Hiperplasia fibroepitelial mamária em um gato macho: relato de caso / Mammary fibroepithelial hyperplasia in a male cat: case report

As neoplasias mamárias representam a terceira neoplasia mais comum em gatas, enquanto nos machos a incidência é rara. Esse trabalho relata o caso de um gato macho, não castrado, atendido no Hospital Veterinário da Universidade Estadual do Ceará, com uma neoformação mamária. O diagnóstico inicial, obtido por meio de punção aspirativa por agulha fina, sugeriu a presença de carcinoma mamário. Exames de imagem como a radiografia torácica e a ultrassonografia abdominal não evidenciaram a presença de metástase no parênquima pulmonar e nos órgãos abdominais, respectivamente. O tratamento instituído foi a remoção cirúrgica da neoformação, pela técnica de mastectomia parcial bilateral. O exame histopatológico da massa evidenciou uma hiperplasia fibroepitelial. Diante disso, conclui-se que, apesar de raras, as neoformações mamárias em gatos do sexo masculino podem ocorrer, devendo, dessa forma, compor parte da lista de diagnósticos diferenciais para aumentos de volume na região ventral desses animais.(AU)

Mammary neoplasms represent the third most common neoplasm in queens, while in tomcats the incidence is rare. This study reports the case of a tomcat, not neutered, treated at the Veterinary Hospital of the State University of Ceará, with a mammary neoformation. The initial diagnosis, obtained through aspiration cytology, suggested the presence of mammary carcinoma. Imaging tests such as thoracic radiography and abdominal ultrasound, did not show the presence of metastasis in the lung parenchyma and abdominal organs, respectively. The chosen treatment was the surgical removal of the neoformation, using the bilateral partial mastectomy technique. Histopathological examination of the mass showed a mammary fibroepithelial hyperplasia. Therefore, it is concluded that, although rare, mammary neoformations in male cats can occur, thus, it should be part of the list of differential diagnoses for increases in volume in the ventral region of these animals.(AU)

A scoping study of pulmonary paracoccidioidomycosis: severity classification based on radiographic and tomographic evaluation

The lungs have great importance in patients with paracoccidioidomycosis since they are the portal of entry for the infecting fungi, the site of quiescent foci, and one of the most frequently affected organs. Although they have been the subject of many studies with different approaches, the severity classification of the pulmonary involvement, using imaging procedures, has not been carried out yet. This study aimed to classify the active and the residual pulmonary damage using radiographic and tomographic evaluations, according to the area involved and types of lesions.

Principais causas de rejeições nos bovinos, caprinos e suínos registradas nos matadouros do município de Benguela (Angola), no período de janeiro a abril de 2021 / The main causes of rejections in cattle, goats and swine recorded in slaughterhouses in Benguela (Angola) from January to April of 2021

O presente estudo apresenta as causas de rejeições parciais e totais nos matadouros do município sede da província de Benguela, localizada a oeste de Angola, no período de janeiro a abril de 2021. Foram abatidos e inspecionados 500 animais, sendo 349 bovinos, 108 suínos e 43 caprinos. Durante três meses, foi feito o acompanhamento da inspeção post mortem, realizado pelos técnicos do Instituto de Serviços de Veterinária (ISV), autoridade competente, durante a qual se utilizou o método de observação, de registros, consulta de arquivos publicados e captação de imagens por fotografia. Foram registradas 188 rejeições parciais e totais, sendo que 38% dos animais inspecionados apresentaram lesões nas vísceras vermelhas, principalmente nos pulmões e no fígado, 82,9% das lesões nos pulmões foram sugestivas da Peripneumonia Contagiosa Bovina (PPCB). Entre as doenças parasitárias, prevaleceram a hidatidose e a fasciolose nos bovinos e, a cisticercose nos suínos. A análise dos dados obtidos na pesquisa mostrou que a maior parte das rejeições de forma parcial nos bovinos e caprinos tiveram como causa lesões nas vísceras vermelhas, principalmente nos pulmões. Nos suínos as rejeições tiveram como causa, a observação do Cisticercus suis nos músculos na forma generalizada.(AU)

The present study demonstrates the causes of partial and total rejections in slaughterhouses in the capital of Benguela province, located on the west of Angola, from January to April of 2021, five hundred (500) animals were slaughtered and inspected, tree hundred and forty-nine (349) cattle, one hundred and eight (108) pigs and forty-three goats. For three months we monitored the post mortem inspection carried out by technicians from the Institute of Veterinary Services (ISV), the competent authority used the observations method, records, consultations of the published files from other countries and capture imagens by photography. Were recorded a hundred and eighty-eight (188) partial and five (5) total rejections. About 38% of the inspected animals had lesions in the red viscera (mainly in the lungs and liver) and 82.9% of the lung lesions were suggestive of Bovine Contagious Peripneumonia (PPCB). Among the parasitic diseases, hydatid disease and fasciolosis prevailed in cattle and the cysticercosis in pigs. The analysis of the data obtained in the research showed that most of the partial rejections in cattle and goats were caused by lesions in the red viscera, mainly in the lungs. In pigs, rejections were caused by the observation of Cisticercus suis in the muscles in a generalized form.(AU)

Anasarca fetal em um cão recém-nascido da raça Husky Siberiano / Fetal anasarca in a newborn Siberian Husky dog

A anasarca fetal é caracterizada pelo edema generalizado do tecido subcutâneo, pela ampliação excessiva do feto, e, consequentemente, pela distocia obstrutiva durante o parto. Sua etiologia não foi elucidada, porém, acredita-se na relação da anasarca fecal com genes autossômicos recessivos, consanguinidade, malformações congênitas, dentre outros fatores. Além disso, o diagnóstico é feito por meio de ultrassonografia, pois não são observados sinais clínicos durante a gestação. Assim sendo, o objetivo deste estudo foi descrever o caso de um cão recém-nascido da raça Husky Siberiano diagnosticado com anasarca fetal. O laudo, o qual foi obtido com a realização de uma ultrassonografia, estimou a presença de seis fetos com movimentação presente e normal. Entretanto, em um dos fetos os achados ultrassonográficos foram edema e cistos repletos de líquido no tecido subcutâneo, efusão pleural e peritoneal, os quais são compatíveis com anasarca fetal. Assim, foi realizado o procedimento de cesariana programada. Devido ao edema, o filhote nasceu pesando um quilo, enquanto os outros filhotes pesavam em média 350 gramas. Apesar de nascer com batimentos cardíacos presentes, o animal veio a óbito instantaneamente após o parto. A necropsia confirmou os achados ultrassonográficos e revelou a presença de hipoplasia pulmonar. O caso relatado apresenta como causa a consanguinidade, destacando a importância de proporcionar estratégias de reprodução que visem evitar a endogamia.

