Influence of Male to Female Ratio on Hormone Profiles and Reproductive Performance of Anestrus Postpartum Ewes Subjected to the Male Effect

Background: Complete isolation of genders allows intense estrous induction and synchronization once rams are introduced in ewe flocks at the onset of the breeding season (BS). This management practice, defined as the male effect, results from a neuroendocrine process mediated by pheromones. The male effect is a straightforward procedure to induce estrous in noncycling ewes, but conditions for its use have not been fully explored. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate hormone levels and ovarian activity of postpartum ewes in anestrus which are subjected to the male effect under different male to female ratios.Material, Methods & Results: Pospartum females were selected according to body condition score and cyclicity status. Females were kept apart from males during 30 days at a distance of 10 m. Anestrus and ovulation were determined by P4 measures on days 10, 20 and 30 after isolation from males. After P4 concentration diagnosis, anestrus ewe (n = 99) were subjected to male to ewe ratios (MFR) of 1:20 (MFR20), 1:30 (MFR30) and 1:40 (MFR40). Santa Inês rams  (n = 3) of proven fertility were used. Three females of each group were randomly subjected to blood collection for LH concentration analysis. Ovarian activity was performed by ultrasonography after estrus manifestation in six ewe of each group. Estrus events were observed twice a day during the BS of 35 days, and estrus wer

Influence of male to female ratio on hormone profiles and reproductive performance of anestrus postpartum ewes subjected to the male effect

Background: Complete isolation of genders allows intense estrous induction and synchronization once rams are introduced in ewe flocks at the onset of the breeding season (BS). This management practice, defined as the male effect, results from a neuroendocrine process mediated by pheromones. The male effect is a straightforward procedure to induce estrous in noncycling ewes, but conditions for its use have not been fully explored. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate hormone levels and ovarian activity of postpartum ewes in anestrus which are subjected to the male effect under different male to female ratios. Material, Methods & Results: Pospartum females were selected according to body condition score and cyclicity status. Females were kept apart from males during 30 days at a distance of 10 m. Anestrus and ovulation were determined by P4 measures on days 10, 20 and 30 after isolation from males. After P4 concentration diagnosis, anestrus ewe (n = 99) were subjected to male to ewe ratios (MFR) of 1:20 (MFR20), 1:30 (MFR30) and 1:40 (MFR40). Santa Inês rams (n = 3) of proven fertility were used. Three females of each group were randomly subjected to blood collection for LH concentration analysis. Ovarian activity was performed by ultrasonography after estrus manifestation in six ewe of each group. Estrus events were observed twice a day during the BS of 35 days, and estrus [...](AU)

Influence of male to female ratio on hormone profiles and reproductive performance of anestrus postpartum ewes subjected to the male effect

Background: Complete isolation of genders allows intense estrous induction and synchronization once rams are introduced in ewe flocks at the onset of the breeding season (BS). This management practice, defined as the male effect, results from a neuroendocrine process mediated by pheromones. The male effect is a straightforward procedure to induce estrous in noncycling ewes, but conditions for its use have not been fully explored. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate hormone levels and ovarian activity of postpartum ewes in anestrus which are subjected to the male effect under different male to female ratios. Material, Methods & Results: Pospartum females were selected according to body condition score and cyclicity status. Females were kept apart from males during 30 days at a distance of 10 m. Anestrus and ovulation were determined by P4 measures on days 10, 20 and 30 after isolation from males. After P4 concentration diagnosis, anestrus ewe (n = 99) were subjected to male to ewe ratios (MFR) of 1:20 (MFR20), 1:30 (MFR30) and 1:40 (MFR40). Santa Inês rams (n = 3) of proven fertility were used. Three females of each group were randomly subjected to blood collection for LH concentration analysis. Ovarian activity was performed by ultrasonography after estrus manifestation in six ewe of each group. Estrus events were observed twice a day during the BS of 35 days, and estrus [...]

