Comparison of McMaster and Mini-FLOTAC techniques for the diagnosis of internal parasites in pigs / Comparação entre as técnicas de McMaster e Mini-FLOTAC para o diagnóstico de parasitos gastrointestinais de suínos

This purpose of this study was to compare the efficiency of the McMaster and Mini-FLOTAC quantitative techniques in the investigation of helminths in feces of pigs. An analysis was made of 74 fecal samples from pigs raised on family farms located in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. These were analyzed by the Mini-FLOTAC and McMaster techniques in a solution of 1,200g/mL NaCl. This investigation revealed a superiority in the frequency of all helminths detected by Mini-FLOTAC, including Ascaris suum, Trichuris suis, strongyles and Strongyloides ransomi. The Kappa index revealed substantial agreement in all comparisons made in relation to the frequency of positive samples. However, significant statistical differences in the comparison of EPGs between McMaster and Mini-FLOTAC were observed for all nematodes (p ≤0.05). Higher values of Pearson's linear correlation coefficient (r), between the techniques in relation to EPG were observed for A. suum and T. suis, differently from what was observed for strongyles and S. ransomi. Mini-FLOTAC proved to be a more satisfactory and reliable technique both for the diagnosis of parasites and for the determination of EPG in pig feces due to the larger size of its counting chambers, thus increasing the helminth egg recovery rates.(AU)

Este estudo objetivou comparar a eficiência das técnicas quantitativas de McMaster e Mini-FLOTAC para a pesquisa de helmintos em fezes de suínos. Foram analisadas 74 amostras fecais de suínos mantidos em propriedades familiares, localizadas no Rio de Janeiro, Brasil. Estas foram analisadas pelas técnicas de Mini-FLOTAC e McMaster com solução de NaCl 1.200g/mL. Pode-se verificar uma superioridade na frequência de todos os helmintos detectados por meio do Mini-FLOTAC, incluindo-se Ascaris suum, Trichuris suis, estrongilídeos e Strongyloides ransomi. O índice Kappa mostrou uma concordância substancial em todas as comparações realizadas, em relação à frequência de amostras positivas. Entretanto, diferenças estatísticas significativas na comparação do OPG entre McMaster e Mini-FLOTAC foram observadas para todos os nematoides (p ≤0.05). Elevados valores do coeficiente de correlação de Pearson foram observados entre as técnicas, em relação ao OPG para A. suum e T. suis, diferentemente do evidenciado para estrôngilos e S. ransomi. Mini-FLOTAC mostrou-se uma técnica mais satisfatória e confiável, tanto para o diagnóstico de parasitos quanto para a determinação do OPG em fezes de suínos, devido ao maior tamanho das suas câmaras de contagem, situação que acaba aumentando a eficiência da recuperação dos ovos dos helmintos.(AU)

Daily Egg-Cycle in Japanese Quail: Serum Biochemistry, Bones, and Oviduct Changes

This study described changes in the serum biochemistry, morphology of genital organs, long bone, and eggshell during the daily egg formation cycle in Japanese quails. Sixty quails (18-wk) were distributed in 6 groups according to hours post-oviposition (POV): 0 hr POV (16h00), 2 hrs POV (egg in magnum), and 4, 8, 14, and 20 hrs POV (egg in uterus). The magnum had higher relative weight before the next ovulation (20 and 0 hr POV), and its tubular glands showed functional variation through periods: abundant eosinophilic, PAS+, and negative Alcian blue secretion at 0 and 2 hrs, empty glands aspect at 4 hrs, and filled again at 20 hrs POV. Serum albumin and total Ca had the highest value in the 2 hrs group, and the lowest in 8 and 14 hrs groups. Egg-cycle period affected the Ca% of the medullar bone of the femur and tibiotarsus, with the lowest mean at 14 hrs POV (06h00), and the highest mean after oviposition (0 hr POV), showing the recovery of Ca stores in long bones for the next egg cycle. Analysis of the eggshell using scanning electron microscopy evidenced that palisade layer formation starts during the night (8­14 hrs POV), and most parts are secreted during the day period. In conclusion, eggshell secretion in light periods, high magnum activity and medullary bone Ca deposition during midday and afternoon, as well as the ovulation/oviposition in the afternoon, are the main characteristics of the distinct physiological aspects of the egg cycle in quails.(AU)

Effect of ascorbic acid and epidermal growth factor in a rat tibia defect

Purpose: Bone repair aims to restore the anatomical, biomechanical, and functional integrity of the affected structure. Here we study the effects of ascorbic acid (AA) and epidermal growth factor (EGF) applied in a single dose and in combination on the repair of a noncritical bone defect model. Methods: Twenty-four rats were divided into four groups: an intact G-1 control group, and three groups that underwent a noncritical bone defect in the right tibia: G-2 treated with AA, G-3 treated with EGF, and G-4 treated with AA in combination with EGF. After 21 days of treatment, rats were sacrificed, the tibias were dissected and a destructive biomechanical analysis of three-point flexion test was performed in a universal testing machine; the values of stiffness, resistance, maximum energy, and energy at maximum load were statistically compared. Results: G-3 and G-4 recovered the biomechanical properties of strength and stiffness of an intact tibia 3 weeks after their application. Not so the energy and energy at maximum load. For G-2, only the stiffness of an intact tibia was recovered. Conclusion: EGF and AA-EGF applied to a noncritical bone defect in the rat tibia favors the recovery of bone resistance and stiffness.

Comparison of three different strategies to treat sciatic nerve regeneration: an experimental study

Purpose: To compare the effect of vein conduit filled with adipose tissue stem cells (ASC) on peripheral nerve injury regeneration. Methods: We analyzed 30 male Wistar rats surgically submitted to a 5-mm gap on the sciatic nerve. Then, the animals were divided into three groups: nerve autografting (AG, n=10), autogenous inverted glycerol-conserved vein (VG, n=10), and autogenous inverted glycerol-conserved vein + ASC (VASCG, n=10). The study endpoints were neuromotor functional analysis, gastrocnemius muscle weight, and sciatic nerve graft histomorphometry analysis. In the histologic analysis, we added a control group (naïve nerve). Results: Regarding functional analysis (Walking tract- score), the findings at week 3 showed a difference between the AG and the VG (-96.6 vs. -59.6, p=0.01, respectively) and between the VG and the inverted vein + VASCG (-59.9 vs. -88.92, p=0.02). At week 12, this study showed a difference between the AG and the VG (-64.8 vs. -47.3, p=0.004, respectively), and also a difference between the VG and the VASCG (-47.3 vs. -57.4, p=0.02, respectively). There was no difference in the histomorphometry analysis (nerve diameter, Schwann cells counting). The gastrocnemius muscles on the intervention side were more atrophic when compared to the gastrocnemius muscles on the control side. Conclusions: Our results suggested better functional recovery in the inverted vein group when compared to control group, and inverted vein + ASC group.

