Type III atresia coli with underdeveloped colon and hydroperitoneum in a newborn foal / Atresia coli tipo III com subdesenvolvimento de cólon e hidroperitôneo em neonato equino

A 48-hour-old mixed breed pony colt was referred to the hospital because of abdominal discomfort, weak suckling reflex and prostration. During clinical investigation, supportive and symptomatic treatments were necessary, and an abdominal radiography was performed revealing a large intestine filled with feces and large amounts of gas, in addition to free fluid in the cavity. After 3 days of treatment, the foal had not yet defecated, thus exploratory abdominal surgery was indicated, but the owners declined. Therefore, the foal was humanly euthanized. Post-mortem examination revealed complete absence of the pelvic flexure. Subsequent portions of the dorsal, transverse and small colons were intensely reduced. In addition, at the abdominal cavity there was 850 ml of yellowish translucent liquid. These findings are compatible with hydroperitoneum and type III atresia coli at the pelvic flexure, associated with underdevelopment of the dorsal, transverse and small colons.(AU)

Um pônei mestiço de 48 horas de vida foi encaminhado ao hospital para avaliação por desconforto abdominal, diminuição do reflexo de sucção e prostração. Durante a investigação clínica, tratamentos de suporte e sintomáticos foram necessários, e radiografia abdominal foi realizada revelando cólon maior repleto de fezes e grandes quantidades de gás, além de fluido livre na cavidade. Após três dias de tratamento, o potro ainda não havia defecado, sendo a laparotomia exploratória indicada, mas os proprietários recusaram. Portanto, o potro foi humanamente eutanasiado. O exame post-mortem revelou ausência completa da flexura pélvica. Porções subseqüentes dos cólons dorsal, cólon transverso e cólon menor se apresentaram intensamente reduzidas. Além disso, na cavidade abdominal havia 850 ml de líquido translúcido amarelado. Esses achados são compatíveis com o hidroperitônio e a atresia coli tipo III na flexura pélvica, associados ao subdesenvolvimento dos cólons dorsal, transverso e menor.(AU)

Paravertebral cervical block for osteosynthesis of humeral fracture in foal / Bloqueio paravertebral cervical para realização de ostessíntese de fratura de úmero em potro

A modified cervical paravertebral block of the brachial plexus was performed with the aid of a nerve stimulator for osteosynthesis with four intramedullary pins in a 5-month-old colt weighing 180 kg diagnosed with a closed, complete, and oblique humerus fracture. Xylazine 2% (0.5 mg kg-1 IV) was administered as the pre-anesthetic medication. Anesthesia was induced with ketamine 10% (2 mg kg-1 IV) and midazolam 0.5% (5 mg kg-1 IV) and maintained with isoflurane. The animal was on mechanical ventilation. The nerve block was induced with administration of ropivacaine 0.75% in the ventral branches of C6 (intervertebral space C5–C6) and C7 (intervertebral space C6–C7) and in the branches of C8 and T1 at their convergence at the cranial margin of the first rib. During the 130-min duration of the surgery, no analgesic rescue was required. In conclusion, this blockade can be performed safely and promotes numbness of the humeral and olecranon regions.

Realizou-se o bloqueio paravertebral cervical modicado do plexo braquial, com auxílio de estimulador de nervos, para execução de osteossíntese com quatro pinos intramedulares, em potro de 5 meses, com 180 kg, diagnosticado com fratura fechada, completa e oblíqua de úmero. O animal foi submetido a anestesia com medicação pré-anestésica, xilazina 2% (0,5 mg kg-1 IV) e indução anestésica com cetamina 10% (2 mg kg-1 IV) associada ao midazolam 0,5% (0,5 mg kg-1 IV). A manutenção anestésica foi feita com isoflurano, sendo sempre mantido em ventilação mecânica. O bloqueio foi feito com ropivacaína 0,75% nos ramos ventrais de C6 (espaço intervertebral C5 – C6), C7 (espaço intervertebral C6 – C7) e nos ramos de C8 e T1 em sua convergência na margem cranial da primeira costela. Durante os 130 minutos de duração da cirurgia, não foi necessário qualquer resgate analgésico. Conclui-se que esse bloqueio foi realizado de forma segura e promoveu insensibilidade da região de úmero e olecrano.