Fetal anasarca is characterized by generalized swelling of the subcutaneous tissue, excessive enlargement of the fetus, and, consequently, obstructive dystocia during delivery. Its etiology has not been elucidated; however, it is believed that the fetal anasarca is related to autosomal recessive genes, consanguinity, congenital malformations, among other factors. In addition, the diagnosis is made through ultrasound, as clinical signs are not observed during pregnancy. Thus, this study aimed to describe the case of a newborn Siberian Husky dog diagnosed with fetal anasarca. The report, which was obtained with ultrasonography, estimated the presence of six fetuses with present and normal movement. However, in one of the fetuses, the sonographic findings were edema and cysts filled with liquid in the subcutaneous tissue, pleural and peritoneal effusion, which are consistent with fetal anasarca. Therefore, a scheduled cesarean section was performed. Due to the edema, the puppy was born weighing one kilo, while the other puppies weighed an average of 350 grams. Despite being born with a heartbeat, the animal died instantly after delivery. The necropsy confirmed the sonographic findings and revealed the presence of pulmonary hypoplasia. The reported case presents consanguinity as the cause, highlighting the importance of providing reproduction strategies to avoid inbreeding.

Thyroidectomy associated with chemotherapy in a dog presenting carcinoma in the thyroid gland / Tireoidectomia associada à quimioterapia em cão com carcinoma na glândula tireóide

This study aimed to describe a case of compact thyroid carcinoma in a dog, emphasizing the diagnosis, treatment, and clinical evolution. An 11-year-old mixed-breed male canine was attended at a private clinic, complaining of swelling in the ventral cervical region and difficulty breathing. A mass close to the thyroid gland was observed in the cervical ultrasound and a mixed tumor was identified by cytology. Based on follow-up exams, the therapeutic approach to be adopted was determined: total surgical resection of the right portion of the thyroid gland, together with the parathyroid glands, followed by chemotherapy with doxorubicin. The histopathology of the tissue removed confirmed the compact thyroid carcinoma. After thyroid removal, signs of hypothyroidism were confirmed by the hormonal dosage and the canine received hormone replacement with Levothyroxine as treatment, ceasing the symptoms. During routine follow-up, the presence of miliary pulmonary metastases was identified. The patient continued with the chemotherapy sessions, presenting a stable condition for almost 6 months after starting the treatment. However, clinical signs of dyspnea were manifested, resulting in a gradual worsening. Thus, the tutors chose to euthanize the animal after 9 months of treatment. According to the case described, thyroidectomy is an option of treatment for cases of thyroid carcinoma with wide dimensions. However, the technique's success depends on the effective and complete removal of the affected tissue due to the high frequency of metastases and the possible occurrence of secondary hypothyroidism.

Objetivou-se, neste trabalho, descrever um caso de carcinoma compacto de tireoide em cão, enfatizando o diagnóstico, o tratamento e a evolução clínica. O paciente foi atendido em uma clínica particular, sendo um canino macho, sem raça definida, de 11 anos, com queixa de edema cervical ventral e dificuldade respiratória. Pela ultrassonografia cervical, foi observada uma massa próxima à glândula tireoide e pela citologia, um tumor misto. A partir dos exames de acompanhamento, foi determinada a conduta terapêutica a ser adotada: ressecção cirúrgica total da porção direita da glândula tireoide, junto às paratireoides, seguida de quimioterapia com doxorrubicina. A histopatologia do tecido removido confirmou o carcinoma compacto da tireoide. Após a remoção da tireoide, sinais de hipotireoidismo foram confirmados pela dosagem hormonal, sendo feita reposição hormonal com Levotiroxina, cessando os sintomas. Durante o acompanhamento de rotina, foi identificada a presença de metástase pulmonar miliar. O paciente continuou suas sessões de quimioterapia, mantendo um quadro estável por quase seis meses após o início do tratamento. No entanto, sinais clínicos de dispneia foram manifestados, com piora gradativa do quadro, tendo os tutores optado pela eutanásia do animal após nove meses do início do tratamento. De acordo com o exposto, conclui-se que a tireoidectomia é um tratamento de escolha para os casos de carcinoma de tireoide com amplas dimensões. Entretanto, o sucesso da técnica depende da remoção efetiva e completa do tecido afetado, devido à alta frequência de metástases, além de poder ser acompanhada por um quadro de hipotireoidismo secundário.