Fire effects on Atlantic Forest sites from a composition, structure and functional perspective / Efeitos do fogo na Mata Atlântica por meio de uma abordagem de composição, estrutura e funcional

Recently, some portions of the Atlantic Forest biome have been suffering an increase in forest fires, possibly changing its vegetation cover, composition, structure and functioning. Understanding these changes is critical to evaluate the present and future response of tropical forests to fire. Thus, the purpose of our study was to evaluate how diversity, structure and functioning of tree communities differed between burned and unburned sites. Two unburned and two burned forest patches were selected for floristic and phytosociological surveys. Then, we calculated species richness, Shannon diversity index, tree density and basal area, Importance Value Index for trees in each site and we assessed community weighted mean of six functional traits (maximum tree height, wood density, leaf length, leaf deciduousness, shade tolerance and dispersal mode). Diversity, species richness, tree density and basal area were similar between sites. We found changes in floristic composition, but did not verified variations in functional traits. Results indicate that recovery may be fast and that pioneer and early secondary species are occupying post burned sites (nine years old). One-time anthropogenic, superficial and low intensity fires might disrupt advanced stages of succession and start again the dynamics of species substitution.

Recentemente, algumas regiões do bioma Mata Atlântica têm sofrido com um aumento de incêndios, possivelmente modificando sua cobertura vegetal, composição, estrutura e funcionalidade. Compreender essas mudanças é imprescindível para avaliar as respostas, no presente e futuro, das florestas tropicais ao fogo. Assim, o objetivo do nosso estudo foi avaliar como a diversidade, estrutura e funcionamento das comunidades arbóreas diferem entre áreas queimadas e não queimadas. Dois fragmentos queimados e dois fragmentos não queimados foram selecionados para os levantamentos florísticos e fitossociológicos. Depois, foram calculadas a riqueza de espécies, o Índice de diversidade de Shannon, densidade da árvore e área basal, Índice de valor de importância para as espécies em cada uma das áreas e avaliamos a média de seis características funcionais (altura máxima da árvore, densidade da madeira, comprimento da folha, deciduidade foliar, tolerância a sombra e síndrome de dispersão). Diversidade, riqueza, densidade e área basal foram similares entre as áreas analisadas. Nós encontramos mudanças na composição florística, mas não foram verificadas variações nas características funcionais. Os resultados indicam que a recuperação pode ser rápida e que espécies pioneiras e secundárias iniciais estão ocupando as áreas queimadas cerca de nove anos depois. Um único incêndio antrópico, superficial e de baixa intensidade, pode interromper estágios avançados de sucessão e iniciar a nova dinâmica de substituição de espécies.

Treatment of a malunion of the tibia and fibula in a giant anteater (Myrmecophaga tridactyla) / Tratamento de má união de tíbia e fíbula em tamanduá-bandeira (Myrmecophaga tridactyla)

Vehicle collisions involving giant anteaters contribute significantly to the decline of this population. Although mortality rates at the time of trauma are high, many animals survive despite severe trauma and limb fractures. Treating these individuals is extremely challenging. This report describes the use of a corrective osteotomy to treat an angular deformity caused by inadequate healing of a tibial and fibular fracture in a young giant anteater. The animal was rescued on a highway by the Brazilian Institute for the Environment and Renewable Natural Resources (Ibama). He was presented at the University Veterinary Hospital with lameness of the left pelvic limb and edema in the middle region of the tibial shaft. The radiographic examination showed an exuberant callus and significant bone deviation in the middle third of the left tibia and fibula. Corrective wedge osteotomy and fixation with a 3.5mm locking plate and 2.5mm intramedullary pin were performed. In the immediate postoperative period, there was functional recovery of the limb and complete consolidation of the osteotomy was identified 60 days after the operation. The corrective wedge osteotomy technique was effective for the treatment of inadequate tibial consolidation in a young giant anteater, providing complete recovery of all limb functions.

As colisões de veículos envolvendo tamanduás-bandeira contribuem significativamente para o declínio dessa população. Embora as taxas de mortalidade no momento do trauma sejam altas, muitos animais sobrevivem apesar de traumas graves e fraturas de membros. O tratamento desses indivíduos é extremamente desafiador. Este relato descreve o uso de osteotomia corretiva para tratamento de uma deformidade angular causada por consolidação inadequada de fratura da tíbia e da fíbula em um tamanduá-bandeira jovem. O animal foi resgatado em uma rodovia pelo Instituto Brasileiro do Meio Ambiente e dos Recursos Naturais Renováveis (Ibama). Foi apresentado no Hospital Veterinário Universitário com claudicação do membro pélvico esquerdo e edema na região média da diáfise da tíbia. O exame radiográfico mostrou calo exuberante e importante desvio ósseo em terço médio da tíbia e da fíbula esquerdas. Foi realizada osteotomia corretiva em cunha e fixação com placa bloqueada de 3,5mm e pino intramedular de 2,5mm. No pós-operatório imediato, houve recuperação funcional do membro, e a consolidação total da osteotomia foi identificada aos 60 dias de pós-operatório. A técnica de osteotomia em cunha corretiva foi eficaz para o tratamento de consolidação inadequada de tíbia em um tamanduá-bandeira jovem, proporcionando a recuperação completa de todas as funções do membro.

