Correção de deformidade flexural da articulação metacarpofalangeana em uma bezerra / Correction of flexural deformity of the metacarpophalangeal joint in a calf

Background: The congenital flexural deformity is common in cattle, often affecting the metacarpophalangeal joint of thethoracic limbs. The deformity may be mild, moderate, or severe, and the therapy depends on the limb’s degree of flexionand the affected joint. In severe deformities, tenotomy of the flexor tendons and desmotomy of the suspensor ligament isrecommended. However, this surgical technique may not be sufficient to promote limb extension, and other interventionsmay be necessary. Thus, the purpose of this report is to describe a technique to correct severe flexural deformities of themetacarpophalangeal joint in calves.Case: A 3-month-old, female, Dutch-bred calf weighing 46 kg was referred for treatment of congenital flexural deformity.On attendance, the patient presented severe deformity in the right thoracic limb and mild in the left thoracic limb both at theheight of the metacarpophalangeal joints. During palpation it was possible to notice that the flexor tendons were contractedin both limbs. Radiographic exams were performed to rule out the presence of other diseases, confirming the diagnosis offlexural deformity. The patient was referred to surgery to correct the anatomical anomaly. The animal was submitted to general anesthesia and placed in right lateral decubitus. In the left thoracic limb, an incision was made in the medial region ofthe metacarpal bone, the tissues were divulsioned until the superficial digital and deep digital flexor tendons were exposed;these structures were sectioned with a scalpel, and the limb was extended, returning to the standard anatomical position. Inthe right thoracic limb, the same procedure was performed, but during the limb extension test, we observed that the limbremained flexed, we then followed with a second incision and section of the deep...

Histological evaluation of the effect of low-frequency electric stimulation on healing Achilles tendons in rats

Purpose: Histologically evaluate the effects of low frequency electrical stimulation in the treatment of Achilles tendon injuries in rats. Methods: Thirty-four rats underwent Achilles tendon tenotomy and tenorrhaphy. They were randomly allocated in two groups. Half of the sample constituted the experiment group, whose lesions were stimulated with 2 Hz, nonpolarized current and 1 mA, for 14 days. The other animals formed the control group. They were evaluated at 2, 4 and 6 weeks. The histological study was carried out, the collagen density and the wound maturity index were measured. Results: The healing score was higher in the group stimulated at the 6th week (p = 0.018). The density collagen 1 was higher in the group treated at the three times (p = 0.004) and that collagen 3 was higher in the group treated at 6 weeks (p = 0.004). Together, collagen 1 and 3 were higher in the group stimulated at 4 and 6 weeks (p = 0.009, p = 0.004). The maturity index was higher in this group at the three moments (p = 0.017 p = 0.004 and p = 0.009). Conclusion: Low frequency electric stimulation improved healing and increased the quantity of collagen.(AU)

Effect of low intensity photobiomodulation associated with norbixin-based poly (hydroxybutyrate) membrane on post-tenotomy tendon repair: in vivo study

Purpose: To evaluate the in vivo response of photobiomodulation therapy associated with norbixin-based poly(hydroxybutyrate) membrane (PHB) in tenotomized calcaneal tendon. Methods: Thirty rats were randomly allocated to six groups (n=5 each): LED groups (L1, L2 and L3) and membrane + LED groups (ML1, ML2 and ML3). The right calcaneal tendons of all animals were sectioned transversely and were irradiated with LED daily, one hour after surgery every 24 hours, until the day of euthanasia. At the end of the experiments the tendons were removed for histological analysis. Results: The histological analysis showed a significant reduction in inflammatory cells in the ML1, ML2 and ML3 groups (p=0.0056, p=0.0018 and p 0.0001, respectively) compared to those in the LED group. There was greater proliferation of fibroblasts in the ML1 (p 0.0001) and L3 (p 0.0001) groups. A higher concentration of type I collagen was also observed in the ML1 group (p=0.0043) replacing type III collagen. Conclusion: Photobiomodulation in association with norbixin-based PHB membrane led to control of the inflammatory process. However, it did not favor fibroblast proliferation and did not optimize type I collagen formation in the expected stage of the repair process.(AU)

Manejo da deformidade flexural congênita em bezerro - aspectos cirúrgicos e patológicos / Management of a congenital flexural deformity in a calf - surgical and pathological aspects

