Correção de fratura Salter-Harris tipo I em porquinho-da-índia (Cavia porcellus) - relato de caso / [Correction of Salter-Harris type 1 fracture in guinea pig (Cavia porcellus) - case report]

Um filhote de porquinho-da-índia (Cavia porcellus) foi recebido para atendimento após histórico de ataque por cão. Na avaliação física, observou-se edema, dor e crepitação em membro pélvico direito, sugestivo de fratura. Na avaliação radiográfica, confirmou-se fratura Salter-Harris tipo I em epífise distal da tíbia. A resolução cirúrgica escolhida foi a associação de pino transarticular e coaptação externa com tala de Altman. O paciente teve acompanhamento radiográfico semanal e obteve alta médica no 35o dia de pós-cirúrgico, quando se observou consolidação com completo remodelamento ósseo.(AU)

A guinea pig (Cavia porcellus) cub presented edema, pain, and crepitus in the right pelvic limb after being attacked by a dog. Radiographic examination revealed Salter-Harris type 1 fracture on the distal region of the tibia. The surgery technique to correct the fracture involved an association of transarticular pinning and external coaptation with Altman splint. After surgery, radiographs of the patient were performed weekly and on the 35th post-surgery day, the bone was completely remodeled and healed, and the animal was dismissed.(AU)

Long-term clinical complications associated with the use of polymethyl methacrylate in spinal stabilization of dogs and cats: case series / Complicações clínicas de longo prazo relacionadas ao uso de pino ou parafuso/polimetilmetacrilato na estabilização espinhal de cães e gatos: série de casos

Vertebral and spinal cord trauma are common conditions in small animal practice and often result in vertebral fractures/luxation (VFL) with concomitant spinal cord laceration, concussion, compression, or ischemia. These lesions have several clinical presentations that may vary from moderate to severe pain and partial to total loss of motor, sensory, and visceral functions, which may result in death or euthanasia. Our purpose is to describe five cases (four dogs and one cat) of complications secondary to the use of bone cement for vertebral stabilization. The patients, between five months and four years of age and weighing between 1.4 and 12.2 kg, were referred to the Small Animal Orthopedics and Traumatology Service of the Veterinary Hospital of the College of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science of the University of São Paulo. They had a history of post-operatory polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) reactions (such as drainage or cement exposure due to infection or implant failure) in periods from 9 to 18 months after undergoing spinal osteosynthesis. Surgical implant removal occurred in 80% of the patients (4/5). Complete remission was not observed in the patient with residual implants. The association of pins/screws and PMMA is a versatile osteosynthesis technique and is applicable in all spinal regions. However, delayed complications can occur, which could require additional surgical procedures. Despite the small number of cases included in this study, one can infer that complications related to the use of bone cement in spinal surgery can occur in the long term and should be highlighted during the implant choosing process for vertebral osteosynthesis in small animals.

O trauma vertebromedular é uma afecção comum na rotina clínica de pequenos animais e resulta, muitas vezes, em fraturas e luxações vertebrais (FLV) associadas à laceração, concussão, compressão ou isquemia da medula espinhal. Essas lesões apresentam sinais clínicos que variam de dor moderada a grave, acompanhada por perda parcial ou total das funções motoras, sensoriais e viscerais, podendo resultar no óbito ou na indicação de eutanásia. O objetivo deste trabalho é descrever cinco casos de complicações inerentes o uso de cimento ósseo para estabilização vertebral em quatro cães e um gato. Os pacientes possuíam idades variando entre cinco meses a quatro anos, peso entre 1,4 e 12,2kg e foram atendidos no Serviço de Ortopedia e Traumatologia do Hospital Veterinário da Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia da Universidade de São Paulo, com histórico de reações cutâneas ao polimetilmetacrilato (PMMA), como tratos drenantes ou exposição do cimento decorrente de infecção ou soltura precoce do implante, em períodos que variaram de nove à 18 meses após serem submetidos a osteossíntese da coluna vertebral. Foi realizada a remoção cirúrgica desses implantes em quatro pacientes e mantida a estabilização prévia em um caso. Houve resolução total do quadro de infecção nos pacientes em que se removeu o PMMA associada ao tratamento clínico, e remissão parcial no paciente em que o implante não pode ser removido. A utilização do cimento ósseo associado a parafusos ou pinos é uma técnica versátil e aplicável em todas as regiões da coluna vertebral, no entanto complicações tardias são possíveis, sendo necessário muitas vezes procedimentos cirúrgicos adicionais para a resolução do problema. Apesar da pequena quantidade de casos relatados, foi possível observar que complicações relacionadas ao uso do cimento ósseo na coluna vertebral podem ocorrer no médio ao longo prazo [...].