Focal spinal hyperesthesia as a prognostic factor in paraplegic dogs without deep pain perception / Hiperestesia espinhal focal como fator prognóstico em cães paraplégicos sem percepção de dor profunda

Intervertebral disc extrusion (IVDE) is the most common cause of spinal cord compression in dogs, whose prognosis is variable and depends on several factors, with deep pain perception (DPP) being the main parameter used. Investigations of new prognostic factors are studied to assist in the estimation of functional recovery. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate whether spinal hyperesthesia (SH) at the compression site can be used as a prognostic factor for the functional recovery of dogs with acute IVDE (Hansen type I), without DPP being subjected to thoracolumbar hemilaminectomy. Decompression surgery was performed on the same day or the day after admission. The duration of the loss of DPP until surgery performance ranged from 1 to 60 days, with a median of 4.5 days for the group of dogs with SH and 5.5 days for those without SH. Among the 68 dogs included in this retrospective study, 73.5% (50/68) showed SH, and 26.5% (18/68) were not identified. Recovery was satisfactory in 60% (30/50) of dogs with SH and in 27.7% (5/18) of dogs without SH, demonstrating that paraplegic dogs without DPP but with SH were 3.9 times more likely to recover when compared to dogs in the same condition, but with no SH. No studies have evaluated SH by palpation of the spine as a prognostic factor, which reinforces the relevance of the present study. The results of this study imply that SH in paraplegic dogs affected by thoracolumbar IVDE, without the presence of DPP, can be used as a possible prognostic indicator of functional recovery.

A extrusão do disco intervertebral (EDIV) é a causa mais comum de lesão compressiva na medula espinhal de cães, cujo prognóstico é variável e depende de diversos fatores, sendo a percepção de dor profunda (PDP) o principal parâmetro utilizado. Pesquisas de novos fatores prognósticos são estudados com intuito de auxiliar na estimativa mais precisa de recuperação funcional. Com isso, o objetivo do estudo foi avaliar se a hiperestesia espinhal (HE) no local da compressão, pode ser utilizada como um fator prognóstico para recuperação funcional de cães com extrusão aguda do disco intervertebral (Hansen tipo I), sem a presença de PDP submetidos a hemilaminectomia toracolombar. A cirurgia descompressiva ocorreu no mesmo dia ou no dia seguinte ao atendimento. A duração da perda de dor profunda até a realização da cirurgia variou de 1 a 60 dias, com uma mediana de 4,5 dias para o grupo de cães com e 5,5 dias para aqueles sem hiperestesia espinhal. Dos 68 cães incluídos nesse estudo retrospectivo, 73,5% (50/68) apresentavam HE e, em 26,5% (18/68) a dor não foi identificada. A recuperação foi satisfatória nos cães com HE em 60% (30/50) e, sem HE, em 27,7% (5/18) dos casos, demonstrando que os cães paraplégicos sem PDP, mas com presença de hiperestesia espinhal tem 3,9 vezes mais chances de recuperação quando comparado com cães na mesma condição, mas sem HE. Não foram encontrados trabalhos que avaliaram a HE mediante a palpação da coluna vertebral como um fator prognóstico, o que reforça a relevância do presente estudo. Os resultados do presente trabalho sugerem que a HE em cães paraplégicos acometidos por EDIV toracolombar sem presença de PDP pode ser utilizada como um possível indicador prognóstico de recuperação funcional.

Hydronephrosis in a bitch with ovarian remnant syndrome - postsurgical complications

Background: Elective ovariohysterectomy (OH) is minimally invasive, but when performed incorrectly, it can lead to postsurgical complications, such as stump pyometra, ovarian remnant syndrome and foci of adhesion generated by tissue reactions to threads and materials used in vessel hemostasis. The formation of adhesions and successive surgeries predisposes patients to other diseases, such as ureteral obstruction and hydronephrosis. Thus, we reported a case of hydronephrosis in a bitch submitted to conventional OH, followed by ovariectomy (OV) due to ovarian remnant syndrome and consequent intraperitoneal adhesions caused by successive surgical interventions. Case: A 11-year-old mixed breed medium size bitch with a history of stump pyometra and ovarian remnant syndrome (SOR) was treated at the Veterinary Hospital-HV of UFPA after 2 previous surgeries. It had been spayed using conventional OH and underwent ovariectomy OV approximately 4 years ago, as it showed signs of estrus after the first surgery, characterizing SOR. On physical examination, its abdomen was distended especially in the left hemiabdomen, with no palpable pain. Ultrasonography showed a cavity in the topographic area of the left kidney, with anechoic content, thin walls, and defined contour. There were nonvascularized tubular structures, suggesting hydroureter and severe hydronephrosis. Exploratory celiotomy was performed, showing the intense presence of abdominal adhesions, followed by an incision in the abdominal midline from the xiphoid process in a caudal direction to the pubis, thereby showing the left kidney. After vesical drainage of 900 mL of renal filtrate, atrophy of the renal parenchyma and preservation of the renal capsule was considered, resulting in its complete resection, followed by the synthesis of the abdominal wall. In the postoperative period, the patient was properly monitored and obtained a satisfactory outcome manifested by a complete recovery. After vesical drainage of 900 mL of renal filtrate, atrophy of the renal parenchyma and preservation of the renal capsule only was considered, resulting in its complete resection, followed by the synthesis of the abdominal wall. In the postoperative period, the patient was properly monitored and obtained a satisfactory outcome manifested by a complete recovery. After vesical drainage of 900 mL of renal filtrate, renal parenchymal atrophy and preservation of the renal capsule only was adopted. Discussion: The choice of the conventional OH technique, followed by the failure to perform, favored the formation of adhesions only diagnosed late. Less invasive alternatives achieved less long-term damage. Excessive intracavitary manipulation and reaction to the nylon suture thread favored the development of these adhesions, and consequently, unilateral obstruction of the left ureter, hydroureter, hypertrophy, and destruction of the renal parenchyma, led the patient to undergo a third surgery, namely, unilateral nephrectomy. In this case, no changes were observed in serum levels, leaving only a subtle abdominal enlargement with hydronephrosis installed silently. There was no possibility of carrying out initial surgical planning, as the affected kidney, making unilateral nephrectomy necessary. Currently, the patient has normal renal function in the contralateral organ, with no clinical or laboratory changes because the affected kidney was not functional, making unilateral nephrectomy necessary. Currently, the patient has normal renal function with no clinical or laboratory changes because the affected kidney was not functional, making unilateral nephrectomy necessary. Currently, the patient has normal renal function in the contralateral organ, with no clinical or laboratory changes.

