Lesão na região metacarpiana do membro torácico esquerdo de bezerra Gir decorrente de contenção para pesagem / Injury in the metacarpinal region of the left thoracic limbs resulting from retention for weighing in a Gir calf

Fraturas ósseas e luxações são mais comuns em animais jovens e, na maioria das vezes, essas fraturas ocorrem devido ao manejo incorreto desses animais, podendo levar a uma queda de produção a curto ou longo prazo, gerando perdas econômicas e produtivas de animais de alto padrão genético. Nesse contexto, o objetivo deste trabalho foi relatar a ocorrência de uma fratura na região metacarpiana do membro torácico esquerdo de uma bezerra Gir de 12 dias de idade, causada por uma contenção ineficaz durante a pesagem. O animal proveniente de uma fazenda em Umirim/CE foi encaminhado ao Hospital Veterinário de Grandes Animais do Centro Universitário INTA em Sobral/CE. Ao passar pelo exame radiográfico, foi constatada a fratura na região metacarpiana do membro torácico esquerdo. O animal foi imobilizado de forma manual, seguindo-se métodos semiológicos para minimizar o estresse. Para a imobilização do membro, foi utilizada a muleta de Thomas modificada e bandagens, associadas ao controle da dor com as drogas Flunixin meglumine (1,1mg/kg) e Fenilbutazona (4,4mg/kg). Depois da imobilização, o animal seguiu internado no HOVET-GA e, após 18 dias, foi realizada uma nova radiografia para ver o progresso a partir do tratamento adotado. Constatou-se a formação de um calo ósseo, com a ossificação da fratura, não sendo necessário o encaminhamento cirúrgico do animal. Assim, o tratamento com muleta de Thomas modificada foi efetivo para a recuperação do membro fraturado, além de ser um tratamento de baixo custo e fácil aplicação, tendo o animal apresentado uma boa resposta ao tratamento terapêutico para controle da dor.

Bone fractures and dislocations are more common in young animals and mostly occur due to incorrect handling of these animals, which can lead to a short or long-term drop in production, generating economic and productive losses of animals of high genetic standard. This study aimed to report the occurrence of a fracture in the metacarpal region of the left thoracic limb of a 12-day-old Gir heifer, caused by an ineffective restraint during weighing. The animal from a farm in Umirim/CE was sent to the Veterinary Hospital of Large Animals of the University Center INTA in Sobral/CE. The radiographic examination found a fracture in the metacarpal region of the left thoracic limb. The animal was manually immobilized following semiological methods to minimize stress. For the limb immobilization, a modified Thomas crutch and bandages associated with pain control with the drugs Flunixin meglumine (1.1mg/kg) and Phenylbutazone (4.4mg/kg) were used. After immobilization, the animal remained hospitalized at HOVET-GA and after 18 days a new radiograph was performed to evaluate the progress achieved with the treatment adopted. It was found the formation of a bone callus with the ossification of the fracture, not requiring the surgical referral of the animal. Thus, the treatment with the modified Thomas crutch was effective for the recovery of the fractured limb, in addition to being a low-cost and easy-to-apply treatment. The animal showed a good response to the therapeutic treatment for pain control.

Aspects of skin morphology and morphometry of the giant anteater (Myrmecophaga tridactyla, LINNAEUS, 1758) / spectos da morfologia e morfometria da pele do tamanduá bandeira (Myrmecophaga tridactyla, LINNAEUS, 1758)

The aim of the present study is to describe the skin morphology and morphometry of the giant anteater (M. tridactyla), based on comparative analysis applied to skin segments from central metacarpal torus (palmar pad), dorsal thorax, ventral cervical, ventral abdomen, medial carpal and nasal regions. In order to do so, eight adult specimens of M. tridactyla were used for macroscopic studies and four for microscopic assessments. Microscopy was used to assess fur general features that were macroscopically assessed through visual analysis. Fragments (2.0cm²) were collected from the selected regions for microscopic studies. Samples were fixed on McDowell solution, processed through routine histology techniques and subjected to semi-serial cuts (5 µm). The cuts were stained in HE, Alcian blue and periodic acid Schiff. General morphology of different skin layers was described, as well as their architecture and composition; mesoscopy of the epidermis, dermis and stratum corneum was also carried out. There was difference in skin morphometry between males and females, and between different skin regions in the same animal, based on the statistical evaluation of the recorded values. All epidermis layers were assessed for the selected regions. Dermis encompassed surface and deep layers; it presented sweat and sebaceous glands, as well as hair follicles. Findings also allowed reporting that epidermis components are easily identified given its thickness, and the large amount of sweat glands in it ­ it contrasts its physiological features.(AU)