Casuistry of radiographic examinations of wild animals in the southern region of the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, from 2017 to 2020 / [Casuística dos exames radiográficos de animais silvestres na região Sul do Rio Grande do Sul entre 2017-2020]

A radiologia é uma importante ferramenta complementar para o diagnóstico de diversas afecções em diferentes espécies. O uso de exames complementares na medicina de animais silvestres, em especial o exame de imagem, traz inúmeras informações acerca do paciente. Este trabalho apresenta os dados obtidos por meio de um levantamento dos exames radiográficos realizados em animais silvestres entre os anos de 2017 e 2020, no Laboratório de Diagnóstico de Imagem e Cardiologia (LADIC), do Hospital de Clínicas Veterinárias da Universidade Federal de Pelotas (HCV/UFPel). Ao todo, foram avaliados 464 prontuários, sendo 293 (63,1%) de aves, 135 (29,1%) de mamíferos e 36 (7,8%) de répteis. As alterações mais encontradas nos exames radiológicos foram fratura de membros torácicos para as duas primeiras classes, e pneumonia para a última.(AU)

Estenose da artéria pulmonar em cães: revisão de literatura

A estenose da artéria pulmonar corresponde uma doença cardíaca congênita, de maior frequência na espécie canina. Caracteriza-se por estreitamento do lúmen arterial pulmonar. Nos cães, corresponde à terceira patologia cardíaca de maior frequência e acomete principalmente o Buldogue inglês. Os animais acometidos geralmente não apresentam sintomatologia, e em casos mais graves é possível observar sinais de insuficiência cardíaca congênita direita e ate mesmo sincope. O método de escolha para o correto diagnóstico da doença é o exame ecocardiográfico, o qual permite detectar a lesão, classifica-la e ainda determinar o se grau de gravidade e as alterações secundarias.(AU)

Pulmonary artery stenosis corresponds to a congenital heart disease, more frequent in the canine species. It is characterized by narrowing of the pulmonary arterial lumen. In dogs, it corresponds to the third most frequent cardiac pathology and affects mainly the English Bulldog. Affected animals generally do not show symptoms, and in more severe cases it is possible to observe signs of right congenital heart failure and even syncope. The method of choice for the correct diagnosis of the disease is the echocardiographic examination, which allows to detect the lesion, classify it and also determine its degree of severity and secondary changes.(AU)

Estenose da artéria pulmonar em cães: revisão de literatura

A estenose da artéria pulmonar corresponde uma doença cardíaca congênita, de maior frequência na espécie canina. Caracteriza-se por estreitamento do lúmen arterial pulmonar. Nos cães, corresponde à terceira patologia cardíaca de maior frequência e acomete principalmente o Buldogue inglês. Os animais acometidos geralmente não apresentam sintomatologia, e em casos mais graves é possível observar sinais de insuficiência cardíaca congênita direita e ate mesmo sincope. O método de escolha para o correto diagnóstico da doença é o exame ecocardiográfico, o qual permite detectar a lesão, classifica-la e ainda determinar o se grau de gravidade e as alterações secundarias.

Pulmonary artery stenosis corresponds to a congenital heart disease, more frequent in the canine species. It is characterized by narrowing of the pulmonary arterial lumen. In dogs, it corresponds to the third most frequent cardiac pathology and affects mainly the English Bulldog. Affected animals generally do not show symptoms, and in more severe cases it is possible to observe signs of right congenital heart failure and even syncope. The method of choice for the correct diagnosis of the disease is the echocardiographic examination, which allows to detect the lesion, classify it and also determine its degree of severity and secondary changes.

Intermittent hemodialysis, an alternative treatment for ovine with acute-on-chronic kidney disease / Hemodiálise intermitente, um tratamento alternativo para ovinos em doença renal crônica agudizada / Hemodialisis intermitente, un tratamiento alternativo para ovinoscon enfermedad renal aguda en crónica

Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) is a syndrome composed of numerous comorbidities such as the failure of excretion of toxins and nitrogenous compounds from metabolism, as well as the failure to maintain endocrine, water, electrolyte and acid-base homeostasis in all mammals. As it is a non-regenerative and progressive disease, any endogenous or exogenous insults in the organ in question will lead to the intensification of all these mentioned disorders associated with decreased urinary output. Several studies in humans and animals recommend the use of renal replacement therapy, especially in those who already have CKD, and who are in uremic syndrome. This report aims to demonstrate that the use of intermittent hemodialysis (HI) in sheep is a therapeutic alternative in those in renal failure. A six-year-old Bergamasca sheep was presented with lateral decubitus, dyspnea, dark liquid diarrhea, apathy, anorexia and pulmonary crepitation on auscultation. Laboratory tests showed azotemia and electrolyte changes such as hypocalcemia, hypokalemia, hypochloremia, isosthenuria (1,012), pyuria, glycosuria, and a protein: creatinine ratio of 0.88. In ultrasonography, the real resistivity index was above 0.54, being suggestive of loss of renal perfusion. The treatment chosen consisted of electrolytic and fluid replacement, associated with HI. After HI, the sheep showed great clinical and laboratory improvement as expected, however, despite not having survived, the histopathological findings of the necropsy pointed out segments of glomerulosclerosis, thus reinforcing the hypothesis that the animal already had a CKD which was aggravated due to the association of hypovolemia, hypotension by anesthetic drugs and the indiscriminate use of NSAIDs. Despite the death of the sheep, HI again proved to be a therapy of rapid clinical...

A Doença Renal Crônica (DRC) é uma síndrome composta por inúmeras comorbidades como a falha da excreção de toxinas e compostos nitrogenados oriundos do metabolismo, bem como da falha na manutenção da homeostase endócrina, hídrica, eletrolítica e ácido-básico de todos os mamíferos. Por ser uma doença não-regenerativa e progressiva, quaisquer insultos endógenos ou exógenos no órgão em questão propiciará a intensificação de todas estas desordens mencionadas associadas a diminuição do débito urinário. Diversos estudos em humanos e animais recomendam o emprego de terapia de substituição renal, especialmente naqueles que já apresentam a DRC, e que se encontram em síndrome urêmica. Este relato tem como objetivo demonstrar que o emprego da hemodiálise intermitente (HI) em ovinos é uma alternativa terapêutica naqueles em falência renal. Uma ovelha Bergamácia de seis anos foi encaminhada em decúbito lateral, dispneia, diarreia líquida escura, apatia, anorexia e crepitação pulmonar à auscultação. Exames laboratoriais demonstraram azotemia e alterações eletrolíticas como hipocalcemia, hipocalemia, hipocloremia, isostenúria (1.012), piúria, glicosúria, e razão proteína: creatinina de 0,88. Em ultrassonografia, o index de resistividade real, apresentou-se acima de 0,54, sendo sugestivo de perda de perfusão renal. O tratamento eleito constituiu na reposição eletrolítica e volêmica, associada a HI. Após a HI, a ovelha apresentou grande melhora clínica e laboratorial como esperado, no entanto, apesar de não ter sobrevivido, os achados histopatológicos da necropsia apontaram segmentos de glomeruloesclerose, reforçando assim a hipótese de que o animal já apresentava uma DRC a qual agudizou devido a associação da hipovolemia, hipotensão por fármacos anestésicos e ao uso indiscriminado de AINES. Apesar do óbito da ovelha, a HI demonstrou novamente ser uma terapia de rápida melhora clínica e laboratorial do paciente comparada ao tratamento clínico convencional, assim sendo uma importante alternativa...