Long-term clinical complications associated with the use of polymethyl methacrylate in spinal stabilization of dogs and cats: case series / Complicações clínicas de longo prazo relacionadas ao uso de pino ou parafuso/polimetilmetacrilato na estabilização espinhal de cães e gatos: série de casos

Vertebral and spinal cord trauma are common conditions in small animal practice and often result in vertebral fractures/luxation (VFL) with concomitant spinal cord laceration, concussion, compression, or ischemia. These lesions have several clinical presentations that may vary from moderate to severe pain and partial to total loss of motor, sensory, and visceral functions, which may result in death or euthanasia. Our purpose is to describe five cases (four dogs and one cat) of complications secondary to the use of bone cement for vertebral stabilization. The patients, between five months and four years of age and weighing between 1.4 and 12.2 kg, were referred to the Small Animal Orthopedics and Traumatology Service of the Veterinary Hospital of the College of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science of the University of São Paulo. They had a history of post-operatory polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) reactions (such as drainage or cement exposure due to infection or implant failure) in periods from 9 to 18 months after undergoing spinal osteosynthesis. Surgical implant removal occurred in 80% of the patients (4/5). Complete remission was not observed in the patient with residual implants. The association of pins/screws and PMMA is a versatile osteosynthesis technique and is applicable in all spinal regions. However, delayed complications can occur, which could require additional surgical procedures. Despite the small number of cases included in this study, one can infer that complications related to the use of bone cement in spinal surgery can occur in the long term and should be highlighted during the implant choosing process for vertebral osteosynthesis in small animals.(AU)

O trauma vertebromedular é uma afecção comum na rotina clínica de pequenos animais e resulta, muitas vezes, em fraturas e luxações vertebrais (FLV) associadas à laceração, concussão, compressão ou isquemia da medula espinhal. Essas lesões apresentam sinais clínicos que variam de dor moderada a grave, acompanhada por perda parcial ou total das funções motoras, sensoriais e viscerais, podendo resultar no óbito ou na indicação de eutanásia. O objetivo deste trabalho é descrever cinco casos de complicações inerentes o uso de cimento ósseo para estabilização vertebral em quatro cães e um gato. Os pacientes possuíam idades variando entre cinco meses a quatro anos, peso entre 1,4 e 12,2kg e foram atendidos no Serviço de Ortopedia e Traumatologia do Hospital Veterinário da Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia da Universidade de São Paulo, com histórico de reações cutâneas ao polimetilmetacrilato (PMMA), como tratos drenantes ou exposição do cimento decorrente de infecção ou soltura precoce do implante, em períodos que variaram de nove à 18 meses após serem submetidos a osteossíntese da coluna vertebral. Foi realizada a remoção cirúrgica desses implantes em quatro pacientes e mantida a estabilização prévia em um caso. Houve resolução total do quadro de infecção nos pacientes em que se removeu o PMMA associada ao tratamento clínico, e remissão parcial no paciente em que o implante não pode ser removido. A utilização do cimento ósseo associado a parafusos ou pinos é uma técnica versátil e aplicável em todas as regiões da coluna vertebral, no entanto complicações tardias são possíveis, sendo necessário muitas vezes procedimentos cirúrgicos adicionais para a resolução do problema. Apesar da pequena quantidade de casos relatados, foi possível observar que complicações relacionadas ao uso do cimento ósseo na coluna vertebral podem ocorrer no médio ao longo prazo [...].(AU)

Osteossíntese com placa e pino em cães e gatos / Plate-rod osteosynthesis in dogs and cats

Background: Most fractures are caused by traumatic processes due to car accidents, but they can also occur due to bullets,fights and falls. Surgical stabilization is often necessary and shows high rates of bone healing when its basic concepts arefollowed. The objective of this study is to report cases of shaft fracture in long bones stabilized with intramedullary pinand plate (IMPP) in order to evaluate pre- and postoperative clinical and radiographic signs, correlating the ideal surgicaltechnique described on recent studies with complications resulting from the surgical procedure.Cases: This study includes patients undergoing osteosynthesis with intramedullary pin and plate from January 2015 toDecember 2016 at the Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital of UFRGS. During this period, 13 animals (five cats andeight dogs) with long bone fractures were treated with the abovementioned association. Information on breed, age, sex,etiology of the fracture, affected bone, clinical signs, osteosynthesis technique, clinical progress, fracture healing, andpostoperative complications was collected for the study. Late postoperative recovery was evaluated by telephone contactwith owners. The mean age was 5.4 years (3 months - 15 years) and body weight 17.66 kg (3 - 28.4 kg). The fractureswere due to being hit by a vehicle (5), bites (1), accident with a toy (1), and unknown (6).Discussion: All cases included in this study were in the femur, humerus or tibia. Fractures in the radius are also frequent insmall animal traumatology, but in this case the use of an intramedullary pin is not recommended. All animals had diaphysealfractures, which is an important prerequisite for IMPP stabilization. The IMPP association is mainly indicated in casesof comminuted fractures, when it is anatomically impossible to reduce fracture fragments, as occurred with nine patientsin this study. The plate did not break of fail in any of the cases, as the association...

