Resumo
This study aimed to estimate the coefficients of repeatability (r), determination or degree of predictability (R2) of clones characteristics of wine grapes varities, and determine the number of measurements required, capable to provide levels of certainty (80, 90 and 95%) of the real prediction l value of individuals for each character. The study was conducted from average data of eight characteristics from two experiments on the behavior of clones from two grape varieties, evaluated between the years 1989 and 1992. Based on the average of two experiments of each harvest, it was obtained estimates of the repeatability coefficient () and the coefficient of determination or degree of predictability (R2) for all traits. In the estimation of the repeatability coefficient, the method of analysis of variance was used. Coefficient of repeatability obtained for the two varieties have values very similar magnitude. Repeatability estimates for the eight characteristics are superior to 0.60, demonstrating constancy of clones performance in several crops and reliable genotypic discrimination more than 80%. The use of three crops is suitable for the selection to be accomplished with predictability of the real value of above 80% genotype.(AU)
O presente trabalho teve por objetivo obter estimativas dos coeficientes de repetibilidade (r), determinação ou grau de previsibilidade (R2) de características de clones de variedades de uvas viníferas e determinar o número de medições necessárias, capaz de proporcionar níveis de certeza (80, 90 e 95%) da predição do valor real dos indivíduos para cada caráter. O trabalho foi realizado a partir de dados médios de oito características, provenientes de dois experimentos sobre o comportamento de clones de duas variedades viníferas, avaliados entre os anos de 1989 e 1992. Com base nas médias de cada colheita dos dois experimentos, obtiveram-se as estimativas do coeficiente de repetibilidade () e o coeficiente de determinação ou grau de previsibilidade (R2) de todas as características avaliadas. Na estimação do coeficiente de repetibilidade, foi utilizado o método da análise de variância. As estimativas dos coeficientes de repetibilidade obtidas para as duas variedades apresentam valores de magnitude muito semelhantes. As estimativas de repetibilidade, nas oito características, são superiores a 0,60, demonstrando regularidade do desempenho dos clones nas várias colheitas e confiabilidade na discriminação genotípica superior a 80%. O emprego de três colheitas é adequado para que a seleção seja praticada com previsibilidade do valor real do genótipo acima de 80%.(AU)
Assuntos
Vinho , VitisResumo
Current analysis characterizes the effect of different fungicides often applied for pest control on a-and b-esterase patterns of four economically important table-wine grape cultivars (Italia, Rubi, Benitaka and Brasil) of Vitis vinifera. The a- and b-esterase patterns in bud leaves of the cultivars were assessed by native PAGE analysis. Cabrio Top® compound inhibited Est-2, Est-5, Est-6, Est-7, Est-8, Est-9 and Est-10 carboxylesterases, whereas Est-4, Est-11, Est-12, Est-13, Est-14 acetylesterases and Est-16 carboxylesterase were detected as weakly stained bands. Carboxylesterases and acetylesterases were also detected as weakly stained bands when exposed to fungicides Orthocide 500®, Positron Duo® and Folicur PM®. No changes in a- and b-esterase patterns were reported when the vines were exposed to the fungicides Rovral SC®, Kumulus DF®, Curzate M®, Score® or Cuprogarb 500®. The evidence of functional changes in carboxylesterase and acetylesterase levels in current study is a warning to grape producers on the dangers inherent in the indiscriminate use of potent and modern fungicides extensively used in agriculture. The inhibition effect of fungicides on esterase isozyme molecules seems to be independent of the fungicide chemical.(AU)
