Morphometric and vascular analyses and MMP-2 expression in bladders of animals with bovine enzootic haematuria

Background: Bovine enzootic haematuria is a chronic, non-infectious disease caused by the ingestion of bracken Pteridiumaquilinum that contain ptaquiloside, substance responsible for the development of neoplasms in combination with bovinepapillomavirus infection. Studies examining metalloproteinases have shown that these enzymes may be useful as prognosticmarkers and many studies have correlated the intratumoural microvessel density and incidence of metastasis in a varietyof cancers, including bladder cancer. This study aimed to evaluate the urothelial morphology and vasculature and quantifythe expression of the enzyme metalloproteinase-2 in the bladder lesions of bovine with enzootic haematuria.Materials, Methods & Results: Forty bladders with macroscopic lesions were subjected to routine histological processing. The material was stained using the Hematoxylin-Eosin (HE) and Weigert’s resorcin-fuchsin staining methods. Themorphometric analysis included the measurement of the total thickness of the urothelium. Microscopically, the lesionswere differentiated as neoplastic or non-neoplastic, and the vascular changes were characterised as vascular proliferation,ectasia, dilation and thickening and the material stained using the Weigert’s resorcin-fuchsin method was used to evaluatesclerosis and the vascular fibroelastosis. The metalloproteinase expression was evaluated using an anti-metalloproteinase-2antibody. The main non-neoplastic lesions found in the urothelium included clear cell metaplasia, dysplasia, hyperplasia,haemorrhage, cystitis cystica and Brunn’s nests and the neoplastic lesions were haemangioma, myxoma, transitional cellcarcinoma, adenocarcinoma, in situ carcinoma and haemangiosarcoma. The urothelium measurements revealed differencesbetween the epithelial thicknesses of bladders with and without neoplasms. The bladder vasculature evaluation revealed...

Morphometric and vascular analyses and MMP-2 expression in bladders of animals with bovine enzootic haematuria

Background: Bovine enzootic haematuria is a chronic, non-infectious disease caused by the ingestion of bracken Pteridiumaquilinum that contain ptaquiloside, substance responsible for the development of neoplasms in combination with bovinepapillomavirus infection. Studies examining metalloproteinases have shown that these enzymes may be useful as prognosticmarkers and many studies have correlated the intratumoural microvessel density and incidence of metastasis in a varietyof cancers, including bladder cancer. This study aimed to evaluate the urothelial morphology and vasculature and quantifythe expression of the enzyme metalloproteinase-2 in the bladder lesions of bovine with enzootic haematuria.Materials, Methods & Results: Forty bladders with macroscopic lesions were subjected to routine histological processing. The material was stained using the Hematoxylin-Eosin (HE) and Weigerts resorcin-fuchsin staining methods. Themorphometric analysis included the measurement of the total thickness of the urothelium. Microscopically, the lesionswere differentiated as neoplastic or non-neoplastic, and the vascular changes were characterised as vascular proliferation,ectasia, dilation and thickening and the material stained using the Weigerts resorcin-fuchsin method was used to evaluatesclerosis and the vascular fibroelastosis. The metalloproteinase expression was evaluated using an anti-metalloproteinase-2antibody. The main non-neoplastic lesions found in the urothelium included clear cell metaplasia, dysplasia, hyperplasia,haemorrhage, cystitis cystica and Brunns nests and the neoplastic lesions were haemangioma, myxoma, transitional cellcarcinoma, adenocarcinoma, in situ carcinoma and haemangiosarcoma. The urothelium measurements revealed differencesbetween the epithelial thicknesses of bladders with and without neoplasms. The bladder vasculature evaluation revealed...(AU)

Cardiac fibroelastosis associated with thromboembolism and paresis in a cat: case report

A two-year-old, male, non-castrated cat was referred to the veterinary hospital with a three-month history of paresis of the pelvic limbs. Clinical examination revealed a discreet muffling of cardiac sounds and the presence of a degree III/VI holosystolic murmur. The animal was hospitalized and died of cardiorespiratory arrest. The heart had a thickened left ventricular endocardium characterized by the deposition of a fibrous white matter that was firmly adhered to the endocardium and also observed on the epicardium. Renal infarctions and thrombi in the atrium and bifurcation of the aorta were found. Microscopically, in the endocardium of the left ventricular chamber there was a diffuse and disorganized deposition of fibrous connective tissue filled with elastic fibers of varying thickness. In the left ventricular epicardium, the same lesion was observed, but with less extension. Clinical and anatomopathological findings were consistent with primary left ventricular endocardial and left ventricular epicardial fibroelastosis with secondary left ventricular congestive heart failure, thromboembolism and paresis.