O objetivo deste estudo foi descrever a morfologia e morfometria da pele do Tamanduá-bandeira (M. tridactyla), mediante a análise comparativa de segmentos cutâneos das regiões central do toro metacarpal (coxim palmar), dorsal do tórax, cervical ventral, ventral do abdome, medial do carpo e nasal. Para tanto, foram utilizados oito exemplares adultos de M. tri-dactyla para o estudo macroscópico, e quatro destes para o estudo microscópico. Macroscopicamente estudou-se, por meio de análise visual, as características gerais do pelo e pelagem. Para o estudo microscópico, foram coletados fragmentos de 2,0 cm2 das áreas selecionadas. As amostras foram fixadas em solução de McDowell, processadas pelas técnicas rotineiras de his-tologia e submetidas a cortes semi-seriados de 5 µm. Os cortes foram corados com HE, azul de Alcian e ácido periódico de Schiff. Descreveu-se a morfologia geral, a arquitetura e a composição das diferentes camadas da pele e ainda realizou-se a mesoscopia da epiderme, derme e estrato córneo. De acordo com a avaliação estatística dos valores obtidos, houve diferença na morfometria cutânea entre machos e fêmeas, e entre as diferentes regiões cutâneas de um mesmo animal. Nas regiões estu-dadas observou-se todas as camadas da epiderme. A derme compôs-se das camadas superficial e profunda, apresentado glân-dulas sudoríferas e sebáceas e folículos pilosos. Dentre os achados também pode-se relatar que os componentes da epiderme são facilmente identificáveis pela sua maior espessura, além da grande quantidade de glândulas sudoríferas presentes, o que contrasta com suas características fisiológicas.(AU)

Effect of the trimming of the toe region of healthy horses forelimb hooves on morphology, distal angles and locomotion by cinematography / [Efeito do casqueamento da região da pinça dos cascos torácicos de equinos sadios sobre a morfologia dos cascos, ângulos articulares distais e locomoção por cinematografia]

Seven forelimb hooves from healthy horses were submitted to regular trimming and fourteen days later, submitted to toe trimming. Toe angle and length, lateral and medial heels, frog and sole length and width, distal, proximal, and metacarpal phalangeal interphalangeal angles were measured, as well as locomotion evaluation through cinematographic analysis. The measurements were performed ten, 14, 15, 30 and 45 days after the regular trimming, and at 14 days two measurements, one before and one after the toe trimming, were carried out. For cinematography, the sequence of supports and time spent in each support were taken. The comparison of the means obtained from the individuals regarding the variables, between limbs, limbs for each individual, time - points, moments for each individual and between limbs for each moment, as well as the time spent in each in the supports, was performed using ANOVA. Results lower than those of statistical significance (p<0.05) were submitted to Tukey's test. The toe trimming promotes changes in toe length, angle, lateral heel angle, medial and lateral heel length, frog length, width, and sole length, and changes the pattern of the trot of horses.

Sete cascos de membros posteriores de cavalos saudáveis foram submetidos ao corte regular e, quatorze dias depois, submetidos ao corte dos pés. Foram medidos ângulo e comprimento dos dedos, saltos laterais e mediais, comprimento e largura do sapo e da sola, ângulos interfalangianos distais, proximais e metacarpianos da falange, bem como avaliação da locomoção através de análise cinematográfica. As medições foram realizadas dez, 14, 15, 30 e 45 dias após o corte regular, e aos 14 dias foram realizadas duas medições, uma antes e uma depois do corte do dedo do pé. Para a cinematografia, foi feita a seqüência de suportes e o tempo gasto em cada suporte. A comparação dos meios obtidos dos indivíduos em relação às variáveis, entre membros, membros para cada indivíduo, tempo - pontos, momentos para cada indivíduo e entre membros para cada momento, assim como o tempo gasto em cada um dos suportes, foi realizada utilizando ANOVA. Resultados inferiores aos de significância estatística (p<0,05) foram submetidos ao teste de Tukey. O corte do pé promove mudanças no comprimento do pé, ângulo, ângulo do calcanhar lateral, comprimento do calcanhar medial e lateral, comprimento do sapo, largura e comprimento da sola, e muda o padrão do trote dos cavalos.

Consolidação de fraturas de tíbia em coelhos / Consolidation of tibia fractures in rabbits