Leveling osteotomy of the tibial plateau at an inverted angle in a dog / Osteotomia de nivelamento do platô tibial em ângulo invertido em um cachorro

One dog, Golden Retriever, 5 months old, was seen complaining of lameness and pain in the left pelvic limb. Avulsion of the tibial crest was diagnosed by radiographic means, which was corrected with a tension band. The absence of postoperative radiographic monitoring and the non-removal of the apparatus led to the early closure of the cranial tibial physis with continuous flow growth, resulting in pain, functional loss of the limb after one year and at a 13.2º tibial plateau angle negative. The biomechanical alteration of the limb was corrected using the inverted TPLO technique, converting the angle of the tibial plateau to 5.3 positive, without a rockback evidenced in 30, 60, 90 days up to four months after the operation. The objective of this case report is to describe the surgical correction with the inverted TPLO technique in a case of angle of the negative tibial plateau secondary to not removing the tension band applied in avulsion of the growing tibial crest. After 120 days, the dog was presented fully recovery and weight-bearing without any complication.

Um cão, Golden Retriever, de 5 meses de idade, foi atendido com queixa de claudicação e dor em membro pélvico esquerdo. Diagnosticou-se por meio radiográfico a avulsão da crista da tíbia, a qual foi corrigida com banda de tensão. A ausência de acompanhamento radiográfico pós-operatório e a não retirada do aparato levou ao fechamento precoce da fise tibial cranial com crescimento contínuo da caudal, resultando em dor, perda funcional do membro após um ano e em um ângulo de platô tibial de 13,2º negativos. A alteração biomecânica do membro foi corrigida por meio da técnica de TPLO invertida, convertendo o ângulo do platô tibial em 5,3º positivos, sem rockback evidenciado em 30, 60, 90 dias até quatro meses de pós-operatório. O objetivo desse relato de caso é descrever a correção cirúrgica com a técnica de TPLO invertida em um caso de ângulo do platô tibial negativo secundário a não retirada de banda de tensão aplicada em avulsão da crista da tíbia em crescimento. Após 120 dias, o paciente apresentou recuperação total com adequado suporte do peso no membro, sem qualquer complicação.

Coral and reef fish community recovery following the 2010 extreme ocean warming event (mass bleaching event) at Thailand

Reef fish play an important role in the community dynamics of coral reefs and maintaining healthy reefs. This study aimed to (1) assess coral recovery at reefs around Racha Yai Island after the 2010 mass coral bleaching event and (2) compare the fish community indices (Shannon diversity, evenness) and fish trophic functional groups between low (Patok Bay) and high (Khonkae Bay) environmental disturbance sites during 2013-2019. The fish surveys and the percent live coral covers from both bays during 2013-2019 were collected using the fish visual census method and a permanent quadrat method along 50-m transect lines. Our results showed that the percentage of live coral cover at both bays increased by 6-8%. At Khonkae Bay, there were 69 reef fish species and 10,684 individual fish belonging to 5 orders, with 27 families and 54 genera observed from 7 orders: Perciformes (91.03%), Tetraodontiformes (5.54%), Syngnathiformes (1.24%), Beloniformes (0.26%), Beryciformes (1.25%), Scorpaeniformes (0.70%), and Aulopiformes (0.06%). Fish community indices at Khonkae Bay increased during 2013-2019 and were composed of species richness (3.65-10.53), the Shannon index (0.65-3.49), and species evenness (0.49-0.91). At Patok Bay, there were 60 reef fish species and 10,362 individual fish belonging to 3 orders, with 22 families and 50 genera observed from 4 orders: Perciformes (93.04%), Tetraodontiformes (5.92%), Syngnathiformes (0.55%), and Anguilliformes (0.53%). Fish community indices at Patok Bay increased during 2014-2019 and were composed of species richness (4.69-8.62), the Shannon index (1.36-3.30), and species evenness (4.92-8.62). Our results suggested that the 2010 mass coral bleaching event had large impacts on both the coral and reef fish community at both low and high environmental disturbance sites with good recovery over nine years.(AU)

Coral and reef fish community recovery following the 2010 extreme ocean warming event (mass bleaching event) at Thailand

Reef fish play an important role in the community dynamics of coral reefs and maintaining healthy reefs. This study aimed to (1) assess coral recovery at reefs around Racha Yai Island after the 2010 mass coral bleaching event and (2) compare the fish community indices (Shannon diversity, evenness) and fish trophic functional groups between low (Patok Bay) and high (Khonkae Bay) environmental disturbance sites during 2013-2019. The fish surveys and the percent live coral covers from both bays during 2013-2019 were collected using the fish visual census method and a permanent quadrat method along 50-m transect lines. Our results showed that the percentage of live coral cover at both bays increased by 6-8%. At Khonkae Bay, there were 69 reef fish species and 10,684 individual fish belonging to 5 orders, with 27 families and 54 genera observed from 7 orders: Perciformes (91.03%), Tetraodontiformes (5.54%), Syngnathiformes (1.24%), Beloniformes (0.26%), Beryciformes (1.25%), Scorpaeniformes (0.70%), and Aulopiformes (0.06%). Fish community indices at Khonkae Bay increased during 2013-2019 and were composed of species richness (3.65-10.53), the Shannon index (0.65-3.49), and species evenness (0.49-0.91). At Patok Bay, there were 60 reef fish species and 10,362 individual fish belonging to 3 orders, with 22 families and 50 genera observed from 4 orders: Perciformes (93.04%), Tetraodontiformes (5.92%), Syngnathiformes (0.55%), and Anguilliformes (0.53%). Fish community indices at Patok Bay increased during 2014-2019 and were composed of species richness (4.69-8.62), the Shannon index (1.36-3.30), and species evenness (4.92-8.62). Our results suggested that the 2010 mass coral bleaching event had large impacts on both the coral and reef fish community at both low and high environmental disturbance sites with good recovery over nine years.