Reproductive outcomes using different distances for preconditioning for the male effect in Anglo Nubian goats during two distinct climate seasons / Desempenho reprodutivo usando distâncias diferentes para o pré-condicionamento do efeito macho em caprinos durante dois períodos climáticos distintos

The objective of the present study was to determine if separation distance between bucks and does during two distinct climate seasons could affect the reproductive performance of goats subjected to a 45-day mating season (MS). Anglo Nubian does (n = 120) were kept apart from bucks at distances of 2 m (T1), 300 m (T2), and 2000 m (T3) for 60 days prior to the 45-day MS during two distinct climate seasons [dry season (DS, February to March) and rainy season (RS, September to October)] in Sertânia, Pernambuco state, Brazil. There were no effects of distance of separation between bucks and does in any response variable evaluated. However, during the DS, the mean of the first estrous manifestation varied significantly (P>0.05) between groups [7.13±4.49 (T1), 8.84±5.64 (T2), and 6.37±4.21 (T3) days] and during the RS [7.33±5.74 (T1), 6.60±4.88 (T2) and 8.10±4.87 (T3) days]. Similar (P>0.05) estrous induction rates were found during both the DS [100.00% (T1), 100.00% (T2) and 95.50% (T3)] and the RS [100.00% (T1), 100.00% (T2) and 100.00% (T3)]. The estrous synchronization rate was found to be lower during the DS [36.60%; 30.00% (T1), 35.00% (T2) and 45.00% (T3)] than during the RS [56.60%; 50.00% (T1), 60.00% (T2) and 60.00% (T3)]. Pregnancy rates during the DS [P>0.05; 80.00% (T1), 70.00% (T2) and 75.00% (T3)] were lower than during the RS [P>0.05; 90.00% (T1), 90.00% (T2) and 95.00%(T3)]. In summary, the separation distance between bucks and does did not affect the reproductive outcome of Anglo Nubian goats over a 45-day MS under tropical conditions. Greater reproductive outcome was observed during the RS than the DS regardless of the separation distance between bucks and does...

O objetivo do presente estudo foi determinar se a distância de isolamento entre machos e fêmeas avaliado durante dois períodos climáticos distintos afeta o desempenho reprodutivo de caprinos submetidos a uma estação de monta (EM) de 45 dias. Fêmeas Anglo Nubianas (n = 120) foram afastadas dos machos por distâncias de 2 m (T1), 300 m (T2) e 2000 m (T3) por 60 dias antes da EM de 45 dias sob diferentes condições climáticas [estação seca (ES, Fevereiro a Março) e estação chuvosa (EC, Setembro a Outubro)] em Sertânia, estado de Pernambuco, Brasil. Não houve efeito da distância de pré-condicionamento entre machos e fêmeas em nenhuma variável avaliada. No entanto, durante a ES, a média da primeira manifestação de estro variou (P>0,05) entre os grupos [7,13±4,49 (T1), 8,84±5,64 (T2) e 6,37±4,21 (T3) dias] e durante a EC [7,33±5,74 (T1), 6,60±4,88 (T2) e 8,10±4,87 (T3)]. A taxa de indução de estro foi semelhante (P>0,05) entre ES [100,00% (T1), 100,00% (T2) e 95,50% (T3)] e EC [100,00% (T1), 100,00% (T2) e 100,00% (T3)]. A sincronização do estro foi inferior durante a ES [36,60%, 30,00% (T1), 35,00% (T2) e 45,00% (T3)] que durante a EC [56,60%, 50,00% (T1), 60,00% (T2) e 60,00% (T3)]. As taxas de prenhez na ES [P>0,05; 80,00% (T1), 70,00% (T2) e 75,00% (T3)] foram menores do que em EC [P>0,05; 90,00% (T1), 90,00% (T2) e 95,00% (T3)]. Em conclusão, a distância de pré-condicionamento entre machos e fêmeas não afetou o desempenho reprodutivo durante a EM de 45 dias de caprinos Anglo Nubianos sob condições tropicais. Um desempenho reprodutivo maior foi observado durante a estação chuvosa comparado a estação seca, independente da distância de pré-condicionamento...