Background: Disorders of the locomotor system are among the main treatments for this species, among the main causes are falls from a cage, arms or stairs and aggression by animals, such as dogs and cats. Biological osteosynthesis promotes early formation of secondary bone callus and allows a less accurate reconstruction of difficult interfragmentary apposition of 100% of the fragments. The objective of this work is to report the method of external immobilization with an aluminum channel aiming at the use of bone biology for the healing of unexposed tibial fractures in 3 rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus). Cases: Between 2020 and 2021, 3 cases of rabbits with unexposed tibial fractures were treated at the Veterinary Hospital. The 3 patients were diagnosed through physical examination and radiographic examination. All patients underwent anesthesia, underwent external immobilization with an aluminum channel, received analgesics and anti-inflammatory drugs, and recommended rest and care with the maintenance of external immobilization. Approximately at 30 days of rigid immobilization, all cases were evaluated by means of radiographic examination revealing the formation of bone callus at different post-immobilization times in the case 1 - 30 days, case 2 - 23 days and case 3 - 37 days. Discussion: Some surgical principles in rabbits must be followed, such as preserving vascularity if the open technique is decided, providing adequate diet, controlling edema, promoting analgesia and deciding on closed reduction if the fracture is recent and stable. The external coaptation method is a non-invasive method for the treatment of fractures and is also indicated with a high success rate for fractures of metacarpal, metatarsal and phalange bones in rabbits. The patient's age contributed to the early healing, which corroborates with case 1 (3-month-old), case 2 (6-month-old) and a little later the healing in case 3 (24-month-old), allowing unrestricted use of the member. It is worth reinforcing the point of view which defends that "biological osteosynthesis" promotes a favorable environment, especially in the preservation of the vascular supply of the periosteum when compared to traditional open surgical approaches. In this species, the surgical approach is a challenge due to the fact that the bones break or crack very easily, because the bones have a low density and higher mineral composition. Together, the skeleton represents 7% of the body weight, lower when compared to dogs and cats, which is 12%. In addition to these factors, rabbits are prone to secondary fractures, postoperative infections and rapid development of osteomyelitis, which significantly worsens the prognosis. The aluminum used in the manufacture of the aluminum channel has properties that offer resistance, lightness and radio transparency radiographic examination without removal of the channel, avoiding excessive micro-movement of the focus of the fracture due to lack of stabilization and possible refracture of the tibia. Rigid external immobilization with an aluminum channel was satisfactory in the 3 patients evaluated and preserved bone biology and anatomical axis. The treatment of choice was easy to apply, in addition to enabling better radiographic follow-up, promoting rapid bone healing for patients and early use of limbs without restrictions. However, for the effectiveness of the technique, the collaboration of tutors is essential.

Fraturas apendiculares em cães e gatos: casuística / Appendicular fractures in dogs and cats: casuistry

A ocorrência de fraturas é comum em cães e gatos, principalmente as ocasionadas por atropelamento. Diante disso, um estudo retrospectivo de cães e gatos atendidos entre abril de 2013 e abril de 2020 no Hospital Veterinário da Universidade Regional do Noroeste do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul foi realizado. O estudo teve como objetivo identificar a prevalência das fraturas apendiculares, a etiologia e o tratamento. De um total de 222 animais, 197 (88,7%) eram cães e 25 (11,3%) eram gatos, os quais apresentaram 254 fraturas apendiculares. Quanto às fraturas, os seguintes resultados foram observados: 86 fraturas de fêmur (33,9%), 58 fraturas de tíbia e fíbula (22,8%), 24 fraturas da pelve (9,4%), 39 fraturas do rádio e da ulna (15,4%), 40 fraturas do úmero (15,7%), 3 fraturas de escápula (1,2%), 3 fraturas de metatarso (1,2%) e 1 fratura de metacarpo (0,4%). Os animais mais afetados foram os cães: machos (n=100; 57,8%), com idade de até três anos (n=123; 62,4%), sem raça definida (n=95; 45%), de porte pequeno (n=123; 62,4%). Desta forma, conclui-se que o perfil de animais com fraturas apendiculares da Região Noroeste do Rio Grande do Sul é: cães machos, sem raça definida, jovens, de pequeno porte, sendo que o fêmur foi o osso mais acometido devido a acidentes automobilísticos.

The occurrence of fractures is common in dogs and cats, especially those caused by being run over. Therefore, a retrospective study of dogs and cats attended between April 2013 and April 2020 at the Veterinary Hospital of the Regional University of the Northwest of the State of Rio Grande do Sul was carried out. The study aimed to identify the prevalence of appendicular fractures, the etiology, and the treatment. Among 222 animals, 197 (88.7%) were dogs and 25 (11.3%) were cats, which presented 254 appendicular fractures. Regarding the fractures, the following results were observed: 86 fractures of femur (33.9%), 58 fractures of tibia and fibula (22.8%), 24 fractures of pelvis (9.4%), 39 fractures of radius and ulna (15.4%), 40 fractures of humerus (15.7%), 3 fractures of scapular (1.2%), 3 fractures of metatarsal (1.2%), and 1 fracture of metacarpal (0.4%). The most affected animals were dogs: male (n = 100; 57.8%), aged up to three years (n=123; 62.4%), mixed breed (n=95; 45%), small size (n=123; 62.4%). In conclusion, the animals profile with appendicular fractures of the Northwest Region of Rio Grande do Sul is: male dogs, mixed breed, young, small, and with femur as the most affected bone due to automobile accidents.

Correção de deformidade flexural da articulação metacarpofalangeana em uma bezerra / Correction of flexural deformity of the metacarpophalangeal joint in a calf

Background: The congenital flexural deformity is common in cattle, often affecting the metacarpophalangeal joint of thethoracic limbs. The deformity may be mild, moderate, or severe, and the therapy depends on the limb’s degree of flexionand the affected joint. In severe deformities, tenotomy of the flexor tendons and desmotomy of the suspensor ligament isrecommended. However, this surgical technique may not be sufficient to promote limb extension, and other interventionsmay be necessary. Thus, the purpose of this report is to describe a technique to correct severe flexural deformities of themetacarpophalangeal joint in calves.Case: A 3-month-old, female, Dutch-bred calf weighing 46 kg was referred for treatment of congenital flexural deformity.On attendance, the patient presented severe deformity in the right thoracic limb and mild in the left thoracic limb both at theheight of the metacarpophalangeal joints. During palpation it was possible to notice that the flexor tendons were contractedin both limbs. Radiographic exams were performed to rule out the presence of other diseases, confirming the diagnosis offlexural deformity. The patient was referred to surgery to correct the anatomical anomaly. The animal was submitted to general anesthesia and placed in right lateral decubitus. In the left thoracic limb, an incision was made in the medial region ofthe metacarpal bone, the tissues were divulsioned until the superficial digital and deep digital flexor tendons were exposed;these structures were sectioned with a scalpel, and the limb was extended, returning to the standard anatomical position. Inthe right thoracic limb, the same procedure was performed, but during the limb extension test, we observed that the limbremained flexed, we then followed with a second incision and section of the deep...

