Energy values and metabolizability of lipid sources of plant and animal origin in the diet of Japanese quail

The objective of this study was to determine the energy values and metabolizability of different lipid sources in the diet of Japanese quail at the laying phase. The quail were distributed in a completely randomized design with ten replications of seven poultry per treatment, totaling six treatments: basal feed (control) and basal feed containing 10% soybean oil, corn oil, canola oil, sunflower oil, and poultry fat. The values of nitrogen-corrected apparent metabolizable energy (AMEn) and the metabolizability coefficient (MC%) were evaluated. No significant difference was found between the different lipid sources for AMEn (kcal/kg) and MC (%). The value of metabolizable energy corrected for nitrogen for soybean oil was 8,790 kcal/kg; 8,773 kcal/kg for corn oil; 8,784 kcal/kg for canola oil; 8,788 kcal/kg for sunflower oil; and 8,681 kcal/kg for poultry fat in laying Japanese quail. The digestibility coefficients were 93.88% for soybean oil, 93.53% for corn oil, 93.32% for canola oil, 93.74% for sunflower oil, and 93.06% for poultry fat.

Performance and behavior of piglets fed diets with different metabolizable energy levels / Desempenho e comportamento de leitões alimentados com dietas com diferentes níveis de energia metabolizável

This study evaluated the effect of different metabolizable energy (ME) levels in diets on digestibility, performance, and feeding behavior of weaned piglets. A digestibility study to determine ME levels was performed using 12 male piglets with 11.5 ± 0.5 kg body weight (BW), in a cross-over design fed with different ME levels (treatments). In the performance study were used 64 female piglets with 7.5 ± 0.8 kg BW, in a randomized block design with four treatments (3.30, 3.40, 3.50, and 3.60 Mcal.kg-1 ME levels), and feeding program with three phases (pre-initial I, pre-initial II, and initial). For feeding behavior, four pens of each treatment were monitored with cameras. The crude-protein digestibility coefficient reduced as dietary ME level increased (P <0.05). In pre-initial I animal performance was not influenced (P <0.05) by ME diet levels, and in the pre-initial II and initial phases, increases in ME caused quadratic (r² 0.99) and linear (r² 0.99) effects on daily feed intake, respectively. When ME levels increased, feed conversion ratio decreased linearly in the pre-initial II phase (r² =0.98), and quadratically in the initial phase (r²= 0.99). The number and duration of feeder visits linearly decreased as the diet energy levels increased (P <0.05). Weaned piglets can regulate feed intake according to dietary ME levels. The performance of weaned piglets can be maintained using diets containing metabolizable energy levels between 3.30 at 3.60 Mcal.ME.kg-1 if the ratio of nutrients to energy is maintained constant.The feed intake behavior of weaned piglets is influenced by increases in dietary metabolizable energy levels evaluated, resulting in fewer and shorter visits to the feeder.

Este estudo avaliou o efeito de diferentes níveis de energia metabolizável (EM) em dietas sobre a digestibilidade, desempenho e comportamento alimentar de leitões desmamados. Um estudo de digestibilidade para determinação dos níveis de EM foi realizado com 12 leitões machos com 11,5 ± 0,5 kg de peso corporal, em delineamento cruzado, alimentados com diferentes níveis de EM (tratamentos). No estudo de desempenho foram utilizadas 64 leitões fêmeas com peso corporal de 7,5 ± 0,8 kg, em delineamento de blocos casualizados com quatro tratamentos (níveis de 3,30, 3,40, 3,50 e 3,60 Mcal.kg-1 ME), e programa de alimentação com três fases (pré- inicial I, pré-inicial II e inicial). Para o comportamento alimentar, quatro baias de cada tratamento foram monitorados com câmeras. O coeficiente de digestibilidade da proteína bruta diminuiu com o aumento do nível de EM da dieta (P <0,05). No pré-inicial I o desempenho dos animais não foi influenciado (P <0,05) pelos níveis da dieta de EM, e nas fases pré-inicial II e inicial, o aumento de EM causou efeitos quadráticos (r² 0,99) e lineares (r² 0,99) na alimentação diária ingestão, respectivamente. Quando os níveis de EM aumentaram, a conversão alimentar diminuiu linearmente na fase pré-inicial II (r² = 0,98), e quadraticamente na fase inicial (r² = 0,99). O número e a duração das visitas aos comedouros diminuíram linearmente à medida que os níveis de energia da dieta aumentaram (P <0,05). Leitões desmamados podem regular o consumo de ração de acordo com os níveis de EM da dieta, o desempenho de leitões desmamados pode ser mantido usando dietas contendo níveis de energia metabolizável entre 3.30 a 3.60 Mcal.EM.kg-1 se a proporção de nutrientes para energia for mantida constante. O comportamento de consumo de ração de leitões desmamados é influenciado pelo aumento nos níveis de energia metabolizável da dieta avaliados, resultando em menos e mais curtas visitas ao comedouro.

Carbohydrase inclusion in a corn-soybean diet improves broiler growth performance

An experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of diets with reduced energy level content, supplemented with carbohydrase, on broiler performance and the coefficient of metabolizability of nutrients. A total of 720 one-day-old male Cobb-500 chicks were distributed in a completely randomized design, with six treatments, eight repetitions of 15 birds each. The treatments were: (1) a positive control, basal diet to meet the requirements of broiler chickens (PC); (2) a negative control, basal diet with a reduction of 80 kcal kg-1 (NC); (3) NC + alphagalactosydase; (4) NC + xylanase; (5) NC + xylanase and alphagalactosydase, and (6) NC + enzymatic blend (alphagalactosydase, xylanase, pectinase and amylase). The nutrient digestibility was not improved by use of enzymes. At 7 days of age, the broilers which were fed diets supplemented with enzymes showed a lower feed intake (FI) and better feed conversion ratio (FCR) than the broilers fed on PC. Both the NC and enzymatic blend resulted in a worse performance of the broilers at 21, 35 and 42 days old. The use of alphagalactosydase and xylanase, isolated or in combination, in a corn-soybean meal-based diet is effective in improving the growth performance of broilers fed energy-reduced diets.(AU)

Effect of emulsifier addition on metabolizable energy reduction in broiler diets / Adição de emulsificante nas rações de frangos de corte com redução dos níveis de energia metabolizável

This study aimed to evaluate the effect of including soy lecithin emulsifier (SL) in broiler diets with reduced metabolizable energy levels and to correlate it with nutrient metabolizability coefficients, as well as to determine apparent metabolizable energy (AME). Two metabolic trials were conducted in a completely randomized design with a 3x2 factorial arrangement (diet with three levels of metabolizable energy, with or without the inclusion of emulsifier), totaling six treatments. In the starter phase, chicks received diets with 2,950, 3,050, and 3,150 kcal/kg of metabolizable energy, with six replications of 10 birds each, totaling 360 birds. In the grower phase, the energy levels of 3,100, 3,150, and 3,200 kcal/kg of feed were tested in 210 birds were used in seven replications of five chicks each. An interaction effect was observed in the starter phase, with the nitrogen metabolizability coefficient increasing when the emulsifier was added to diets with reduced energy. Additionally, emulsifier inclusion increased nitrogen-corrected AME (AMEn). An interaction effect was also present in the grower phase, with AME and AMEn increasing when the emulsifier was added to diets with lower energy levels. In summary, emulsifier inclusion in broiler diets can reduce metabolizable energy while improving AMEn in both the starter and grower phases, as well as AME in growing broilers.