Cardiac fibroelastosis associated with thromboembolism and paresis in a cat: case report

A two-year-old, male, non-castrated cat was referred to the veterinary hospital with a three-month history of paresis of the pelvic limbs. Clinical examination revealed a discreet muffling of cardiac sounds and the presence of a degree III/VI holosystolic murmur. The animal was hospitalized and died of cardiorespiratory arrest. The heart had a thickened left ventricular endocardium characterized by the deposition of a fibrous white matter that was firmly adhered to the endocardium and also observed on the epicardium. Renal infarctions and thrombi in the atrium and bifurcation of the aorta were found. Microscopically, in the endocardium of the left ventricular chamber there was a diffuse and disorganized deposition of fibrous connective tissue filled with elastic fibers of varying thickness. In the left ventricular epicardium, the same lesion was observed, but with less extension. Clinical and anatomopathological findings were consistent with primary left ventricular endocardial and left ventricular epicardial fibroelastosis with secondary left ventricular congestive heart failure, thromboembolism and paresis.(AU)

Alterações congênitas do coração e dos grandes vasos em cães

ABSTRACT: Congenital alterations of the heart and large vessels (CAHLV) are defined as morphological defects associated with birth and are the most frequent congenital anomalies of domestic animals. The aim of this study was to determine the frequency of CAHLV in dogs in Rio Grande do Sul, with emphasis in the Metropolitan Region of Porto Alegre, from January 2000 to December 2016. Of the 7,903 necropsied dogs, 27 died spontaneously or were submitted to euthanasia due to CAHLV, representing 0.3% of the cases. In 11.1% of the dogs, there were two congenital disorders in the heart or in the great vessels, totaling 30 changes. The age of affected dogs ranged from one day to 12 years, with the median age of four months. In 81.5% it affected dogs with breed, and 18.5%, without breed defined. In 51.8% were males, and 48.2%, females. Subaortic stenosis was the most frequent alteration, followed by atrial septal defect, persistent right aortic arch, patent ductus arteriosus, pulmonic stenosis, ventricular septal defect, and endocardial fibroelastosis. Of the multiple cases, the combinations found were: patent ductus arteriosus associated with atrial septal defect, subaortic stenosis with ventricular septal defect, and atrial and ventricular septal defect.

RESUMO: As alterações congênitas do coração e dos grandes vasos (ACCGV) são definidas como defeitos morfológicos associados ao nascimento e são as anomalias congênitas mais frequentes dos animais domésticos. O objetivo deste trabalho foi determinar a frequência de diagnósticos de ACCGV em cães no Rio Grande do Sul, com ênfase na Região Metropolitana de Porto Alegre, no período de janeiro de 2000 a dezembro de 2016. Do total de 7.903 necropsias de cães, 27 morreram espontaneamente ou foram submetidos à eutanásia devido às ACCGV, representando 0,3% dos casos. Em 11,1% dos cães apresentaram dois distúrbios congênitos no coração ou nos grandes vasos, totalizando 30 alterações. A idade variou de um dia a 12 anos, com a idade mediana de quatro meses. Em 81,5% acometeu cães com raça, e 18,5% sem raça definida. Em relação ao sexo, 51,8% dos cães eram machos e 48,2%, fêmeas. Estenose subaórtica foi a alteração mais frequente, seguido por defeito do septo atrial, persistência do arco aórtico direito, persistência do ducto arterioso, estenose pulmonar e defeito do septo interventricular, e fibroelastose endocárdica. Dos casos múltiplos, as combinações encontradas foram: persistência do ducto arterioso associado com defeito do septo atrial, estenose subaórtica com defeito do septo interventricular, e defeito do septo atrial e ventricular.