Osteossíntese com placa e pino em cães e gatos / Plate-rod osteosynthesis in dogs and cats

Background: Most fractures are caused by traumatic processes due to car accidents, but they can also occur due to bullets,fights and falls. Surgical stabilization is often necessary and shows high rates of bone healing when its basic concepts arefollowed. The objective of this study is to report cases of shaft fracture in long bones stabilized with intramedullary pinand plate (IMPP) in order to evaluate pre- and postoperative clinical and radiographic signs, correlating the ideal surgicaltechnique described on recent studies with complications resulting from the surgical procedure.Cases: This study includes patients undergoing osteosynthesis with intramedullary pin and plate from January 2015 toDecember 2016 at the Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital of UFRGS. During this period, 13 animals (five cats andeight dogs) with long bone fractures were treated with the abovementioned association. Information on breed, age, sex,etiology of the fracture, affected bone, clinical signs, osteosynthesis technique, clinical progress, fracture healing, andpostoperative complications was collected for the study. Late postoperative recovery was evaluated by telephone contactwith owners. The mean age was 5.4 years (3 months - 15 years) and body weight 17.66 kg (3 - 28.4 kg). The fractureswere due to being hit by a vehicle (5), bites (1), accident with a toy (1), and unknown (6).Discussion: All cases included in this study were in the femur, humerus or tibia. Fractures in the radius are also frequent insmall animal traumatology, but in this case the use of an intramedullary pin is not recommended. All animals had diaphysealfractures, which is an important prerequisite for IMPP stabilization. The IMPP association is mainly indicated in casesof comminuted fractures, when it is anatomically impossible to reduce fracture fragments, as occurred with nine patientsin this study. The plate did not break of fail in any of the cases, as the association...(AU)

Osteossíntese de fratura femoral epifisária em savacu (Nycticorax nycticorax) por meio de pinos / Osteosynthesis of femoral epiphyseal fracture in savacu (Nycticorax nycticorax) by pins

O savacu (Nycticorax nycticorax) é uma ave que possui ampla distribuição em todo o território nacional. O sinantropismo predispõe condições que podem levar a traumas decorrentes de acidentes com elementos urbanos. As fraturas de ossos longos podem causar danos nos vasos e nervos, levando ao comprometimento funcional dos membros afetados, dificultando a reintrodução de animais silvestres em seu habitat, exigindo muita cautela e planejamento cirúrgico para escolher o método de correção da fratura. Assim, o objetivo deste estudo é relatar a ocorrência de fratura transversa epifisária distal no fêmur e sua correção por meio de pinos intramedulares, hemicerclagem e cerclagem em espécime imaturo de savacu.

Savacu (Nycticorax nycticorax) is a bird that has wide distribution throughout the national territory. The synanthropism predisposes conditions that can lead to trauma resulting from accidents with urban elements. Long bone fractures can cause vessel and nerve damage, leading to functional impairment of the affected limbs, thus hindering the reintroduction of wildlife animals into their habitat, requiring great caution and surgical planning to choose the method for fracture correction. Thus, the aim of this study is to report the occurrence of distal epiphyseal transverse fracture in the femur and its correction by means of intramedullary pins, hemicerclage and cerclage in immature savacu specimen.

Osteossíntese de fratura femoral epifisária em savacu (Nycticorax nycticorax) por meio de pinos / Osteosynthesis of femoral epiphyseal fracture in savacu (Nycticorax nycticorax) by pins

O savacu (Nycticorax nycticorax) é uma ave que possui ampla distribuição em todo o território nacional. O sinantropismo predispõe condições que podem levar a traumas decorrentes de acidentes com elementos urbanos. As fraturas de ossos longos podem causar danos nos vasos e nervos, levando ao comprometimento funcional dos membros afetados, dificultando a reintrodução de animais silvestres em seu habitat, exigindo muita cautela e planejamento cirúrgico para escolher o método de correção da fratura. Assim, o objetivo deste estudo é relatar a ocorrência de fratura transversa epifisária distal no fêmur e sua correção por meio de pinos intramedulares, hemicerclagem e cerclagem em espécime imaturo de savacu.(AU)

Savacu (Nycticorax nycticorax) is a bird that has wide distribution throughout the national territory. The synanthropism predisposes conditions that can lead to trauma resulting from accidents with urban elements. Long bone fractures can cause vessel and nerve damage, leading to functional impairment of the affected limbs, thus hindering the reintroduction of wildlife animals into their habitat, requiring great caution and surgical planning to choose the method for fracture correction. Thus, the aim of this study is to report the occurrence of distal epiphyseal transverse fracture in the femur and its correction by means of intramedullary pins, hemicerclage and cerclage in immature savacu specimen.(AU)