Laceração perineal de 3° grau em égua Quarto de Milha / 3° grade Perineal laceration in mare Quarter horse

The present report describes the occurrence of a third degree perineal laceration of a Quarter Horsemare and the clinical and surgical measures addressed. During the anamnesis it was reported that the femalepresented a dystocic birth with obstetric maneuvers for the removal of a dead colt from the handler. Areproductive clinical examination revealed third degree perineal laceration compromising mucosa of the vulva,vestibule and vagina with presence of hemorrhage, small amount purulent exudate, pnemovagina and presenceof a rectovaginal communication orifice with fecal contamination. The surgical treatment approached wasvulvoplasty for plastic recovery of the vulva, perineum and rectum allied to the use of antibiotic therapy, antiinflammatory,cleaning of the lesion and adequate diet. The treatment used was successful, associated withveterinary monitoring during the pre, trans and postoperative period, thus minimizing the risks of compromisingthe mare's reproductive efficiency.(AU)

Laceração perineal de 3° grau em égua Quarto de Milha / 3° grade Perineal laceration in mare Quarter horse

The present report describes the occurrence of a third degree perineal laceration of a Quarter Horsemare and the clinical and surgical measures addressed. During the anamnesis it was reported that the femalepresented a dystocic birth with obstetric maneuvers for the removal of a dead colt from the handler. Areproductive clinical examination revealed third degree perineal laceration compromising mucosa of the vulva,vestibule and vagina with presence of hemorrhage, small amount purulent exudate, pnemovagina and presenceof a rectovaginal communication orifice with fecal contamination. The surgical treatment approached wasvulvoplasty for plastic recovery of the vulva, perineum and rectum allied to the use of antibiotic therapy, antiinflammatory,cleaning of the lesion and adequate diet. The treatment used was successful, associated withveterinary monitoring during the pre, trans and postoperative period, thus minimizing the risks of compromisingthe mare's reproductive efficiency.

Congenital Cerebellar Vermis Aplasia Associated with Hydrocephalus in a Foal

A 2-day-old Mangalarga Marchador colt was presented with clinical signs of severe mental depression, unable to stand, and lacking a suckling reflex. Despite intensive medical care, there was no improvement and the colt died 30 hours later. Gross lesions were characterized by aplasia of the cerebellar vermis, cystic dilatation of the fourth ventricle, communicant hydrocephalus involving all ventricles and villous hyperplasia of the choroid plexus in the fourth ventricle. The cerebral parenchyma adjacent to lateral ventricles was markedly reduced. In addition, there was aspiration pneumonia. Aplasia of the cerebellar vermis and cystic dilatation of the fourth ventricle could be compared to the Dandy-Walker-syndrome (DWS). Nevertheless, congenital cerebellar anomalies combined with villous hyperplasia of the choroid plexus in the fourth ventricle and hydrocephalus are describing for the first time in animals, alerting clinicians and pathologists for future investigations about the incidence and etiology of the condition.

Congenital Cerebellar Vermis Aplasia Associated with Hydrocephalus in a Foal

A 2-day-old Mangalarga Marchador colt was presented with clinical signs of severe mental depression, unable to stand, and lacking a suckling reflex. Despite intensive medical care, there was no improvement and the colt died 30 hours later. Gross lesions were characterized by aplasia of the cerebellar vermis, cystic dilatation of the fourth ventricle, communicant hydrocephalus involving all ventricles and villous hyperplasia of the choroid plexus in the fourth ventricle. The cerebral parenchyma adjacent to lateral ventricles was markedly reduced. In addition, there was aspiration pneumonia. Aplasia of the cerebellar vermis and cystic dilatation of the fourth ventricle could be compared to the Dandy-Walker-syndrome (DWS). Nevertheless, congenital cerebellar anomalies combined with villous hyperplasia of the choroid plexus in the fourth ventricle and hydrocephalus are describing for the first time in animals, alerting clinicians and pathologists for future investigations about the incidence and etiology of the condition.(AU)

Extrato bruto de inhame nas dietas para tambaqui (Colossoma macropomum)