Reproductive outcomes using different distances for preconditioning for the male effect in Anglo Nubian goats during two distinct climate seasons / Desempenho reprodutivo usando distâncias diferentes para o pré-condicionamento do efeito macho em caprinos durante dois períodos climáticos distintos

The objective of the present study was to determine if separation distance between bucks and does during two distinct climate seasons could affect the reproductive performance of goats subjected to a 45-day mating season (MS). Anglo Nubian does (n = 120) were kept apart from bucks at distances of 2 m (T1), 300 m (T2), and 2000 m (T3) for 60 days prior to the 45-day MS during two distinct climate seasons [dry season (DS, February to March) and rainy season (RS, September to October)] in Sertânia, Pernambuco state, Brazil. There were no effects of distance of separation between bucks and does in any response variable evaluated. However, during the DS, the mean of the first estrous manifestation varied significantly (P>0.05) between groups [7.13±4.49 (T1), 8.84±5.64 (T2), and 6.37±4.21 (T3) days] and during the RS [7.33±5.74 (T1), 6.60±4.88 (T2) and 8.10±4.87 (T3) days]. Similar (P>0.05) estrous induction rates were found during both the DS [100.00% (T1), 100.00% (T2) and 95.50% (T3)] and the RS [100.00% (T1), 100.00% (T2) and 100.00% (T3)]. The estrous synchronization rate was found to be lower during the DS [36.60%; 30.00% (T1), 35.00% (T2) and 45.00% (T3)] than during the RS [56.60%; 50.00% (T1), 60.00% (T2) and 60.00% (T3)]. Pregnancy rates during the DS [P>0.05; 80.00% (T1), 70.00% (T2) and 75.00% (T3)] were lower than during the RS [P>0.05; 90.00% (T1), 90.00% (T2) and 95.00%(T3)]. In summary, the separation distance between bucks and does did not affect the reproductive outcome of Anglo Nubian goats over a 45-day MS under tropical conditions. Greater reproductive outcome was observed during the RS than the DS regardless of the separation distance between bucks and does...(AU)

O objetivo do presente estudo foi determinar se a distância de isolamento entre machos e fêmeas avaliado durante dois períodos climáticos distintos afeta o desempenho reprodutivo de caprinos submetidos a uma estação de monta (EM) de 45 dias. Fêmeas Anglo Nubianas (n = 120) foram afastadas dos machos por distâncias de 2 m (T1), 300 m (T2) e 2000 m (T3) por 60 dias antes da EM de 45 dias sob diferentes condições climáticas [estação seca (ES, Fevereiro a Março) e estação chuvosa (EC, Setembro a Outubro)] em Sertânia, estado de Pernambuco, Brasil. Não houve efeito da distância de pré-condicionamento entre machos e fêmeas em nenhuma variável avaliada. No entanto, durante a ES, a média da primeira manifestação de estro variou (P>0,05) entre os grupos [7,13±4,49 (T1), 8,84±5,64 (T2) e 6,37±4,21 (T3) dias] e durante a EC [7,33±5,74 (T1), 6,60±4,88 (T2) e 8,10±4,87 (T3)]. A taxa de indução de estro foi semelhante (P>0,05) entre ES [100,00% (T1), 100,00% (T2) e 95,50% (T3)] e EC [100,00% (T1), 100,00% (T2) e 100,00% (T3)]. A sincronização do estro foi inferior durante a ES [36,60%, 30,00% (T1), 35,00% (T2) e 45,00% (T3)] que durante a EC [56,60%, 50,00% (T1), 60,00% (T2) e 60,00% (T3)]. As taxas de prenhez na ES [P>0,05; 80,00% (T1), 70,00% (T2) e 75,00% (T3)] foram menores do que em EC [P>0,05; 90,00% (T1), 90,00% (T2) e 95,00% (T3)]. Em conclusão, a distância de pré-condicionamento entre machos e fêmeas não afetou o desempenho reprodutivo durante a EM de 45 dias de caprinos Anglo Nubianos sob condições tropicais. Um desempenho reprodutivo maior foi observado durante a estação chuvosa comparado a estação seca, independente da distância de pré-condicionamento...(AU)

Bioestimulação micorrízica com óleo essencial em mudas de Enterolobium contorsiliquum e Bauhinia forficata em solo contaminado com cobre / Mycorrhizal bioestimulation with essential oil on Enterolobium contorsiliquum and Bauhinia forficata seedlings in soil contaminated with copper