Manejo da deformidade flexural congênita em bezerro - aspectos cirúrgicos e patológicos / Management of a congenital flexural deformity in a calf - surgical and pathological aspects

Background: Flexural deformities are anatomical deviations, in varying degrees, of one or more joints, and may have a congenital or acquired origin. Congenital contracture of the deep digital flexor tendon (DDFT) affects newborn calves and results in hyperflexion of the metacarpal-phalangeal joint, which in severe cases means that the animal must support its own weight on its fetlock joints. The aim of this study is to report the rapid and successful result of applying bilateral total tenotomy technique on a newborn bovine that had been diagnosed with severe bilateral DDFT contracture in the thoracic limbs. Case: A 3-week-old male bovine with a history of difficulty in maintaining a quadrupedal position was attended at the Veterinary Hospital of the Federal University of Tocantins. The animal had severe bilateral locomotor alterations in the thoracic members to the point that he walked on his fetlock joints. The physical examination revealed clinical parameters within the normal range. However, the locomotor system examination showed severe flexor deformity in the bilateral metacarpal-phalangeal joints, and the limbs were being supported on the dorsal face of the fetlock joints, which presented ulcerations, and was suggestive of a shortening of the DDFT. Based on the patient’s history and clinical examination, as well as the severity of the tendon contractures, surgical treatment using the DDFT bilateral total tenotomy technique was decided upon. Postoperative treatment consisted of 2.5 mg/kg of enrofloxacin intramuscularly (IM), SID, for 5 days and 0.5 mg/kg meloxicam via IM, SID, for 3 days; as well as a dressing (cotton, medical bandage and a PVC mold) on the thoracic limbs to provide support and allow the animal to..

Manejo da deformidade flexural congênita em bezerro - aspectos cirúrgicos e patológicos / Management of a congenital flexural deformity in a calf - surgical and pathological aspects

Background: Flexural deformities are anatomical deviations, in varying degrees, of one or more joints, and may have a congenital or acquired origin. Congenital contracture of the deep digital flexor tendon (DDFT) affects newborn calves and results in hyperflexion of the metacarpal-phalangeal joint, which in severe cases means that the animal must support its own weight on its fetlock joints. The aim of this study is to report the rapid and successful result of applying bilateral total tenotomy technique on a newborn bovine that had been diagnosed with severe bilateral DDFT contracture in the thoracic limbs. Case: A 3-week-old male bovine with a history of difficulty in maintaining a quadrupedal position was attended at the Veterinary Hospital of the Federal University of Tocantins. The animal had severe bilateral locomotor alterations in the thoracic members to the point that he walked on his fetlock joints. The physical examination revealed clinical parameters within the normal range. However, the locomotor system examination showed severe flexor deformity in the bilateral metacarpal-phalangeal joints, and the limbs were being supported on the dorsal face of the fetlock joints, which presented ulcerations, and was suggestive of a shortening of the DDFT. Based on the patients history and clinical examination, as well as the severity of the tendon contractures, surgical treatment using the DDFT bilateral total tenotomy technique was decided upon. Postoperative treatment consisted of 2.5 mg/kg of enrofloxacin intramuscularly (IM), SID, for 5 days and 0.5 mg/kg meloxicam via IM, SID, for 3 days; as well as a dressing (cotton, medical bandage and a PVC mold) on the thoracic limbs to provide support and allow the animal to..(AU)

Foals developmental orthopedic disease associated with metabolic and biometric characterization of pregnant overweight crioulo mares

Background: Musculoskeletal changes in growing foals can be linked to metabolic disorders which affect the cartilage metabolism associated of obesity during the late gestation of the mares, negatively affecting the athletic performance of the otherwise prospective foals. High basal insulin levels can be associated with increased weight and obesity of the mares, altering the supply of the glucose to the fetus and the production of IGF-1, which plays an important role in the endochondral cartilage metabolism. The present study aims to describe the association of metabolic and biometric alterations in overweight Criollo mares with IGF-1 levels and the presence of articular and physeal lesions in their foals. Materials, Methods & Results: A prospective and observational cohort study was conducted using the foals and the overweight mares at field conditions. Twenty-eight foals and their overweight mothers were utilized. The foals’ biometric and metabolic features as weight and height; glucose, total cholesterol, cholesterol HDL, triglycerides, basal insulin, leptin, glucose, total T4 and IGF-1 were analyzed, from the birth until the weaning period around sixth month of life of it. All the foals, at the weaning period, were submitted to the radiograph examination of the tarsal joints and the metacarpal-phalangeal joints to evaluate signs of lesions and the possible distal metacarpal physeal changes, respectively. The mares’ biometric and metabolic features as weight, height and fat tail-head deposition; basal insulin, leptin, glucose, total cholesterol, cholesterol HDL and triglycerides were analyzed at the final period of gestation. The basal insulin levels of the foals at the second, fourth and sixth month of life were 9.87 ± 1.82 µUI/mL, 9.13 ± 1.94 µUI/mL, 9.39 ± 2.54 µUI/mL. The IGF-1 levels of the foals at the second, third, fourth, fifth and sixth...