Vitamin and mineral supplementation improves erythrocytic recovery and productive performance of infected by gastrointestinal parasites / A suplementação de vitaminas e minerais melhora a recuperação eritrocítica e o desempenho produtivo de cordeiros infectados por parasitas gastrointestinais

The objective of the present study was to evaluate the effect of a vitamin and mineral complex, associated with the application of an efficient anthelmintic, in parasitized lambs, with characteristic signs of gastrointestinal nematode infection, on hematological clinical parameters of clinical improvementand weight gain. 60 lambs Australian Merino breed, with 8 and 9 months of age, were segregated in four groups: control (no supplemetation); formula 1 (Iron Dextran, Organic Phosphorus, Cyanocobalamin and Vitamin k); formula 2 (Iron Dextran, Organic Phosphorus and Cyanocobalamin); and formula 3 (Vitamin k). Hematocrit, prothrombin time, total plasma proteins, color of the conjunctiva and weight gain were analyzed. The results were submitted to analysis of variance (ANOVA) through the repeated measures test. There was no statistical difference between treatments for the variables of hematocrit (P = 0.564), prothrombin time (P = 0.911) and plasma proteins (P = 0.6), for the conjunctiva color variable there was a difference (P = 0.052 ), with greater results for the groups supplemented with Vitamin K, Butafosfan, Cyanocobalamin and Iron (groups F1 and F3), as well as those same groups reached higher body weight at D35 (P = 0.023). It can be concluded that the administration of vitamin and mineral complex, associated with efficient anthelmintic, promoted a better performance in parasitized lambs.(AU)

O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar o efeito da aplicação de um complexo vitamínico e mineral, aplicado junto com a administração de um anti-helmíntico eficiente, em cordeiros parasitados, com sinais característicos de infecção por nematóide gastrointestinal, sobre os parâmetros clínicos hematológicos de melhora clínica e ganho de peso. Foram utilizados 60 cordeiros da raça Merino Australiano, com 8 e 9 meses de idade, segregados em quatro grupos: controle (não suplementado); fórmula 1 (Ferro Dextrano, Fósforo Orgânico, Cianocobalamina e Vitamina k); fórmula 2 (Ferro Dextrano, Fósforo Orgânico e Cianocobalamina); e fórmula 3 (Vitamina k). Foram analisados hematócrito, tempo de protrombina, proteínas plasmáticas totais (PPT), coloração da conjuntiva e ganho de peso. Os resultados foram submetidos à análise de variância (ANOVA) através do teste de medidas repetidas. Não houve diferença estatísticas entre os tratamentos para as variáveis de hematócrito (P=0,564), tempo de protrombina (P=0,911) e PPT (P=0,6), para a variável de coloração da conjuntiva houve diferença (P=0,052), com resultados superiores para os grupos suplementados com Vitamina K, Butafosfan, Cianocobalamina e Ferro (grupos F1 e F3), assim como esses mesmos grupos atingiram peso vivo no D35 superior (P=0,023). Podendo concluir que a administração de complexo vitamínico e mineral, administrado em conjunto com anti-helmíntico eficiente, promoveu um melhor desempenho em cordeiros parasitados.(AU)

Vitamin and mineral supplementation improves erythrocytic recovery and productive performance of infected by gastrointestinal parasites / A suplementação de vitaminas e minerais melhora a recuperação eritrocítica e o desempenho produtivo de cordeiros infectados por parasitas gastrointestinais

The objective of the present study was to evaluate the effect of a vitamin and mineral complex, associated with the application of an efficient anthelmintic, in parasitized lambs, with characteristic signs of gastrointestinal nematode infection, on hematological clinical parameters of clinical improvementand weight gain. 60 lambs Australian Merino breed, with 8 and 9 months of age, were segregated in four groups: control (no supplemetation); formula 1 (Iron Dextran, Organic Phosphorus, Cyanocobalamin and Vitamin k); formula 2 (Iron Dextran, Organic Phosphorus and Cyanocobalamin); and formula 3 (Vitamin k). Hematocrit, prothrombin time, total plasma proteins, color of the conjunctiva and weight gain were analyzed. The results were submitted to analysis of variance (ANOVA) through the repeated measures test. There was no statistical difference between treatments for the variables of hematocrit (P = 0.564), prothrombin time (P = 0.911) and plasma proteins (P = 0.6), for the conjunctiva color variable there was a difference (P = 0.052 ), with greater results for the groups supplemented with Vitamin K, Butafosfan, Cyanocobalamin and Iron (groups F1 and F3), as well as those same groups reached higher body weight at D35 (P = 0.023). It can be concluded that the administration of vitamin and mineral complex, associated with efficient anthelmintic, promoted a better performance in parasitized lambs.

O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar o efeito da aplicação de um complexo vitamínico e mineral, aplicado junto com a administração de um anti-helmíntico eficiente, em cordeiros parasitados, com sinais característicos de infecção por nematóide gastrointestinal, sobre os parâmetros clínicos hematológicos de melhora clínica e ganho de peso. Foram utilizados 60 cordeiros da raça Merino Australiano, com 8 e 9 meses de idade, segregados em quatro grupos: controle (não suplementado); fórmula 1 (Ferro Dextrano, Fósforo Orgânico, Cianocobalamina e Vitamina k); fórmula 2 (Ferro Dextrano, Fósforo Orgânico e Cianocobalamina); e fórmula 3 (Vitamina k). Foram analisados hematócrito, tempo de protrombina, proteínas plasmáticas totais (PPT), coloração da conjuntiva e ganho de peso. Os resultados foram submetidos à análise de variância (ANOVA) através do teste de medidas repetidas. Não houve diferença estatísticas entre os tratamentos para as variáveis de hematócrito (P=0,564), tempo de protrombina (P=0,911) e PPT (P=0,6), para a variável de coloração da conjuntiva houve diferença (P=0,052), com resultados superiores para os grupos suplementados com Vitamina K, Butafosfan, Cianocobalamina e Ferro (grupos F1 e F3), assim como esses mesmos grupos atingiram peso vivo no D35 superior (P=0,023). Podendo concluir que a administração de complexo vitamínico e mineral, administrado em conjunto com anti-helmíntico eficiente, promoveu um melhor desempenho em cordeiros parasitados.