Alterações congênitas do coração e dos grandes vasos em cães / Congenital abnormalities of the heart and large vessels of dogs

As alterações congênitas do coração e dos grandes vasos (ACCGV) são definidas como defeitos morfológicos associados ao nascimento e são as anomalias congênitas mais frequentes dos animais domésticos. O objetivo deste trabalho foi determinar a frequência de diagnósticos de ACCGV em cães no Rio Grande do Sul, com ênfase na Região Metropolitana de Porto Alegre, no período de janeiro de 2000 a dezembro de 2016. Do total de 7.903 necropsias de cães, 27 morreram espontaneamente ou foram submetidos à eutanásia devido às ACCGV, representando 0,3% dos casos. Em 11,1% dos cães apresentaram dois distúrbios congênitos no coração ou nos grandes vasos, totalizando 30 alterações. A idade variou de um dia a 12 anos, com a idade mediana de quatro meses. Em 81,5% acometeu cães com raça, e 18,5% sem raça definida. Em relação ao sexo, 51,8% dos cães eram machos e 48,2%, fêmeas. Estenose subaórtica foi a alteração mais frequente, seguido por defeito do septo atrial, persistência do arco aórtico direito, persistência do ducto arterioso, estenose pulmonar e defeito do septo interventricular, e fibroelastose endocárdica. Dos casos múltiplos, as combinações encontradas foram: persistência do ducto arterioso associado com defeito do septo atrial, estenose subaórtica com defeito do septo interventricular, e defeito do septo atrial e ventricular.(AU)

Congenital alterations of the heart and large vessels (CAHLV) are defined as morphological defects associated with birth and are the most frequent congenital anomalies of domestic animals. The aim of this study was to determine the frequency of CAHLV in dogs in Rio Grande do Sul, with emphasis in the Metropolitan Region of Porto Alegre, from January 2000 to December 2016. Of the 7,903 necropsied dogs, 27 died spontaneously or were submitted to euthanasia due to CAHLV, representing 0.3% of the cases. In 11.1% of the dogs, there were two congenital disorders in the heart or in the great vessels, totaling 30 changes. The age of affected dogs ranged from one day to 12 years, with the median age of four months. In 81.5% it affected dogs with breed, and 18.5%, without breed defined. In 51.8% were males, and 48.2%, females. Subaortic stenosis was the most frequent alteration, followed by atrial septal defect, persistent right aortic arch, patent ductus arteriosus, pulmonic stenosis, ventricular septal defect, and endocardial fibroelastosis. Of the multiple cases, the combinations found were: patent ductus arteriosus associated with atrial septal defect, subaortic stenosis with ventricular septal defect, and atrial and ventricular septal defect.(AU)

Alterações congênitas do coração e dos grandes vasos em cães / Congenital abnormalities of the heart and large vessels of dogs

As alterações congênitas do coração e dos grandes vasos (ACCGV) são definidas como defeitos morfológicos associados ao nascimento e são as anomalias congênitas mais frequentes dos animais domésticos. O objetivo deste trabalho foi determinar a frequência de diagnósticos de ACCGV em cães no Rio Grande do Sul, com ênfase na Região Metropolitana de Porto Alegre, no período de janeiro de 2000 a dezembro de 2016. Do total de 7.903 necropsias de cães, 27 morreram espontaneamente ou foram submetidos à eutanásia devido às ACCGV, representando 0,3% dos casos. Em 11,1% dos cães apresentaram dois distúrbios congênitos no coração ou nos grandes vasos, totalizando 30 alterações. A idade variou de um dia a 12 anos, com a idade mediana de quatro meses. Em 81,5% acometeu cães com raça, e 18,5% sem raça definida. Em relação ao sexo, 51,8% dos cães eram machos e 48,2%, fêmeas. Estenose subaórtica foi a alteração mais frequente, seguido por defeito do septo atrial, persistência do arco aórtico direito, persistência do ducto arterioso, estenose pulmonar e defeito do septo interventricular, e fibroelastose endocárdica. Dos casos múltiplos, as combinações encontradas foram: persistência do ducto arterioso associado com defeito do septo atrial, estenose subaórtica com defeito do septo interventricular, e defeito do septo atrial e ventricular.(AU)