Paravertebral cervical block for osteosynthesis of humeral fracture in foal / Bloqueio paravertebral cervical para realização de ostessíntese de fratura de úmero em potro

A modified cervical paravertebral block of the brachial plexus was performed with the aid of a nerve stimulator for osteosynthesis with four intramedullary pins in a 5-month-old colt weighing 180 kg diagnosed with a closed, complete, and oblique humerus fracture. Xylazine 2% (0.5 mg kg-1 IV) was administered as the pre-anesthetic medication. Anesthesia was induced with ketamine 10% (2 mg kg-1 IV) and midazolam 0.5% (5 mg kg-1 IV) and maintained with isoflurane. The animal was on mechanical ventilation. The nerve block was induced with administration of ropivacaine 0.75% in the ventral branches of C6 (intervertebral space C5–C6) and C7 (intervertebral space C6–C7) and in the branches of C8 and T1 at their convergence at the cranial margin of the first rib. During the 130-min duration of the surgery, no analgesic rescue was required. In conclusion, this blockade can be performed safely and promotes numbness of the humeral and olecranon regions.

Realizou-se o bloqueio paravertebral cervical modicado do plexo braquial, com auxílio de estimulador de nervos, para execução de osteossíntese com quatro pinos intramedulares, em potro de 5 meses, com 180 kg, diagnosticado com fratura fechada, completa e oblíqua de úmero. O animal foi submetido a anestesia com medicação pré-anestésica, xilazina 2% (0,5 mg kg-1 IV) e indução anestésica com cetamina 10% (2 mg kg-1 IV) associada ao midazolam 0,5% (0,5 mg kg-1 IV). A manutenção anestésica foi feita com isoflurano, sendo sempre mantido em ventilação mecânica. O bloqueio foi feito com ropivacaína 0,75% nos ramos ventrais de C6 (espaço intervertebral C5 – C6), C7 (espaço intervertebral C6 – C7) e nos ramos de C8 e T1 em sua convergência na margem cranial da primeira costela. Durante os 130 minutos de duração da cirurgia, não foi necessário qualquer resgate analgésico. Conclui-se que esse bloqueio foi realizado de forma segura e promoveu insensibilidade da região de úmero e olecrano.

Association of rush pin and intramedular pin techniques for the stabilization of salter harris type I fracture in rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus)

Background: In domestic rabbits, fractures are usually the result of household accidents. Fractures of the distal femoral physis are frequently observed in animals with immature skeletons and may cause future orthopedic problems. With this type of fracture, early reduction and stabilization are necessary to prevent additional damage to the physis and to preserve the growth potential of the bone. This report aims to describe the clinical and radiographic findings, as well as the surgical method used that combined Rush pins with an intramedullary pin, associated with a Salter Harris type I fracture of the right distal femur in a rabbit.Case: A 4-month male domestic rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus) weighing 1.2 kg, was referred to the Veterinary Hospital with a right pelvic limb lameness after an episode of trauma. Orthopedic examination revealed swelling, instability, crepitation, and increased pain sensitivity in the distal aspect of the right femur. Following physical and radiographic examination, a Salter Harris type I fracture of the right distal femur was diagnosed. The patient was premedicated with a combination of xylazine (2 mg/kg IM) and ketamine (10 mg/kg IM), which allowed placement of an IV catheter for the administration of fluids and intubation using an endotracheal tube with an internal diameter of 2 mm. Anesthesia was maintained with isoflurane, and an epidural was performed with a combination of lidocaine (2 mg/kg) and bupivacaine (0.75 mg/kg). Osteosynthesis was performed with two Rush pins and an intramedullary pin. Radiographic examination 110 and 330 days after the surgical procedure showed good alignment of the bone and adequate healing of the fracture. The combination of techniques used in this case report proved to be effective, resulting in functional recovery of the limb and rapid bone healing.[...](AU)

Association of rush pin and intramedular pin techniques for the stabilization of salter harris type I fracture in rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus)