La enfermedad renal crónica (ERC) es un síndrome compuesto por numerosas comorbilidades, como el fracaso de la excreción de toxinas y compuestos nitrogenados del metabolismo, así como el fracaso para mantener la homeostasis endocrina, hidrica, electroliticay ácido-base en todos los mamíferos. Como es una enfermedad no regenerativa y progresiva, cualquier insulto endógeno o exógeno en el órgano en cuestión conducirá a la intensificación de todos estos trastornos mencionados asociados con la disminución del gasto urinario. Varios estudios en humanos y animales recomiendan el uso de la terapia de reemplazo renal, especialmente en aquellos que ya tienen ERC y que padecen síndrome urémico. Este informe tiene como objetivo demostrar que el uso de hemodiálisis intermitente (HI) en ovejas es una alternativa terapéutica en aquellos con insuficiencia renal. Una oveja Bergamasca de seis años fue apresentadaen decúbito lateral, disnea, diarrea líquida oscura, apatía, anorexia y crepitación pulmonar en la auscultación. Las pruebas de laboratorio mostraron alteraciones de azotemia y electrolitos como hipocalcemia, hipocalemia, hipocloremia, isostenuria (1,012), piuria, glucosuria y una relación proteína: creatinina de 0.88. En la ecografía, el índice de resistividad real fue superior a 0,54, lo que sugiere una pérdida de perfusión renal. El tratamiento elegido consistió en reemplazo electrolítico y de fluidos, asociado con HI. Después de HI,la oveja mostró una gran mejoría clínica y de laboratorio como se esperaba, sin embargo, a pesar de no haber sobrevivido, los hallazgos histopatológicos de la necropsia señalaron segmentos de glomeruloesclerosis, lo que refuerza la hipótesis de que el animal ya tenía una ERC que se agravó debido a la asociación de hipovolemia, hipotensión por fármacos anestésicos y el uso indiscriminado de AINE. A pesar de la muerte de la oveja, HI nuevamente demostró ser una terapia de rápida mejora clínica y de laboratorio del paciente en comparación con el tratamiento clínico convencional...

Intermittent hemodialysis, an alternative treatment for ovine with acute-on-chronic kidney disease / Hemodiálise intermitente, um tratamento alternativo para ovinos em doença renal crônica agudizada / Hemodialisis intermitente, un tratamiento alternativo para ovinoscon enfermedad renal aguda en crónica

Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) is a syndrome composed of numerous comorbidities such as the failure of excretion of toxins and nitrogenous compounds from metabolism, as well as the failure to maintain endocrine, water, electrolyte and acid-base homeostasis in all mammals. As it is a non-regenerative and progressive disease, any endogenous or exogenous insults in the organ in question will lead to the intensification of all these mentioned disorders associated with decreased urinary output. Several studies in humans and animals recommend the use of renal replacement therapy, especially in those who already have CKD, and who are in uremic syndrome. This report aims to demonstrate that the use of intermittent hemodialysis (HI) in sheep is a therapeutic alternative in those in renal failure. A six-year-old Bergamasca sheep was presented with lateral decubitus, dyspnea, dark liquid diarrhea, apathy, anorexia and pulmonary crepitation on auscultation. Laboratory tests showed azotemia and electrolyte changes such as hypocalcemia, hypokalemia, hypochloremia, isosthenuria (1,012), pyuria, glycosuria, and a protein: creatinine ratio of 0.88. In ultrasonography, the real resistivity index was above 0.54, being suggestive of loss of renal perfusion. The treatment chosen consisted of electrolytic and fluid replacement, associated with HI. After HI, the sheep showed great clinical and laboratory improvement as expected, however, despite not having survived, the histopathological findings of the necropsy pointed out segments of glomerulosclerosis, thus reinforcing the hypothesis that the animal already had a CKD which was aggravated due to the association of hypovolemia, hypotension by anesthetic drugs and the indiscriminate use of NSAIDs. Despite the death of the sheep, HI again proved to be a therapy of rapid clinical...(AU)

A Doença Renal Crônica (DRC) é uma síndrome composta por inúmeras comorbidades como a falha da excreção de toxinas e compostos nitrogenados oriundos do metabolismo, bem como da falha na manutenção da homeostase endócrina, hídrica, eletrolítica e ácido-básico de todos os mamíferos. Por ser uma doença não-regenerativa e progressiva, quaisquer insultos endógenos ou exógenos no órgão em questão propiciará a intensificação de todas estas desordens mencionadas associadas a diminuição do débito urinário. Diversos estudos em humanos e animais recomendam o emprego de terapia de substituição renal, especialmente naqueles que já apresentam a DRC, e que se encontram em síndrome urêmica. Este relato tem como objetivo demonstrar que o emprego da hemodiálise intermitente (HI) em ovinos é uma alternativa terapêutica naqueles em falência renal. Uma ovelha Bergamácia de seis anos foi encaminhada em decúbito lateral, dispneia, diarreia líquida escura, apatia, anorexia e crepitação pulmonar à auscultação. Exames laboratoriais demonstraram azotemia e alterações eletrolíticas como hipocalcemia, hipocalemia, hipocloremia, isostenúria (1.012), piúria, glicosúria, e razão proteína: creatinina de 0,88. Em ultrassonografia, o index de resistividade real, apresentou-se acima de 0,54, sendo sugestivo de perda de perfusão renal. O tratamento eleito constituiu na reposição eletrolítica e volêmica, associada a HI. Após a HI, a ovelha apresentou grande melhora clínica e laboratorial como esperado, no entanto, apesar de não ter sobrevivido, os achados histopatológicos da necropsia apontaram segmentos de glomeruloesclerose, reforçando assim a hipótese de que o animal já apresentava uma DRC a qual agudizou devido a associação da hipovolemia, hipotensão por fármacos anestésicos e ao uso indiscriminado de AINES. Apesar do óbito da ovelha, a HI demonstrou novamente ser uma terapia de rápida melhora clínica e laboratorial do paciente comparada ao tratamento clínico convencional, assim sendo uma importante alternativa...(AU)

