Lesão na região metacarpiana do membro torácico esquerdo de bezerra Gir decorrente de contenção para pesagem / Injury in the metacarpinal region of the left thoracic limbs resulting from retention for weighing in a Gir calf

Fraturas ósseas e luxações são mais comuns em animais jovens e, na maioria das vezes, essas fraturas ocorrem devido ao manejo incorreto desses animais, podendo levar a uma queda de produção a curto ou longo prazo, gerando perdas econômicas e produtivas de animais de alto padrão genético. Nesse contexto, o objetivo deste trabalho foi relatar a ocorrência de uma fratura na região metacarpiana do membro torácico esquerdo de uma bezerra Gir de 12 dias de idade, causada por uma contenção ineficaz durante a pesagem. O animal proveniente de uma fazenda em Umirim/CE foi encaminhado ao Hospital Veterinário de Grandes Animais do Centro Universitário INTA em Sobral/CE. Ao passar pelo exame radiográfico, foi constatada a fratura na região metacarpiana do membro torácico esquerdo. O animal foi imobilizado de forma manual, seguindo-se métodos semiológicos para minimizar o estresse. Para a imobilização do membro, foi utilizada a muleta de Thomas modificada e bandagens, associadas ao controle da dor com as drogas Flunixin meglumine (1,1mg/kg) e Fenilbutazona (4,4mg/kg). Depois da imobilização, o animal seguiu internado no HOVET-GA e, após 18 dias, foi realizada uma nova radiografia para ver o progresso a partir do tratamento adotado. Constatou-se a formação de um calo ósseo, com a ossificação da fratura, não sendo necessário o encaminhamento cirúrgico do animal. Assim, o tratamento com muleta de Thomas modificada foi efetivo para a recuperação do membro fraturado, além de ser um tratamento de baixo custo e fácil aplicação, tendo o animal apresentado uma boa resposta ao tratamento terapêutico para controle da dor.

Bone fractures and dislocations are more common in young animals and mostly occur due to incorrect handling of these animals, which can lead to a short or long-term drop in production, generating economic and productive losses of animals of high genetic standard. This study aimed to report the occurrence of a fracture in the metacarpal region of the left thoracic limb of a 12-day-old Gir heifer, caused by an ineffective restraint during weighing. The animal from a farm in Umirim/CE was sent to the Veterinary Hospital of Large Animals of the University Center INTA in Sobral/CE. The radiographic examination found a fracture in the metacarpal region of the left thoracic limb. The animal was manually immobilized following semiological methods to minimize stress. For the limb immobilization, a modified Thomas crutch and bandages associated with pain control with the drugs Flunixin meglumine (1.1mg/kg) and Phenylbutazone (4.4mg/kg) were used. After immobilization, the animal remained hospitalized at HOVET-GA and after 18 days a new radiograph was performed to evaluate the progress achieved with the treatment adopted. It was found the formation of a bone callus with the ossification of the fracture, not requiring the surgical referral of the animal. Thus, the treatment with the modified Thomas crutch was effective for the recovery of the fractured limb, in addition to being a low-cost and easy-to-apply treatment. The animal showed a good response to the therapeutic treatment for pain control.

Morphometrics of the Indian false vampire bat (Megaderma lyra) from district Jhelum, Pakistan / Morfometria do falso morcego vampiro indiano (Megadermalyra) do distrito de Jhelum, Paquistão

During the present study thirteen Megaderma lyra bats were observed roosting in dark, domed shaped room of Rohtas Fort, district Jhelum. Out of these, six specimens were captured from the roosting site, using hand net. All captured specimens were male. These bats were identified through their unique facial features, an erect and elongated nose-leaf, large oval ears that joined above the forehead and no tail. Mean head and body length of captured specimens was 80 mm, forearm length was 67 mm while average lengths of 3rd, 4th and 5th metacarpals were 51.73 mm, 55.17 mm and 60.42 mm, respectively. Mean skull length was 29.84 mm, breadth of braincase was 12.77 mm. Average Penis length of two specimens was 6.6 mm and total bacular length was 3.08 mm respectively. This is the first record of Megaderma lyra from district Jhelum.(AU)

Durante o presente estudo, 13 morcegos Megadermalyra foram observados empoleirados em uma sala escura em forma de cúpula no Forte Rohtas, distrito de Jhelum, dos quais 6 espécimes foram capturados no local usando rede manual. Todos os espécimes capturados eram machos. Esses morcegos foram identificados por suas características faciais únicas, uma folha nasal ereta e alongada, grandes orelhas ovais que se juntam acima da testa e sem cauda. O comprimento médio da cabeça e do corpo dos espécimes capturados foi de 80 mm, o comprimento do antebraço foi de 67 mm, enquanto os comprimentos médios do 3º, 4º e 5º metacarpos foram de 51,73 mm, 55,17 mm e 60,42 mm, respectivamente. O comprimento médio do crânio foi de 29,84 mm, e a largura da caixa craniana, de 12,77 mm. O comprimento médio do pênis de duas amostras foi de 6,6 mm, e o comprimento total do báculo foi de 3,08 mm. Este é o primeiro registro de Megadermalyra no distrito de Jhelum.(AU)