Congenital alterations of the heart and large vessels (CAHLV) are defined as morphological defects associated with birth and are the most frequent congenital anomalies of domestic animals. The aim of this study was to determine the frequency of CAHLV in dogs in Rio Grande do Sul, with emphasis in the Metropolitan Region of Porto Alegre, from January 2000 to December 2016. Of the 7,903 necropsied dogs, 27 died spontaneously or were submitted to euthanasia due to CAHLV, representing 0.3% of the cases. In 11.1% of the dogs, there were two congenital disorders in the heart or in the great vessels, totaling 30 changes. The age of affected dogs ranged from one day to 12 years, with the median age of four months. In 81.5% it affected dogs with breed, and 18.5%, without breed defined. In 51.8% were males, and 48.2%, females. Subaortic stenosis was the most frequent alteration, followed by atrial septal defect, persistent right aortic arch, patent ductus arteriosus, pulmonic stenosis, ventricular septal defect, and endocardial fibroelastosis. Of the multiple cases, the combinations found were: patent ductus arteriosus associated with atrial septal defect, subaortic stenosis with ventricular septal defect, and atrial and ventricular septal defect.(AU)

Total congenital atrioventricular blockage in a patient with endocardial fibroplastosis and the persistence of arterial duct. Diagnosis in utero / Bloqueio auriculo-ventricular total congênito em indivíduo com fibroplastose endocardiaca e persistência do conduto arterial

The authors present the case of a rare association of several congenital heart malformations: a complete A-V block, an endocardial fibroelastosis and a patent ductus arteriosus. The complete atrioventricular block had been suspected during pregnancy by the low heart rate of the fetus. It was confirmed on the first day of life with electrocardiogram. The heart rate was extremely low, with a ventricular rate of 25 beats per minute. Endocardial fibroelastosis was confirmed by the macro and microscopical examination. Both ventricles and the left auricle were involved. It was more marked on the left ventricle. The size of the heart was four times the normal size; its weight was lightly increased. The myocardium of the left ventricle was twice as thick as normal and its endocardium ten times as thick as normal. The ductus arteriosus was patent. The child was born prematurely and lived 36 days. She died as a result of extreme dehydration.

Os autores descrevem a associação rara de vários defeitos congênitos do coração: bloqueio auriculoventricular total, fibroelastose endocárdica e persistência do conduto arterial. Suspeitou-se de bloqueio auriculoventricular total, durante a gestação, pela baixa frequência cardíaca do foco fetal. Confirmou-se o bloqueio, no primeiro dia de vida, pelo eletrocardiograma. A frequência ventricular, nesta ocasião, foi extremamente baixa, 25 pulsações por minuto. Confirmou-se a fibroelastose endocárdica pelo exame necrótico macro e microscópico, havendo envolvimento dos dois ventrículos e da aurícula esquerda, sendo mais intenso no ventrículo esquerdo. O tamanho do coração era cerca de 4 vezes o tamanho normal, com ligeiro aumento de peso. O miocárdio do ventrículo esquerdo era 2 vezes mais espesso, e o endocárdio cerca de 10 vezes mais espesso que o normal. O conduto arterial era patente. A criança, prematura, viveu 36 dias e faleceu com quadro de desidratação.

Total congenital atrioventricular blockage in a patient with endocardial fibroplastosis and the persistence of arterial duct. Diagnosis in utero. / Bloqueio auriculo-ventricular total congênito em indivíduo com fibroplastose endocardiaca e persistência do conduto arterial

The authors present the case of a rare association of several congenital heart malformations: a complete A-V block, an endocardial fibroelastosis and a patent ductus arteriosus. The complete atrioventricular block had been suspected during pregnancy by the low heart rate of the fetus. It was confirmed on the first day of life with electrocardiogram. The heart rate was extremely low, with a ventricular rate of 25 beats per minute. Endocardial fibroelastosis was confirmed by the macro and microscopical examination. Both ventricles and the left auricle were involved. It was more marked on the left ventricle. The size of the heart was four times the normal size; its weight was lightly increased. The myocardium of the left ventricle was twice as thick as normal and its endocardium ten times as thick as normal. The ductus arteriosus was patent. The child was born prematurely and lived 36 days. She died as a result of extreme dehydration.