La enfermedad renal crónica (ERC) es un síndrome compuesto por numerosas comorbilidades, como el fracaso de la excreción de toxinas y compuestos nitrogenados del metabolismo, así como el fracaso para mantener la homeostasis endocrina, hidrica, electroliticay ácido-base en todos los mamíferos. Como es una enfermedad no regenerativa y progresiva, cualquier insulto endógeno o exógeno en el órgano en cuestión conducirá a la intensificación de todos estos trastornos mencionados asociados con la disminución del gasto urinario. Varios estudios en humanos y animales recomiendan el uso de la terapia de reemplazo renal, especialmente en aquellos que ya tienen ERC y que padecen síndrome urémico. Este informe tiene como objetivo demostrar que el uso de hemodiálisis intermitente (HI) en ovejas es una alternativa terapéutica en aquellos con insuficiencia renal. Una oveja Bergamasca de seis años fue apresentadaen decúbito lateral, disnea, diarrea líquida oscura, apatía, anorexia y crepitación pulmonar en la auscultación. Las pruebas de laboratorio mostraron alteraciones de azotemia y electrolitos como hipocalcemia, hipocalemia, hipocloremia, isostenuria (1,012), piuria, glucosuria y una relación proteína: creatinina de 0.88. En la ecografía, el índice de resistividad real fue superior a 0,54, lo que sugiere una pérdida de perfusión renal. El tratamiento elegido consistió en reemplazo electrolítico y de fluidos, asociado con HI. Después de HI,la oveja mostró una gran mejoría clínica y de laboratorio como se esperaba, sin embargo, a pesar de no haber sobrevivido, los hallazgos histopatológicos de la necropsia señalaron segmentos de glomeruloesclerosis, lo que refuerza la hipótesis de que el animal ya tenía una ERC que se agravó debido a la asociación de hipovolemia, hipotensión por fármacos anestésicos y el uso indiscriminado de AINE. A pesar de la muerte de la oveja, HI nuevamente demostró ser una terapia de rápida mejora clínica y de laboratorio del paciente en comparación con el tratamiento clínico convencional...(AU)

A lung image reconstruction from computed radiography images as a tool to tuberculosis treatment control

Background: Background: Tuberculosis (TB) is an infectious lung disease with high worldwide incidence that severely compromises the quality of life in affected individuals. Clinical tests are currently employed to monitor pulmonary status and treatment progression. The present study aimed to apply a three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction method based on chest radiography to quantify lung-involvement volume of TB acute-phase patients before and after treatment. In addition, these results were compared with indices from conventional clinical exams to show the coincidence level. Methods: A 3D lung reconstruction method using patient chest radiography was applied to quantify lung-involvement volume using retrospective examinations of 50 patients who were diagnosed with pulmonary TB and treated with two different drugs schemes. Twenty-five patients were treated with Scheme I (rifampicin, isoniazid, and pyrazinamide), whereas twenty-five patients were treated with Scheme II (rifampicin, isoniazid, pyrazinamide, and ethambutol). Acute-phase reaction: Serum exams included C-reactive protein levels, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, and albumin levels. Pulmonary function was tested posttreatment. Results: We found strong agreement between lung involvement and serum indices pre- and posttreatment. Comparison of the functional severity degree with lung involvement based on 3D image quantification for both treatment schemes found a high correlation. Conclusions: The present 3D reconstruction method produced a satisfactory agreement with the acute-phase reaction, most notably a higher significance level with the C-reactive protein. We also found a quite reasonable coincidence between the 3D reconstruction method and the degree of functional lung impairment posttreatment. The performance of the quantification method was satisfactory when comparing the two treatment schemes. Thus, the 3D reconstruction quantification method may be useful tools for monitoring TB treatment...(AU)

Pulmonary carcinoma metastasis in a feline digit

Background: Primary pulmonary neoplasia is rare in domestic cats, with fewer than 1% of all tumors diagnosed in thisspecies. Primary lung tumors have a high percentage of metastases, observed in up to 75% of cases in cats. The lung-digitsyndrome is characterized by primary pulmonary neoplasms with metastases to the extremities of the limbs, mainly distalphalanges, possibly involving several digits and more than one limb. This report describes a case of pulmonary carcinomametastasis in a cat digit.Case: A 16-year-old neutered female cat was showing increased volume of the fourth digit was examined at the Universityof Caxias do Sul veterinary clinic. The animal also showed signs of progressive weight loss, apathy and limping on theright thoracic limb. After clinical evaluation, the animal was sent for radiographic examination of the right metacarpal/phalangeal region and the thorax. A radiopaque structure was observed with discreet central regions of radiolucency,measuring approximately 3 cm in height, 3.4 cm in length and 2.4 cm in depth in the left caudal lung, suggesting neoplasiaor pulmonary abscess. Digit image revealed osteolysis of the right and middle distal phalanx measuring 2 cm in height, 3cm in breadth and 1 cm in length. In view of these radiographic changes, we performed fine needle aspiration cytology ofthe digit and a nodule in the region of the skeletal musculature of the right thoracic limb. Cytological evaluation revealedcells had cilia on their surface (compatible with respiratory epithelium). The cytologic findings of the fine-needle biopsywere suggestive of carcinoma. After stabilization, the digit was amputated. The material was sent to the laboratory of theFederal University of Pelotas for histopathological examination...