O uso de espécies arbóreas nativas inoculadas com fungo ectomicorrízico pode ser uma alternativa para revegetação de solo contaminado com cobre. O objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar a interferência do óleo essencial de eucalipto, cobre e ectomicorriza na qualidade de mudas de timbaúva-preta (Enterolobium contorsiliquum) e pata-de-vaca (Bauhinia forficata). O trabalho foi conduzido em casa de vegetação por 120 dias, usando como substrato a camada de 0 20 cm de um Latossolo Vermelho com textura argilosa. O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente casualizado em arranjo fatorial (2 x 2 x 2), sendo com e sem inoculante ectomicorrízico, óleo essencial e adição de 150 mg kg-1 de cobre no solo. Avaliou-se a altura da planta, diâmetro de colo, massa seca da parte aérea, das raízes e total, comprimento e área superficial específica radicular e a qualidade das mudas pelas relações entre: altura da parte aérea e diâmetro do colo, altura da parte aérea e massa seca da parte aérea e pelo índice de qualidade de Dickson. A formação da ectomicorriza foi identificada pela visualização de estruturas fúngicas na morfologia externa e interna do sistema radicular. A adição de cobre reduziu o diâmetro do colo e massa seca da parte aérea das mudas de pata-de-vaca independente da adição de inoculante e óleo. Não houve formação de ectomicorriza, mesmo quando aplicado óleo essencial nas mudas da timbaúva-preta e pata-de-vaca. O crescimento das mudas da timbaúva-preta é estimulado pela adição de 150 mg kg-1 de cobre e apresenta maior índice de qualidade de mudas em relação a pata-de-vaca.(AU)

The use of native tree species inoculated with ectomycorrhizal fungus can be an alternative for revegetation of soil contaminated with copper. The objective was to evaluate the interference of eucalyptus essential oil copper and ectomycorrhiza on growth and quality of seedlings timbaúva-preta (Enterolobium contorsiliquum) and pata-de-vaca (Bauhinia forficata). The study was conducted in greenhouse for 120 days using as substrate the layer of 0-20 cm of a Red Oxisol with very clayey texture. The experimental design was completely randomized factorial (2 x 2 x 2), and with and without inoculant ectomycorrhizal essential oil and addition of 150 mg kg-1 of copper in the soil . Was evaluated the plant height, stem diameter, dry mass of shoots, roots and total length and specific surface area and root seedling quality of relations between: shoot height and stem diameter, shoot height and dry mass of shoots and the quality index of Dickson. The formation of ectomycorrhiza was identified by visualization of fungal structures and surface morphology internal and external morphology of the root system. Addition of copper reduced de stems diameter and dry mass of de aerial part of the pata-de-vaca seedlings regardless of the addition of inoculant and oil. There was no formation of ectomycorrhiza, even when applied in the essential oil of seedlings timbaúva-preta and pata-de-vaca. Growth of timbaúva-preta seedlings is stimulated by the addition of 150 mg kg 1 of copper and has a higher rate of seedling quality in relation to pata-de-vaca.(AU)

EFEITO MACHO SOBRE A CAPACIDADE REPRODUTIVA DE OVELHAS SANTA INÊS E MORADA NOVA CRIADAS NAS REGIÕES DO SEMIÁRIDO E DA ZONA DA MATA DO ESTADO DE PERNAMBUCO