Objetivou-se avaliar a adição do emulsificante, lecitina de soja, nas rações de frangos com redução dos níveis de energia metabolizável e correlacioná-las com os coeficientes de metabolizabilidade de nutrientes, além da determinação da energia metabolizável aparente (EMA). Realizou-se dois ensaios metabólicos em delineamento inteiramente casualizados, esquema fatorial 3x2 (ração com três níveis de energia metabolizável, com ou sem a inclusão do emulsificante na dieta), totalizando seis tratamentos. Na fase inicial, os pintos receberam dieta com 2.950, 3.050 e 3.150 kcal/kg de energia metabolizável, com seis repetições com 10 aves, totalizando 360 aves. Na fase de crescimento foram utilizadas 210 aves, sendo sete repetições com cinco frangos e os níveis de energia testados foram: 3.100, 3.150 e 3.200 kcal/kg de ração. Na fase inicial, observou-se efeito de interação, apresentando aumento do coeficiente de metabolizabilidade do nitrogênio (CMN) ao adicionar o emulsificante em dietas com energia reduzida e também, efeito do emulsificante no aumento da energia metabolizável aparente corrigida pelo balanço do nitrogênio (EMAn). Na fase de crescimento, observou-se efeito de interação, apresentando aumento da EMA e EMAn ao adicionar o emulsificante em dietas com menores níveis de energia. Conclui-se que a inclusão do emulsificante é indicada para frangos de corte, pois permite reduzir a energia metabolizável da dieta, melhorando a EMAn nas fases inicial e de crescimento, bem como a da EMA com frangos em crescimento.

Effects of a Novel Protease from Bacillus Subtilis K-5 in Low Protein Corn Distiller Dried Grains with Solubles (cDDGS) Based Diets on Performance and Nutrients Digestibility in Broiler Chickens

This experiment was conducted to evaluate the supplemental effects of a novel protease produced from Bacillus subtilis in low crude protein (CP) corn distiller dried grain with solubles (cDDGS) based diets on growth performance, carcass attributes, nutrients digestibility, blood chemistry, and intestinal histomorphometry of broiler chickens. One hundred and sixty, one-day-old chicks were randomly allotted to one of 4 dietary treatments. Each dietary treatment had four replicates, with 10 birds in each replicate. Two basal diets were formulated for both starter (1-21d) and finisher (22-35d) phase; (PC) a corn soybean meal based diet as per standard recommendations of Ross 308; (NC) 5% cDGGS with 5% reduction in CP with concomitant reduction in essential amino acids (EAAs) compared with PC. The negative control diet was further subdivided into 3 parts. One part was without enzyme supplementation, while the other two parts were supplemented with a novel protease (PROT1) and a commercial protease (PROT2), respectively. The same procedure was adopted for finisher diets. A digestibility assay (32-35d) was carried out using acid insoluble ash (AIA), an external digestibility marker. At the end of 35d, ileal digesta were collected from four birds per experimental unit for nutrient digestibility measurement. Tissue samples of duodenum, jejunum, and ileum were collected for villus height, villus width, crypt depth, and crypt width. Body weight gain (BWG) and feed:gain were improved (p<0.05) with protease supplementation. No effect was observed on carcass parameters. However, CP digestibility, apparent digestibility coefficient for nitrogen (ADCn), nitrogen retention (Nret ), and apparent ileal amino acid digestibility (AIAAD) were improved (p<0.05). However, there was no effect on apparent metabolizable energy (AME) and apparent metabolizable energy corrected for nitrogen (AMEn), blood glucose, total protein and cholesterol (p>0.05) and intestinal integrity (p>0.05). It was concluded that protease enzyme can improve nitrogen and CP digestibility, resulting in improved amino acids availability in low protein diets.(AU)

Pterygoplichthys spp. (Siluriformes: Loricariidae) meal is suitable for the culture of Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus (Cichlidae) juveniles / Farinha de Pterygoplichthys spp. (Siluriformes: Loricariidae) é adequado para a cultura da tilápia juvenil do Nilo Oreochromis niloticus (Cichlidae)

ABSTRACT: We search for positive utility impact on the invasive species Pterygoplichthys spp. The optimal level of replacement of sardine meal (SM) by Pterygoplichthys spp. meal (PLM) in practical feeds for fry of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) was evaluated. We evaluated six experimental diets: 50% PLM-50% SM, 60% PLM-40% SM, 70% PLM-30% SM, 80% PLM-20% SM, 90% PLM-10% SM and 100% PLM-0% SM. In a recirculation system, 270 sex-reversed tilapia fry were used (0.7 ± 0.1 g). Diets were administered in triplicate and the experiment lasted 56 days with sampling every 14 days. There were no statistical differences in growth. At the end of the experiment, the SGR, ADG, CF, WG, DFI, FCR and PER were determined without significant differences (P > 0.05) between treatments, but there was a tendency that could indicated higher WG and PER in the 90% PLM-10% SM treatment (93.56 ± 0.43% and 8.44 ± 1.18 g, respectively). All survival rates were higher than 90% with no significant differences. Additionally, there were no statistical differences in the chemical composition of the whole fish, while apparent digestibility coefficients of protein (81-90%) and lipids (87-93%) also showed no significant differences. We concluded that 100% PLM can replace 100% SM in feeding fry of O. niloticus without affecting their survival, growth or chemical composition or the apparent digestibility of nutrients.