Relationship between superovulation and embryo production with ovarian follicular population before superovulatory treatment in Brazilian Bergamasca sheep / [Relação da resposta superovulatória e produção embrionária com a população folicular ovariana antes do tratamento superovulatório de ovelhas da raça Bergamácia Brasileira]

The objective of this study was to quantify the superovulatory response and embryo production of Brazilian Bergamasca sheep and to evaluate the link to the follicular condition before superovulatory treatment, as a reference for selection of donors with potential for superovulation. Follicular population of twenty-three sheep was evaluated by ultrasound during metestrus phase of the estrous cycle and divided into groups of low, medium and high follicular population. Subsequently, they were synchronized, superovulated with 133mg of pFSH, mated and subjected to embryo collection. The superovulatory response (9.0±3.3 vs 10.7±6.2 vs 13.8±7.1) and embryo production (4.0±3.8 vs 2.6±2.0 vs 1,8±4.0) were similar between groups (P>0.05). There was a positive correlation between the number of follicles during the metestrus phase and the number of corpus luteum with premature regression (PLR) (0.52) and a negative correlation between the recovery rate and PLR (-0.44) (P<0.05). The sheep that presented PLR had more follicles during metestrus (16.9±7.8 vs 12.7±3.2) and lower embryo recovery rate (38.8±29.3 vs 72.2±29.9) than those with functional CLs (P<0.05). Follicular quantification during metestrus phases was unable to identify donors with high embryo production. Animals with PLR had a larger follicular population during metestrus and lower embryo recovery rate.(AU)

O objetivo deste trabalho foi quantificar a resposta superovulatória e a produção embrionária de ovelhas Bergamácia Brasileira e relacioná-las com a condição folicular antes do tratamento superovulatório, como referência para seleção de doadoras com potencial para superovulação. Vinte e três ovelhas foram avaliadas quanto à população folicular por ultrassonografia na fase de metaestro do ciclo estral e divididas em grupos com baixa, média e alta população folicular. Posteriormente foram sincronizadas, superovuladas com 133mg de pFSH, acasaladas e submetidas à coleta de embriões. A resposta superovulatória (9,0±3,3 vs. 10,7±6,2 vs. 13,8±7,1) e a produção embrionária (4,0±3,8 vs. 2,6±2,0 vs. 1,8±4,0) foram semelhantes entre os grupos (P>0,05). Houve correlação positiva entre o número de folículos no metaestro e o número de corpos lúteos com regressão prematura (RPCL) (0,52) e correlação negativa entre a taxa de recuperação e RPCL (-0,44) (P <0,05). As ovelhas que apresentaram RPCL tiveram mais folículos no metaestro (16,9±7,8 vs. 12,7±3,2) e menor taxa de recuperação embrionária (38,8±29,3 vs. 72,2±29,9) do que as que apresentaram CLs funcionais (P<0,05). A quantificação folicular nas fases de metaestro não foi capaz de identificar doadoras com alto potencial de produção embrionária. Animais com RPCL tiveram maior população folicular no metaestro e menor recuperação de embriões.(AU)

Sinfisiodese púbica juvenil associada à miectomia do pectíneo para tratamento de displasia coxofemoral em cão / Juvenile pubic symphysiodesis associated with pectineus myectomy for treatment of hip dysplasia in dog

Background: Hip dysplasia (HD) is the most common non-traumatic orthopedic disease in large breed dogs. Treatment is chosen according to the severity of the condition, the age of the dog and the involvement of osteoarthritis (OA). For puppies up to 20-weeks-old, surgical treatment by the juvenile pubic symphysiodesis (JPS) technique can be performed. This procedure promotes the ventrolateral rotation of the acetabulum over the femoral head, which improves hip joint congruence and stability. The objective of this study is to report the case of a young dog with HD treated with JPS and pectineus myectomy. Clinical and radiographic outcomes were assessed for up to one year after surgery. Case: A 17-week-old Saint Bernard puppy was attended at the University Veterinary Hospital showing abnormal weight bearing and lameness in pelvic limbs, without history of previous trauma. On orthopedic examination, there was a marked hypotrophy of the pelvic limb muscles, severe pain and laxity in the hip joints, and positive feature in the Ortolani test. The hip joint subluxation angle (SA) and reduction angle (RA) were measured. A radiographic study was carried out to evaluate the hip joints and measure the Norberg angle (NA), distraction index (DI), acetabular angle (AA) and dorsal acetabular rim angle (DARA). The 20-week-old dog underwent surgical treatment by JPS technique. A ventral surgical approach to the pubis was performed and the pubic symphysis was cauterized with electrocautery. Partial pectineus myectomy technique was also performed. Drug therapy and restriction of physical activities were indicated in the early postoperative. The dog was evaluated by clinical and radiographic examinations at 4 months and 1 year after the surgical procedure. In the reassessment after 4 months of surgical treatment, the patient showed improvement in clinical signs, with mild lameness and absence of painful sensitivity in the movement of the hip joints. Radiographically, hip joint incongruity was observed, but with progressive improvement in the values of the measured variables. In the clinical examination 1 year after the procedure, the dog showed satisfactory weight bearing with slight lameness in pelvic limbs in the running gait. There was improvement in the thigh muscles and no painful signs were observed in the hip joints, but a positive result was detected in the Ortolani test. In the radiographic examination, bilateral articular incongruity was still observed, however, there was a mild improvement in the coverage of the acetabulum over the femoral head. The measured angles and indices showed favorable results regarding the recovery of hip joint stability and proper development. Discussion: Studies evaluating the JPS technique for the treatment of HD have shown to be a relatively simple and effective procedure, which allows altering the acetabular coverage, reducing the development of HD and the progression of OA. The need for an early diagnosis of this condition is essential, so that the JPS technique can be used in young dogs and offer effective results. In the present report, in the late postoperative period, the dog showed improvement in clinical signs, with favorable weight bearing and ambulation in pelvic limbs, recovery of limb muscles, absence of pain in the hip joints and decrease in RA and SA. Radiographically, the reduction in joint subluxation, improvement in acetabular coverage over femoral heads, increase in NA and AA, reduction in DI and DARA are evidence of the favorable outcome of ventrolateral rotation of the acetabulum after surgical treatment. The surgical technique used was effective, which enabled the dog to recover the functional use of the pelvic limbs and improve the quality of life.