Non-cardiogenic thromboembolism in a Persian cat with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

Background: Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy is the most common acquired cardiovascular disease in the feline species. A frequent complication of this cardiomyopathy is the development of cardiac congestive failure, left atrial enlargement and subsequent development of arterial thromboembolism. In a significant percentage of affected animals there is progression to congestive heart failure, resulting in cyanosis and dyspnea, often the first clinical signs reported by owners. This is a report of a 10-year-old Persian cat with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and venous and arterial thromboembolism of non-cardiogenic origin. Case: The patient was referred for cardiac evaluation, arterial thromboembolism was the suspected cause of tetraparesis. On clinical examination, a metacarpal pulse was present in all limbs; there was no cyanosis or peripheral hypothermia thus, ruling out a thromboembolic event in the limbs. Changes consistent with feline asthma and pulmonary edema were seen on radiographs, therefore hypertrophic cardiomyopathy was suspected. Treatment with enalapril (0.25 mg/kg every 12 h) for the heart condition and prednisolone (1 mg/kg every 24 h) for asthma was started. Nine days later, the patient developed mixed dyspnea (inspiratory and expiratory) and was hospitalized with signs consistent with arterial thromboembolism: paralysis and cold extremities in the right and left pelvic limbs. The patient was euthanized due to the poor prognosis. Postmortem and histopathological findings revealed left ventricular concentric hypertrophy, with no valvular changes; disseminated intravascular coagulation, with thrombi in the arterial (iliac arteries, pancreatic and renal vessels) and venous (pulmonary and renal veins) beds; as well as multiple neoplastic lung masses, identified as scirrhous pulmonary adenocarcinoma, responsible for increased interstitial radiopacity. Metastasis was also identified at the tracheal bifurcation, causing radiographic changes similar to the alveolar pattern of pulmonary edema

Non-cardiogenic thromboembolism in a Persian cat with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

Background: Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy is the most common acquired cardiovascular disease in the feline species. A frequent complication of this cardiomyopathy is the development of cardiac congestive failure, left atrial enlargement and subsequent development of arterial thromboembolism. In a significant percentage of affected animals there is progression to congestive heart failure, resulting in cyanosis and dyspnea, often the first clinical signs reported by owners. This is a report of a 10-year-old Persian cat with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and venous and arterial thromboembolism of non-cardiogenic origin. Case: The patient was referred for cardiac evaluation, arterial thromboembolism was the suspected cause of tetraparesis. On clinical examination, a metacarpal pulse was present in all limbs; there was no cyanosis or peripheral hypothermia thus, ruling out a thromboembolic event in the limbs. Changes consistent with feline asthma and pulmonary edema were seen on radiographs, therefore hypertrophic cardiomyopathy was suspected. Treatment with enalapril (0.25 mg/kg every 12 h) for the heart condition and prednisolone (1 mg/kg every 24 h) for asthma was started. Nine days later, the patient developed mixed dyspnea (inspiratory and expiratory) and was hospitalized with signs consistent with arterial thromboembolism: paralysis and cold extremities in the right and left pelvic limbs. The patient was euthanized due to the poor prognosis. Postmortem and histopathological findings revealed left ventricular concentric hypertrophy, with no valvular changes; disseminated intravascular coagulation, with thrombi in the arterial (iliac arteries, pancreatic and renal vessels) and venous (pulmonary and renal veins) beds; as well as multiple neoplastic lung masses, identified as scirrhous pulmonary adenocarcinoma, responsible for increased interstitial radiopacity. Metastasis was also identified at the tracheal bifurcation, causing radiographic changes similar to the alveolar pattern of pulmonary edema…(AU)

Clinical and radiographic aspects of metacarpal remodeling secondary to a rubber band (latex) compression in a dog