Background: Flexural deformities are anatomical deviations, in varying degrees, of one or more joints, and may have a congenital or acquired origin. Congenital contracture of the deep digital flexor tendon (DDFT) affects newborn calves and results in hyperflexion of the metacarpal-phalangeal joint, which in severe cases means that the animal must support its own weight on its fetlock joints. The aim of this study is to report the rapid and successful result of applying bilateral total tenotomy technique on a newborn bovine that had been diagnosed with severe bilateral DDFT contracture in the thoracic limbs. Case: A 3-week-old male bovine with a history of difficulty in maintaining a quadrupedal position was attended at the Veterinary Hospital of the Federal University of Tocantins. The animal had severe bilateral locomotor alterations in the thoracic members to the point that he walked on his fetlock joints. The physical examination revealed clinical parameters within the normal range. However, the locomotor system examination showed severe flexor deformity in the bilateral metacarpal-phalangeal joints, and the limbs were being supported on the dorsal face of the fetlock joints, which presented ulcerations, and was suggestive of a shortening of the DDFT. Based on the patient’s history and clinical examination, as well as the severity of the tendon contractures, surgical treatment using the DDFT bilateral total tenotomy technique was decided upon. Postoperative treatment consisted of 2.5 mg/kg of enrofloxacin intramuscularly (IM), SID, for 5 days and 0.5 mg/kg meloxicam via IM, SID, for 3 days; as well as a dressing (cotton, medical bandage and a PVC mold) on the thoracic limbs to provide support and allow the animal to..

Manejo da deformidade flexural congênita em bezerro - aspectos cirúrgicos e patológicos / Management of a congenital flexural deformity in a calf - surgical and pathological aspects

Background: Flexural deformities are anatomical deviations, in varying degrees, of one or more joints, and may have a congenital or acquired origin. Congenital contracture of the deep digital flexor tendon (DDFT) affects newborn calves and results in hyperflexion of the metacarpal-phalangeal joint, which in severe cases means that the animal must support its own weight on its fetlock joints. The aim of this study is to report the rapid and successful result of applying bilateral total tenotomy technique on a newborn bovine that had been diagnosed with severe bilateral DDFT contracture in the thoracic limbs. Case: A 3-week-old male bovine with a history of difficulty in maintaining a quadrupedal position was attended at the Veterinary Hospital of the Federal University of Tocantins. The animal had severe bilateral locomotor alterations in the thoracic members to the point that he walked on his fetlock joints. The physical examination revealed clinical parameters within the normal range. However, the locomotor system examination showed severe flexor deformity in the bilateral metacarpal-phalangeal joints, and the limbs were being supported on the dorsal face of the fetlock joints, which presented ulcerations, and was suggestive of a shortening of the DDFT. Based on the patients history and clinical examination, as well as the severity of the tendon contractures, surgical treatment using the DDFT bilateral total tenotomy technique was decided upon. Postoperative treatment consisted of 2.5 mg/kg of enrofloxacin intramuscularly (IM), SID, for 5 days and 0.5 mg/kg meloxicam via IM, SID, for 3 days; as well as a dressing (cotton, medical bandage and a PVC mold) on the thoracic limbs to provide support and allow the animal to..(AU)

Interfalangeal flexural deformity in a pelvic limb of an american quarter horse: a case report / Deformidade flexural interfalangeana em membro pélvico de equinoquarto de milha: relato de caso

Flexural deformity in growing animals is a condition in which a joint is kept in a flexed or abnormally extended position. In foals, it is characterised mainly by deviation of the limbs. As such, the aim is to report a case of flexural deformity in a pelvic limb of Quarter Horse. The animal was treated at the Jerônimo Dix-Huit Rosado Maia Veterinary Hospital (HOVET-UFERSA): a female, with dappled coat, approximately two years of age, presenting with interphalangeal flexural deformity of the left pelvic limb. In the anamnesis, the owner reported that the animal had shown the deformity from six months of age, and on physical examination, presented grade IV lameness of the left pelvic limb, excessive wear of the toe, with the limb offering no support. Upon palpation, contracture of the superficial and deep digital flexor tendons was identified. Surgical treatment was therefore chosen, including tenotomy of the deep digital flexor tendon together with desmotomy of the lower check ligament. Medicinal therapy based on antibiotics and an anti-inflammatory was carried out, in addition to corrective trimming of the hoof and a horseshoe with toe extension; cleaning and changing the dressing was performed every 48 hours, and active physical therapy was given through a daily 15-minute walk. After 15 days hospitalisation, the animal was discharged, showing considerable improvement in it

A deformidade flexuralé uma condição de animais em crescimento, na qual uma articulação é mantida em posição flexionada ou estendida anormalmente. Em potros, caracteriza-se principalmente pelo desvio dos membros. Desta forma, objetiva-se relatar um caso de deformidade flexuralem membro pélvico de equino Quarto de Milha. Foi atendido no Hospital Veterinário Jerônimo Dix-Huit Rosado Maia (HOVET-UFERSA), umafêmea, da raça Quarto de Milha, pelagem tordilha, com aproximadamente dois anos de idade, apresentando deformidade flexuralinterfalangeana em membro pélvico esquerdo. Na anamnese, o proprietário relatou que o animal apresentava encastelamento do membro desde os 6 meses de idade. Ao exame físico, apresentou claudicação grau IV no membro pélvico esquerdo, desgaste excessivo de pinça, e sem apoio do membro. À palpação foi identificada contratura dos tendões flexores digitais superficial e profundo. Desta forma, optou-se pelo tratamento cirúrgico de tenotomia do tendão flexor digital

