P<0,05), indicando que o turbilhonamento na passagem do ar através da cavidade nasal pode ter diminuído, permitindo que partículas maiores se depositassem em porções mais distais do sistema respiratório, induzindo uma resposta neutrofílica mais intensa. Não houve diferenças entre os parâmetros ventilatórios analisados entre os animais quando correram com ou sem a fita nasal (P>0,05). O uso da fita nasal parece influenciar alguns parâmetros, durante e após o exercício, em animais que realizam provas de longa duração. Outros estudos devem ser realizados para verificar se essa influência pode melhorar o desempenho desses animais em exercícios predominantemente aeróbicos.(AU)

BM-MSC-derived small extracellular vesicles (sEV) from trained animals presented nephroprotective potential in unilateralureteral obstruction model

Abstract Background: The efficacy of bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells (BM-MSC) and its extracellular vesicles has been demonstrated for a broad spectrum of indications, including kidney diseases. However, BM-MSC donor characteristics and their potential are not usually considered. Therefore, the present work aims to evaluate the nephroprotective capacity of sEV secreted by BM-MSC from trained rats inunilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) model. Methods: BM-MSC was characterized by their differentiation potential and immunophenotypic markers. The sEV were isolated by ultracentrifugation and characterized by nanoparticle tracking analysis and western blot. Its miRNA cargo was examined by quantitative PCR analysis for miR-26a, 126a, and 296. Wistar rats were submitted to UUO procedure and concomitantly treated with sEV secreted by BM-MSC from the untrained andtrained rats. The kidney tissue from all groups was evaluated for fibrosis mediators (transforming growth factor beta1 and collagen), CD34-angiogenesis marker, and hypoxia-inducible factor 1 alpha (HIF-1). Results: Treadmill training stimulated in BM-MSC the production of sEV loaded with pro-angiogenic miR-296. The treatment with this sEVin UUO-rats was able to attenuate collagen accumulation and increase CD34 and HIF-1 in the kidney tissue when compared to untrained ones. Tubular proximal cells under hypoxia and exposed to BM-MSC sEV demonstrate accumulation in HIF-1 and NFR-2 (nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2), possibly to mediate the response to hypoxia and oxidative stress, under these conditions. Conclusion: The BM-MSC sEV from trained animals presented an increased nephroprotective potential compared to untrained vesicles by carrying 296-angiomiR and contributing to angiogenesis in UUO model.

BM-MSC-derived small extracellular vesicles (sEV) from trained animals presented nephroprotective potential in unilateralureteral obstruction model

Background: The efficacy of bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells (BM-MSC) and its extracellular vesicles has been demonstrated for a broad spectrum of indications, including kidney diseases. However, BM-MSC donor characteristics and their potential are not usually considered. Therefore, the present work aims to evaluate the nephroprotective capacity of sEV secreted by BM-MSC from trained rats inunilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) model. Methods: BM-MSC was characterized by their differentiation potential and immunophenotypic markers. The sEV were isolated by ultracentrifugation and characterized by nanoparticle tracking analysis and western blot. Its miRNA cargo was examined by quantitative PCR analysis for miR-26a, 126a, and 296. Wistar rats were submitted to UUO procedure and concomitantly treated with sEV secreted by BM-MSC from the untrained andtrained rats. The kidney tissue from all groups was evaluated for fibrosis mediators (transforming growth factor beta1 and collagen), CD34-angiogenesis marker, and hypoxia-inducible factor 1 alpha (HIF-1α). Results: Treadmill training stimulated in BM-MSC the production of sEV loaded with pro-angiogenic miR-296. The treatment with this sEVin UUO-rats was able to attenuate collagen accumulation and increase CD34 and HIF-1α in the kidney tissue when compared to untrained ones. Tubular proximal cells under hypoxia and exposed to BM-MSC sEV demonstrate accumulation in HIF-1α and NFR-2 (nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2), possibly to mediate the response to hypoxia and oxidative stress, under these conditions. Conclusion: The BM-MSC sEV from trained animals presented an increased nephroprotective potential compared to untrained vesicles by carrying 296-angiomiR and contributing to angiogenesis in UUO model.(AU)

The adoption of good practices of handling improves dairy calves welfare: Case study

The aim of this study was to assess the effect of the adoption of a set of good practices of handling on dairy calves welfare. Data were retrieved from the records of a commercial farm, considering three periods: Conventional handling (CH, 12 mo.), transitional period (TP, 4 mo.), and good practices handling (GPH, 12 mo.). During CH calves were kept in individual pens, milk-fed in open pails and subjected to abrupt weaning; while during TP and GPH they were kept in groups, milk-fed in nipple-pails, brushed for 5 min. once a day, and subjected to progressive weaning. TP was assumed as a training period necessary for GPH implementation. The percentages of calves treated with antibiotics and numbers of deaths per month were used as indicators of calves welfare. Statistical analysis was performed using a logistic regression model to compare the number of deaths per month between CH and the other periods. Chi-square test was used to compare the percentage of animals treatedwith antibiotics per month. Results showed that CH had a higher risk of calf's death then TP and GPH, as well as a higher percentage of animals treated with antibiotics. In conclusion, the adoption of good practices of handling improved dairy calves welfare.(AU)

The adoption of good practices of handling improves dairy calves welfare: Case study

The aim of this study was to assess the effect of the adoption of a set of good practices of handling on dairy calves welfare. Data were retrieved from the records of a commercial farm, considering three periods: Conventional handling (CH, 12 mo.), transitional period (TP, 4 mo.), and good practices handling (GPH, 12 mo.). During CH calves were kept in individual pens, milk-fed in open pails and subjected to abrupt weaning; while during TP and GPH they were kept in groups, milk-fed in nipple-pails, brushed for 5 min. once a day, and subjected to progressive weaning. TP was assumed as a training period necessary for GPH implementation. The percentages of calves treated with antibiotics and numbers of deaths per month were used as indicators of calves welfare. Statistical analysis was performed using a logistic regression model to compare the number of deaths per month between CH and the other periods. Chi-square test was used to compare the percentage of animals treatedwith antibiotics per month. Results showed that CH had a higher risk of calf's death then TP and GPH, as well as a higher percentage of animals treated with antibiotics. In conclusion, the adoption of good practices of handling improved dairy calves welfare.