O presente estudo caracterizou o efeito de diferentes fungicidas comumente aplicados como medidas de controle de pragas sobre padrões de - e -esterases de quatro importantes cultivares de uva de mesa (Itália, Rubi, Benitaka e Brasil) de Vitis vinifera. Os padrões de - e -esterases de brotos foliares das cultivares foram avaliados por PAGE. O composto Cabrio Top® inibiu as carboxilesterases EST-2, EST-5, EST-6, EST-7, EST-8, EST-9 e EST-10, enquanto as acetilesterases EST-4, EST-11, EST-12, EST-13, EST-14 e a carboxilesterase EST-16 foram detectadas como bandas fracamente coradas. As carboxilesterases e acetilesterases também foram detectadas como bandas fracamente coradas quando expostas aos fungicidas Orthocide 500®, Positron Duo® e Folicur PM®. Não foram observadas alterações nos padrões de - e -esterases quando as videiras foram expostas aos fungicidas Rovral SC®, Kumulus DF®, Curzate M®, Score® ou Cuprogarb 500®. A evidência de alterações em nível funcional em carboxilesterases e acetilesterases, apresentada neste estudo, pode servir como um alerta aos produtores de uva dos perigos inerentes ao uso indiscriminado de fungicidas potentes e modernos amplamente utilizados hoje na agricultura. O efeito dos fungicidas sobre as enzimas esterases parece ser independente do grupo químico ao qual pertence o fungicida.(AU)
Assuntos
Vitis/microbiologia , Vitis/química , Isoenzimas/administração & dosagem , EsterasesResumo
'Bordô' grapevines (Vitis labrusca) have great relevance to viticulture due to the quality they can impart to wines and juices. However, this cultivar has high variation in yield, ranging from 6 to 11 t ha-1. The use of clones with superior genetic potential related to scions currently marketed may increase crop profitability and revitalize its cultivation. The aim of this study was to evaluate the agronomical responses of twelve clones of the Bordô cultivar selected over a period of 15 years according to yield and quality. The vineyard was planted in 2008. Grape plants were grafted onto '1103 Paulsen' rootstock and trained on vertical shoot positioning. The agronomical evaluations, performed in the 2011, 2012 and 2013 seasons, covered the duration of their phenological cycles, shoot growth, yield per plant, estimated total yield and physicochemical characteristics. Differences were found between clones in terms of phenology, yield components, and berry composition. Clone 6 had the lowest yield, averaging 5.0 t ha-1 whereas clone 13 was the most productive with 14.9 t ha-1. Based on the most productive vineyards in the region (10.8 t ha-1), the adoption of more productive clones can generate an increase in yield of around 38 %.
Assuntos
Antocianinas , Clonagem Molecular , Qualidade dos Alimentos , Vitis/genéticaResumo
'Bordô' grapevines (Vitis labrusca) have great relevance to viticulture due to the quality they can impart to wines and juices. However, this cultivar has high variation in yield, ranging from 6 to 11 t ha-1. The use of clones with superior genetic potential related to scions currently marketed may increase crop profitability and revitalize its cultivation. The aim of this study was to evaluate the agronomical responses of twelve clones of the Bordô cultivar selected over a period of 15 years according to yield and quality. The vineyard was planted in 2008. Grape plants were grafted onto '1103 Paulsen' rootstock and trained on vertical shoot positioning. The agronomical evaluations, performed in the 2011, 2012 and 2013 seasons, covered the duration of their phenological cycles, shoot growth, yield per plant, estimated total yield and physicochemical characteristics. Differences were found between clones in terms of phenology, yield components, and berry composition. Clone 6 had the lowest yield, averaging 5.0 t ha-1 whereas clone 13 was the most productive with 14.9 t ha-1. Based on the most productive vineyards in the region (10.8 t ha-1), the adoption of more productive clones can generate an increase in yield of around 38 %.(AU)
Assuntos
Vitis/genética , Clonagem Molecular , Antocianinas , Qualidade dos AlimentosResumo