Interfalangeal flexural deformity in a pelvic limb of an american quarter horse: a case report / Deformidade flexural interfalangeana em membro pélvico de equinoquarto de milha: relato de caso

Flexural deformity in growing animals is a condition in which a joint is kept in a flexed or abnormally extended position. In foals, it is characterised mainly by deviation of the limbs. As such, the aim is to report a case of flexural deformity in a pelvic limb of Quarter Horse. The animal was treated at the Jerônimo Dix-Huit Rosado Maia Veterinary Hospital (HOVET-UFERSA): a female, with dappled coat, approximately two years of age, presenting with interphalangeal flexural deformity of the left pelvic limb. In the anamnesis, the owner reported that the animal had shown the deformity from six months of age, and on physical examination, presented grade IV lameness of the left pelvic limb, excessive wear of the toe, with the limb offering no support. Upon palpation, contracture of the superficial and deep digital flexor tendons was identified. Surgical treatment was therefore chosen, including tenotomy of the deep digital flexor tendon together with desmotomy of the lower check ligament. Medicinal therapy based on antibiotics and an anti-inflammatory was carried out, in addition to corrective trimming of the hoof and a horseshoe with toe extension; cleaning and changing the dressing was performed every 48 hours, and active physical therapy was given through a daily 15-minute walk. After 15 days hospitalisation, the animal was discharged, showing considerable improvement in it

A deformidade flexuralé uma condição de animais em crescimento, na qual uma articulação é mantida em posição flexionada ou estendida anormalmente. Em potros, caracteriza-se principalmente pelo desvio dos membros. Desta forma, objetiva-se relatar um caso de deformidade flexuralem membro pélvico de equino Quarto de Milha. Foi atendido no Hospital Veterinário Jerônimo Dix-Huit Rosado Maia (HOVET-UFERSA), umafêmea, da raça Quarto de Milha, pelagem tordilha, com aproximadamente dois anos de idade, apresentando deformidade flexuralinterfalangeana em membro pélvico esquerdo. Na anamnese, o proprietário relatou que o animal apresentava encastelamento do membro desde os 6 meses de idade. Ao exame físico, apresentou claudicação grau IV no membro pélvico esquerdo, desgaste excessivo de pinça, e sem apoio do membro. À palpação foi identificada contratura dos tendões flexores digitais superficial e profundo. Desta forma, optou-se pelo tratamento cirúrgico de tenotomia do tendão flexor digital(AU)

Tensiometric evaluation of the effect of low frequency electric stimulation on healing Achilles tendons in rats

Purpose: To evaluate the effects of low-frequency electric stimulation on biomechanics following surgical treatment of the Achilles tendon in rats. Methods: Forty-two rats were divided into two groups. One was given electric stimulation and the other was not. All were submitted to Achilles tenotomy and tenorrhaphy performed with a modified Kessler stitch. The experiment group underwent electric stimulation with 2 Hz, a nonpolarized current of 1 mA intensity for 14 days. The animals were euthanized at 2, 4 and 6 weeks for the biomechanical study. Results: The work performed, that is, the tendons capacity to absorb energy until rupture, was greater in the electrically stimulated group in the 2nd (p = 0.032) and in the 6th week (p = 0.010). The maximum tension, which is the capacity to support a load, was higher in the treated group in the 2nd (p = 0.030) and the 6th week (p = 024). These results indicate greater resistance of the electrically stimulated tendons. An analysis of the elastic module showed no differences. Conclusion: Low-frequency electric stimulation increased the resistance of the tendons at 2 and 6 weeks of evolution in rats.(AU)

Effect of norbixin-based poly(hydroxybutyrate) membranes on the tendon repair process after tenotomy in rats

Purpose: To determine the efficacy of norbixin-based poly(hydroxybutyrate) (PHB) membranes for Achilles tendon repair. Methods: Thirty rats were submitted to total tenotomy surgery of the right Achilles tendon and divided into two groups (control and membrane; n = 15 each), which were further subdivided into three subgroups (days 7, 14, and 21; n = 5 each). Samples were analyzed histologically. Results: Histological analysis showed a significant reduction in inflammatory infiltrates on days 7, 14 (p 0.0001 for both), and 21 (p = 0.0004) in the membrane group compared to that in the control group. There was also a significant decrease in the number of fibroblasts in the control group on days 7, 14 (p 0.0001), and 21 (p = 0.0032). Further, an increase in type I collagen deposition was observed in the membrane group compared to that in the control group on days 7 (p = 0.0133) and 14 (p = 0.0107). Conclusion: Treatment with norbixin-based PHB membranes reduces the inflammatory response, increases fibroblast proliferation, and improves collagen production in the tendon repair region, especially between days 7 and 14.(AU)