Foram executados dois ensaios: in vitro e in vivo. No primeiro ensaio, objetivou-se avaliar o crescimento bacteriano in vitro com extrato bruto de inhame (EBI), em diferentes concentrações como potencial prebiótico. Dessa forma, utilizou-se o isolado de Lactobacillus spp., derivado de leite caprino e foi realizada a densidade óptica da suspensão celular, em seguida foram adicionadas diferentes concentrações (0, 2, 4, 6 e 8%), de EBI ao inóculo, incubou-se a 37 C por 48 horas. Após o crescimento, realizou-se diluições seriadas, utilizou-se aliquotas de 0,1 mL das diluições de 10-4 a 10-6, semeadas no meio de cultura MRS ágar pelo método de plaqueamento em superfície, incubadas a 37 C por 48 horas, posteriormente foram contadas as unidades formadoras de colônia. No segundo ensaio, avaliou-se in vivo o efeito das diferentes concentrações (0, 20, 40, 60 e 80 g.kg-¹) do EBI nas dietas para juvenis de tambaqui (Colossoma macropomum). Foram avaliados o desempenho produtivo, as respostas metabólicas, as atividades enzimáticas, produção de lactato no intestino e os índices hematológicos. A dieta foi ofertada duas vezes ao dia (8 e 16h) ad libitum, durante os 60 dias de experimento. Foram utilizados 70 animais em delineamento inteiramente casualizado (DIC), com cinco tratamentos e 14 repetições. Os tratamentos foram denominados como: I 0, I 20, I 40, I 60, I 80, correspondentes aos diferentes niveis de inclusão de EBI nas dietas experimentais. Os animais foram identificados com abraçadeira de nylon com cores diferentes e distribuídos em duas caixas dágua para cada tratamento (sete juvenis/caixa), com peso inicial de 55g±1,54g. Cada peixe correspondia a uma unidade experimental. As 10 caixas de polietileno possuíam capacidade de 500 litros, instaladas em um sistema de recirculação de água com uso de biofiltro e com aeração constante. No desempenho produtivo foram avaliados: Peso médio inicial (PI), Ganho de peso aos 30 dias (GP30), Ganho de peso final (GP60), Ganho de peso relativo (GPR), Comprimento Total (CT), Taxa de Crescimento Específico (TCE), Fator de Condição (FC), Consumo de ração aparente (CRA) e Conversão alimentar aparente (CAA). Os metabólitos analisados foram a Glicemia (GLI), Triglicerídeos (TRI), Proteínas totais (PROT), Colesterol (COLT), atividade da Lisozima (LISO), Glicogênio hepático (GLIH). Foram mensuradas as atividades da Amilase (AMI), Lipase (LIP), Protease alcalina inespecífica (PTAS) e aspartato aminotransferase (AST). Foram coletadas amostras dos intestinos para analisar o Lactato enzimático (LAC). Foram realizadas coletas de amostras sanguíneas para determinação hemoglobina, hematócrito, número de eritrócitos, volume corpuscular médio, hemoglobina corpuscular média, concentração de hemoglobina corpuscular média, trombóticos totais, leucócitos totais e proporções relativas de leucócitos entre os diferentes tratamentos. Os dados obtidos foram submetidos à análise de variância em nível de 5% de probabilidade e regressão. No ensaio in vitro não foram observadas diferenças significativas (p>0,05) no crescimento bacteriano. No ensaio in vivo os diferentes níveis de inclusão do EBI nas dietas apresentaram efeito significativo (p<0,05), sobre as variáveis de desempenho: GP30, GP60, GPR, CT, TCE, FC. Para as respostas metabólicas verificou-se um efeito significativo (p<0,05), apenas para COLT, LISO e GLIH. Não houve efeito significativo para a AST (p>0,05). O LAC apresentou efeito significativo (p<0,05). Os parâmetros hematológicos não apresentaram efeito significativos (p>0,05). As atividades das enzimas digestivas, somente LIP e PTAS foram significativas (p<0,05). Portanto, pode se inferir que a suplementação do EBI em até 80 g.kg-¹ nas dietas pode ser utilizada e não ocasiona danos a espécie em estudo.