Background: In domestic rabbits, fractures are usually the result of household accidents. Fractures of the distal femoral physis are frequently observed in animals with immature skeletons and may cause future orthopedic problems. With this type of fracture, early reduction and stabilization are necessary to prevent additional damage to the physis and to preserve the growth potential of the bone. This report aims to describe the clinical and radiographic findings, as well as the surgical method used that combined Rush pins with an intramedullary pin, associated with a Salter Harris type I fracture of the right distal femur in a rabbit.Case: A 4-month male domestic rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus) weighing 1.2 kg, was referred to the Veterinary Hospital with a right pelvic limb lameness after an episode of trauma. Orthopedic examination revealed swelling, instability, crepitation, and increased pain sensitivity in the distal aspect of the right femur. Following physical and radiographic examination, a Salter Harris type I fracture of the right distal femur was diagnosed. The patient was premedicated with a combination of xylazine (2 mg/kg IM) and ketamine (10 mg/kg IM), which allowed placement of an IV catheter for the administration of fluids and intubation using an endotracheal tube with an internal diameter of 2 mm. Anesthesia was maintained with isoflurane, and an epidural was performed with a combination of lidocaine (2 mg/kg) and bupivacaine (0.75 mg/kg). Osteosynthesis was performed with two Rush pins and an intramedullary pin. Radiographic examination 110 and 330 days after the surgical procedure showed good alignment of the bone and adequate healing of the fracture. The combination of techniques used in this case report proved to be effective, resulting in functional recovery of the limb and rapid bone healing.[...]

Classification, fixation techniques, complications and outcomes of femur fractures in dogs and cats: 61 cases (2015-2016) / Classificação, métodos de fixação, complicações e desfecho das fraturas de fêmur em cães e gatos: 61 casos (2015-2016)

The aim of this study was to retrospectively evaluate the frequency of femur fractures in dogs and cats in the routine of a school hospital, determining their classification, fixation methods, complications, and outcomes. A total of 61 animals, 50 (82.0%) dogs and 11 (18.0%) cats, had femoral fractures that were submitted to osteosynthesis. Sixty-two femoral fractures were evaluated. Single fractures in the distal epiphysis (n=25) were the most frequent (P=0.0001). Intramedullary pins were used in association with cerclage and tension band for osteosynthesis in proximal fractures. In diaphyseal fractures, bone plates and screws, two intramedullary pins (insulated or with cerclage) and Tie-In configuration were used. In distal fractures, modified Rush intramedullary pins, cross pins and Tie-In configuration were used. Comparing complication frequencies at fracture sites that required reintervention after osteosynthesis, a significant difference was observed (P=0.0253) between the diaphyseal (31.25%) and distal (7.14%) fractures independent of the technique used. We concluded that distal epiphyseal fractures were the most frequent in the routine of a school hospital. Distal epiphyseal fractures presented a lower frequency of complications for consolidation when treated with modified Rush intramedullary pins or crossed pins.(AU)

O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar, retrospectivamente, a frequência das fraturas de fêmur em cães e gatos, na rotina de um hospital escola, determinando a classificação, métodos de fixação, complicações e desfecho. No total, 61 animais, 50 (82,0%) cães e 11 (18,0%) gatos, apresentaram fraturas de fêmur submetidas a osteossíntese. Sessenta e duas fraturas de fêmur foram avaliadas neste estudo. As fraturas simples localizadas na epífise distal (n=25) foram as mais frequentes (P=0,0001). Para osteossíntese das fraturas proximais, foram utilizados pinos intramedulares em associação a cerclagem e banda de tensão. Nas fraturas diafisárias, foram utilizadas placas ósseas e parafusos, dois pinos intramedulares (isolados ou com cerclagem) e fixador externo Tie-In e, nas fraturas distais, pinos intramedulares de Rush modificados, pinos cruzados e fixador externo Tie-In. Comparando-se a frequência de complicações que necessitaram reintervenção após osteossíntese, entre as localizações das fraturas, independente da técnica empregada, houve uma diferença significativa (P=0,0253) entre as diafisárias (31,25%) e distais (7,14%). Conclui-se que as fraturas epifisárias distais foram as mais frequentes na rotina de um hospital escola e, quando tratadas com pinos intramedulares de Rush modificados ou pinos cruzados, apresentaram menor frequência de complicações para a consolidação.(AU)

Osteossíntese de úmero e rádio em um filhote de preguiça-comum (Bradypus variegatus): relato de caso / Humerus and radio osteossynthesis in a young brown throated sloth (Bradypus variegatus): case report

Um filhote de preguiça-comum (Bradypus variegatus) deu entrada no Centro de Triagem de Animais Silvestres de Alagoas, com 4 meses de idade e pesando 600 gramas. Durante o exame clínico foi observada fratura de úmero esquerdo e, após radiografia, foram observadas fraturas de rádio e um projétil de arma de fogo alojado na região axilar. Com o objetivo de possibilitar o retorno funcional do membro, realizou-se procedimento cirúrgico para a reparação da fratura. Promoveu-se a redução manual das fraturas e estabilização com colocação de pino intramedular liso de Kirchner de 1,0mm de diâmetro no rádio e 1,5mm no úmero no canal intramedular de forma retrógrada. A síntese foi realizada através de sutura simples interrompida e contínua. Em seguida foi feita a abordagem da região axilar para a retirada do projétil que se encontrava em tecido subcutâneo. No pós-operatório, utilizou-se enrofloxacina (5mg/kg) por 5 dias e cetoprofeno (2mg/kg) por 3 dias por via intramuscular, complementadas por higienização diária dos pontos com solução fisiológica seguida de curativo com pomada cicatrizante. Após 25 dias da cirurgia foram retirados os pinos e, após 15 dias, iniciou-se a fisioterapia. Foi feito acompanhamento radiológico, quando se notou formação de calo ósseo aos 60 dias de pós-operatório, o que demonstra que o uso de pino intramedular é eficiente para a redução de fratura de úmero e rádio para a espécie Bradypus variegatus.