In Europe, many autochthonous grapevines (Vitis vinifera L.) are only cultivated at local scale, but play a very important economic role due to their strict relation with terroir and wine tipicity. In this study, it was pursued to evaluate the influence of several factors on performance of Moll, the main autochthonous white variety of Majorca, by means of the database coming from a clonal preselection. The effects of multiple virus infections, vintage and vineyard components were studied by univariate linear models and principal component analysis, starting from measurement of production and must quality parameters of several vines located in 14 vineyards belonging to two appellations during four consecutive years (2001-2004). Absence of multiple virus infections, double cordon system, high clay content and Useful Water Reserve in soils have enhanced vine production without inducing considerable alterations in sugar accumulation in berries and acidity. Moll variety presented great viticultural and oenological potentials. Fertile and deep soils should be preferred in order to maximize production. Also, the use of certified propagation material is strongly recommended. However, further investigations are required to optimize must quality by opportune managements. This study does not provide only essential information to improve Moll cultivation in Majorca, but it also represents a useful example to analyze grapevine varieties that are endemically infected by viruses. In fact, in such situations, it may be supposed an insidious interference by viruses on terroir and wine tipicity.(AU)
Assuntos
Vitis/classificação , Vírus/patogenicidade , Células ClonaisResumo
In Europe, many autochthonous grapevines (Vitis vinifera L.) are only cultivated at local scale, but play a very important economic role due to their strict relation with terroir and wine tipicity. In this study, it was pursued to evaluate the influence of several factors on performance of Moll, the main autochthonous white variety of Majorca, by means of the database coming from a clonal preselection. The effects of multiple virus infections, vintage and vineyard components were studied by univariate linear models and principal component analysis, starting from measurement of production and must quality parameters of several vines located in 14 vineyards belonging to two appellations during four consecutive years (2001-2004). Absence of multiple virus infections, double cordon system, high clay content and Useful Water Reserve in soils have enhanced vine production without inducing considerable alterations in sugar accumulation in berries and acidity. Moll variety presented great viticultural and oenological potentials. Fertile and deep soils should be preferred in order to maximize production. Also, the use of certified propagation material is strongly recommended. However, further investigations are required to optimize must quality by opportune managements. This study does not provide only essential information to improve Moll cultivation in Majorca, but it also represents a useful example to analyze grapevine varieties that are endemically infected by viruses. In fact, in such situations, it may be supposed an insidious interference by viruses on terroir and wine tipicity.
Assuntos
Vitis/classificação , Vírus/patogenicidade , Células ClonaisResumo
Bacterial canker caused by Xanthomonas campestris pv. viticola (Xcv) is the most important bacterial disease of grapevine in the region of Submédio São Francisco. The resistance of 20 grapevine clones, 13 scions and seven rootstocks, was evaluated in greenhouse. Plants were inoculated with suspension of the strain Xcv1 (A570 = 108CFU mL-1), incubated in greenhouse and daily evaluated for epidemiological components of bacterial canker: incubation period, incidence of leaves with symptoms, incidence of leaves with canker, disease severity, progress rate of disease incidence, and area under the disease severity progress curve. All clones were susceptible to the pathogen, although significantly differing among them (P=0.05) for most of all variables. Generally 'Brasil' showed the highest disease levels for all variables tested while 'Isabel' and 'Paulsen 1103' presented the highest values of incubation period and the lowest values of incidence of leaves with symptoms, with canker, disease severity, progress rate of disease incidence, and area under the disease severity progress curve, suggesting that these clones can be used in breeding and integrated management programs. The significant correlations (P=0.05) among variables indicated anyone could be used to analyze the reaction of grapevine clones to bacterial canker. Considering all the epidemiological components, the grouping according to the UPGMA method (unweighted par group method using arithmetic average) allowed the separation of scion and rootstock clones into three similarity groups each.