Pulmonary carcinoma metastasis in a feline digit

Background: Primary pulmonary neoplasia is rare in domestic cats, with fewer than 1% of all tumors diagnosed in thisspecies. Primary lung tumors have a high percentage of metastases, observed in up to 75% of cases in cats. The lung-digitsyndrome is characterized by primary pulmonary neoplasms with metastases to the extremities of the limbs, mainly distalphalanges, possibly involving several digits and more than one limb. This report describes a case of pulmonary carcinomametastasis in a cat digit.Case: A 16-year-old neutered female cat was showing increased volume of the fourth digit was examined at the Universityof Caxias do Sul veterinary clinic. The animal also showed signs of progressive weight loss, apathy and limping on theright thoracic limb. After clinical evaluation, the animal was sent for radiographic examination of the right metacarpal/phalangeal region and the thorax. A radiopaque structure was observed with discreet central regions of radiolucency,measuring approximately 3 cm in height, 3.4 cm in length and 2.4 cm in depth in the left caudal lung, suggesting neoplasiaor pulmonary abscess. Digit image revealed osteolysis of the right and middle distal phalanx measuring 2 cm in height, 3cm in breadth and 1 cm in length. In view of these radiographic changes, we performed fine needle aspiration cytology ofthe digit and a nodule in the region of the skeletal musculature of the right thoracic limb. Cytological evaluation revealedcells had cilia on their surface (compatible with respiratory epithelium). The cytologic findings of the fine-needle biopsywere suggestive of carcinoma. After stabilization, the digit was amputated. The material was sent to the laboratory of theFederal University of Pelotas for histopathological examination...(AU)

Cardiovascular assessment in Female Spotted Paca ( Cuniculus paca ) / Avaliação cardiovascular em fêmea da Cúciculus paca

Aiming to provide cardiovascular morphophysiology information on the Cuniculus paca, an important neotropical rodent, eight healthy adult females of this species were evaluated three times by echocardiography under general anesthesia with isoflurane every 15 days. The exams were performed by a single experienced evaluator with the animals positioned in right and left decubitus. Posteriorly, two expert evaluators measured the cardiac chambers, walls and flow patterns, by B-mode, M-mode, and Doppler ultrasonography. The resulting values were compared among evaluators and periods by the Bland-Altman agreement test and several descriptive statistics were presented for each parameter. Echocardiographic images were obtained between the second and fifth left and right intercostal spaces, enabling the measurement of heart chambers and walls, mitral, tricuspid, aortic and pulmonary valves blood flows, and the ejection and shortening fractions calculation. None of the studied variables showed inter-observers or inter-periods variations. This study provided some normal echocardiographic variables, applicable to epidemiological, pathophysiological or case studies in the Cuniculus paca and phylogenetically close species.(AU)

Com o objetivo de fornecer informações da morfofisiologia cardiovascular da Cuniculus paca, um importante roedor neotropical, oito fêmeas adultas saudáveis dessa espécie foram avaliadas três vezes pela ecocardiografia, sob anestesia geral com isoflurano, a cada 15 dias. Os exames foram realizados por um único avaliador experiente, com os animais posicionados em decúbito direito e esquerdo. Posteriormente, dois avaliadores experientes mediram as câmaras cardíacas, as paredes e os padrões de fluxo, por meio do modo B, do modo M e da ultrassonografia Doppler. Os valores resultantes foram comparados entre avaliadores e períodos pelo teste de concordância de Bland-Altman, e várias estatísticas descritivas foram apresentadas para cada parâmetro. As imagens ecocardiográficas foram obtidas entre o segundo e o quinto espaços intercostais esquerdo e direito, o que permitiu a medição das câmaras e paredes cardíacas, do fluxo sanguíneo pelas válvulas mitral, tricúspide, aórtica e pulmonar e o cálculo das frações de ejeção e encurtamento. Nenhuma das variáveis estudadas mostrou variações entre os avaliadores ou entre os períodos. Este estudo fornece algumas variáveis ecocardiográficas normais, aplicáveis a estudos epidemiológicos, fisiopatológicos ou de casos na Cuniculus paca e em espécies filogeneticamente próximas.(AU)

Cardiovascular assessment in Female Spotted Paca ( Cuniculus paca ) / Avaliação cardiovascular em fêmea da Cúciculus paca

Aiming to provide cardiovascular morphophysiology information on the Cuniculus paca, an important neotropical rodent, eight healthy adult females of this species were evaluated three times by echocardiography under general anesthesia with isoflurane every 15 days. The exams were performed by a single experienced evaluator with the animals positioned in right and left decubitus. Posteriorly, two expert evaluators measured the cardiac chambers, walls and flow patterns, by B-mode, M-mode, and Doppler ultrasonography. The resulting values were compared among evaluators and periods by the Bland-Altman agreement test and several descriptive statistics were presented for each parameter. Echocardiographic images were obtained between the second and fifth left and right intercostal spaces, enabling the measurement of heart chambers and walls, mitral, tricuspid, aortic and pulmonary valves blood flows, and the ejection and shortening fractions calculation. None of the studied variables showed inter-observers or inter-periods variations. This study provided some normal echocardiographic variables, applicable to epidemiological, pathophysiological or case studies in the Cuniculus paca and phylogenetically close species.(AU)

Com o objetivo de fornecer informações da morfofisiologia cardiovascular da Cuniculus paca, um importante roedor neotropical, oito fêmeas adultas saudáveis dessa espécie foram avaliadas três vezes pela ecocardiografia, sob anestesia geral com isoflurano, a cada 15 dias. Os exames foram realizados por um único avaliador experiente, com os animais posicionados em decúbito direito e esquerdo. Posteriormente, dois avaliadores experientes mediram as câmaras cardíacas, as paredes e os padrões de fluxo, por meio do modo B, do modo M e da ultrassonografia Doppler. Os valores resultantes foram comparados entre avaliadores e períodos pelo teste de concordância de Bland-Altman, e várias estatísticas descritivas foram apresentadas para cada parâmetro. As imagens ecocardiográficas foram obtidas entre o segundo e o quinto espaços intercostais esquerdo e direito, o que permitiu a medição das câmaras e paredes cardíacas, do fluxo sanguíneo pelas válvulas mitral, tricúspide, aórtica e pulmonar e o cálculo das frações de ejeção e encurtamento. Nenhuma das variáveis estudadas mostrou variações entre os avaliadores ou entre os períodos. Este estudo fornece algumas variáveis ecocardiográficas normais, aplicáveis a estudos epidemiológicos, fisiopatológicos ou de casos na Cuniculus paca e em espécies filogeneticamente próximas.(AU)