Two tests were performed: in vitro and in vivo. In the first trial, the objective was to evaluate bacterial growth in vitro with crude yam extract (CYE), in different concentrations as a prebiotic potential. Thus, used or isolated from Lactobacillus spp., Derived from goat's milk and an optical density of cell suspension was performed, then different variables (0, 2, 4, 6 and 8%), from CYE were added to the inoculum, incubate at 37 °C for 48 hours. After growth, performed if serial dilutions, use 0.1 mL aliquots of the 10-4 to 10-6 dilutions, sown in the MRS culture medium, according to the surface coating method, incubated at 37 °C for 48 hours later were counted as colony forming units. In the second trial, the effect of different concentrations (0, 20, 40, 60 and 80 g.kg-¹) of CYE in the diets for tambaqui juveniles (Colossoma macropomum) was evaluated in vivo. Productive performance, metabolic responses, enzyme activities, lactate production in the intestine and hematological indexes were evaluated. The diet was offered twice a day (8 am and 4 pm) ad libitum, during the 60 days of the experiment. 70 animals were used in a completely randomized design, with five treatments and 14 repetitions. The treatments were called: I 0, I 20, I 40, I 60, I 80, corresponding to the different levels of inclusion of CYE in the experimental diets. The animals were identified with nylon clamps with different colors and distributed in two water boxes for each treatment (seven juveniles / box), with an initial weight of 55g ± 1.54g. Each fish corresponded to an experimental unit. The 10 polyethylene boxes had a capacity of 500 liters, installed in a water recirculation system using biofilter and with constant aeration. In terms of productive performance, the following were evaluated: Initial average weight (IW), Weight gain at 30 days (WG30), Final weight gain (WG60), Relative weight gain (RWG), Total length (TL), Specific growth rate (SGR), Condition factor (CF), Apparent feed consumption (CRA) and Apparent Feed Conversion (AFC). The metabolites analyzed were Glycemia (GLY), Triglycerides (TRI), Total Proteins (PROT), Cholesterol (CHOL), Lysozyme activity (LYSO), Hepatic glycogen (HGLI). The activities of Amylase (AMY), Lipase (LIP), nonspecific alkaline protease (NAP) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) were measured. Intestinal samples were collected to analyze enzymatic lactate (LAC). Blood samples were collected to determine hemoglobin, hematocrit, number of erythrocytes, average corpuscular volume, average corpuscular hemoglobin, average corpuscular hemoglobin concentration, total thrombotics, total leukocytes and relative leukocyte proportions between different treatments. The data obtained were subjected to analysis of variance at the level of 5% probability and regression. In the in vitro test, no significant differences (p>0.05) were observed in bacterial growth. In the in vivo test, the different levels of inclusion of CYE in the diets showed a significant effect (p<0.05), on the performance variables: WG30, WG60, RWG, TL, SGR, CF. For metabolic responses, there was a significant effect (p<0.05), only for CHOL, LYSO and HGLI. There was no significant effect for AST (p>0.05). LAC had a significant effect (p<0.05). The hematological parameters had no significant effect (p>0.05). Digestive enzyme activities, only LIP and NAS, were significant (p<0.05). Therefore, it can be inferred that the inclusion of CYE in up to 80 g.kg-¹ in the diets can be used and does not cause damage to the species under study.

Laparoscopic-assisted approach to the pelvic flexure for surgical treatment of sand impaction in a horse

Background: Laparoscopy provides good visualization of horses abdominal cavity, besides providing minimal invasiveness and meticulous manipulation intra-abdominal organs. Laparoscopy is suitable for both diagnosing and treating acute abdomen in horses. The purpose of this study was to report a successful case of laparoscopic-assisted surgery for treating sand impaction in a horse.Case: A 3-year-old horse, weighing 460 kg, was admitted following chronic intermittent episodes of diarrhea and colic. Physical exam revealed mild abdominal pain and liquid/pasty diarrhea. There was negative survey of gastrointestinal helminthes and microbiological analyses. Fecal sedimentation test revealed sand impaction. Surgical approach was opted for both accomplishment of the abdominal exploration and resolution of the impactation. The patient was anesthetized and positioned in dorsal recumbency. Laparoscopy was performed through an 11-mm trocar placed right cranially to the umbilicus. There were no apparent adhesions, bowel inflammation nor visceral displacement. A 15-cm celiotomy was carried out caudally to the umbilicus, under laparoscopic guidance, for initial inspection of the gastrointestinal tract. Incision enlargement was required for exteriorizing the pelvic flexure. Afterwards, enterotomy was carried out for drainage of the impactating content, followed by enterorraphy. The pelvic flex...(AU)

Laparoscopic-assisted approach to the pelvic flexure for surgical treatment of sand impaction in a horse

Background: Laparoscopy provides good visualization of horses abdominal cavity, besides providing minimal invasiveness and meticulous manipulation intra-abdominal organs. Laparoscopy is suitable for both diagnosing and treating acute abdomen in horses. The purpose of this study was to report a successful case of laparoscopic-assisted surgery for treating sand impaction in a horse.Case: A 3-year-old horse, weighing 460 kg, was admitted following chronic intermittent episodes of diarrhea and colic. Physical exam revealed mild abdominal pain and liquid/pasty diarrhea. There was negative survey of gastrointestinal helminthes and microbiological analyses. Fecal sedimentation test revealed sand impaction. Surgical approach was opted for both accomplishment of the abdominal exploration and resolution of the impactation. The patient was anesthetized and positioned in dorsal recumbency. Laparoscopy was performed through an 11-mm trocar placed right cranially to the umbilicus. There were no apparent adhesions, bowel inflammation nor visceral displacement. A 15-cm celiotomy was carried out caudally to the umbilicus, under laparoscopic guidance, for initial inspection of the gastrointestinal tract. Incision enlargement was required for exteriorizing the pelvic flexure. Afterwards, enterotomy was carried out for drainage of the impactating content, followed by enterorraphy. The pelvic flex...