Avaliou-se no Semiárido e na Zona da Mata a influência do efeito macho sobre a indução e a sincronização do estro, bem como sobre a prenhez e a prolificidade de ovelhas nulíparas e pluríparas das raças Santa Inês e Morada Nova. As fêmeas cíclicas, foram previamente isoladas dos reprodutores por 30 dias. O estro foi considerado sincronizado quando ocorreu até o quinto dia da referida estação. No primeiro experimento, os estros ocorreram até 48o dia da estação de monta nas fêmeas Santa Inês e até o 54o dia nas da raça Morada Nova no Semiárido. Na Zona da Mata, as fêmeas Santa Inês apresentaram estro até o 56o dia, enquanto que da raça Morada Nova somente até o 46o dia da estação de monta. Tanto na Região do Semiárido quanto na Zona da Mata, a maior concentração de estros ocorreu entre o 11o e o 15o dia da estação de monta com Santa Inês e entre o 6o e o 10o dia com Morada Nova. No Semiárido, a sincronização dos estros nas duas raças ocorreu apenas em 10% das fêmeas. Na Zona da Mata, somente 10% das fêmeas Santa Inês e 15% da raça Morada Nova tiveram os estros sincronizados (P > 0,05). No Semiárido, a prenhez total no primeiro serviço foi de 45,00% e no segundo de 52,94%, já o total de partos foi 85,18% de simples e 14,81% de duplo, com prolificidade de 1.15±0,38. Na Zona da Mata, a prenhez total foi de 42,50% no primeiro, 64,70% no segundo serviço e o total de partos foi de 86,20% de simples, 12,06% de duplo e 3,33% de triplo com prolificidade de 1.15±0,31. Conclui-se que o efeito macho não sincroniza o estro de ovelhas nulíparas, mas, induz e concentra a maioria dos estros nos primeiros 15 dias de uma estação de monta, concluindo-se ainda que a espécie ovina pode ser criada em ambas as regiões sem prejuízo da eficiência reprodutiva. No segundo experimento, os estros das fêmeas Santa Inês variaram de 90,0% a 96,6% e das Morada Nova de 90,0% a 93,3%, não havendo diferença (P > 0,05) entre as raças no Semiárido. Na Zona da Mata, os estros das fêmeas Santa Inês foram de 100% e das Morada Nova variou de 93,3% a 100%, sem diferença (P > 0,05) entre as raças. As comparações entre regiões não evidenciaram diferença (P > 0,05) entre raças e dentro da mesma raça. No Semiárido, independente da raça, 167/180 (92,7%) das fêmeas evidenciaram estro em até 40 dias da estação de monta e a sincronização ocorreu em 55,0% das fêmeas Santa Inês e em 63,0% daquelas Morada Nova. Na Zona da Mata, sem também considerar a raça, 177/180 (98,3%) das fêmeas apresentaram estro no período de 40 dias e a sincronização ocorreu em 60,0% das fêmeas da raça Santa Inês e em 64,0% daquelas da raça Morada Nova. No Semiárido, a prenhez das fêmeas Santa Inês variou de 85,2% a 96,3% e naquelas Morada Nova, variaram de 85,7% a 92,8%, (P > 0,05). Na Zona da Mata, os percentuais variaram de 86,6% a 90,0% com as fêmeas da raça Santa Inês e entre 90,0% e 93,1% com aquelas da raça Morada Nova, não havendo diferença (P > 0,05) entre esses valores. No Semiárido, independente da raça, a prolificidade variou de 1,30 ± 0,45 a 1,35 ± 0,47 e na Zona da Mata de 1,35± 0,47 a 1,47 ± 0,48, não diferindo entre as raças dentro de uma mesma região e entre ambas as regiões. Conclui-se que o efeito macho associado à duração da estação de monta é eficiente para induzir e sincronizar o estro de fêmeas pluríparas cíclicas sem comprometer a prenhez e a prolificidade, permitindo ainda sugerir estação de monta de 35 dias em ambas as regiões.