Broncopneumopatia eosinofílica em cães / Eosinophilic bronchopneumopathy in dog

Background: The eosinophilic bronchopneumopathy (EBP) is characterized by pulmonary infiltration with eosinophils. The etiology of canine EBP remains unclear, although hypersensitivity to aeroallergens is suspected. Dogs affected are usually young. The persistent cough is the most common clinical sign, often associated with respiratory difficulty and exercise intolerance. The diagnosis is based on signalment, radiographic and bronchoscopic findings, and the tissue eosiphilic infiltration demonstrated by cytology of bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL). No reports were found in Brazil. The aim of this paper is report four cases of canine BPE, with emphasis on clinical aspects, diagnosis and therapy.Cases: Case 1. A 18-month-old female dog with 12 kg of body weight was presented for consultation with a 60-day history of cough, inappetence and weariness. It presented cough and tachypnea. The complementary exams demonstrated peripheral eosinophilia, bronchointersticial pulmonary pattern on radiography, moderate amount of mucus on bronchoscopy and tissue eosinophilis infiltration on the BAL. The treatment was based on steroids, with improvement of clinical signs. Case 2. A 24-month-old female dog with 16 kg of body weight was presented for consultation with one-year history of cough, inappetence and lethargy. It presented only cough, and in complementary exams showed transitory peripheral eosinophilia, bronchointersticial pattern on radiography and predominantly eosinophilic inflammation on citology of BAL. The therapy was based on steroids, with improvement followed by worsening of signs, with need of readjustment of doses. Case 3. A 8-year-old male dog with 6.2 kg of body weight was presented for consultation with 3-weeks history of productive cough, vomiting and weight loss. The complementary exams showed peripheral eosinophilia, bronchointersticial pulmonary pattern on radiography and eosinophils infiltration on cytology of BAL.[...]

Broncopneumopatia eosinofílica em cães / Eosinophilic bronchopneumopathy in dog

Background: The eosinophilic bronchopneumopathy (EBP) is characterized by pulmonary infiltration with eosinophils. The etiology of canine EBP remains unclear, although hypersensitivity to aeroallergens is suspected. Dogs affected are usually young. The persistent cough is the most common clinical sign, often associated with respiratory difficulty and exercise intolerance. The diagnosis is based on signalment, radiographic and bronchoscopic findings, and the tissue eosiphilic infiltration demonstrated by cytology of bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL). No reports were found in Brazil. The aim of this paper is report four cases of canine BPE, with emphasis on clinical aspects, diagnosis and therapy.Cases: Case 1. A 18-month-old female dog with 12 kg of body weight was presented for consultation with a 60-day history of cough, inappetence and weariness. It presented cough and tachypnea. The complementary exams demonstrated peripheral eosinophilia, bronchointersticial pulmonary pattern on radiography, moderate amount of mucus on bronchoscopy and tissue eosinophilis infiltration on the BAL. The treatment was based on steroids, with improvement of clinical signs. Case 2. A 24-month-old female dog with 16 kg of body weight was presented for consultation with one-year history of cough, inappetence and lethargy. It presented only cough, and in complementary exams showed transitory peripheral eosinophilia, bronchointersticial pattern on radiography and predominantly eosinophilic inflammation on citology of BAL. The therapy was based on steroids, with improvement followed by worsening of signs, with need of readjustment of doses. Case 3. A 8-year-old male dog with 6.2 kg of body weight was presented for consultation with 3-weeks history of productive cough, vomiting and weight loss. The complementary exams showed peripheral eosinophilia, bronchointersticial pulmonary pattern on radiography and eosinophils infiltration on cytology of BAL.[...](AU)

Pulmonar ARFI elastography and ultrasonography of canine fetal hydrops: case report / Elastografia ARFI e ultrassonografia pulmonar de fetos com hidropsia fetal canina: relato de caso

This case report describes diagnostic and prognostic applicability of pulmonary acoustic radiation force impulse elastography and ultrasonography in canine hydrops fetalis. We also explore these methods' potential in prediction of postnatal respiratory dysfunction. Two pregnant bitches (English bulldog [case 1] and French bulldog [case 2]) were referred for sonographic evaluation in their last week of pregnancy. Ultrasound showed that in each bitch, one fetus presented with lung alterations (hyperechogenicity, irregular surface, and pleural effusion) and anasarca. The other fetuses of the litter were normal, and they were observed as light gray and dark blue on pulmonary elastography. Their shear-wave velocity was 0.75m/s. Fetuses with hydrops were observed as medium gray and dark blue, and the average shear-wave velocities were 1.05m/s (case 1) and 1.12m/s (case 2). Findings were compatible with increased lung rigidity. Six neonates of English bulldog and two of French bulldog showed no signs of clinical abnormalities during neonatal assessment. One puppy in each gestation presented with anasarca and respiratory distress, and died approximately 24 hours after birth. Novel ultrasound techniques (elastography) for assessing pulmonary tissues in abnormal fetuses in veterinary obstetrics can promote early, safe, and non-invasive diagnosis of canine prenatal and neonatal alterations.(AU)