QUALIDADE DO LEITE DE ÉGUAS DA RAÇA QUARTO DE MILHA

O Brasil possui o maior rebanho de equinos da América Latina e o terceiro mundial. Objetivou-se avaliar a composição química do leite de 0 a acima de 120 dias de lactação, determinar a composição centesimal, o perfil de aminoácidos, ácidos graxos presentes no leite e realizar microscopia eletrônica de varredura no leite de éguas da raça Quarto de Milha em diferentes intervalos de lactação. A pesquisa foi realizada em uma propriedade rural localizada no município de Jataí - GO. Foi avaliado a composição do leite de égua nas primeiras cinco semanas de lactação, e foram distribuídos nos seguintes intervalos de lactação: 1 a 7 (16 amostras), 8 a 14 (25 amostras), 15 a 21 (37 amostras), 22 a 28 (38 amostras) e 29 a 35 (33 amostras). E também avaliou-se a lactação acima de 120 dias, foram divididos em intervalos de lactação 0 a 40 (164 amostras); 41 a 80 (245 amostras); 81 a 120 (129 amostras) e acima de 121 (137 amostras) dias de lactação. As amostras de leite foram coletadas em frascos estéreis de polietileno contendo conservante Bronopol® para análise da composição centesimal e contagem de células somáticas. Para análises de perfil de aminoácidos, ácido graxo e MEV, as amostras foram coletadas em frascos de vidro de capacidade de 1 litro. Após a apartação do potro por duas horas, no momento da ordenha os mesmos foram levados até a égua para estimular a descida do leite. O experimento foi realizado em delineamento inteiramente ao acaso, para análises dos dados realizou-se teste de Tukey com probabilidade de 5% usando o software Sisvar. Apenas a CCS nos intervalos de 1 a dias 35 dias não diferiu, os demais componentes diferiram ao longo da lactação. Dos aminoácidos a taurina não foi detectada no leite de égua Quarto de Milha, os que apresentaram maior porcentagem foram prolina, leucina, lisina, ácido aspártico e ácido glutâmico. Os dias de lactação não influenciaram os ácidos graxos miristoleico, pentadecanoico e o margárico. Os principais constituintes do leite de égua Quarto de Milha.

Brazil has the largest herd of horses in Latin America and the third largest in the world. The objective of this study was to evaluate the chemical composition of milk from 0 to over 120 days of lactation, to determine the centesimal composition, the amino acid profile, fatty acids present in the milk and to perform scanning electron microscopy in the milk of Quarter Mare mares in Different lactation intervals. The research was carried out in a rural property located in the municipality of Jataí - GO. The composition of mare's milk in the first five weeks of lactation was evaluated, where they were distributed in the following lactation intervals: 1 to 7 (16 samples), 8 to 14 (25 samples), 15 to 21 (37 samples), 22 a 28 (38 samples) and 29 to 35 (33 samples). Also, there were evaluated lactation up to 120 days of lactation, where they were divided into lactation intervals 0 to 40 (164 samples); 41 to 80 (245 samples); 81 to 120 (129 samples) and above 121 (137 samples) lactation days. The milk samples were collected in sterile polyethylene bottles containing Bronopol® preservative for analysis of the centesimal composition and counting of somatic cells. For analysis of amino acid, fatty acid and SEM profiles, the samples were collected in glass bottles of 1 liter capacity. After the colt was removed for two hours, at the time of milking, they were taken to the mare to stimulate the descent of the milk. The experiment was carried out in a completely randomized design, for analysis of the data, a Tukey test with 5% probability was performed using the Sisvar software. Only SCC at intervals of 1 to 35 days did not differ, the other components differed throughout lactation. From amino acids the taurine was not detected in Quarter Horse mare milk, the ones with the highest percentage were proline, leucine, lysine, aspartic acid and glutamic acid. The days of lactation did not influence the myristoleic, pentadecanoic and margaric fatty acids that are the main constituents of milk Quarter Horse

Uroperitônio em três potros Puro Sangue de corrida / Uroperitoneum in three Thoroughbred toets / Uroperitoneo en tres potros Pura Sangre de Carrera

São descritos três casos de uroperitônio em duas potrancas e um potro Puro Sangue de Corrida de 12, 20 e 8 dias de idade, respectivamente. Os animais apresentavam sinais de dor abdominal leve à moderada, taquipneia,taquicardia, distensão abdominal e disúria. O diagnóstico de uroperitônio foi realizado por meio de ultrassonografia transabdominal onde se observou a presença de imagens ecográficas sugestivas de alças intestinais flutuando em grande quantidade de líquido hipoecoico; e confirmado pela relação creatinina do líquido abdominal: creatininas é rica acima de dois. Primeiramente os potros foram submetidos à fluido terapia intravenosa associada à drenagem progressiva do líquido peritoneal para posterior celiotomia exploratória com o objetivo de localizar e reparar a lesão.Na potranca de 20 dias e no potro de 8 dias foi identificada uma ruptura de úraco. Na potranca de 12 dias, foi constatado um defeito congênito na parede dorsal da bexiga que foi reparado após leve debridamento dos bordos da lesão. Nos três casos foi efetuada a ressecção do úraco, veia e artérias umbilicais e posterior cistorrexia. Os animais de 20, 8 e 12 dias de idade apresentaram uma melhora rápida e sem complicações após a correção cirúrgica,recebendo alta aos nove, sete e 23 dias após a intervenção, respectivamente.