The work was aimed to evaluate in the Semiárido and Zona da Mata regions the influence of male effect on estrous induction and synchronization, as well as pregnancy and prolificacy rates in nulliparous and pluriparous ewes of Santa Inês and Morada Nova breeds. Cycling females, were previously isolated from males for 30 days. The estrous was considered assynchronized whenit was detected up to day five after breeding season on set. In the first experiment, estrous were observed up to the 48th day of the breeding season in Santa Inês females and until the 54th day for Morada Nova females in Semiárido. In Zona da Mata, Santa Inês females displayed estrous until the 56th day, while Morada Nova females until the 46th day of the breeding season. In both Semiárido and Zona da Mata regions, most estrous were detected between the 11thand 15th day of the breeding season for Santa Inês and between 6thand 10th day for Morada Nova. In Semiárido, estrous synchronization in both breeds was observed in 10% of females. In Zona da Mata, only 10% of Santa Inês female and 15% of Morada Nova females had synchronized estrous (P > 0.05). In Semiárido, the total pregnancy on the first service was 45.00% and 52.94% on the second, since within the deliveries 85.18% were singletons and 14.81% were twins, with prolificacy of1.15±0.38.In Zona da Mata, total pregnancy was 42.50% for first, 64.70% on second service and total delivery was 86.20% of singletons, 12.06% of twin sand 3.33% of triplets with prolificacy of 1.15±0.31. Concluding that the male effect does not synchronize estrous of nulliparous ewes, but, induces and concentrates the majority of estrous within the first 15 days of the breeding season, and that the ovine species can be raised in both regions without any effect on reproductive efficiency. On the second experiment, the estrous of Santa Inês ewes varied from 90.0% to 96.6% and from 90.0% to 93.3% for Morada Nova, with no difference (P > 0.05) between breeds in Semiárido. In Zona da Mata, the estrous of Santa Inês ewe were from 100% and in Morada Nova varied from 93.3% to 100%, with no difference (P > 0.05) between breeds. The comparisons between regions did not show difference (P > 0.05) between breeds and within the same breed. In Semiárido, irrespectively of breed, 167/180 (92.7%) females displayed estrous until day 40 of the breeding season and synchronization in 55.0% of Santa Inês females and in 63.0% of Morada Nova females. In Zona da Mata, irrespectively of breed, 177/180 (98.3%) females showed estrous within 40 days and synchronization in 60.0% of Santa Inês females and in 64,0% of Morada Nova females. In Semiárido, pregnancy in Santa Inês females varied from 85.2% to 96.3% and within Morada Nova, varied from 85.7% to 92.8%, without difference (P > 0.05). In Zona da Mata, the percentages varied from 86.6% to 90.0% for Santa Inês females and within 90.0% to 93.1% for Morada Nova females, with no difference (P > 0.05) within these values. In Semiárido, irrespectively of breed, the prolificacy varied from 1.30 ± 0.45 to 1.35 ± 0.47 and in Zona da Mata of 1.35± 0.47 to 1.47 ± 0.48, did not differ between breeds in the same region and within regions. In conclusion, the male effect associated with breeding season duration is efficient to induce and synchronize estrous in cycling pluriparous females without affecting pregnancy and prolificacy, allowing the suggestion that breeding seasons of 35 days can be used in both regions.

A study of low power laser on the regenerative process of Girardia tigrina (Girard,1850) (Turbellaria; Tricladida; Dugesiidae)

The mechanism of regeneration does not start to restore the wound until its corresponding epimorphic phase. A bioestimulation of tissues and cells by laser radiation depends on the wavelength, on the dose, and on the intensity of the light. The goal of this work was to verify the effect of the low power laser at 660 nm on the regenerative process of Girardia tigrina. The specimens were maintained in the laboratory under a temperature ranging from 19° up to 24 °C for 21 days. The planarians were anesthetized by placing them on ice and then cut them with a scalpel. The three treatments were as following: animals individually irradiated with 14 sessions with 1 minute duration (treatment 1), 14 sessions with 3 minutes duration (treatment 2), and without irradiation (control). The planarians were amputated and divided in three study treatments: a control group (without radiation), and two other treatments: irradiated for 1 minute, and irradiated for 3 minutes. The animals were irradiated with diode laser (660 nm) with 3.3 ± 0.3 mW of power, using 0.94 mW.mm-2 power density for each irradiation procedure. During the experiment, 14 irradiation sessions were undertaken. The specimens were fixed in Bouin, and stained with hematoxyline and eosin. From observation and histological analysis, it was possible to assess the effects of interaction between laser and tissue. The head fragment after 1 minute of irradiation presented a better organized tissue scheme, when compared with the other treatments. Aspects of the body fragments submitted to 3 minutes of light treatment were very similar to fragments that had not been injured. It can be concluded that there are changes in the quality of regeneration when treated with low power laser under the conditions mentioned above.