Morphometrics of the indian false vampire bat (Megaderma lyra) from district Jhelum, Pakistan

Abstract During the present study thirteen Megaderma lyra bats were observed roosting in dark, domed shaped room of Rohtas Fort, district Jhelum. Out of these, six specimens were captured from the roosting site, using hand net. All captured specimens were male. These bats were identified through their unique facial features, an erect and elongated nose-leaf, large oval ears that joined above the forehead and no tail. Mean head and body length of captured specimens was 80 mm, forearm length was 67 mm while average lengths of 3rd, 4th and 5th metacarpals were 51.73 mm, 55.17 mm and 60.42 mm, respectively. Mean skull length was 29.84 mm, breadth of braincase was 12.77 mm. Average Penis length of two specimens was 6.6 mm and total bacular length was 3.08 mm respectively. This is the first record of Megaderma lyra from district Jhelum.

Resumo Durante o presente estudo, 13 morcegos Megadermalyra foram observados empoleirados em uma sala escura em forma de cúpula no Forte Rohtas, distrito de Jhelum, dos quais 6 espécimes foram capturados no local usando rede manual. Todos os espécimes capturados eram machos. Esses morcegos foram identificados por suas características faciais únicas, uma folha nasal ereta e alongada, grandes orelhas ovais que se juntam acima da testa e sem cauda. O comprimento médio da cabeça e do corpo dos espécimes capturados foi de 80 mm, o comprimento do antebraço foi de 67 mm, enquanto os comprimentos médios do 3º, 4º e 5º metacarpos foram de 51,73 mm, 55,17 mm e 60,42 mm, respectivamente. O comprimento médio do crânio foi de 29,84 mm, e a largura da caixa craniana, de 12,77 mm. O comprimento médio do pênis de duas amostras foi de 6,6 mm, e o comprimento total do báculo foi de 3,08 mm. Este é o primeiro registro de Megadermalyra no distrito de Jhelum.

Clinical and radiographic aspects of metacarpal remodeling secondary to a rubber band (latex) compression in a dog

Background: Musculoskeletal disorders are a common complaint in veterinary small animal casuistic. Along with fractures, degenerative and of carcinogenic etiology are the most frequent and radiographic lesion pattern at these diseases isrelative well defined. However, traumatic lesions, considering its innumerous possibilities, may cause unusual clinical andradiographic signs which will delay diagnosis and consequently, adequate treatment. A case of bone osteolysis caused bya compressive trauma by a rubber band is described with its clinical, laboratorial and radiographic aspects.Case: A 2-year-old female dog was attended at the Veterinary Hospital of the Dom Bosco Catholic University (UCDB),with main complaint being an unresponsive to treatment lesion at the left thoracic limb. At physical examination it wasobserved lameness of the left thoracic limb with an ulcerative lesion at the palmar surface. At the center of the ulcer a 0.3cm line shaped yellow object was identified, similar to a rubber band. Traction was made and the object distended 5 cmwithout breaking nor leaving the injury. Showing signs of discomfort, the patient was then sedated for further manipulation. A blood sample for complete blood count and serum biochemistry was collected and radiographic image of the leftcarpometacarpal-phalangeal region was acquired. Blood analysis revealed moderate thrombocytopenia with an unremarkable serum biochemistry profile (alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, creatinine and urea). It was observedmetacarpals with increased radiopacity in bone tissue in the mid-diaphysis topography of the II, III, IV and V metacarpalbones, presence of bone remodeling with radiolucent area and slight bone loss (osteolysis) in the mid-diaphysis associatedwith discrete sclerosis of the medullary cavity of the II, III and V metacarpals. The patient was submitted to surgery and a3 cm incision was made following the way...