Three cases of uroperitoneum in Thorough bred foals, two females and one male, are described in the present study. The animais showed clinical sings of mild to moderate abdominal pain, tachycardia, tachypnea,abdominal distention and straining to urinate. The diagnosis of uroperitoneum was made by transabdominal ultrasound examination and confirmed by the ratio of [abdominal fluid creatinine] : [serum creatinine] greater than two. Initially the foals were treated with intravenous fluid therapy associated with progressive drainage of peritoneal fluid forsubsequent exploratory laparotomy in order to identify and repair the lesion. A ruptured urachus was identified in the20-day-old filly and in the 8-day-old colt. The 12-day-old filly had a congenital defect in the dorsal aspect of thebladder; this defect was repaired after debridement of the lesion edges. The resection of urachus, umbilical vein andarteries was pertormed in ali three cases followed by cistorrhaphy. The outcome was good without complications aftersurgical correction; the 20-day old filly , 8-day-old colt and the 12-day-old filly were discharged at 9,7 and 23 daysafter surgery, respectively.

Tres casos de uroperitoneo son descriptos, respectivamente, en dos potrancas y un potro Pura Sangrede Carrera de 12, 20 Y 8 días de edad. Los animales presentaban senales de dolor abdominal discreta a moderada,taquipnea, taquicardia, distensión abdominal y disuria. EI diagnóstico de uroperitoneo fue realizado por medio de ultrasonografía transabdominal, donde fueron observadas vueltas intestinales fluctuando en gran cantidad de líquido hipoecogénico; fue confirmado por Ia relación creatinina dei líquido abdominal: creatinina sé rica arriba de 2. Primeramente los productos fueron sometidos a Ia fluidoterápia intravenosa asociada a un drenaje progresivo deilíquido peritoneal para una posterior quirurgia abdominal exploratoria con el objetivo de localizar y reparar Ia lesión.En Ia potranca de 20 días y en el potro de 8 días fue identificada una ruptura de uraco. En Ia potranca de 12 días fue constatada una alteración congénita en Ia pared vesical dorsal que fue reparada después de un desbridamiento delos bordos de Ia lesión. En los 3 casos fue efectuada Ia resección dei uraco, de Ias venas y arterias umbilicales e unaposterior cistorrafia. Los 3 animales de 20, 8 Y 12 días de edad presentaron una rápida mejora sin complicaciones después de Ia corrección quirúrgica, y recibieron alta 9, 7 Y 23 días después.

Uroperitônio em três potros Puro Sangue de corrida / Uroperitoneum in three Thoroughbred toets / Uroperitoneo en tres potros Pura Sangre de Carrera

São descritos três casos de uroperitônio em duas potrancas e um potro Puro Sangue de Corrida de 12, 20 e 8 dias de idade, respectivamente. Os animais apresentavam sinais de dor abdominal leve à moderada, taquipneia,taquicardia, distensão abdominal e disúria. O diagnóstico de uroperitônio foi realizado por meio de ultrassonografia transabdominal onde se observou a presença de imagens ecográficas sugestivas de alças intestinais flutuando em grande quantidade de líquido hipoecoico; e confirmado pela relação creatinina do líquido abdominal: creatininas é rica acima de dois. Primeiramente os potros foram submetidos à fluido terapia intravenosa associada à drenagem progressiva do líquido peritoneal para posterior celiotomia exploratória com o objetivo de localizar e reparar a lesão.Na potranca de 20 dias e no potro de 8 dias foi identificada uma ruptura de úraco. Na potranca de 12 dias, foi constatado um defeito congênito na parede dorsal da bexiga que foi reparado após leve debridamento dos bordos da lesão. Nos três casos foi efetuada a ressecção do úraco, veia e artérias umbilicais e posterior cistorrexia. Os animais de 20, 8 e 12 dias de idade apresentaram uma melhora rápida e sem complicações após a correção cirúrgica,recebendo alta aos nove, sete e 23 dias após a intervenção, respectivamente.(AU)