Artrodese metatarsofalângica por meio da técnica do cesto de aço modificada em potro / Metatarsophalangeal arthrodesis through the modified steel basket technique in foal

Background: The metacarpophalangeal and metatarsophalangeal joints are very demanded during high intensity exercises,and may be affected by osteoarthritis, fractures, luxations and rupture of the suspensory apparatus. Thus, arthrodesis maybe indicated to restore joint stability and accelerate the ankylosis process. The most commonly used surgical techniqueshave been associated with postoperative complications, including infection and failure of the implants, so it is importantto develop procedures that are less invasive procedures and promoting stable fixation. Therefore, the aim of this work isto report the use of the modified steel basket technique for metatarsophalangeal arthrodesis in a foal with hyperextensionof the joint due to rupture of the digital flexor muscles.Case: A 2-day-old male foal was admitted to clinical care, presenting multiple cutaneous wounds caused by dogs bites,located in the tarsus and thigh of the hindlimb. The animal presented in standing position and had no difficulty of movement,being initially treated through daily cleaning of the cutaneous wounds and systemic antibiotic therapy. Hyperextension ofthe metatarsophalangeal joint was evidenced after 20 days, being approached through tenotomy and tendon shortening,followed by tenorrhaphy and immobilization for 30 days. Due to the failure of the treatment, it was opted for metatarsophalangeal arthrodesis by modified steel basket technique. The procedure involved the implantation of a steel basket of25.0 mm in diameter x 25.0 mm long in a 24.0 mm hole created on the dorsal surface between the third metacarpal andthe proximal phalanx. The basket was filled with bone extracted from drilling and fixed with two cortical screws at anangle of 25° toward proximoplantar and distoplantar direction. Immobilization of the limb was performed postoperativelywith synthetic plaster cast for 45 days and, due to the persistence of lameness...

Artrodese metatarsofalângica por meio da técnica do cesto de aço modificada em potro / Metatarsophalangeal arthrodesis through the modified steel basket technique in foal

Background: The metacarpophalangeal and metatarsophalangeal joints are very demanded during high intensity exercises,and may be affected by osteoarthritis, fractures, luxations and rupture of the suspensory apparatus. Thus, arthrodesis maybe indicated to restore joint stability and accelerate the ankylosis process. The most commonly used surgical techniqueshave been associated with postoperative complications, including infection and failure of the implants, so it is importantto develop procedures that are less invasive procedures and promoting stable fixation. Therefore, the aim of this work isto report the use of the modified steel basket technique for metatarsophalangeal arthrodesis in a foal with hyperextensionof the joint due to rupture of the digital flexor muscles.Case: A 2-day-old male foal was admitted to clinical care, presenting multiple cutaneous wounds caused by dogs bites,located in the tarsus and thigh of the hindlimb. The animal presented in standing position and had no difficulty of movement,being initially treated through daily cleaning of the cutaneous wounds and systemic antibiotic therapy. Hyperextension ofthe metatarsophalangeal joint was evidenced after 20 days, being approached through tenotomy and tendon shortening,followed by tenorrhaphy and immobilization for 30 days. Due to the failure of the treatment, it was opted for metatarsophalangeal arthrodesis by modified steel basket technique. The procedure involved the implantation of a steel basket of25.0 mm in diameter x 25.0 mm long in a 24.0 mm hole created on the dorsal surface between the third metacarpal andthe proximal phalanx. The basket was filled with bone extracted from drilling and fixed with two cortical screws at anangle of 25° toward proximoplantar and distoplantar direction. Immobilization of the limb was performed postoperativelywith synthetic plaster cast for 45 days and, due to the persistence of lameness...(AU)

Effects of the essential oil of Alpinia zerumbet (Pers.) B.L. Burtt & R.M. Sm. on healing and tissue repair after partial Achilles tenotomy in rats