RESUMO: Buscamos por um impacto positivo de utilidade nas espécies invasoras como Pterygoplichthys spp. Foi avaliado o nível ótimo de substituição da farinha de sardinha (SM) pela farinha de Pterygoplichthys spp. (PML) em dietas práticas para tilápia do Nilo (Oreochromis niloticus). Foram utilizadas seis dietas experimentais; 50% PLM-50% SM, 60% PLM-40% SM, 70% PLM-30% SM, 80% PLM-20% SM, 90% PLM-10% SM e 100% PLM-0% SM. Em sistema de recirculação foram colocados 270 filhotes de tilápia machos (0.7 ± 0.1 g). As dietas foram triplicadas, o experimento durou 56 dias com amostragem a cada 14 dias, não houve diferença estatística para o crescimento. No final do experimento, foram determinados SGR, ADG, CF, WG, DFI, FCR e PER, não encontrando diferenças significativas (P> 0,05), embora tenha havido uma tendência indicando maior WG e PER na dieta 90% PLM-10% SM (93,56 ± 0,43% e 8,44 ± 1,18 g). A sobrevida foi superior a 90%, sem diferenças significativas. Além disso, não houve diferenças significativas na composição proximal de todo o peixe, enquanto o aparente coeficiente de digestibilidade de proteínas (81-90%) e lipídios (87-93%) também não mostrou diferenças significativas. Podemos concluir que o uso de 100% de farinha de Pterygoplichthys spp. pode substituir 100% de farinha de sardinha na alimentação de jovens O. niloticus sem afetar a sobrevivência, o crescimento, a composição química e a digestibilidade aparente dos nutrientes.

Potential of Soy Gum Emulsification in Starter Diets for Broiler Chickens

This study evaluated the viability of using soy gum (residue from soy processing to obtain degummed oil) as an emulsifier in starter diets for broilers (1 to 21 days). For this, 600 1-day-old male broilers (Cobb® 500) were randomly assigned in a factorial arrangement (3 x 4), with three levels of gum inclusion (0, 1.25, and 2.5%) and four levels of soybean oil (0,1.3, 2.6, and 3.9%), with 5 replicates of 10 birds each. At 7, 14, and 21 days of age, we analyzed the performance parameters, pancreatic lipase activity and digestibility coefficients. Inclusion of soy gum improved (p<0.05) the performance and the digestibility coefficient of the ether extract, increased (p<0.05) the levels of AME and AMEn. The higher inclusion of gum (2.5%) as an emulsifier resulted in improved performance, showing the best values of feed conversion, with increased ether extract digestibility, increased AME content of the diets, and a lower requirement for pancreatic lipase in micelle formation.(AU)

Sources of acid insoluble ash as marker of corn digestibility in broilers / Fontes de cinza insolúvel em ácido como indicador de digestibilidade do milho em frangos de corte

The objective was to evaluate three sources of acid insoluble ash (AIA) (celite, kaolin, and sand), as indicators, to determine the apparent metabolizable energy of corn on a natural matter (AME) basis, dry matter digestibility coefficient (DMDC), and crude protein digestibility coefficient (CPDC) using total and partial excreta collection methods. Two hundred and ten Ross broiler chicks of 18 to 27 days of age were used. Broilers were adapted to experimental the diet for four days, and excreta were collected for 5 days. A reference diet (RD) based on corn and soybean meal was prepared to meet the nutritional requirements of the birds. A test diet was prepared with 40% replacement of RD with corn. The formulated diets were: D1, 99% Reference diet + 1% celite; D2, 59.4% RD + 39.6 % corn + 1% celite; D3, 99% Reference diet + 1% kaolin; D4, 59.4% RD + 39.6 % corn + 1% kaolin; D5, 99% Reference diet + 1% sand; D6, 59.4% RD + 39.6 % corn + 1% sand. The treatments were distributed in a completely randomized design, with six diets and five replicates of seven birds each in a 2x3 factorial arrangement. There were significant interactions for all variables investigated. It was observed that the AME and DMDC values of corn were similar in the two methods of collection, and CPDC values using kaolin and celite makers were similar. However, the AME and CPDC of corn using sand with partial collection method were underestimated by 17.70 and 15.53%, respectively compared to those with the total collection method. The AME values of corn with the collection methods using celite and, the DMDC using celite and sand were significantly different. It was observed that the DMDC using celite and sand provided significantly lower values (4.67 and 5.15%), respectively, and the AME using celite was 2.86% lower than that obtained by total collection. To determine the EMA, DMDC, and CPDC in broilers, it is more efficient to use celiteTM and kaolin as markers with partial collection of excreta. Sand should not be used with partial excreta collection method, because it provides lower values of AME and CPDC compared to with total excreta collection method.(AU)

Objetivou-se avaliar três fontes de cinza insolúvel em ácido (CIA) (celite, caulim, e areia), como indicadores para determinação da energia metabolizável aparente do milho na matéria natural (EMA), coeficiente de digestibilidade da matéria seca (CDMS), e coeficiente de digestibilidade da proteína bruta (CDPB) por meio dos métodos de coleta total e parcial de excretas. Foram utilizados duzentos e dez frangos da linhagem comercial Ross no período de 18 a 27 dias de idade. Os frangos foram adaptados à dieta experimental por quatro dias, e as excretas foram coletadas por 5 dias. Foi formulada uma dieta referência (DR) a base de milho e farelo de soja para atender as exigências nutricionais das aves. A dieta teste com substituição de 40% de milho à DR. As dietas formuladas foram: D1, 99% dieta referência + 1% celite; D2, 59.4% DR + 39.6 % milho + 1% celite; D3, 99% dieta referência + 1% caulim; D4, 59.4% RD + 39.6 % milho + 1% caulim; D5, 99% dieta referência + 1% areia; D6, 59.4% DR + 39.6 % milho + 1% areia. Os tratamentos foram distribuídos em delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com seis dietas e cinco repetições de 7 aves cada em esquema fatorial 2x3. Houve interações significativas para todas as variáveis investigadas. Observouse que os valores de EMA e CDMS do milho são semelhantes pelos dois métodos de coleta utilizando caulim, e CDPB utilizando caulim e celite. Contudo, a EMA e o CDPB do milho usando areia na coleta parcial foram subestimados em 17,70 e 15,53%, respectivamente, em relação à coleta total. Os valores EMA do milho para os métodos de coleta usando celite e, o CDMS usando celite e areia foram significativamente diferentes. Observou-se que o CDMS com celite e areia proporcionou valores significativamente menores (4,67 e 5,15%), respectivamente, e a EMA com celite foi 2,86% menor que o obtido pela coleta total. Para determinar a EMA, CDMS e CDPB em frangos de corte, é mais eficiente usar celiteTM e caulim como indicadores na coleta parcial de excretas. A areia não deve ser usada com o método de coleta parcial de excretas, pois fornece valores menores de EMA e CDPB em comparação com o método de coleta total de excretas.(AU)