Facial restoration after trauma - nasolabial in monkey bugio - Alouatta caraya (Humboldt, 1812) - first case report / [Restauração facial pós trauma nasolabial em macaco bugio - Alouatta caraya (Humboldt, 1812) - relato de caso]

In the last decades in the State of Mato Grosso do Sul - Brazil, the reduction in the preservation of areas due to the degradation of the biome and destruction of the natural environment has caused animals, mainly in the order of non-human primates, to come closer to towns and highways, increasing the number of accidents and in some cases, deaths. New surgical techniques have been developed that favor these species as explained in this report. The howler monkey patient was traumatized in the facial region damaging important vital structures such as facial muscle groups responsible for swallowing food, chewing, breathing, defense, and communication (vocalization and mimicry), in addition to the cartilaginous nasal structures. However, reconstructive facial surgical techniques, used on humans, showed satisfactory results from an anatomical, functional, and aesthetic point of view in howler monkey, with acceptance of the animal with a safe postoperative period for a full recovery of the primate patient.(AU)

Nas últimas décadas, no estado do Mato Grosso do Sul - Brasil, a redução de áreas preservadas pela degradação de biomas e pela destruição de habitat naturais tem favorecido a aproximação de animais - muitos desses, primatas não humanos - em cidades e rodovias, aumentando o número de acidentes e, em alguns casos, de mortes. Novas técnicas cirúrgicas têm sido desenvolvidas, favorecendo essas espécies, como reportado neste trabalho. O paciente macaco bugio foi traumatizado em região facial, envolvendo importantes estruturas vitais, como grupos musculares faciais responsáveis pela apreensão alimentar, mastigação, respiração, defesa e comunicação (vocalização e mímicas), além das estruturas cartilaginosas nasais. No entanto, técnicas cirúrgicas reconstrutivas em face aplicadas e descritas em humanos apresentaram resultados satisfatórios dos pontos de vista anatômico, fisiológico e visual nos macacos bugio, com aceitação deles diante do estresse, com pós-operatório seguro, resultando na reabilitação do paciente primata.(AU)

Penectomia em equino com parafimose / Partial penectomy in a horse with paraphimosis

Background: In horses, an increase in the volume of penis and foreskin can be caused by trauma. The resultant edema interferes with the retraction of the penis and cause paraphimosis. Surgical intervention through penectomy is indicated in cases wherein an alternative treatment is not feasible. Partial penectomy can prolong the life and reproductive function of many stallions. The present study aims to report on the methodological, functional, and economic feasibility of a successful case of the use of Williams technique for partial penectomy performed in the field in a horse with paraphimosis, preserving urinary, productive, and reproductive functions. Case: A 10-year-old horse weighing 500 kg had clinical signs of paraphimosis due to the formation of granulomatous tissue following trauma to the glans region. A surgical intervention, namely a partial penectomy was decided to be performed to prevent injury from priapism. Due to the limited resources provided by the owner and the impossibility of moving the animal to a surgical center in a veterinary hospital, the procedure was performed in the field, with prior sanitization and preparation of the environment used to perform surgery. The horse was tranquilized with intravenous xylazine hydrochloride and acepromazine, with subsequent induction of anesthesia with ready-to-use (RTU) guaifenesin bolus and maintenance of anesthesia with an intravenous association of RTU guaifenesin, xylazine hydrochloride, and ketamine. The distal third of the penis was amputated using the recommended Williams technique. Although the complications like dehiscence and emergence of granulation tissue occurred after surgery, these were controlled in the daily follow-up of the animal and post-surgical treatment. Discussion: Paraphimosis predisposed the horse to abrasions and edema of the exposed portion of the penis. However, there was no urine retention, which suggested that the urethral ostium and the urethra had no lesions. Because the granulomatous lesions were located in the distal third of the penis and the extent of penile exposure was small, the partial penectomy technique proved effective in solving the permanent exposure of the penis. The anesthetic protocol used was inexpensive, easy to execute, and effective, and no anesthetic complications occurred, proving this protocol to be efficient for the anesthetic induction of animals in the field. In addition to being reliable and widespread, the Williams technique was recommended to prevent possible urethral stenosis and the development of contact dermatitis by urine. This technique makes a rapid recovery of the animal possible, with improvement of its physiological parameters, and due to ease of being able to be done in the field, it is also inexpensive. The edema and the granulation tissue that occurred after surgery were controlled with medication. In general, post-penectomy animals are not used for reproduction. This makes the present report an important contribution, because in cases in which the lesions present a distal disposition and the penile exposure is small, stallions have a chance of maintaining reproductive function after surgery, even with a long period of evolution before surgical treatment. This was demonstrated in the present case, as the animal in this case later impregnated a mare, with the pregnancy confirmed by ultrasound examination. Partial penectomy is a resolution technique for cases of traumatic paraphimosis, in which exuberant granulation tissue is formed in the distal third of the penis, with a long period of evolution. The surgery can be done in the field, with a low surgical cost to the owner, and a good productive and reproductive prognosis for the animal.

Feasibility of ultrasound-assisted optimized process of high purity rice bran protein extraction / Viabilidade do processo otimizado assistido por ultrassom para extração de proteína de farelo de arroz de alta pureza

Rice bran is a by-product of the rice milling process, found worldwide in abundance and highlighted due its protein content. This study optimized the conditions for ultrasonic-assisted extraction of protein from defatted rice bran (DRB) and characterized the rice bran protein concentrate (RBPC). A sequential strategy of experimental design was employed; the effect of pH, temperature, ultrasound exposure time, and amplitude were evaluated regarding the percentage of protein extraction by a Full factorial design (FFD) with a fixed frequencies (FFD-A: 37 kHz; FFD-B: 80 kHz). Subsequently, the percentage of protein extracted was optimized employing a Central composite rotatable design (variables: pH and ultrasound exposure time) and RBPC obtained was characterized regarding chemical and functional properties. The pH and ultrasound exposure time had positive effect (P 0.05) on percentage of protein extraction; moreover, 37 kHz frequency was more effective in protein extraction. The optimized condition (frequency: 37 kHz; temperature: 30 °C; pH: 10; ultrasound exposure time: 30 min; and amplitude: 100%) allowed 15.07% of protein recovery and the RBPC presented 84.76 g 100 g-1 of protein. Magnesium and copper were the main mineral in RBPC (34.4 and 25.5 µg g-1, respectively), while leucine was the limiting amino acid (0.42) and threonine presented the highest chemical score (1.0). The RBPC solubility was minimal at pH 4 and higher at pHs 6-10; the water and oil absorption capacity were higher than bovine serum albumin (BSA) and the emulsifying capacity was comparable to BSA, with a suitable stability. It was possible to obtain a higher purity RBPC than described in the literature, due to the optimization in the extraction process steps, with functional properties suitable for application in food products, especially emulsified ones.(AU)