Purpose: To investigate the cellular response to injury, analyzing histopathologic changes associated with increased cellularity, degeneration and disorganization of collagen fibers. Methods: Thirty wistar rats were divided in two groups after partial Achilles tenotomy: the right hind paw were treated with the essential oil of Alpinia zerumbet (EOAz), diluted to 33% (0.3 mL kg-1), and the left hind paw received sunflower oil for 3, 14, 30 and 90 days. Statistical significance was determined using a Chi-square and Pearson Correlation qualitative variables test. Moreover, Mann-Whitney U-test test for comparison between different groups of the same cell, one-way ANOVA, and Tukeys test of quantitative measurement. Results: A decrease hyperemia (p 0.001) was observed in the acute phase of inflammatory cell number (p 0.001), whereas sub-acute phase was marked by significant correlation with macrophages in fibroblasts (r = 0.17, p = 0.03), with probable induction a dense and modeled tissue. At chronic phase, it was found an increase in the number of fibroblasts and a higher percentage of type I collagen fibers (78%) compared with control collagen fibers (55%). Conclusion: Oil of Alpinia zerumbet stimulated the process of maturation, organization and tissue repair which gave it greater resistance.(AU)

Deformidade de tendão flexor superficial em um bovino: relato de caso / Deformity tendon flexor surface in cattle: case report

In the treatment for the correction of flexural deformities of the forelimbs of a bovine 31 days old it has indicated the use of drugs, tenotomy of the superficial flexor tendon of members and splinting. With treatment was observed the return of the bone shaft to its normal anatomical position and greater ease in the animal movement. Thereby, therapy and applied taxonomy and the use of splints appeared as good options in the treatment of flexural deformities in young and newborn cattle.

Deformidade de tendão flexor superficial em um bovino: relato de caso / Deformity tendon flexor surface in cattle: case report

In the treatment for the correction of flexural deformities of the forelimbs of a bovine 31 days old it has indicated the use of drugs, tenotomy of the superficial flexor tendon of members and splinting. With treatment was observed the return of the bone shaft to its normal anatomical position and greater ease in the animal movement. Thereby, therapy and applied taxonomy and the use of splints appeared as good options in the treatment of flexural deformities in young and newborn cattle.(AU)

Comparação morfológica dos cascos dos membros torácicos de equinos submetidos à tenotomia do flexor digital superficial ou à desmotomia de seu ligamento acessório / Morfological forelimb hoof comparison of horses underwent to superficial digital flexor tenotomy or its accessories desmotomy

A tenotomia do flexor digital superficial e a desmotomia de seu acessório são rotineiramente empregadas na correção cirúrgica de deformidades flexoras metacarpofalângicas. Objetivando-se avaliar os efeitos de tais práticas cirúrgicas sobre a morfologia dos cascos de equinos, realizou-se a tenotomia do flexor digital superficial e a desmotomia de seu acessório respectivamente nos membros torácicos direito e esquerdo de nove equinos. No pré-operatório, aos 15, 30 e 60 dias após a cirurgia foram tomadas as medidas da pinça, talão lateral, comprimento e largura do casco visto pela sola, além da angulação dos mesmos nos membros operados. O casco deformou-se em resposta a ambos os procedimentos cirúrgicos, aumentando o comprimento do talão, diminuindo o comprimento e aumentando a largura do casco visto pela sola. A tenotomia promoveu ainda elevação do ângulo do casco. Os procedimentos cirúrgicos estudados alteraram significativamente o formato do casco.

The superficial digital flexor tenotomy and desmotomy of its accessories are routinely used in surgical correction of flexural metacarpophalangeal deformities. Aiming to assess the effects of these surgical procedures on hooves morphology, the superficial digital flexor tenotomy and desmotomy of its acessories was proceeded respectively in the right and left forelimbs of nine horses. Preoperatively, 15, 30 and 60 days after surgery, the measurements of the toe, lateral heel, length and width of the sole and the angulation of the same were taken. The hoof deformed in response to both surgical procedures, increasing the length of the toe, decreasing length and increasing the width of the hoof seen from the sole. The tenotomy also promoted the hoof angle elevation. The studied surgical procedures significantly altered the hoove shape by reducing its length and increasing its width, as well as increasing the height of heels.

Comparação morfológica dos cascos dos membros torácicos de equinos submetidos à tenotomia do flexor digital superficial ou à desmotomia de seu ligamento acessório / Morfological forelimb hoof comparison of horses underwent to superficial digital flexor tenotomy or its accessories desmotomy

A tenotomia do flexor digital superficial e a desmotomia de seu acessório são rotineiramente empregadas na correção cirúrgica de deformidades flexoras metacarpofalângicas. Objetivando-se avaliar os efeitos de tais práticas cirúrgicas sobre a morfologia dos cascos de equinos, realizou-se a tenotomia do flexor digital superficial e a desmotomia de seu acessório respectivamente nos membros torácicos direito e esquerdo de nove equinos. No pré-operatório, aos 15, 30 e 60 dias após a cirurgia foram tomadas as medidas da pinça, talão lateral, comprimento e largura do casco visto pela sola, além da angulação dos mesmos nos membros operados. O casco deformou-se em resposta a ambos os procedimentos cirúrgicos, aumentando o comprimento do talão, diminuindo o comprimento e aumentando a largura do casco visto pela sola. A tenotomia promoveu ainda elevação do ângulo do casco. Os procedimentos cirúrgicos estudados alteraram significativamente o formato do casco. (AU)