O cancro bacteriano, causado por Xanthomonas campestris pv. viticola (Xcv), é a doença bacteriana mais importante da videira na região do Submédio São Francisco. A reação de 20 clones de videira, sendo 13 de copa e sete de porta-enxerto, foi avaliada quanto à resistência ao patógeno, em casa de vegetação. As plantas foram inoculadas com a suspensão do isolado Xcv1 (A570=108UFC mL-1), incubadas em casa de vegetação e observadas diariamente quanto aos componentes epidemiológicos do cancro bacteriano: período de incubação, incidência de folhas com sintomas, incidência de folhas com cancro, severidade da doença, taxa de progresso da incidência da doença, área abaixo da curva de progresso da severidade da doença. Todos os clones foram suscetíveis ao patógeno, embora diferindo significativamente entre si (P=0,05) para a maioria das variáveis analisadas. Em geral, 'Brasil' apresentou os maiores níveis de doença para todas as variáveis testadas, enquanto'Isabel' e 'Paulsen 1103' destacaram-se ao propiciarem os maiores valores de período de incubação e os menores valores de incidência de folhas com sintomas, com cancros, severidade da doença, taxa de progresso de incidência da doença e área abaixo da curva de progresso da severidade da doença, indicando grande potencial de utilização em programas de melhoramento genético e manejo integrado. As correlações significativas (P=0,05) verificadas entre as variáveis estudadas indicam que qualquer delas pode ser utilizada em pesquisas envolvendo reação de clones ao cancro bacteriano da videira. Quando considerado o conjunto dos componentes epidemiológicos, o agrupamento pelo método UPGMA (agrupamento aos pares pela média aritmética não ponderada) permitiu a separação dos clones de copa e porta-enxerto em três grupos de similaridade cada.
Resumo
Bacterial canker caused by Xanthomonas campestris pv. viticola (Xcv) is the most important bacterial disease of grapevine in the region of Submédio São Francisco. The resistance of 20 grapevine clones, 13 scions and seven rootstocks, was evaluated in greenhouse. Plants were inoculated with suspension of the strain Xcv1 (A570 = 108CFU mL-1), incubated in greenhouse and daily evaluated for epidemiological components of bacterial canker: incubation period, incidence of leaves with symptoms, incidence of leaves with canker, disease severity, progress rate of disease incidence, and area under the disease severity progress curve. All clones were susceptible to the pathogen, although significantly differing among them (P=0.05) for most of all variables. Generally 'Brasil' showed the highest disease levels for all variables tested while 'Isabel' and 'Paulsen 1103' presented the highest values of incubation period and the lowest values of incidence of leaves with symptoms, with canker, disease severity, progress rate of disease incidence, and area under the disease severity progress curve, suggesting that these clones can be used in breeding and integrated management programs. The significant correlations (P=0.05) among variables indicated anyone could be used to analyze the reaction of grapevine clones to bacterial canker. Considering all the epidemiological components, the grouping according to the UPGMA method (unweighted par group method using arithmetic average) allowed the separation of scion and rootstock clones into three similarity groups each.
O cancro bacteriano, causado por Xanthomonas campestris pv. viticola (Xcv), é a doença bacteriana mais importante da videira na região do Submédio São Francisco. A reação de 20 clones de videira, sendo 13 de copa e sete de porta-enxerto, foi avaliada quanto à resistência ao patógeno, em casa de vegetação. As plantas foram inoculadas com a suspensão do isolado Xcv1 (A570=108UFC mL-1), incubadas em casa de vegetação e observadas diariamente quanto aos componentes epidemiológicos do cancro bacteriano: período de incubação, incidência de folhas com sintomas, incidência de folhas com cancro, severidade da doença, taxa de progresso da incidência da doença, área abaixo da curva de progresso da severidade da doença. Todos os clones foram suscetíveis ao patógeno, embora diferindo significativamente entre si (P=0,05) para a maioria das variáveis analisadas. Em geral, 'Brasil' apresentou os maiores níveis de doença para todas as variáveis testadas, enquanto'Isabel' e 'Paulsen 1103' destacaram-se ao propiciarem os maiores valores de período de incubação e os menores valores de incidência de folhas com sintomas, com cancros, severidade da doença, taxa de progresso de incidência da doença e área abaixo da curva de progresso da severidade da doença, indicando grande potencial de utilização em programas de melhoramento genético e manejo integrado. As correlações significativas (P=0,05) verificadas entre as variáveis estudadas indicam que qualquer delas pode ser utilizada em pesquisas envolvendo reação de clones ao cancro bacteriano da videira. Quando considerado o conjunto dos componentes epidemiológicos, o agrupamento pelo método UPGMA (agrupamento aos pares pela média aritmética não ponderada) permitiu a separação dos clones de copa e porta-enxerto em três grupos de similaridade cada.