Este relato de caso descreve a aplicabilidade diagnóstica e prognóstica da elastografia ARFI e ultrassonografia pulmonar em fetos caninos com hidropisia, como um método potencial para predizer a disfunção respiratória pós-natal nesses conceptos. Duas cadelas gestantes (Buldogue Inglês - caso 1 e Buldogue Francês - caso 2) foram encaminhadas para avaliação ultrassonográfica na última semana de gestação. Pela ultrassonografia foram observadas, em cada cadela, um feto apresentando alterações pulmonares (hiperecogenicidade, superfície irregular e derrame pleural) e anasarca. Outros fetos não apresentaram anormalidades. Os fetos normais apresentaram elastograma pulmonar cinza-claro e azul-escuro e velocidade de cisalhamento de 0,75m/s. Os fetos com hidropisia apresentaram tonalidades cinza-média e azul-escura e velocidade de cisalhamento de 1,05m/s (caso 1) e 1,12m/s (caso 2). Esses achados são compatíveis com o aumento da rigidez pulmonar. Seis neonatos Buldogue Inglês e dois Buldogues Franceses não mostraram sinais de anormalidades clínicas na avaliação neonatal. Um filhote de cada gestação apresentou anasarca e dificuldade respiratória, vindo a óbito cerca de 24 horas após o nascimento. O uso das novas técnicas de ultrassonografia (elastografia) para avaliação de tecidos pulmonares em feto anormal, em obstetrícia veterinária, pode promover o diagnóstico precoce, seguro e não invasivo de alterações pré-natais e neonatais em conceptos caninos.(AU)

Pulmonar ARFI elastography and ultrasonography of canine fetal hydrops: case report / Elastografia ARFI e ultrassonografia pulmonar de fetos com hidropsia fetal canina: relato de caso

This case report describes diagnostic and prognostic applicability of pulmonary acoustic radiation force impulse elastography and ultrasonography in canine hydrops fetalis. We also explore these methods' potential in prediction of postnatal respiratory dysfunction. Two pregnant bitches (English bulldog [case 1] and French bulldog [case 2]) were referred for sonographic evaluation in their last week of pregnancy. Ultrasound showed that in each bitch, one fetus presented with lung alterations (hyperechogenicity, irregular surface, and pleural effusion) and anasarca. The other fetuses of the litter were normal, and they were observed as light gray and dark blue on pulmonary elastography. Their shear-wave velocity was 0.75m/s. Fetuses with hydrops were observed as medium gray and dark blue, and the average shear-wave velocities were 1.05m/s (case 1) and 1.12m/s (case 2). Findings were compatible with increased lung rigidity. Six neonates of English bulldog and two of French bulldog showed no signs of clinical abnormalities during neonatal assessment. One puppy in each gestation presented with anasarca and respiratory distress, and died approximately 24 hours after birth. Novel ultrasound techniques (elastography) for assessing pulmonary tissues in abnormal fetuses in veterinary obstetrics can promote early, safe, and non-invasive diagnosis of canine prenatal and neonatal alterations.(AU)

Este relato de caso descreve a aplicabilidade diagnóstica e prognóstica da elastografia ARFI e ultrassonografia pulmonar em fetos caninos com hidropisia, como um método potencial para predizer a disfunção respiratória pós-natal nesses conceptos. Duas cadelas gestantes (Buldogue Inglês - caso 1 e Buldogue Francês - caso 2) foram encaminhadas para avaliação ultrassonográfica na última semana de gestação. Pela ultrassonografia foram observadas, em cada cadela, um feto apresentando alterações pulmonares (hiperecogenicidade, superfície irregular e derrame pleural) e anasarca. Outros fetos não apresentaram anormalidades. Os fetos normais apresentaram elastograma pulmonar cinza-claro e azul-escuro e velocidade de cisalhamento de 0,75m/s. Os fetos com hidropisia apresentaram tonalidades cinza-média e azul-escura e velocidade de cisalhamento de 1,05m/s (caso 1) e 1,12m/s (caso 2). Esses achados são compatíveis com o aumento da rigidez pulmonar. Seis neonatos Buldogue Inglês e dois Buldogues Franceses não mostraram sinais de anormalidades clínicas na avaliação neonatal. Um filhote de cada gestação apresentou anasarca e dificuldade respiratória, vindo a óbito cerca de 24 horas após o nascimento. O uso das novas técnicas de ultrassonografia (elastografia) para avaliação de tecidos pulmonares em feto anormal, em obstetrícia veterinária, pode promover o diagnóstico precoce, seguro e não invasivo de alterações pré-natais e neonatais em conceptos caninos.(AU)

Diferential diagnosis between esophageal granuloma and pulmonary metastasis

Background: Spirocercosis is a parasitic infection caused by Spirocerca lupi. This pathology affects canid carnivores, especially domestic dogs. Early diagnosis has been proven challenging and most infected animals are diagnosed when disease is in advanced stage. Exams such as computed tomography scans or radiographs can aid in disease confirmation. Radiographic exam frequently reveals the presence of a mass located in mediastinal region, which can be erroneously diagnosed as pulmonary mass. The aim of this study was to report the differential diagnosis between paraesophageal granuloma, possibly due to spirocercosis, and pulmonary metastasis in a dog with a history of neurofibrosarcoma.Case: A 8 year-old male Cocker Spaniel dog, weighing 17.4 kg, was presented with anterior limb suspension and a recurrent nodule of 2.0 cm diameter, located on the main pad, with previous diagnosis of neurofibrosarcoma (malignant Schwannoma). Routine evaluation work-up included thoracic radiographs and abdominal ultrasound for clinical staging, electrocardiogram, complete blood count (CBC), coagulogram, renal and hepatic function tests, with results within the normal range for the species. The dog submitted to left anterior limb amputation due to recurrent neurofibrosarcoma in the carpal region. Histopathological exam confirmed recurrent neurofibrosarcoma without vascular invasion. Considering neoplasm biological behavior and clean surgical margins, only routine follow-up was established, with clinical exams. The dogwas presented to the Veterinary Hospital five months after surgical treatment and it was presented with fever, prostration, and history of vomiting. Radiographic exam showed a circumscribed mass in caudal mediastinal area. Computed tomography scan was performed to best evaluate the mass and the result was compatible with paraesophageal abscess.[...]