Three cases of uroperitoneum in Thorough bred foals, two females and one male, are described in the present study. The animais showed clinical sings of mild to moderate abdominal pain, tachycardia, tachypnea,abdominal distention and straining to urinate. The diagnosis of uroperitoneum was made by transabdominal ultrasound examination and confirmed by the ratio of [abdominal fluid creatinine] : [serum creatinine] greater than two. Initially the foals were treated with intravenous fluid therapy associated with progressive drainage of peritoneal fluid forsubsequent exploratory laparotomy in order to identify and repair the lesion. A ruptured urachus was identified in the20-day-old filly and in the 8-day-old colt. The 12-day-old filly had a congenital defect in the dorsal aspect of thebladder; this defect was repaired after debridement of the lesion edges. The resection of urachus, umbilical vein andarteries was pertormed in ali three cases followed by cistorrhaphy. The outcome was good without complications aftersurgical correction; the 20-day old filly , 8-day-old colt and the 12-day-old filly were discharged at 9,7 and 23 daysafter surgery, respectively.(AU)

Tres casos de uroperitoneo son descriptos, respectivamente, en dos potrancas y un potro Pura Sangrede Carrera de 12, 20 Y 8 días de edad. Los animales presentaban senales de dolor abdominal discreta a moderada,taquipnea, taquicardia, distensión abdominal y disuria. EI diagnóstico de uroperitoneo fue realizado por medio de ultrasonografía transabdominal, donde fueron observadas vueltas intestinales fluctuando en gran cantidad de líquido hipoecogénico; fue confirmado por Ia relación creatinina dei líquido abdominal: creatinina sé rica arriba de 2. Primeramente los productos fueron sometidos a Ia fluidoterápia intravenosa asociada a un drenaje progresivo deilíquido peritoneal para una posterior quirurgia abdominal exploratoria con el objetivo de localizar y reparar Ia lesión.En Ia potranca de 20 días y en el potro de 8 días fue identificada una ruptura de uraco. En Ia potranca de 12 días fue constatada una alteración congénita en Ia pared vesical dorsal que fue reparada después de un desbridamiento delos bordos de Ia lesión. En los 3 casos fue efectuada Ia resección dei uraco, de Ias venas y arterias umbilicales e unaposterior cistorrafia. Los 3 animales de 20, 8 Y 12 días de edad presentaron una rápida mejora sin complicaciones después de Ia corrección quirúrgica, y recibieron alta 9, 7 Y 23 días después.(AU)

Fistulae and other congenital anomalies of the urinary and digestive tract in a colt / Fístulas e outras anomalias congênitas dos tratos digestivo e urinário em um potro

A three month-old Mangalarga Marchador colt, that eliminated urine in jets through the penian urethra, anus and through four fistulae in the perianal area. Post-mortem examination revealed that the fistulae communicated the pelvic urethra and the bladder to the rectum and the rectum and the pelvic urethra to the perianal area. Additionally, there were cecorectal fistula, persistence of the urachus and dilatation of the pelvic urethra, with a ventral blind sack. The bladder was filled with caseous exudate and feces and showed adherences with the peritonium, ileum and cecum, as well as with the muscles of the abdominal wall. This malformation type still had not been described in equine in Brazil.(AU)

Descrevem-se fístulas uretrorretal, vesicorretal, uretroperianal, retoperianal e cecorretal congênitas em um potro de três meses que eliminava urina em jatos pela uretra peniana, pelo ânus e pelas quatro fístulas. À necropsia, a bexiga encontrava-se aderida ao peritônio, ao íleo, ao ceco e à musculatura da parede abdominal e estava repleta de fezes e exsudato caseoso. Adicionalmente, observaram-se persistência do úraco, uretrite supurativa e dilatação da uretra pélvica, com formação de saco cego ventral. Este tipo de malformação ainda não havia sido descrito em eqüinos no Brasil. (AU)

A case of mastitis, caused by the CORYNEBACTERIUM EQUI, in a mare / Mastite em égua, causada pelo Corynebacterium equi

A case of mastitis in a mare os described, whose etiological agent has been identified as being Corynebacterium equi. According to the consulted literature, this localization is exceptional, because usually the germ is responsable for colt pneumonias and infections of lymph nodes in pigs. After presentation of laboratory tests, discussion of the case is presented, attention being called to the fact that authors believe, based on bibliographical data, that this was the first identification of Corynebacterium equi in the country.

O artigo apresenta resumo em inglês.

A case of mastitis, caused by the CORYNEBACTERIUM EQUI, in a mare / Mastite em égua, causada pelo Corynebacterium equi

A case of mastitis in a mare os described, whose etiological agent has been identified as being Corynebacterium equi. According to the consulted literature, this localization is exceptional, because usually the germ is responsable for colt pneumonias and infections of lymph nodes in pigs. After presentation of laboratory tests, discussion of the case is presented, attention being called to the fact that authors believe, based on bibliographical data, that this was the first identification of Corynebacterium equi in the country.