Pterygoplichthys spp. (Siluriformes: Loricariidae) meal is suitable for the culture of Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus (Cichlidae) juveniles / Farinha de Pterygoplichthys spp. (Siluriformes: Loricariidae) é adequado para a cultura da tilápia juvenil do Nilo Oreochromis niloticus (Cichlidae)

We search for positive utility impact on the invasive species Pterygoplichthys spp. The optimal level of replacement of sardine meal (SM) by Pterygoplichthys spp. meal (PLM) in practical feeds for fry of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) was evaluated. We evaluated six experimental diets: 50% PLM-50% SM, 60% PLM-40% SM, 70% PLM-30% SM, 80% PLM-20% SM, 90% PLM-10% SM and 100% PLM-0% SM. In a recirculation system, 270 sex-reversed tilapia fry were used (0.7 ± 0.1 g). Diets were administered in triplicate and the experiment lasted 56 days with sampling every 14 days. There were no statistical differences in growth. At the end of the experiment, the SGR, ADG, CF, WG, DFI, FCR and PER were determined without significant differences (P > 0.05) between treatments, but there was a tendency that could indicated higher WG and PER in the 90% PLM-10% SM treatment (93.56 ± 0.43% and 8.44 ± 1.18 g, respectively). All survival rates were higher than 90% with no significant differences. Additionally, there were no statistical differences in the chemical composition of the whole fish, while apparent digestibility coefficients of protein (81-90%) and lipids (87-93%) also showed no significant differences. We concluded that 100% PLM can replace 100% SM in feeding fry of O. niloticus without affecting their survival, growth or chemical composition or the apparent digestibility of nutrients.

Buscamos por um impacto positivo de utilidade nas espécies invasoras como Pterygoplichthys spp. Foi avaliado o nível ótimo de substituição da farinha de sardinha (SM) pela farinha de Pterygoplichthys spp. (PML) em dietas práticas para tilápia do Nilo (Oreochromis niloticus). Foram utilizadas seis dietas experimentais; 50% PLM-50% SM, 60% PLM-40% SM, 70% PLM-30% SM, 80% PLM-20% SM, 90% PLM-10% SM e 100% PLM-0% SM. Em sistema de recirculação foram colocados 270 filhotes de tilápia machos (0.7 ± 0.1 g). As dietas foram triplicadas, o experimento durou 56 dias com amostragem a cada 14 dias, não houve diferença estatística para o crescimento. No final do experimento, foram determinados SGR, ADG, CF, WG, DFI, FCR e PER, não encontrando diferenças significativas (P> 0,05), embora tenha havido uma tendência indicando maior WG e PER na dieta 90% PLM-10% SM (93,56 ± 0,43% e 8,44 ± 1,18 g). A sobrevida foi superior a 90%, sem diferenças significativas. Além disso, não houve diferenças significativas na composição proximal de todo o peixe, enquanto o aparente coeficiente de digestibilidade de proteínas (81-90%) e lipídios (87-93%) também não mostrou diferenças significativas. Podemos concluir que o uso de 100% de farinha de Pterygoplichthys spp. pode substituir 100% de farinha de sardinha na alimentação de jovens O. niloticus sem afetar a sobrevivência, o crescimento, a composição química e a digestibilidade aparente dos nutrientes.

Pterygoplichthys spp. (Siluriformes: Loricariidae) meal is suitable for the culture of Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus (Cichlidae) juveniles / Farinha de Pterygoplichthys spp. (Siluriformes: Loricariidae) é adequado para a cultura da tilápia juvenil do Nilo Oreochromis niloticus (Cichlidae)

We search for positive utility impact on the invasive species Pterygoplichthys spp. The optimal level of replacement of sardine meal (SM) by Pterygoplichthys spp. meal (PLM) in practical feeds for fry of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) was evaluated. We evaluated six experimental diets: 50% PLM-50% SM, 60% PLM-40% SM, 70% PLM-30% SM, 80% PLM-20% SM, 90% PLM-10% SM and 100% PLM-0% SM. In a recirculation system, 270 sex-reversed tilapia fry were used (0.7 ± 0.1 g). Diets were administered in triplicate and the experiment lasted 56 days with sampling every 14 days. There were no statistical differences in growth. At the end of the experiment, the SGR, ADG, CF, WG, DFI, FCR and PER were determined without significant differences (P > 0.05) between treatments, but there was a tendency that could indicated higher WG and PER in the 90% PLM-10% SM treatment (93.56 ± 0.43% and 8.44 ± 1.18 g, respectively). All survival rates were higher than 90% with no significant differences. Additionally, there were no statistical differences in the chemical composition of the whole fish, while apparent digestibility coefficients of protein (81-90%) and lipids (87-93%) also showed no significant differences. We concluded that 100% PLM can replace 100% SM in feeding fry of O. niloticus without affecting their survival, growth or chemical composition or the apparent digestibility of nutrients.(AU)

Buscamos por um impacto positivo de utilidade nas espécies invasoras como Pterygoplichthys spp. Foi avaliado o nível ótimo de substituição da farinha de sardinha (SM) pela farinha de Pterygoplichthys spp. (PML) em dietas práticas para tilápia do Nilo (Oreochromis niloticus). Foram utilizadas seis dietas experimentais; 50% PLM-50% SM, 60% PLM-40% SM, 70% PLM-30% SM, 80% PLM-20% SM, 90% PLM-10% SM e 100% PLM-0% SM. Em sistema de recirculação foram colocados 270 filhotes de tilápia machos (0.7 ± 0.1 g). As dietas foram triplicadas, o experimento durou 56 dias com amostragem a cada 14 dias, não houve diferença estatística para o crescimento. No final do experimento, foram determinados SGR, ADG, CF, WG, DFI, FCR e PER, não encontrando diferenças significativas (P> 0,05), embora tenha havido uma tendência indicando maior WG e PER na dieta 90% PLM-10% SM (93,56 ± 0,43% e 8,44 ± 1,18 g). A sobrevida foi superior a 90%, sem diferenças significativas. Além disso, não houve diferenças significativas na composição proximal de todo o peixe, enquanto o aparente coeficiente de digestibilidade de proteínas (81-90%) e lipídios (87-93%) também não mostrou diferenças significativas. Podemos concluir que o uso de 100% de farinha de Pterygoplichthys spp. pode substituir 100% de farinha de sardinha na alimentação de jovens O. niloticus sem afetar a sobrevivência, o crescimento, a composição química e a digestibilidade aparente dos nutrientes.(AU)

Effect of Dietary Inclusion of Protected Sodium Butyrate on the Digestibility and Intestinal Histomorphometry of Commercial Laying Hens

ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of dietary inclusion of protected sodium butyrate (PSB) on the intestinal development and feed nutrient metabolizability of commercial laying hens. The birds started to receive the treatment rations at 58 weeks of age. At 76 weeks of age the laying hens were distributed in a randomized block design to four treatments (0, 105, 210 and 300 g t-1/PSB), six replicates, and two birds/replicate. The nitrogen balance (NB), ether extract balance (EEB), dry matter metabolizability coefficient, nitrogen, ether extract, ash, apparent metabolizable energy (AME), and AME corrected by nitrogen (AMEn) were evaluated. For assessment of intestinal development, we evaluated the duodenum, jejunum, ileum, cecum, and colorectal lengths, the relative intestine weight and villus height, crypt depth, and villus:crypt ratio of the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum. A decreasing linear effect was observed in the duodenum length, while an increasing linear effect was observed in the height of the duodenum and jejunum villi. A quadratic effect was found in the jejunum crypt depth. A linear increasing effect was found on the villus:crypt ratio of the duodenum and jejunum, and a quadratic effect was observed in the ileum. Quadratic and increasing linear effects were observed in the NB and EEB, respectively. Additionally, increasing linear effects were observed in the AME and AMEn. The dietary addition of 300 g t-1 of PSB improved intestinal development and energy metabolizability of the diet.

Standardized ileal phosphorus digestibility of meat and bone meal and poultry byproduct meal for broilers

Two experiments were conducted using direct method to determine the standardized ileal phosphorus (P) digestibility coefficient (SIPDC) of meat and bone meal (MBM) and poultry byproduct meal (PBM) for broilers. In the first experiment, three MBM from different batches were evaluated, with four treatments (MBMI, MBMII, MBMIII, and a P-free diet) and nine replicates of seven birds each, totaling 252 birds distributed across a completely randomized design. The P-free diet was used to determine endogenous P losses. Titanium dioxide (5 g kg−1) was used as an indigestible indicator. In the second experiment, three PBM from different batches were evaluated, with 189 birds distributed over three treatments (PBMI, PBMII, and PBMIII) and nine replicates of seven birds each. These two experiments were conducted when birds were 19-22 days old. The birds were euthanized to collect the ileal content. Using the P-free diet, endogenous P losses were determined at 94.9 mg kg−1 dry matter intake. Standardized ileal P digestibility of MBMI (0.65) and MBMIII (0.69) was higher compared with MBMII (0.49). The SIPDC determined for three PBM sources were similar and 0.96, 0.96, and 0.93 for PBMI, PBMII, and PBMIII, respectively. The present study demonstrates that P in MBM is not as available as it is believed and that the variability between batches should be considered by nutritionists, while PBM can be considered an excellent P source to broiler diets.

Digestibilidade de nutrientes da silagem de grãos úmidos de milho para leitões com e sem inoculação microbiana / Digestibility of nutrients from moist corn grain silage for piglets with and without microbial inoculation

Foram realizados dois experimentos para avaliar o padrão de fermentação e digestibilidade dos nutrientes de silagens de grãos úmidos de milho (SGUM), de milho cv. SCS 154 Fortuna Epagri® e de milho doce Tropical Syngenta®, com ou sem inoculação microbiana, para leitões. Para os experimentos, foi utilizado um delineamento em esquema fatorial 2*2 (duas variedades de milho e com ou sem inoculação). Para o experimento de ensilagem foram fabricados três silos para cada tratamento. A abertura dos silos e as análises (matéria seca - MS, matéria orgânica - MO, proteína bruta – PB e Acidez titulável - AT) foram realizadas aos 45 dias pós-ensilagem. Para o ensaio de digestibilidade, foram utilizados 20 leitões machos castrados (um animal por unidade experimental), com peso inicial médio de 10,9±1,1kg, com quatro repetições por tratamento, sendo adicionalmente elaborado um tratamento referência (dieta sem inclusão de silagens) para permitir, via coeficiente angular, estimar os coeficientes de digestibilidade dos nutrientes das silagens. Houve interação da inoculação com a variedade de milho (p<0,05) para AT e o tratamento sem inoculação apresentou os maiores valores de AT para o milho doce Tropical e para o milho Fortuna maior AT quando inoculado. A SGUM de milho Fortuna apresentou melhores coeficientes de digestibilidade e energia da MS do que as silagens fabricadas com milho doce Tropical. Corrigidos para 88% de MS o milho Fortuna apresentou 3,45 Mcal de EM/kg e o milho doce Tropical 3,41 Mcal de EM/kg. A inoculação bacteriana não influenciou a composição química das silagens e os coeficientes de digestibilidade e metabolização.

Two experiments were carried out to evaluate fermentation and digestibility patterns of nutrients from moist corn grain silages (MCGS), corn cv. SCS 154 Fortuna Epagri® and Tropical Syngenta® sweet corn, with or without microbial inoculation for piglets. For the experiments, a factorial design of 2*2 was used (two types of corn and with or without inoculation). For the silage experiment, three silos were built for each treatment. The opening of silos and analyzes (dry matter - DM, organic matter - OM, crude protein - CP and titratable acidity - TA) were performed 45 days after ensiling. For the digestibility test, 20 castrated male piglets (one pig per experimental unit) with an average initial weight of 10.9±1.1kg, with four replicates per treatment, with an additional reference treatment (diet without silages) permitted by angular coefficient to estimate the nutrients digestibility coefficients of grain silages. There was interaction of inoculation with the corn variety (p<0.05) for TA and the treatment without inoculation showed the highest TA values for Tropical sweet corn and higher TA when inoculated for the Fortuna. Fortuna MCGS showed better DM and energy digestibility coefficients than silages made with Tropical sweet corn. Corrected for 88% of DM, Fortuna corn presented 3.45 Mcal of ME/kg, and Tropical sweet corn 3.41 Mcal of ME/kg. Bacterial inoculation did not influence the chemical composition of the silages, digestibility or metabolization coefficients.