The superficial digital flexor tenotomy and desmotomy of its accessories are routinely used in surgical correction of flexural metacarpophalangeal deformities. Aiming to assess the effects of these surgical procedures on hooves morphology, the superficial digital flexor tenotomy and desmotomy of its acessories was proceeded respectively in the right and left forelimbs of nine horses. Preoperatively, 15, 30 and 60 days after surgery, the measurements of the toe, lateral heel, length and width of the sole and the angulation of the same were taken. The hoof deformed in response to both surgical procedures, increasing the length of the toe, decreasing length and increasing the width of the hoof seen from the sole. The tenotomy also promoted the hoof angle elevation. The studied surgical procedures significantly altered the hoove shape by reducing its length and increasing its width, as well as increasing the height of heels.(AU)

Proteinograma de líquido sinovial e análise histopatológica das articulações metacarpofalangeanas de muar com osteoartrite desencadeada por deformidade flexural / Proteinogram of liquid synovial and histopathological analysis of metacarpophalangeal joints of the hinny with osteoarthritis triggered by flexor deformity

As deformidades flexurais são caracterizadas pela permanente hiperflexão de uma ou mais regiõesarticulares, consequentemente, a má-conformação sobrecarrega as estruturas que compõem as articulaçõesdesencadeando artrite ou osteartrite. O presente trabalho tem por objetivo relatar um caso de contratura tendíneabilateral das articulações metacarpo-falangeanas em uma fêmea muar (mula) que não respondeu ao tratamentoconservador. Ao exame radiográfico, visibilizou-se sinais compatíveis com osteoartrite, sendo mais intenso naarticulação metacarpo-falangeana esquerda. Após tenotomia bilateral do tendão digital flexor profundoconstatou-se correção da contratura, porém não houve regressão do processo inflamatório local, decidindo-sepela eutanásia. No exame histopatológico dos tecidos articulares foram observadas perda da arquitetura dacartilagem e extensas áreas de tecido fibroso em ambas as articulações, enquanto que na esquerda também haviahipertrofia e hiperplasia de células da membrana sinovial e discreto infiltrado de neutrófilos. As amostras delíquido sinovial apresentaram viscosidade adequada, coloração avermelhada e discreta turvação; noproteinograma do líquido observou-se concentrações elevadas de α1-glicoproteína ácida, ceruloplasmina, IgG eIgA em ambos os lados, enquanto que as concentrações de proteínas totais, albumina e haptoglobina estavamaumentadas apenas na articulação esquerda. Assim sendo, pode-se concluir que o intervalo de 15 dias paraatendimento do animal associado ao atrito constante e repetitivo das articulações metacarpo-falangeanas durantea locomoção, decorrente da deformidade flexural, causaram processo inflamatório intenso que culminou com aocorrência de osteoartrite na articulação esquerda e artrite na articulação direita

The flexural deformities are characterized by permanent hyperflexion of one or more joint areas,consequently, the bad shaping overload the structures that form the joints triggering arthritis or osteoarthritis.This aims to report a case of bilateral tendon contracture of the metacarpophalangeal joint in a mule who did notrespond to conservative treatment. The radiographic exam visualized signs consistent with osteoarthritis, beingmore intense in the metacarpophalangeal joint left. After bilateral tenotomy the deep digital flexor tendon it wasfound contracture correction, but there was no regression of the local inflammatory process, deciding euthanasia.In histopathological examination of the joint tissues were observed loss of cartilage architecture and large areasof fibrosis in both joints, while there was also the left cell hypertrophy and hyperplasia of the synovial membraneand slight infiltration of neutrophils. Samples of synovial fluid showed adequate viscosity, reddish colorationand slight turbidity; protein concentrations in the liquid observed high concentrations of α1-acid glycoprotein,ceruloplasmin and IgA IgG on both sides, while the concentrations of total proteins, albumin and haptoglobinwere increased only in the left hip. We can conclude that the 15 day intervals for animal care associated withconstant and repetitive friction of the metacarpophalangeal joints during locomotion, due to flexor deformity,caused an intense inflammatory process in place that led to osteoarthritis in the left joint and arthritis in the rightjoint

Proteinograma de líquido sinovial e análise histopatológica das articulações metacarpofalangeanas de muar com osteoartrite desencadeada por deformidade flexural / Proteinogram of liquid synovial and histopathological analysis of metacarpophalangeal joints of the hinny with osteoarthritis triggered by flexor deformity