Os autores descrevem a associação rara de vários defeitos congênitos do coração: bloqueio auriculoventricular total, fibroelastose endocárdica e persistência do conduto arterial. Suspeitou-se de bloqueio auriculoventricular total, durante a gestação, pela baixa frequência cardíaca do foco fetal. Confirmou-se o bloqueio, no primeiro dia de vida, pelo eletrocardiograma. A frequência ventricular, nesta ocasião, foi extremamente baixa, 25 pulsações por minuto. Confirmou-se a fibroelastose endocárdica pelo exame necrótico macro e microscópico, havendo envolvimento dos dois ventrículos e da aurícula esquerda, sendo mais intenso no ventrículo esquerdo. O tamanho do coração era cerca de 4 vezes o tamanho normal, com ligeiro aumento de peso. O miocárdio do ventrículo esquerdo era 2 vezes mais espesso, e o endocárdio cerca de 10 vezes mais espesso que o normal. O conduto arterial era patente. A criança, prematura, viveu 36 dias e faleceu com quadro de desidratação.

Avaliação da expressão de metaloproteinases, TIMP-1 e da esclerose vascular nas endometrites crônicas das éguas

A endometrite é a principal causa de subfertilidade em éguas sendo o processo fibrótico fator limitante no desempenho reprodutivo nesta espécie. Este trabalho teve por objetivos avaliar o colágeno presente nas endometrites crônicas das éguas, a expressão das enzimas que degradam o colágeno e de seus inibidores e as alterações vasculares. 82 biópsias uterinas recebidas na FMVZ, UNESP, Botucatu, SP foram classificadas histologicamente e a fibrose foi avaliada pelos métodos de tricrômico de Masson e picrosirius red. A avaliação vascular foi feita pelo VVG. Verificou-se a expressão das enzimas MMP-1, MMP-2, MMP-7, MMP-9 e TIMP-1 por método imunoistoquímico. A quantidade de colágeno na fibrose endometrial foi maior nas regiões periglandulares, perivasculares e no estrato esponjoso, predominando o colágeno tipo I. Quanto maior o grau de endometrite mais acentuada era a esclerose vascular e a fibroelastose. Não houve diferença na expressão das MMP-1, MMP-2, MMP-7, MMP-9 e TIMP-1 entre éguas normais e com endometrites. Porém houve diferença em relação à intensidade de marcação notando-se que esta aumentava em determinadas regiões do endométrio. As MMPs e o TIMP-1 estão envolvidos nos processos fibróticos endometriais das éguas uma vez que estas enzimas variam em expressão e intensidade de reação conforme o grau de endometrite

Endometritis is the main cause of mare subfertility and the associated uterine fibrotic process is a limitant factor for the reproductive performance. The aim of this work was to evaluate the collagen distribution and type, the enzymes that are responsible for collagen degradation and its inhibitors, and vascular changes in the endometrium of normal and chronic endometritis carrying mares. So a prospective and comparative study was conducted at Veterinary Hospital of Veterinary College UNESP, Botucatu-SP. Eighty-two uterine biopsy were histologically classified in paraffin sections stained with hematoxylin and eosin, Masson's Trichrome and Verhoeff van Gieson (VVG) stains examined under the light microscope. Picrosirius red polarization was also used for collagen evaluation. The MMP-1, MMP-2, MMP-7, MMP-9, and TIMP-1 expressions was obtained by immunohistochemichal method. The collagen concentration in fibrotic endometrium was higher at periglandular, perivascular and stratum spongiosum regions with collagen type I predominance. In the most severe endometritis had more advanced grades of vascular sclerosis and fibroelastosis. No difference was found in MMP-1, MMP-2, MMP-7, MMP-9, and TIMP-1 expressions between normal and chronic endometritis samples, but the immunohistochemical reaction was more intense in some regions of fibrotic endometrium. In conclusion, the MMPs and TIMP-1 showed variation in expression and reaction intensity in the normal and chronic affected endometrium and may plays a hole in the endometrial fibrotic process