Background: Musculoskeletal disorders are a common complaint in veterinary small animal casuistic. Along with fractures, degenerative and of carcinogenic etiology are the most frequent and radiographic lesion pattern at these diseases isrelative well defined. However, traumatic lesions, considering its innumerous possibilities, may cause unusual clinical andradiographic signs which will delay diagnosis and consequently, adequate treatment. A case of bone osteolysis caused bya compressive trauma by a rubber band is described with its clinical, laboratorial and radiographic aspects.Case: A 2-year-old female dog was attended at the Veterinary Hospital of the Dom Bosco Catholic University (UCDB),with main complaint being an unresponsive to treatment lesion at the left thoracic limb. At physical examination it wasobserved lameness of the left thoracic limb with an ulcerative lesion at the palmar surface. At the center of the ulcer a 0.3cm line shaped yellow object was identified, similar to a rubber band. Traction was made and the object distended 5 cmwithout breaking nor leaving the injury. Showing signs of discomfort, the patient was then sedated for further manipulation. A blood sample for complete blood count and serum biochemistry was collected and radiographic image of the leftcarpometacarpal-phalangeal region was acquired. Blood analysis revealed moderate thrombocytopenia with an unremarkable serum biochemistry profile (alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, creatinine and urea). It was observedmetacarpals with increased radiopacity in bone tissue in the mid-diaphysis topography of the II, III, IV and V metacarpalbones, presence of bone remodeling with radiolucent area and slight bone loss (osteolysis) in the mid-diaphysis associatedwith discrete sclerosis of the medullary cavity of the II, III and V metacarpals. The patient was submitted to surgery and a3 cm incision was made following the way...

Osteossíntese com haste bloqueada (“interlocking nail”) como tratamento de fratura do terceiro metatarso após artrodese metatarsofângica com haste intramedular modificada em equino / Osteosynthesis with blocked nail (“interlocking nail”) as a treatment for fracture of the third metatarsal after metatarsophalangeal arthrodesis with modified intramedullary nail in equine

Background: The metacarpal/metatarsophalangeal joints, as well as the suspensory apparatus, are usually affected by injuries, due to the intense physical demand during sports and great range of motion, predisposing to degenerative processes,trauma and rupture of the suspensory apparatus. In this case, arthrodesis is the main technique indicated. Such surgicaltechniques have a poor prognosis due to post-surgical complications, such as implant infection. Therefore, the study ofprocedures that promote better joint stabilization is important, with reduced surgical time and tissue exposure, decreasingsignificantly the chance of infection and other possible complications.Case: A 5-year-old male horse was referred to the hospital with a history of trauma and a lacerating wound in the metatarsalplantar region of the left hindlimb. The animal presented grade IV (I-V) claudication of the left hindlimb with hyperextension of the metatarsophalangeal joint and significant pain on palpation, evidencing the rupture of the superficial, deep digitalflexor tendons and suspensory ligament of the fetlock. The initial surgical treatment was performed using the arthrodesistechnique described by [16]. The intramedullary nail was used with fixation of the plate on the plantar face of the first phalanx together with a single plate fused to the pin, adjusted according to size of the first phalanx, 13 mm thick x 15 cm long,forming an angle between 120º and 140º. Twenty-four h after surgery, there was a simple spiral diaphyseal fracture (typeA), in the middle third of the third metatarsal bone in the region of the proximal end, due to the lever held by the short nailagainst the diaphysis cortex. To treat the complication, an intramedullary 316 L surgical steel rod 13 mm thick x 21 cm longwas used, filling the entire spinal canal. The nail had three holes at the proximal end and two holes at the distal end...

Osteossíntese com haste bloqueada (“interlocking nail”) como tratamento de fratura do terceiro metatarso após artrodese metatarsofângica com haste intramedular modificada em equino / Osteosynthesis with blocked nail (“interlocking nail”) as a treatment for fracture of the third metatarsal after metatarsophalangeal arthrodesis with modified intramedullary nail in equine

Background: The metacarpal/metatarsophalangeal joints, as well as the suspensory apparatus, are usually affected by injuries, due to the intense physical demand during sports and great range of motion, predisposing to degenerative processes,trauma and rupture of the suspensory apparatus. In this case, arthrodesis is the main technique indicated. Such surgicaltechniques have a poor prognosis due to post-surgical complications, such as implant infection. Therefore, the study ofprocedures that promote better joint stabilization is important, with reduced surgical time and tissue exposure, decreasingsignificantly the chance of infection and other possible complications.Case: A 5-year-old male horse was referred to the hospital with a history of trauma and a lacerating wound in the metatarsalplantar region of the left hindlimb. The animal presented grade IV (I-V) claudication of the left hindlimb with hyperextension of the metatarsophalangeal joint and significant pain on palpation, evidencing the rupture of the superficial, deep digitalflexor tendons and suspensory ligament of the fetlock. The initial surgical treatment was performed using the arthrodesistechnique described by [16]. The intramedullary nail was used with fixation of the plate on the plantar face of the first phalanx together with a single plate fused to the pin, adjusted according to size of the first phalanx, 13 mm thick x 15 cm long,forming an angle between 120º and 140º. Twenty-four h after surgery, there was a simple spiral diaphyseal fracture (typeA), in the middle third of the third metatarsal bone in the region of the proximal end, due to the lever held by the short nailagainst the diaphysis cortex. To treat the complication, an intramedullary 316 L surgical steel rod 13 mm thick x 21 cm longwas used, filling the entire spinal canal. The nail had three holes at the proximal end and two holes at the distal end...(AU)

Clinical and radiographic aspects of metacarpal remodeling secondary to a rubber band (latex) compression in a dog