A common sloth (Bradypus variegatus) was admitted to the Alagoas Wild Triage Center, 4 months old and weighing 600 grams. During the clinical examination, a left humerus fracture was observed, and after radiography, radiographic fractures and a projectile of a firearm housed in the axillary region were observed. With the objective of enabling the functional return of the limb, a surgical procedure was performed to repair the fracture. Manual fracture reduction and stabilization were promoted by placement of a 1.0mm diameter intramedullary pin of the Kirchner in the radius and 1.5mm in the humerus in the intramedullary canal in a retrograde fashion. Synthesis was performed by interrupted and continuous simple suture. The axillary region was then approached for the removal of the projectile that was in subcutaneous tissue. In the postoperative period, enrofloxacin (5mg/kg) for 5 days and ketoprofen (2mg/kg) were used for 3 days intramuscularly, complemented by daily hygienization of the points with physiological solution followed by dressing with healing ointment. After 25 days of surgery, the pins were removed and after 15 days, physical therapy was started. Radiological follow-up was performed, where bone callus formation was noted at 60 postoperative days, which demonstrates that the use of intramedullary pin is efficient for the reduction of humeral and radius fractures for Bradypus variegatus species.

Osteossíntese de úmero e rádio em um filhote de preguiça-comum (Bradypus variegatus): relato de caso / Humerus and radio osteossynthesis in a young brown throated sloth (Bradypus variegatus): case report

Um filhote de preguiça-comum (Bradypus variegatus) deu entrada no Centro de Triagem de Animais Silvestres de Alagoas, com 4 meses de idade e pesando 600 gramas. Durante o exame clínico foi observada fratura de úmero esquerdo e, após radiografia, foram observadas fraturas de rádio e um projétil de arma de fogo alojado na região axilar. Com o objetivo de possibilitar o retorno funcional do membro, realizou-se procedimento cirúrgico para a reparação da fratura. Promoveu-se a redução manual das fraturas e estabilização com colocação de pino intramedular liso de Kirchner de 1,0mm de diâmetro no rádio e 1,5mm no úmero no canal intramedular de forma retrógrada. A síntese foi realizada através de sutura simples interrompida e contínua. Em seguida foi feita a abordagem da região axilar para a retirada do projétil que se encontrava em tecido subcutâneo. No pós-operatório, utilizou-se enrofloxacina (5mg/kg) por 5 dias e cetoprofeno (2mg/kg) por 3 dias por via intramuscular, complementadas por higienização diária dos pontos com solução fisiológica seguida de curativo com pomada cicatrizante. Após 25 dias da cirurgia foram retirados os pinos e, após 15 dias, iniciou-se a fisioterapia. Foi feito acompanhamento radiológico, quando se notou formação de calo ósseo aos 60 dias de pós-operatório, o que demonstra que o uso de pino intramedular é eficiente para a redução de fratura de úmero e rádio para a espécie Bradypus variegatus.(AU)

A common sloth (Bradypus variegatus) was admitted to the Alagoas Wild Triage Center, 4 months old and weighing 600 grams. During the clinical examination, a left humerus fracture was observed, and after radiography, radiographic fractures and a projectile of a firearm housed in the axillary region were observed. With the objective of enabling the functional return of the limb, a surgical procedure was performed to repair the fracture. Manual fracture reduction and stabilization were promoted by placement of a 1.0mm diameter intramedullary pin of the Kirchner in the radius and 1.5mm in the humerus in the intramedullary canal in a retrograde fashion. Synthesis was performed by interrupted and continuous simple suture. The axillary region was then approached for the removal of the projectile that was in subcutaneous tissue. In the postoperative period, enrofloxacin (5mg/kg) for 5 days and ketoprofen (2mg/kg) were used for 3 days intramuscularly, complemented by daily hygienization of the points with physiological solution followed by dressing with healing ointment. After 25 days of surgery, the pins were removed and after 15 days, physical therapy was started. Radiological follow-up was performed, where bone callus formation was noted at 60 postoperative days, which demonstrates that the use of intramedullary pin is efficient for the reduction of humeral and radius fractures for Bradypus variegatus species.(AU)