O artigo apresenta resumo em inglês.

Paravertebral cervical block for osteosynthesis of humeral fracture in foal / Bloqueio paravertebral cervical para realização de ostessíntese de fratura de úmero em potro

A modified cervical paravertebral block of the brachial plexus was performed with the aid of a nerve stimulator for osteosynthesis with four intramedullary pins in a 5-month-old colt weighing 180 kg diagnosed with a closed, complete, and oblique humerus fracture. Xylazine 2% (0.5 mg kg-1 IV) was administered as the pre-anesthetic medication. Anesthesia was induced with ketamine 10% (2 mg kg-1 IV) and midazolam 0.5% (5 mg kg-1 IV) and maintained with isoflurane. The animal was on mechanical ventilation. The nerve block was induced with administration of ropivacaine 0.75% in the ventral branches of C6 (intervertebral space C5–C6) and C7 (intervertebral space C6–C7) and in the branches of C8 and T1 at their convergence at the cranial margin of the first rib. During the 130-min duration of the surgery, no analgesic rescue was required. In conclusion, this blockade can be performed safely and promotes numbness of the humeral and olecranon regions.

Realizou-se o bloqueio paravertebral cervical modicado do plexo braquial, com auxílio de estimulador de nervos, para execução de osteossíntese com quatro pinos intramedulares, em potro de 5 meses, com 180 kg, diagnosticado com fratura fechada, completa e oblíqua de úmero. O animal foi submetido a anestesia com medicação pré-anestésica, xilazina 2% (0,5 mg kg-1 IV) e indução anestésica com cetamina 10% (2 mg kg-1 IV) associada ao midazolam 0,5% (0,5 mg kg-1 IV). A manutenção anestésica foi feita com isoflurano, sendo sempre mantido em ventilação mecânica. O bloqueio foi feito com ropivacaína 0,75% nos ramos ventrais de C6 (espaço intervertebral C5 – C6), C7 (espaço intervertebral C6 – C7) e nos ramos de C8 e T1 em sua convergência na margem cranial da primeira costela. Durante os 130 minutos de duração da cirurgia, não foi necessário qualquer resgate analgésico. Conclui-se que esse bloqueio foi realizado de forma segura e promoveu insensibilidade da região de úmero e olecrano.

Paravertebral cervical block for osteosynthesis of humeral fracture in foal / Bloqueio paravertebral cervical para realização de ostessíntese de fratura de úmero em potro

A modified cervical paravertebral block of the brachial plexus was performed with the aid of a nerve stimulator for osteosynthesis with four intramedullary pins in a 5-month-old colt weighing 180 kg diagnosed with a closed, complete, and oblique humerus fracture. Xylazine 2% (0.5 mg kg-1 IV) was administered as the pre-anesthetic medication. Anesthesia was induced with ketamine 10% (2 mg kg-1 IV) and midazolam 0.5% (5 mg kg-1 IV) and maintained with isoflurane. The animal was on mechanical ventilation. The nerve block was induced with administration of ropivacaine 0.75% in the ventral branches of C6 (intervertebral space C5–C6) and C7 (intervertebral space C6–C7) and in the branches of C8 and T1 at their convergence at the cranial margin of the first rib. During the 130-min duration of the surgery, no analgesic rescue was required. In conclusion, this blockade can be performed safely and promotes numbness of the humeral and olecranon regions.

Realizou-se o bloqueio paravertebral cervical modicado do plexo braquial, com auxílio de estimulador de nervos, para execução de osteossíntese com quatro pinos intramedulares, em potro de 5 meses, com 180 kg, diagnosticado com fratura fechada, completa e oblíqua de úmero. O animal foi submetido a anestesia com medicação pré-anestésica, xilazina 2% (0,5 mg kg-1 IV) e indução anestésica com cetamina 10% (2 mg kg-1 IV) associada ao midazolam 0,5% (0,5 mg kg-1 IV). A manutenção anestésica foi feita com isoflurano, sendo sempre mantido em ventilação mecânica. O bloqueio foi feito com ropivacaína 0,75% nos ramos ventrais de C6 (espaço intervertebral C5 – C6), C7 (espaço intervertebral C6 – C7) e nos ramos de C8 e T1 em sua convergência na margem cranial da primeira costela. Durante os 130 minutos de duração da cirurgia, não foi necessário qualquer resgate analgésico. Conclui-se que esse bloqueio foi realizado de forma segura e promoveu insensibilidade da região de úmero e olecrano.