As deformidades flexurais são caracterizadas pela permanente hiperflexão de uma ou mais regiõesarticulares, consequentemente, a má-conformação sobrecarrega as estruturas que compõem as articulaçõesdesencadeando artrite ou osteartrite. O presente trabalho tem por objetivo relatar um caso de contratura tendíneabilateral das articulações metacarpo-falangeanas em uma fêmea muar (mula) que não respondeu ao tratamentoconservador. Ao exame radiográfico, visibilizou-se sinais compatíveis com osteoartrite, sendo mais intenso naarticulação metacarpo-falangeana esquerda. Após tenotomia bilateral do tendão digital flexor profundoconstatou-se correção da contratura, porém não houve regressão do processo inflamatório local, decidindo-sepela eutanásia. No exame histopatológico dos tecidos articulares foram observadas perda da arquitetura dacartilagem e extensas áreas de tecido fibroso em ambas as articulações, enquanto que na esquerda também haviahipertrofia e hiperplasia de células da membrana sinovial e discreto infiltrado de neutrófilos. As amostras delíquido sinovial apresentaram viscosidade adequada, coloração avermelhada e discreta turvação; noproteinograma do líquido observou-se concentrações elevadas de α1-glicoproteína ácida, ceruloplasmina, IgG eIgA em ambos os lados, enquanto que as concentrações de proteínas totais, albumina e haptoglobina estavamaumentadas apenas na articulação esquerda. Assim sendo, pode-se concluir que o intervalo de 15 dias paraatendimento do animal associado ao atrito constante e repetitivo das articulações metacarpo-falangeanas durantea locomoção, decorrente da deformidade flexural, causaram processo inflamatório intenso que culminou com aocorrência de osteoartrite na articulação esquerda e artrite na articulação direita(AU)

The flexural deformities are characterized by permanent hyperflexion of one or more joint areas,consequently, the bad shaping overload the structures that form the joints triggering arthritis or osteoarthritis.This aims to report a case of bilateral tendon contracture of the metacarpophalangeal joint in a mule who did notrespond to conservative treatment. The radiographic exam visualized signs consistent with osteoarthritis, beingmore intense in the metacarpophalangeal joint left. After bilateral tenotomy the deep digital flexor tendon it wasfound contracture correction, but there was no regression of the local inflammatory process, deciding euthanasia.In histopathological examination of the joint tissues were observed loss of cartilage architecture and large areasof fibrosis in both joints, while there was also the left cell hypertrophy and hyperplasia of the synovial membraneand slight infiltration of neutrophils. Samples of synovial fluid showed adequate viscosity, reddish colorationand slight turbidity; protein concentrations in the liquid observed high concentrations of α1-acid glycoprotein,ceruloplasmin and IgA IgG on both sides, while the concentrations of total proteins, albumin and haptoglobinwere increased only in the left hip. We can conclude that the 15 day intervals for animal care associated withconstant and repetitive friction of the metacarpophalangeal joints during locomotion, due to flexor deformity,caused an intense inflammatory process in place that led to osteoarthritis in the left joint and arthritis in the rightjoint(AU)

Laminite crônica em equídeos da raça Crioula: características clínicas e radiográficas

This study aimed to analyze the clinical and radiographic profile of Criollo horses affected by chronic laminitis brought to the Equine Clinic between 2010 and 2011. Medical records, daily clinical evaluations and radiographic studies were analyzed. Data of nine horses, 55.6% (5/9) females and 44.4% (4/9) intact males with a mean age 8.6±5.9 years and 104.2±91.7 days of hospitalization were included. Laminitis occurred on all four limbs on 22.2% (2/9), while 77.8% (7/9) occurred only on the forelimbs. One out of nine cases laminites was due to endotoxemia (11.1%), 44.4% (4/9) was related to equine metabolic syndrome and on 44.4% (4/9) the cause could not be determined. Sinking of third phalanx 20mm identified on radiographic studies occurred on 66.7% (6/9) horses. Only 11.1% (1/9) of the animals presented unilateral sinking of the third phalanx. Sinking of the third phalanx was not correlated with the degree of lameness. Rotation of the distal phalanx (5.5°) on at least one member was observed in 66.7% (6/9). There was a positive correlation of the third phalanx rotation degree and the lameness degree (0.1r 0.5; P 0.05). Two patients (22.2%) required tenotomy of the deep digital flexor tendon. Insulin resistance was the predisposing cause laminitis most common in this study. Supportive therapy, intensive nursing care, corrective trimming and shoeing provided a high survival rate after discharge so that the animals could be kept comfortable without pain medication.