O mecanismo de regeneração não restaura a ferida até sua fase epimórfica correspondente. A bioestimulação de tecidos e células por radiação laser depende do comprimento de onda, da dose e intensidade de luz. O objetivo deste trabalho foi verificar o efeito do laser de baixa potência (660 nm) no processo regenerativo de Girardia tigrina. Estes vermes têm uma elevada capacidade de regeneração. Os espécimes foram mantidos em laboratório sob uma temperatura de 19° a 24 °C por 21 dias. As planárias foram anestesiadas com gelo e amputadas com bisturi. Os 3 tratamentos foram compostos de: animais individualmente irradiados com 14 sessões de 1 minuto de duração (tratamento 1), com 14 sessões de três minutos de duração (tratamento 2) e não irradiados (controle). Elas foram irradiadas com laser diodo (660 nm) 3,3 ± 0,3 mW potência, usando 0.94 mW.mm-2 de densidade de potência para cada irradiação. Durante o experimento foram realizadas 14 sessões. Os espécimes foram fixados em Bouin e corados com hematoxilina e eosina. Com base nas observações e análise histológica, foi possível avaliar os efeitos da interação entre laser e tecido. O fragmento cabeça após 1 minuto de irradiação mostrou um tecido melhor organizado quando comparado com outros tratamentos. Os aspectos dos fragmentos corpo após 3 minutos de irradiação foram muito similares para os fragmentos que não sofreram injúria. Existem mudanças na qualidade de regeneração quando tratadas com laser nas condições acima mencionadas.

Bioestimulação em fêmeas ovinas submetidas à administração exógena de acetato de medroxiprogesterona ou progesterona de longa ação na pré-puberdade

Objetivou-se avaliar a resposta de fêmeas ovinas à administração exógena de acetato de medroxiprogesterona ou progesterona de longa ação associados à bioestimulação na pré-puberdade. Foram utilizados dois machos adultos Pool Dorset e 75 borregas sem raça definida com idade entre 154 e 218 dias, (média de 179 e erro padrão ± 1,20 dias) e peso entre 25,8 e 36,9kg (média de 30,0kg e erro padrão ± 0,124kg) no início do experimento que foram divididas equitativamente quanto ao peso, escore de condição corporal e índice de massa corpórea, em três grupos (grupo Bioestimulado, MAPesp e P4LA) de 25 animais. No grupo bioestimulado as fêmeas foram submetidas à bioestimulação por oito semanas, no grupo MAPesp as fêmeas foram submetidas por 12 dias a esponjas intravaginais impregnadas de medroxiprogesterona (60mg) e bioestimulação por oito semanas e no grupo P4LA as fêmeas foram submetidas à única aplicação de progesterona de longa ação (225mg) e bioestimulação por oito semanas. O experimento foi composto por 10 observações ao longo de 82 dias. Em 3 momentos experimentais foram realizadas coletas de sangue pareadas em sete dias para dosagem plasmática de progesterona. Em nove observações foram realizadas biometrias envolvendo aferições de peso, índice de massa corpórea e escore de condição corporal. Conclui-se que 93,3% das fêmeas dos três grupos iniciaram a ciclicidade no momento experimental 1 e a maioria, 92% das borregas, permaneceu ciclando após 63 dias da administração exógena de acetato de medroxiprogesterona ou progesterona de longa ação e bioestimulação pelos efeitos macho e fêmea

The aim of this study was to evaluate the answer of ewe lambs to exogenous administration of either medroxyprogesterone acetate or long action progesterone associated to bioestimulation in prepuberty. Two Pool Dorset adult males and 75 mixed-breed ewe lambs were used with the average age of 179 days and average weight of 30.0kg in the beginning of the experiment. The females were divided into three different groups (Group MAP, LAP4 and Bioestimulated) according to their bodyweight, body condition score (BCS) and body mass index (BMI). There were 25 animals in each group. In the MAP group the females were submitted to intravaginal sponges containing medroxyprogesterone acetate-MAP (60mg) for 12 days and were bioestimulated for eight weeks.In the LAP4 group the females were submitted to a single application of long action progesterone (225mg) and bioestimulation for eight weeks. And in the Bioestimulated group the females were submitted to bioestimulation for eight weeks. Animals were considered cycling when progesterone concentration reached ?1.0ng/mL in two consecutive samples taken 7days distant from one another in 3 experimental moments. After the treatments, 93.3% of the females disregarding their group began the cyclicit and most of them ( 92.0%),continued cyclic after 63 days of either MAP or long action progesterone and bioestimulation under both male and female effect