Associação de placa LC-LCP e pino intramedular para artrodese pantarsal / Association of LC-LCP plate and intramedular pin for pantarsal arthrodesis

The objective of this work was to report the case of a dog with limb claudication of the right pelvic limb five months ago, using intramedullary pin associated with the LC-LCP plate in the surgical treatment. The surgical approach was made cranial to the tibiotarsal joint, applying the normalized 3mm intramedullary pin through the tibia to the calcaneus. A nine-hole 3.5 mm LC-LCP plate was applied associated with the pin using four proximally locked bolts and three distal locked bolts. On the eighth postoperative day, the animal returned daily activities while maintaining the integrity of the implant. The association of intramedullary pin with LC-LCP plaque promoted additional stability, thus reducing complications, which allowed us to introduce another alternative for the performance of pantarsal arthrodesis in dogs.(AU)

Associação de placa LC-LCP e pino intramedular para artrodese pantarsal / Association of LC-LCP plate and intramedular pin for pantarsal arthrodesis

The objective of this work was to report the case of a dog with limb claudication of the right pelvic limb five months ago, using intramedullary pin associated with the LC-LCP plate in the surgical treatment. The surgical approach was made cranial to the tibiotarsal joint, applying the normalized 3mm intramedullary pin through the tibia to the calcaneus. A nine-hole 3.5 mm LC-LCP plate was applied associated with the pin using four proximally locked bolts and three distal locked bolts. On the eighth postoperative day, the animal returned daily activities while maintaining the integrity of the implant. The association of intramedullary pin with LC-LCP plaque promoted additional stability, thus reducing complications, which allowed us to introduce another alternative for the performance of pantarsal arthrodesis in dogs.

Osteossíntese de fêmur e tíbia em veado-catingueiro (Mazama gouazoubira): relato de caso / Osteosynthesis of the femur and tibia of a brown brocket deer (Mazama gouazoubira): case report

O presente estudo relata o caso de um veado-catingueiro jovem, provindo de vida livre e com histórico de atropelamento. Posteriormente à realização de exames, o animal foi diagnosticado com fratura exposta distal de tíbia (Salter-Harris tipo I) e fratura cominutiva de metáfise distal de fêmur, ambas em membro pélvico esquerdo. Para a osteossíntese da tíbia, foram utilizados pinos intramedulares de Steinmann inseridos pelos maléolos lateral e medial, de forma cruzada. A osteossíntese do fêmur foi realizada com associação de dois pinos de Steinmann, conforme técnica modificada de Rush, e placa de compressão dinâmica. As técnicas cirúrgicas adotadas foram satisfatórias para estabilização, consolidação de ambas as fraturas e retorno funcional do membro. Após 90 dias da cirurgia, o animal foi reintroduzido à natureza.(AU)

The present study reports the case of a juvenile wild brown brocket deer, with car accident history. After a complete examination, the animal was diagnosed with open distal tibial fracture (Salter-Harris type I) and comminuted fracture of the distal metaphysis of the femur, both in the left hindlimb. For the tibial osteosynthesis, Steinmann pins were used intramedullary, inserted by the lateral and medial malleolus, crosswise. The osteosynthesis of the femur was performed with a combination of two Steinmann pins, as modified Rush technique, and a dynamic compression plate. The surgical techniques used were satisfactory for stabilization, consolidation of both fractures and function return of the member. Ninety days after surgery the animal was reintroduced to nature.(AU)

Osteossíntese de fêmur e tíbia em veado-catingueiro (Mazama gouazoubira): relato de caso / Osteosynthesis of the femur and tibia of a brown brocket deer (Mazama gouazoubira): case report

O presente estudo relata o caso de um veado-catingueiro jovem, provindo de vida livre e com histórico de atropelamento. Posteriormente à realização de exames, o animal foi diagnosticado com fratura exposta distal de tíbia (Salter-Harris tipo I) e fratura cominutiva de metáfise distal de fêmur, ambas em membro pélvico esquerdo. Para a osteossíntese da tíbia, foram utilizados pinos intramedulares de Steinmann inseridos pelos maléolos lateral e medial, de forma cruzada. A osteossíntese do fêmur foi realizada com associação de dois pinos de Steinmann, conforme técnica modificada de Rush, e placa de compressão dinâmica. As técnicas cirúrgicas adotadas foram satisfatórias para estabilização, consolidação de ambas as fraturas e retorno funcional do membro. Após 90 dias da cirurgia, o animal foi reintroduzido à natureza.(AU)

The present study reports the case of a juvenile wild brown brocket deer, with car accident history. After a complete examination, the animal was diagnosed with open distal tibial fracture (Salter-Harris type I) and comminuted fracture of the distal metaphysis of the femur, both in the left hindlimb. For the tibial osteosynthesis, Steinmann pins were used intramedullary, inserted by the lateral and medial malleolus, crosswise. The osteosynthesis of the femur was performed with a combination of two Steinmann pins, as modified Rush technique, and a dynamic compression plate. The surgical techniques used were satisfactory for stabilization, consolidation of both fractures and function return of the member. Ninety days after surgery the animal was reintroduced to nature.(AU)