Digestibilidade de nutrientes da silagem de grãos úmidos de milho para leitões com e sem inoculação microbiana / Digestibility of nutrients from moist corn grain silage for piglets with and without microbial inoculation

Foram realizados dois experimentos para avaliar o padrão de fermentação e digestibilidade dos nutrientes de silagens de grãos úmidos de milho (SGUM), de milho cv. SCS 154 Fortuna Epagri® e de milho doce Tropical Syngenta®, com ou sem inoculação microbiana, para leitões. Para os experimentos, foi utilizado um delineamento em esquema fatorial 2*2 (duas variedades de milho e com ou sem inoculação). Para o experimento de ensilagem foram fabricados três silos para cada tratamento. A abertura dos silos e as análises (matéria seca - MS, matéria orgânica - MO, proteína bruta PB e Acidez titulável - AT) foram realizadas aos 45 dias pós-ensilagem. Para o ensaio de digestibilidade, foram utilizados 20 leitões machos castrados (um animal por unidade experimental), com peso inicial médio de 10,9±1,1kg, com quatro repetições por tratamento, sendo adicionalmente elaborado um tratamento referência (dieta sem inclusão de silagens) para permitir, via coeficiente angular, estimar os coeficientes de digestibilidade dos nutrientes das silagens. Houve interação da inoculação com a variedade de milho (p<0,05) para AT e o tratamento sem inoculação apresentou os maiores valores de AT para o milho doce Tropical e para o milho Fortuna maior AT quando inoculado. A SGUM de milho Fortuna apresentou melhores coeficientes de digestibilidade e energia da MS do que as silagens fabricadas com milho doce Tropical. Corrigidos para 88% de MS o milho Fortuna apresentou 3,45 Mcal de EM/kg e o milho doce Tropical 3,41 Mcal de EM/kg. A inoculação bacteriana não influenciou a composição química das silagens e os coeficientes de digestibilidade e metabolização.(AU)

Two experiments were carried out to evaluate fermentation and digestibility patterns of nutrients from moist corn grain silages (MCGS), corn cv. SCS 154 Fortuna Epagri® and Tropical Syngenta® sweet corn, with or without microbial inoculation for piglets. For the experiments, a factorial design of 2*2 was used (two types of corn and with or without inoculation). For the silage experiment, three silos were built for each treatment. The opening of silos and analyzes (dry matter - DM, organic matter - OM, crude protein - CP and titratable acidity - TA) were performed 45 days after ensiling. For the digestibility test, 20 castrated male piglets (one pig per experimental unit) with an average initial weight of 10.9±1.1kg, with four replicates per treatment, with an additional reference treatment (diet without silages) permitted by angular coefficient to estimate the nutrients digestibility coefficients of grain silages. There was interaction of inoculation with the corn variety (p<0.05) for TA and the treatment without inoculation showed the highest TA values for Tropical sweet corn and higher TA when inoculated for the Fortuna. Fortuna MCGS showed better DM and energy digestibility coefficients than silages made with Tropical sweet corn. Corrected for 88% of DM, Fortuna corn presented 3.45 Mcal of ME/kg, and Tropical sweet corn 3.41 Mcal of ME/kg. Bacterial inoculation did not influence the chemical composition of the silages, digestibility or metabolization coefficients.(AU)

Composition and availability of nutrients of three corn hybrids dried at different temperatures in the diets of broiler chickens

The objective of this study was to determine the chemical composition, non-starch polysaccharides (NSP) content, in vitro digestibility of starch, apparent metabolizable energy (AME), nitrogen-corrected AME (AMEn ), and apparent and apparent nitrogen-corrected coefficient of metabolizable energy (ACME and ACMEn ) of three corn hybrids dried at different temperatures in the diets of broiler chickens. The energetic values were determined by the total collection of excreta method, using broilers from 11 to 21 d, placed in a completely randomized design in a factorial scheme (three corn hybrids and two drying temperatures: 80 and 110 °C), totalizing six treatments, seven replicates, and four birds/replicate. The data were subjected to two-way ANOVA. There was an interaction between the two factors tested wherein the AME and AMEn were increased when using corn Hybrid 1 dried at 80 °C. As main effects, the use of corn Hybrid 3 increased ACME and ACMEn . The drying temperature of 110 °C increased amylose, resistant starch, and nitrogen bound to the fiber contents, and reduced soluble:total NSP ratio. These changes may be responsible for the differences in digestibility of nutrients. The mean values of AME and AMEn of corn dried at 80 and 110 °C were 14.03 and 13.84 MJ/kg, respectively, and 81.62 and 80.53% for ACME and ACMEn , respectively.

Addition of Aurantiochytrium sp. meal in the diet affects immunity and thermal shock resistance of the pacific white shrimp / Adição de farinha de Aurantiochytrium sp. na dieta afeta a imunidade e resistência ao choque térmico do camarão-branco-do-pacífico

This paper reports the evaluation of digestibility, immunological parameters, and resistance to thermal shock at low temperature in Litopenaeus vannamei fed diets with diferent Aurantiochytrium sp. meal additions (0; 0.5; 1 and 2%). First, the apparent digestibility coefficient of the ingredient was determined. The digestibility of the microalgae meal was high for protein (74.90%); around 60% for lipids, and for docosahexaenoic fatty acid (DHA) it was 55.61%. After, shrimp rearing with the feed additive was carried out in a clear water system, containing 25 shrimp (initial weight: 4.89 ± 0.27g) per 400 L tank. Feeding occurred four times a day. After a three-week period, immunological parameters were evaluated and thermal shock was performed. Animals fed 0.5% and 2% of the microalgae Aurantiochytrium sp. showed higher survival to thermal shock. In immunological analyses, the serum agglutiniting titer was higher (p <0.05) in the 0.5 and 2% additions of the microalgae meal, and the phenoloxidase activity (PO) was higher in the 1% addition (p <0.05). It is concluded that there is good utilization of the nutrients of Aurantiochytrium sp. meal by L. vannamei and its addition to the diet (0.5 and 1%) increased shrimp resistance to thermal shock.

Avaliou-se a digestibilidade, os parâmetros imunológicos e a resistência ao choque térmico a baixa temperatura em Litopenaeus vannamei alimentado com dietas contendo diferentes proporções de farinha da microalga Aurantiochytrium sp. (0; 0,5; 1 e 2%). Inicialmente, foi determinado o coeficiente de digestibilidade aparente do ingrediente. A digestibilidade da farinha da microalga foi alta para proteína (74,9%), e em torno no 60% para lipídeos em geral, sendo que para o ácido graxo docosahexaenóico (DHA) foi de 55,61%. Posteriormente, o cultivo com o aditivo alimentar foi realizado em sistema de água clara, contendo 25 camarões (peso inicial 4,89 ± 0,27 g) por tanque de 400 L, alimentados quatro vezes ao dia. Após o período de três semanas, foram avaliados os parâmetros imunológicos e realizado o choque térmico. Os animais alimentados com 0,5% e 1% da microalga na dieta apresentaram melhor sobrevivência ao choque térmico. Nas análises imunológicas, o título aglutinante do soro foi significativamente superior (p <0,05) nas adições de 0,5 e 2% da farinha da microalga, e a atividade da fonoloxidade (PO) na adição de 1% (p <0,05). Conclui-se que a farinha de Aurantiochytrium sp. tem bom aproveitamento de seus nutrientes por L. vannamei e sua adição na dieta (0,5 e 1%) aumentou a resistência dos camarões à variação térmica.