Influence of Male to Female Ratio on Hormone Profiles and Reproductive Performance of Anestrus Postpartum Ewes Subjected to the Male Effect

Background: Complete isolation of genders allows intense estrous induction and synchronization once rams are introduced in ewe flocks at the onset of the breeding season (BS). This management practice, defined as the male effect, results from a neuroendocrine process mediated by pheromones. The male effect is a straightforward procedure to induce estrous in noncycling ewes, but conditions for its use have not been fully explored. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate hormone levels and ovarian activity of postpartum ewes in anestrus which are subjected to the male effect under different male to female ratios.Material, Methods & Results: Pospartum females were selected according to body condition score and cyclicity status. Females were kept apart from males during 30 days at a distance of 10 m. Anestrus and ovulation were determined by P4 measures on days 10, 20 and 30 after isolation from males. After P4 concentration diagnosis, anestrus ewe (n = 99) were subjected to male to ewe ratios (MFR) of 1:20 (MFR20), 1:30 (MFR30) and 1:40 (MFR40). Santa Inês rams  (n = 3) of proven fertility were used. Three females of each group were randomly subjected to blood collection for LH concentration analysis. Ovarian activity was performed by ultrasonography after estrus manifestation in six ewe of each group. Estrus events were observed twice a day during the BS of 35 days, and estrus wer

Influence of Male to Female Ratio on Hormone Profiles and Reproductive Performance of Anestrus Postpartum Ewes Subjected to the Male Effect

Background: Complete isolation of genders allows intense estrous induction and synchronization once rams are introduced in ewe flocks at the onset of the breeding season (BS). This management practice, defined as the male effect, results from a neuroendocrine process mediated by pheromones. The male effect is a straightforward procedure to induce estrous in noncycling ewes, but conditions for its use have not been fully explored. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate hormone levels and ovarian activity of postpartum ewes in anestrus which are subjected to the male effect under different male to female ratios.Material, Methods & Results: Pospartum females were selected according to body condition score and cyclicity status. Females were kept apart from males during 30 days at a distance of 10 m. Anestrus and ovulation were determined by P4 measures on days 10, 20 and 30 after isolation from males. After P4 concentration diagnosis, anestrus ewe (n = 99) were subjected to male to ewe ratios (MFR) of 1:20 (MFR20), 1:30 (MFR30) and 1:40 (MFR40). Santa Inês rams  (n = 3) of proven fertility were used. Three females of each group were randomly subjected to blood collection for LH concentration analysis. Ovarian activity was performed by ultrasonography after estrus manifestation in six ewe of each group. Estrus events were observed twice a day during the BS of 35 days, and estrus wer

Influence of Male to Female Ratio on Hormone Profiles and Reproductive Performance of Anestrus Postpartum Ewes Subjected to the Male Effect

Background: Complete isolation of genders allows intense estrous induction and synchronization once rams are introduced in ewe flocks at the onset of the breeding season (BS). This management practice, defined as the male effect, results from a neuroendocrine process mediated by pheromones. The male effect is a straightforward procedure to induce estrous in noncycling ewes, but conditions for its use have not been fully explored. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate hormone levels and ovarian activity of postpartum ewes in anestrus which are subjected to the male effect under different male to female ratios.Material, Methods & Results: Pospartum females were selected according to body condition score and cyclicity status. Females were kept apart from males during 30 days at a distance of 10 m. Anestrus and ovulation were determined by P4 measures on days 10, 20 and 30 after isolation from males. After P4 concentration diagnosis, anestrus ewe (n = 99) were subjected to male to ewe ratios (MFR) of 1:20 (MFR20), 1:30 (MFR30) and 1:40 (MFR40). Santa Inês rams  (n = 3) of proven fertility were used. Three females of each group were randomly subjected to blood collection for LH concentration analysis. Ovarian activity was performed by ultrasonography after estrus manifestation in six ewe of each group. Estrus events were observed twice a day during the BS of 35 days, and estrus wer