Interlocking nail combined with locking plate fixation for a distal diaphysis femur comminuted fracture in a dog

Background: Interlocking Nail (ILN) is similar a solid intramedullary pins with screws or bolts passing through one and nail holes (locking effect). This implant mostly have been putted normograde, passing by trochanteric fossa of femur, although it is reported to be inserted through the knee, passing by fracture focus and ending close to proximal femur. It is carried out especially when there is a comminuted fracture in distal third shaft of femur. Locking plate systems work as internal fixators with some advantages compared to conventional plates. It can be used combined with intramedullary pin, and is an effective technique for increase stifeness stabilization of comminuted long-bone fractures, especially for bending. Some studies reported the use of plate-nail to increase even more the stiffness of implants, because of locking screw in plate and nail. Based on the same propose, we aim to report a case of an ILNs normograde (from distal to proximal) connected to a locking plate in highly comminuted distal diaphyseal fracture since it is rarely report in veterinary medicine orthopaedics.Case: A 5-year-old male mixed breed dog was assessed and diagnosed a fracture of the femur in the right pelvic limb. On physical examination, the dog had nonweight bearing lameness in the affected limb and, mobility of the fragments was noted following digital pressure. A comminuted fracture of the distal diaphysis of the femur was identified. A lateral approach to the shaft of the femur, the incision was extended to the stifle joint through a lateral incision because the fracture seemed to extend throughout the physis. Open but do not touch approach was performed and reduction was gotten without modified environment of fracture hematoma. A surgical drill was inserted through the access in distal extremity of the bone to open the medullary cavity of the femur.[...]

Interlocking nail combined with locking plate fixation for a distal diaphysis femur comminuted fracture in a dog

Background: Interlocking Nail (ILN) is similar a solid intramedullary pins with screws or bolts passing through one and nail holes (locking effect). This implant mostly have been putted normograde, passing by trochanteric fossa of femur, although it is reported to be inserted through the knee, passing by fracture focus and ending close to proximal femur. It is carried out especially when there is a comminuted fracture in distal third shaft of femur. Locking plate systems work as internal fixators with some advantages compared to conventional plates. It can be used combined with intramedullary pin, and is an effective technique for increase stifeness stabilization of comminuted long-bone fractures, especially for bending. Some studies reported the use of plate-nail to increase even more the stiffness of implants, because of locking screw in plate and nail. Based on the same propose, we aim to report a case of an ILNs normograde (from distal to proximal) connected to a locking plate in highly comminuted distal diaphyseal fracture since it is rarely report in veterinary medicine orthopaedics.Case: A 5-year-old male mixed breed dog was assessed and diagnosed a fracture of the femur in the right pelvic limb. On physical examination, the dog had nonweight bearing lameness in the affected limb and, mobility of the fragments was noted following digital pressure. A comminuted fracture of the distal diaphysis of the femur was identified. A lateral approach to the shaft of the femur, the incision was extended to the stifle joint through a lateral incision because the fracture seemed to extend throughout the physis. Open but do not touch approach was performed and reduction was gotten without modified environment of fracture hematoma. A surgical drill was inserted through the access in distal extremity of the bone to open the medullary cavity of the femur.[...](AU)

Femoral fracture repair in a ferret (Mustela putorius furo) / Tratamento de fratura femoral em ferret (Mustela putorius furo)

Background: Ferrets (Mustela putorius furo) are increasingly popular as pets. They require similar medical and surgical care as small animals, and orthopedic lesions are more and more common. Fracture diagnosis is based on history, orthopedic exam, and diagnostic imaging. The preferred treatment for femur fractures is surgery, which has a favorable outcome in the majority of cases. However, surgical fracture repair in ferrets can be challenging due to the small size of the bones. The objective of this paper is to report the surgical repair of a femoral fracture in a ferret using an external skeletal fixation system type IA connected to an intramedullary pin (tie-in configuration). Case: An adult ferret was referred to the veterinary hospital after being stepped on. The ferret was diagnosed with an oblique diaphyseal fracture of the left femur and surgery was recommended. Open fracture reduction was performed with a 1 mm intramedullary pin (Kirschner wire) placed in a retrograde direction into the proximal bone segment. After fracture reduction, the intramedullary pin was inserted into the distal bone segment. The external skeletal fixator type IA was created by the insertion of a 1.5 mm Schanz pin into the distal diaphysis and another, also 1.5 mm, inserted into the proximal metaphysis, both percutaneously. The three pins were connected externally to an aluminum bar with the [...]