Background: Musculoskeletal disorders are a common complaint in veterinary small animal casuistic. Along with fractures, degenerative and of carcinogenic etiology are the most frequent and radiographic lesion pattern at these diseases isrelative well defined. However, traumatic lesions, considering its innumerous possibilities, may cause unusual clinical andradiographic signs which will delay diagnosis and consequently, adequate treatment. A case of bone osteolysis caused bya compressive trauma by a rubber band is described with its clinical, laboratorial and radiographic aspects.Case: A 2-year-old female dog was attended at the Veterinary Hospital of the Dom Bosco Catholic University (UCDB),with main complaint being an unresponsive to treatment lesion at the left thoracic limb. At physical examination it wasobserved lameness of the left thoracic limb with an ulcerative lesion at the palmar surface. At the center of the ulcer a 0.3cm line shaped yellow object was identified, similar to a rubber band. Traction was made and the object distended 5 cmwithout breaking nor leaving the injury. Showing signs of discomfort, the patient was then sedated for further manipulation. A blood sample for complete blood count and serum biochemistry was collected and radiographic image of the leftcarpometacarpal-phalangeal region was acquired. Blood analysis revealed moderate thrombocytopenia with an unremarkable serum biochemistry profile (alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, creatinine and urea). It was observedmetacarpals with increased radiopacity in bone tissue in the mid-diaphysis topography of the II, III, IV and V metacarpalbones, presence of bone remodeling with radiolucent area and slight bone loss (osteolysis) in the mid-diaphysis associatedwith discrete sclerosis of the medullary cavity of the II, III and V metacarpals. The patient was submitted to surgery and a3 cm incision was made following the way...(AU)

Sites of anesthetic block of the lateral and medial palmar metacarpal nerves in equines of indeterminate breed

Background: Local anesthesia blockage at equines claudication diagnosis besides favoring the beginning of the therapyand relieving patients pain, it allows the identification of the specific affected region and its origin, however, if it isdone incorrectly (by improper volume of anesthetics application and/or mistakenly nerve identification due to the lack ofanatomic referential) it may cause inflammation, infection or even tissue necrosis. The aim was describing anatomicallylateral and medial palmar metacarpal nerves in equines to improve diagnostic anesthetic block techniques on four metacarpophalangeal articulation joints of the specie.Materials, Methods & Results: A number of 20 thoracic limbs from 10 equines of indeterminate breed were used to befixated in 10% phormaldehyde and with a marked arterial system by water solution of red dyed latex. The structures wereidentified by dissection, and their denomination bases on Nomina Anatomica Veterinaria (N.A.V.) by the InternationalCommittee on Veterinary Gross Anatomical Nomenclature. The study had been approved by the Board of Ethics in AnimalUse of the University Center of Patos de Minas (UNIPAM), protocol n° 18/17. The lateral and medial palmar metacarpalnerves have been observed in all of the specimens originated from the deep branch of lateral palmar nerve, immediatelydistal to the intercarpal articulation. After its origin, the first nerve stretched ipsilaterally from the common trunk, whilstthe second nerve positioned counter-lateral manner after superficially crossing the interosseus muscle. Both penetrated atthe level of the mid third of the referred muscle and the metacarpal bone III and, assumed respectively a parallel medialposition to the metacarpal bone IV and lateral to the metacarpal II, being intimately associated to the palmar face of themetacarpal bone III. Distally, those nerves emerged from a palmar position to a lateral and medial to...(AU)

Sites of anesthetic block of the lateral and medial palmar metacarpal nerves in equines of indeterminate breed

Background: Local anesthesia blockage at equines claudication diagnosis besides favoring the beginning of the therapyand relieving patient’s pain, it allows the identification of the specific affected region and its origin, however, if it isdone incorrectly (by improper volume of anesthetics application and/or mistakenly nerve identification due to the lack ofanatomic referential) it may cause inflammation, infection or even tissue necrosis. The aim was describing anatomicallylateral and medial palmar metacarpal nerves in equines to improve diagnostic anesthetic block techniques on four metacarpophalangeal articulation joints of the specie.Materials, Methods & Results: A number of 20 thoracic limbs from 10 equines of indeterminate breed were used to befixated in 10% phormaldehyde and with a marked arterial system by water solution of red dyed latex. The structures wereidentified by dissection, and their denomination bases on Nomina Anatomica Veterinaria (N.A.V.) by the InternationalCommittee on Veterinary Gross Anatomical Nomenclature. The study had been approved by the Board of Ethics in AnimalUse of the University Center of Patos de Minas (UNIPAM), protocol n° 18/17. The lateral and medial palmar metacarpalnerves have been observed in all of the specimens originated from the deep branch of lateral palmar nerve, immediatelydistal to the intercarpal articulation. After its origin, the first nerve stretched ipsilaterally from the common trunk, whilstthe second nerve positioned counter-lateral manner after superficially crossing the interosseus muscle. Both penetrated atthe level of the mid third of the referred muscle and the metacarpal bone III and, assumed respectively a parallel medialposition to the metacarpal bone IV and lateral to the metacarpal II, being intimately associated to the palmar face of themetacarpal bone III. Distally, those nerves emerged from a palmar position to a lateral and medial to...