Addition of Aurantiochytrium sp. meal in the diet affects immunity and thermal shock resistance of the pacific white shrimp / Adição de farinha de Aurantiochytrium sp. na dieta afeta a imunidade e resistência ao choque térmico do camarão-branco-do-pacífico

This paper reports the evaluation of digestibility, immunological parameters, and resistance to thermal shock at low temperature in Litopenaeus vannamei fed diets with diferent Aurantiochytrium sp. meal additions (0; 0.5; 1 and 2%). First, the apparent digestibility coefficient of the ingredient was determined. The digestibility of the microalgae meal was high for protein (74.90%); around 60% for lipids, and for docosahexaenoic fatty acid (DHA) it was 55.61%. After, shrimp rearing with the feed additive was carried out in a clear water system, containing 25 shrimp (initial weight: 4.89 ± 0.27g) per 400 L tank. Feeding occurred four times a day. After a three-week period, immunological parameters were evaluated and thermal shock was performed. Animals fed 0.5% and 2% of the microalgae Aurantiochytrium sp. showed higher survival to thermal shock. In immunological analyses, the serum agglutiniting titer was higher (p <0.05) in the 0.5 and 2% additions of the microalgae meal, and the phenoloxidase activity (PO) was higher in the 1% addition (p <0.05). It is concluded that there is good utilization of the nutrients of Aurantiochytrium sp. meal by L. vannamei and its addition to the diet (0.5 and 1%) increased shrimp resistance to thermal shock.(AU)

Avaliou-se a digestibilidade, os parâmetros imunológicos e a resistência ao choque térmico a baixa temperatura em Litopenaeus vannamei alimentado com dietas contendo diferentes proporções de farinha da microalga Aurantiochytrium sp. (0; 0,5; 1 e 2%). Inicialmente, foi determinado o coeficiente de digestibilidade aparente do ingrediente. A digestibilidade da farinha da microalga foi alta para proteína (74,9%), e em torno no 60% para lipídeos em geral, sendo que para o ácido graxo docosahexaenóico (DHA) foi de 55,61%. Posteriormente, o cultivo com o aditivo alimentar foi realizado em sistema de água clara, contendo 25 camarões (peso inicial 4,89 ± 0,27 g) por tanque de 400 L, alimentados quatro vezes ao dia. Após o período de três semanas, foram avaliados os parâmetros imunológicos e realizado o choque térmico. Os animais alimentados com 0,5% e 1% da microalga na dieta apresentaram melhor sobrevivência ao choque térmico. Nas análises imunológicas, o título aglutinante do soro foi significativamente superior (p <0,05) nas adições de 0,5 e 2% da farinha da microalga, e a atividade da fonoloxidade (PO) na adição de 1% (p <0,05). Conclui-se que a farinha de Aurantiochytrium sp. tem bom aproveitamento de seus nutrientes por L. vannamei e sua adição na dieta (0,5 e 1%) aumentou a resistência dos camarões à variação térmica.(AU)

Uso do gérmen de milho desengordurado, com e sem adição de um complexo enzimático, em dietas para cães / [Use of defatted corngerm with and without the addition of an enzyme complex in dog diets]

Objetivou-se avaliar o coeficiente de digestibilidade aparente (CDA) dos nutrientes, a palatabilidade das dietas e as características fecais de cães alimentados com uma dieta controle e uma dieta contendo 20% de gérmen desengordurado (GD), com e sem adição de complexo enzimático (amilase, xilanase, betaglucanase e mananase). Para o experimento de digestibidade e das características fecais, foram utilizados 12 cães adultos, distribuídos em delineamento em blocos ao acaso, em esquema fatorial 2 x 2 (dieta x enzima). O segundo experimento avaliou a palatabilidade, por meio da primeira escolha e da razão de ingestão (RI) da dieta DC vs. 20% de GD, utilizando-se 16 cães. O teste de palatabilidade contou com três dias consecutivos, totalizando 48 repetições. A dieta com inclusão de 20% de GD teve os menores valores de CDA da MS, da EB e da EM (P<0,05). A inclusão do complexo enzimático melhorou o CDA da MS, da EB e da EM (P<0,05). Não foram observadas diferenças nas características fecais (P>0,05). Em relação à palatabilidade, os cães preferiram a dieta 20% de GD, tanto na primeira escolha como na RI (P<0,05). A inclusão de enzimas às dietas melhora a digestibilidade dos nutrientes e da EM, sendo um aditivo com potencial uso na alimentação de cães.(AU)

The objective was to evaluate the apparent digestibility coefficient (ADC) of nutrients, diet palatability and fecal characteristics of dogs fed diets containing degreased germ (DG), and a control diet (DC) - both with and without the addition of enzyme complex (amylase, xylanase, betaglucanase and mananase). For the digestibility and fecal characteristics experiment 12 adult dogs were used, distributed in a randomized block design, in a 2 x 2 factorial scheme (diet x enzyme). The second experiment evaluated palatability using the first choice and ingestion ratio (IR) of DC diet vs. 20%gD, using 16 dogs. The palatability test had three consecutive days, totaling 48 repetitions. The diet with inclusion of 20% DG had the lowest ADC values of DM, GE and ME (P <0.05). Inclusion of the enzyme complex improved ADC of DM, GE and ME (P <0.05). No differences in fecal characteristics were observed (P >0.05). Regarding palatability, dogs preferred the 20% DG diet in both first choice and IR (P <0.05). Inclusion of enzymes in diets improves nutrient digestibility and ME, being an additive with potential use in dog food.(AU)

Use of different combinations of enzyme complexes in broiler diets / Utilização de diferentes combinações de complexos enzimáticos em rações para frangos de corte