O farelo de arroz é um subproduto do processo de moagem do arroz, encontrado em abundância em todo o mundo e destacado devido ao seu teor de proteínas. Este estudo otimizou as condições para a extração assistida por ultrassom da proteína do farelo de arroz desengordurado (DRB) e caracterizou o concentrado de proteína do farelo de arroz (RBPC). Uma estratégia sequencial de desenho experimental foi empregada; o efeito do pH, temperatura, tempo de exposição ao ultrassom e amplitude foram avaliados em relação à porcentagem de extração proteica por um Delineamento Fatorial Completo (FFD) com frequências fixas (FFD -A: 37 kHz; FFD-B: 80 kHz). Posteriormente, a porcentagem de proteína extraída foi otimizada empregando um Planejamento Composto Central (variáveis: pH e tempo de exposição ao ultrassom) e o RBPC obtido foi caracterizado quanto às propriedades químicas e funcionais. O pH e o tempo de exposição ao ultrassom tiveram efeito positivo (P 0,05) na porcentagem de extração proteica. Além disso, a frequência de 37 kHz foi mais eficaz na extração de proteínas. A condição otimizada (frequência: 37 kHz; temperatura: 30 °C; pH: 10; tempo de exposição ao ultrassom: 30 min; e amplitude: 100%) permitiu 15,07% de recuperação de proteínas e o RBPC apresentou 84,76 g 100 g-1 de proteína. Magnésio e cobre foram os principais minerais da RBPC (34,4 e 25,5 µg g-1, respectivamente), enquanto a leucina foi o aminoácido limitante (0,42) e a treonina apresentou o maior escore químico (1,0). A solubilidade do RBPC foi mínima em pH 4 e superior em pH 6-10; a capacidade de absorção de água e óleo foi maior que a albumina sérica bovina (BSA) e a capacidade de emulsificação foi comparável à BSA, com uma estabilidade adequada. Assim, foi possível obter um RBPC com elevada pureza, maior do que o descrito na literatura, devido à otimização nas etapas do processo de extração, com propriedades funcionais adequadas para aplicação em produtos alimentícios, principalmente emulsificados.(AU)

Physical therapy treatment in the functional recovery of dogs submitted to head and femoral neck ostectomy: 20 cases / Tratamento fisioterapêutico na recuperação funcional de cães submetidos à ostectomia da cabeça e colo femoral: 20 casos

Patients who undergo excisional surgical procedures such as femoral head and neck ostectomy (FHO) require a postoperative rehabilitation plan which includes different physical therapy modalities. Therefore, this retrospective study was done to demonstrate the different physical therapy modalities utilized in 20 dogs who were subjected to FHO, and to provide data on the frequency of physical therapy modalities, the protocol duration and time interval from the commencement of physiotherapy and surgery and the patients functional recovery. All the protocols included the modalities of thermotherapy (heat), massage, passive stretching and passive joint movement. In the initial phase, electrotherapy and therapeutic ultrasound were most often used, while the water treadmill was continued until the treatment was completed. Physiotherapy sessions varied from 3 to 50 in number, and physiotherapy was commenced from day 5 until day 214 post the surgical procedure. The functional recovery of the limb was in the following range: 65% (13/20) satisfactory, 25% (5/20) partially satisfactory and 10% (2/20) unsatisfactory. Physical therapy treatment was thus concluded to be most influential in the functional recovery of the limb, even if was started late.(AU)

Um plano de reabilitação no pós-operatório incluindo diferentes modalidades fisioterapêuticas é de suma importância em pacientes submetidos à procedimentos cirúrgicos excisionais como a ostectomia da cabeça e colo femoral (OCCF). Sendo assim, o objetivo desse estudo retrospectivo foi demonstrar as diferentes modalidades fisioterapêuticas empregadas nos 20 cães após OCCF e fornecer dados referentes à frequência das modalidades fisioterapêuticas, a duração dos protocolos e o tempo entre o início da fisioterapia e a cirurgia e a recuperação funcional do paciente. A termoterapia (calor), a massagem, o alongamento passivo e a movimentação passiva articular foram as modalidades empregadas em todos os protocolos. A eletroterapia e o ultrassom terapêutico foram as mais utilizadas na fase inicial e, a esteira aquática foi mantida até o final do tratamento. O número de sessões de fisioterapia variou de 3 a 50 e o início da fisioterapia de 5 a 214 dias após o procedimento cirúrgico. Quanto à recuperação funcional do membro, em 65% (13/20) foram satisfatórias, em 25% (5/20) parcialmente satisfatórias e em 10% (2/20) insatisfatórias. Pode-se concluir que o tratamento fisioterapêutico influenciou na recuperação funcional do membro, mesmo que iniciado tardiamente.(AU)

A case of polymelia associated with syndactyly in Didelphis aurita (Wied-Neuwied, 1826) / Relato de caso de polimelia associada a sindactilia em Didelphis aurita (Wied-Neuwied, 1826)

In January 2018, a young male of Didelphis aurita (Wied-Neuwied, 1826), the Brazilian common opossum, was admitted for veterinary evaluation at the Recovery Clinic of Wild Animals of Estácio de Sá University, CRAS, in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, due to the presence of a partially duplicated right hind limb. After x-ray evaluation, polymelia associated with syndactyly was diagnosed. The images revealed the following alterations on the right limb: single femur with increased diameter, two tibiae, two fibulae and absence of hallux. The observed malformations were restricted to the hind right limb, which remains functional. This is the first report of such anomalies in an individual of Didelphis aurita.(AU)

Em janeiro de 2018, um macho jovem de Didelphis aurita (Wied-Neuwied, 1826), o gambá-de-orelha-preta, foi recebido para atendimento veterinário na Clínica de Recuperação de Animais Silvestres (CRAS) da Universidade Estácio de Sá, no Rio de Janeiro, por ser portador de membro posterior direito parcialmente duplicado. Após exame radiográfico, constatou-se a ocorrência de polimelia associada a sindactilia. As imagens radiográficas revelaram as seguintes alterações no membro posterior direito: um fêmur com diâmetro aumentado, duas tíbias, duas fíbulas e ausência de hálux. As malformações observadas restringiram-se apenas ao membro posterior direito, o qual mantém sua funcionalidade. Essas alterações nunca antes foram descritas na espécie Didelphis aurita.(AU)