Este estudo visou analisar o perfil clínico e radiológico de cavalos crioulos com laminite crônica internados na Clínica de Equinos no período de 2010 a 2011. A partir das fichas de registro, avaliações clínicas diárias e estudos radiográficos, foram computados nove equinos, cinco fêmeas e quatro machos, com idade média de 8,6±5,9 anos e período médio de internação de 104,2±91,7 dias. As fêmeas representaram 55,6% (5/9) da casuística, enquanto os machos inteiros representaram 44,4% (4/9); 22,2% (2/9) dos animais apresentaram laminite nos quatro membros, enquanto 77,8% (7/9) apresentaram laminite apenas nos membros anteriores. Quanto às causas da laminite, 11,1% foram decorrentes de endotoxemia (1/9), 44,4% (4/9) de síndrome metabólica equina e, em 44,4% (4/9), não foi possível determinar a origem. Afundamento 20mm da terceira falange ocorreu em 66,7% (6/9) dos animais. Apenas 11,1% (1/9) dos animais apresentaram afundamento distal unilateral. Não houve correlação entre o afundamento da coluna óssea e o grau de claudicação. Dos nove animais deste estudo, 66,7% (6/9) apresentaram rotação 5.5° em pelo menos um dos membros. Quanto maior o grau de rotação, maior o grau de claudicação (0.1r 0.5; P 0.05). Dois pacientes (22,2%) foram submetidos à tenotomia do flexor digital profundo. A resistência à insulina foi a causa predisponente a laminite mais comum neste estudo. As terapias de suporte, cuidados intensivos de enfermagem, casqueamento e ferrageamento corretivos resultaram em alta taxa de sobrevivência, permitindo que, após a alta, os animais pudessem ser mantidos com conforto sem uso de medicação.

Laminite crônica em equídeos da raça Crioula: características clínicas e radiográficas

This study aimed to analyze the clinical and radiographic profile of Criollo horses affected by chronic laminitis brought to the Equine Clinic between 2010 and 2011. Medical records, daily clinical evaluations and radiographic studies were analyzed. Data of nine horses, 55.6% (5/9) females and 44.4% (4/9) intact males with a mean age 8.6±5.9 years and 104.2±91.7 days of hospitalization were included. Laminitis occurred on all four limbs on 22.2% (2/9), while 77.8% (7/9) occurred only on the forelimbs. One out of nine cases laminites was due to endotoxemia (11.1%), 44.4% (4/9) was related to equine metabolic syndrome and on 44.4% (4/9) the cause could not be determined. Sinking of third phalanx 20mm identified on radiographic studies occurred on 66.7% (6/9) horses. Only 11.1% (1/9) of the animals presented unilateral sinking of the third phalanx. Sinking of the third phalanx was not correlated with the degree of lameness. Rotation of the distal phalanx (5.5°) on at least one member was observed in 66.7% (6/9). There was a positive correlation of the third phalanx rotation degree and the lameness degree (0.1r 0.5; P 0.05). Two patients (22.2%) required tenotomy of the deep digital flexor tendon. Insulin resistance was the predisposing cause laminitis most common in this study. Supportive therapy, intensive nursing care, corrective trimming and shoeing provided a high survival rate after discharge so that the animals could be kept comfortable without pain medication.

Este estudo visou analisar o perfil clínico e radiológico de cavalos crioulos com laminite crônica internados na Clínica de Equinos no período de 2010 a 2011. A partir das fichas de registro, avaliações clínicas diárias e estudos radiográficos, foram computados nove equinos, cinco fêmeas e quatro machos, com idade média de 8,6±5,9 anos e período médio de internação de 104,2±91,7 dias. As fêmeas representaram 55,6% (5/9) da casuística, enquanto os machos inteiros representaram 44,4% (4/9); 22,2% (2/9) dos animais apresentaram laminite nos quatro membros, enquanto 77,8% (7/9) apresentaram laminite apenas nos membros anteriores. Quanto às causas da laminite, 11,1% foram decorrentes de endotoxemia (1/9), 44,4% (4/9) de síndrome metabólica equina e, em 44,4% (4/9), não foi possível determinar a origem. Afundamento 20mm da terceira falange ocorreu em 66,7% (6/9) dos animais. Apenas 11,1% (1/9) dos animais apresentaram afundamento distal unilateral. Não houve correlação entre o afundamento da coluna óssea e o grau de claudicação. Dos nove animais deste estudo, 66,7% (6/9) apresentaram rotação 5.5° em pelo menos um dos membros. Quanto maior o grau de rotação, maior o grau de claudicação (0.1r 0.5; P 0.05). Dois pacientes (22,2%) foram submetidos à tenotomia do flexor digital profundo. A resistência à insulina foi a causa predisponente a laminite mais comum neste estudo. As terapias de suporte, cuidados intensivos de enfermagem, casqueamento e ferrageamento corretivos resultaram em alta taxa de sobrevivência, permitindo que, após a alta, os animais pudessem ser mantidos com conforto sem uso de medicação.