Two experiments were carried out to investigate the effect of "on top" addition of different enzyme complexes, the enzyme α-galactosidase and three sources of the enzyme phytase available on the market, in broiler diets. In the first experiment, 1260 one-day-old Cobb 500® chicks were distributed into seven treatments in a completely randomized design (CRD) with six replicates and 30 birds/replicate. Treatments consisted of combinations of different enzyme complexes, namely, complex A (phytase, protease, xylanase, ß-glucanase, cellulase, amylase, pectinase), complex B (protease and cellulase) and complex C (xylanase, amylase and protease); isolated α-galactosidase (GAL); and three sources of phytase (P1, P2 and P3) in the diet. The treatments were formulated as follows: T1 - basal diet (BD); T2 - BD + enzyme complex A + enzyme complex B (BDAB); T3 - BDAB + GAL; T4 - BD + complex A + GAL; T5 - BD + complex C + P1 + GAL (BDCG); T6- BDCG + P2; and T7 - BDCG + P3. The following variables were measured in the experimental period of 42 days: feed intake (FI), weight gain (WG), average final weight (AFW), feed conversion (FC), and carcass yield. Significant differences occurred for AFW, WG and FC in the pre-starter phase. In the second experiment,112 Cobb 500® chicks aged 25 days were distributed into seven treatments in a CRD with four replicates and four birds/replicate. Treatments were the same as in the first experiment. Nutrient digestibility was evaluated in an experimental period of seven days. Differences were found in the metabolism coefficient of ether extract (MCEE). Dietary inclusion of enzyme complexes improves the AFW and WG of chickens from1 to 7 days of age and MCEE in the grower phase.

Foram realizados dois experimentos com o objetivo de avaliar o efeito da adição "on top" de diferentes complexos enzimáticos, enzima α-galactosidade e três fontes de enzima fitase disponíveis no mercado em dietas para frangos de corte. No primeiro experimento 1260 pintos Cobb 500® com um dia de idade foram distribuídos em delineamento inteiramente casualizado (DIC), sete tratamentos, seis repetições e 30 aves/repetição. Tratamentos consistiram na associação de diferentes complexos enzimáticos: complexo A (fitase, protease, xilanase, ß-glucanase, celulase, amilase, pectinase); complexo B (protease e celulase); e complexo C (xilanase, amilase e protease); α-galactosidase isolada (GAL); e três fontes de fitase (F1, F2 e F3) nas rações. Em que: T1 - ração basal (RB); T2 - RB + complexo enzimático A + complexo enzimático B (RBAB); T3 - RBAB + GAL; T4 - RB + complexo A + GAL; T5 - RB + complexo C + F1 + GAL (RBCG); T6 - RBCG+F2; T7 - RBCG + F3. O período experimental foi de 42 dias. Avaliaram-se: consumo de ração (CR), ganho de peso (GP), peso médio final (PMF), conversão alimentar (CA), e rendimento de carcaça. Foram observadas diferenças significativas para PMF, GP e CA na fase pré-inicial. No segundo experimento 112 pintos Cobb 500® com 25 dias de idade foram distribuídos em DIC, sete tratamentos, quatro repetições e quatro aves/repetição. Os tratamentos foram os mesmos do primeiro experimento. O período experimental foi de sete dias, avaliou-se a digestibilidade dos nutrientes. Foram observadas diferenças para coeficiente de metabolizabilidade do extrato etéreo (CMEE). A inclusão de complexos enzimáticos nas rações melhora o PMF e GP de frangos de 1 a 7 dias de idade e o CMEE na fase de crescimento.

Use of different combinations of enzyme complexes in broiler diets / Utilização de diferentes combinações de complexos enzimáticos em rações para frangos de corte

Two experiments were carried out to investigate the effect of "on top" addition of different enzyme complexes, the enzyme α-galactosidase and three sources of the enzyme phytase available on the market, in broiler diets. In the first experiment, 1260 one-day-old Cobb 500® chicks were distributed into seven treatments in a completely randomized design (CRD) with six replicates and 30 birds/replicate. Treatments consisted of combinations of different enzyme complexes, namely, complex A (phytase, protease, xylanase, ß-glucanase, cellulase, amylase, pectinase), complex B (protease and cellulase) and complex C (xylanase, amylase and protease); isolated α-galactosidase (GAL); and three sources of phytase (P1, P2 and P3) in the diet. The treatments were formulated as follows: T1 - basal diet (BD); T2 - BD + enzyme complex A + enzyme complex B (BDAB); T3 - BDAB + GAL; T4 - BD + complex A + GAL; T5 - BD + complex C + P1 + GAL (BDCG); T6- BDCG + P2; and T7 - BDCG + P3. The following variables were measured in the experimental period of 42 days: feed intake (FI), weight gain (WG), average final weight (AFW), feed conversion (FC), and carcass yield. Significant differences occurred for AFW, WG and FC in the pre-starter phase. In the second experiment,112 Cobb 500® chicks aged 25 days were distributed into seven treatments in a CRD with four replicates and four birds/replicate. Treatments were the same as in the first experiment. Nutrient digestibility was evaluated in an experimental period of seven days. Differences were found in the metabolism coefficient of ether extract (MCEE). Dietary inclusion of enzyme complexes improves the AFW and WG of chickens from1 to 7 days of age and MCEE in the grower phase.(AU)

Foram realizados dois experimentos com o objetivo de avaliar o efeito da adição "on top" de diferentes complexos enzimáticos, enzima α-galactosidade e três fontes de enzima fitase disponíveis no mercado em dietas para frangos de corte. No primeiro experimento 1260 pintos Cobb 500® com um dia de idade foram distribuídos em delineamento inteiramente casualizado (DIC), sete tratamentos, seis repetições e 30 aves/repetição. Tratamentos consistiram na associação de diferentes complexos enzimáticos: complexo A (fitase, protease, xilanase, ß-glucanase, celulase, amilase, pectinase); complexo B (protease e celulase); e complexo C (xilanase, amilase e protease); α-galactosidase isolada (GAL); e três fontes de fitase (F1, F2 e F3) nas rações. Em que: T1 - ração basal (RB); T2 - RB + complexo enzimático A + complexo enzimático B (RBAB); T3 - RBAB + GAL; T4 - RB + complexo A + GAL; T5 - RB + complexo C + F1 + GAL (RBCG); T6 - RBCG+F2; T7 - RBCG + F3. O período experimental foi de 42 dias. Avaliaram-se: consumo de ração (CR), ganho de peso (GP), peso médio final (PMF), conversão alimentar (CA), e rendimento de carcaça. Foram observadas diferenças significativas para PMF, GP e CA na fase pré-inicial. No segundo experimento 112 pintos Cobb 500® com 25 dias de idade foram distribuídos em DIC, sete tratamentos, quatro repetições e quatro aves/repetição. Os tratamentos foram os mesmos do primeiro experimento. O período experimental foi de sete dias, avaliou-se a digestibilidade dos nutrientes. Foram observadas diferenças para coeficiente de metabolizabilidade do extrato etéreo (CMEE). A inclusão de complexos enzimáticos nas rações melhora o PMF e GP de frangos de 1 a 7 dias de idade e o CMEE na fase de crescimento.(AU)