Pulmonary carcinoma metastasis in a feline digit

Background: Primary pulmonary neoplasia is rare in domestic cats, with fewer than 1% of all tumors diagnosed in thisspecies. Primary lung tumors have a high percentage of metastases, observed in up to 75% of cases in cats. The lung-digitsyndrome is characterized by primary pulmonary neoplasms with metastases to the extremities of the limbs, mainly distalphalanges, possibly involving several digits and more than one limb. This report describes a case of pulmonary carcinomametastasis in a cat digit.Case: A 16-year-old neutered female cat was showing increased volume of the fourth digit was examined at the Universityof Caxias do Sul veterinary clinic. The animal also showed signs of progressive weight loss, apathy and limping on theright thoracic limb. After clinical evaluation, the animal was sent for radiographic examination of the right metacarpal/phalangeal region and the thorax. A radiopaque structure was observed with discreet central regions of radiolucency,measuring approximately 3 cm in height, 3.4 cm in length and 2.4 cm in depth in the left caudal lung, suggesting neoplasiaor pulmonary abscess. Digit image revealed osteolysis of the right and middle distal phalanx measuring 2 cm in height, 3cm in breadth and 1 cm in length. In view of these radiographic changes, we performed fine needle aspiration cytology ofthe digit and a nodule in the region of the skeletal musculature of the right thoracic limb. Cytological evaluation revealedcells had cilia on their surface (compatible with respiratory epithelium). The cytologic findings of the fine-needle biopsywere suggestive of carcinoma. After stabilization, the digit was amputated. The material was sent to the laboratory of theFederal University of Pelotas for histopathological examination...

Artrodese metatarsofalângica por meio da técnica do cesto de aço modificada em potro / Metatarsophalangeal arthrodesis through the modified steel basket technique in foal

Background: The metacarpophalangeal and metatarsophalangeal joints are very demanded during high intensity exercises,and may be affected by osteoarthritis, fractures, luxations and rupture of the suspensory apparatus. Thus, arthrodesis maybe indicated to restore joint stability and accelerate the ankylosis process. The most commonly used surgical techniqueshave been associated with postoperative complications, including infection and failure of the implants, so it is importantto develop procedures that are less invasive procedures and promoting stable fixation. Therefore, the aim of this work isto report the use of the modified steel basket technique for metatarsophalangeal arthrodesis in a foal with hyperextensionof the joint due to rupture of the digital flexor muscles.Case: A 2-day-old male foal was admitted to clinical care, presenting multiple cutaneous wounds caused by dogs bites,located in the tarsus and thigh of the hindlimb. The animal presented in standing position and had no difficulty of movement,being initially treated through daily cleaning of the cutaneous wounds and systemic antibiotic therapy. Hyperextension ofthe metatarsophalangeal joint was evidenced after 20 days, being approached through tenotomy and tendon shortening,followed by tenorrhaphy and immobilization for 30 days. Due to the failure of the treatment, it was opted for metatarsophalangeal arthrodesis by modified steel basket technique. The procedure involved the implantation of a steel basket of25.0 mm in diameter x 25.0 mm long in a 24.0 mm hole created on the dorsal surface between the third metacarpal andthe proximal phalanx. The basket was filled with bone extracted from drilling and fixed with two cortical screws at anangle of 25° toward proximoplantar and distoplantar direction. Immobilization of the limb was performed postoperativelywith synthetic plaster cast for 45 days and, due to the persistence of lameness...

Artrodese metatarsofalângica por meio da técnica do cesto de aço modificada em potro / Metatarsophalangeal arthrodesis through the modified steel basket technique in foal

Background: The metacarpophalangeal and metatarsophalangeal joints are very demanded during high intensity exercises,and may be affected by osteoarthritis, fractures, luxations and rupture of the suspensory apparatus. Thus, arthrodesis maybe indicated to restore joint stability and accelerate the ankylosis process. The most commonly used surgical techniqueshave been associated with postoperative complications, including infection and failure of the implants, so it is importantto develop procedures that are less invasive procedures and promoting stable fixation. Therefore, the aim of this work isto report the use of the modified steel basket technique for metatarsophalangeal arthrodesis in a foal with hyperextensionof the joint due to rupture of the digital flexor muscles.Case: A 2-day-old male foal was admitted to clinical care, presenting multiple cutaneous wounds caused by dogs bites,located in the tarsus and thigh of the hindlimb. The animal presented in standing position and had no difficulty of movement,being initially treated through daily cleaning of the cutaneous wounds and systemic antibiotic therapy. Hyperextension ofthe metatarsophalangeal joint was evidenced after 20 days, being approached through tenotomy and tendon shortening,followed by tenorrhaphy and immobilization for 30 days. Due to the failure of the treatment, it was opted for metatarsophalangeal arthrodesis by modified steel basket technique. The procedure involved the implantation of a steel basket of25.0 mm in diameter x 25.0 mm long in a 24.0 mm hole created on the dorsal surface between the third metacarpal andthe proximal phalanx. The basket was filled with bone extracted from drilling and fixed with two cortical screws at anangle of 25° toward proximoplantar and distoplantar direction. Immobilization of the limb was performed postoperativelywith synthetic plaster cast for 45 days and, due to the persistence of lameness...(AU)