Clinical and radiographic aspects of metacarpal remodeling secondary to a rubber band (latex) compression in a dog

Background: Musculoskeletal disorders are a common complaint in veterinary small animal casuistic. Along with fractures, degenerative and of carcinogenic etiology are the most frequent and radiographic lesion pattern at these diseases isrelative well defined. However, traumatic lesions, considering its innumerous possibilities, may cause unusual clinical andradiographic signs which will delay diagnosis and consequently, adequate treatment. A case of bone osteolysis caused bya compressive trauma by a rubber band is described with its clinical, laboratorial and radiographic aspects.Case: A 2-year-old female dog was attended at the Veterinary Hospital of the Dom Bosco Catholic University (UCDB),with main complaint being an unresponsive to treatment lesion at the left thoracic limb. At physical examination it wasobserved lameness of the left thoracic limb with an ulcerative lesion at the palmar surface. At the center of the ulcer a 0.3cm line shaped yellow object was identified, similar to a rubber band. Traction was made and the object distended 5 cmwithout breaking nor leaving the injury. Showing signs of discomfort, the patient was then sedated for further manipulation. A blood sample for complete blood count and serum biochemistry was collected and radiographic image of the leftcarpometacarpal-phalangeal region was acquired. Blood analysis revealed moderate thrombocytopenia with an unremarkable serum biochemistry profile (alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, creatinine and urea). It was observedmetacarpals with increased radiopacity in bone tissue in the mid-diaphysis topography of the II, III, IV and V metacarpalbones, presence of bone remodeling with radiolucent area and slight bone loss (osteolysis) in the mid-diaphysis associatedwith discrete sclerosis of the medullary cavity of the II, III and V metacarpals. The patient was submitted to surgery and a3 cm incision was made following the way...(AU)

Osteopatia hipertrófica idiopática em um gatoˆipt / Hypertrophic osteopathy in a catˆien

Background: Hypertrophic osteopathy (OH) is a syndrome characterized by progressive bilateral periosteal bone neofor-mation that mainly affects the thoracic and pelvic limb bones’ metaphyses and diaphyses. In most cases, it is secondary to a chronic primary lesion located in the thoracic cavity but can be associated with an abdominal injury that has already been occurred. The occurrence of this condition without being associated with a primary lesion is considered infrequent in animals. The purpose of this report was to describe a case of idiopathic hypertrophic osteopathy in a cat with a description of clinical signs and radiographic and anatomopathological findings.Case: A male adult cat was brought to the veterinarian with an initial observation by the owner of four limbs’ volume in-crease, apathy, and reluctance to move. Upon clinical examination, the animal presented dehydration, mucosal hyperemia, hyperthermia, and bilateral edema of the thoracic and pelvic limbs. Based on the radiographic examination, a periosteal reaction with palisade-like appearance was found in the metacarpals, radios, ulna, humerus, scapulae, tibias, and fibulae. There were no significant changes in additional exams. Due to poor prognosis, the cat was euthanized and referred for necropsy and histopathological examination. All organs were examined both macroscopically and microscopically. Frag-ments were fixed in 10% formalin and routinely processed for histological slides with hematoxylin–eosin and Masson’s trichrome, and limb bones that were not fixed in formalin were macerated. Lesions were observed only in the thoracic and pelvic limbs. Macroscopically, there was a diffuse, regular, slightly firm volume increase, covered by abundant gelati-nous whitish tissue. The periosteal bone neoformations were characterized by numerous papillary projections distributed throughout the phalanges, radius, ulna, humerus, scapulae, tibia and fibulae. Histologically...

Osteopatia hipertrófica idiopática em um gatoˆipt / Hypertrophic osteopathy in a catˆien

Background: Hypertrophic osteopathy (OH) is a syndrome characterized by progressive bilateral periosteal bone neofor-mation that mainly affects the thoracic and pelvic limb bones metaphyses and diaphyses. In most cases, it is secondary to a chronic primary lesion located in the thoracic cavity but can be associated with an abdominal injury that has already been occurred. The occurrence of this condition without being associated with a primary lesion is considered infrequent in animals. The purpose of this report was to describe a case of idiopathic hypertrophic osteopathy in a cat with a description of clinical signs and radiographic and anatomopathological findings.Case: A male adult cat was brought to the veterinarian with an initial observation by the owner of four limbs volume in-crease, apathy, and reluctance to move. Upon clinical examination, the animal presented dehydration, mucosal hyperemia, hyperthermia, and bilateral edema of the thoracic and pelvic limbs. Based on the radiographic examination, a periosteal reaction with palisade-like appearance was found in the metacarpals, radios, ulna, humerus, scapulae, tibias, and fibulae. There were no significant changes in additional exams. Due to poor prognosis, the cat was euthanized and referred for necropsy and histopathological examination. All organs were examined both macroscopically and microscopically. Frag-ments were fixed in 10% formalin and routinely processed for histological slides with hematoxylin–eosin and Massons trichrome, and limb bones that were not fixed in formalin were macerated. Lesions were observed only in the thoracic and pelvic limbs. Macroscopically, there was a diffuse, regular, slightly firm volume increase, covered by abundant gelati-nous whitish tissue. The periosteal bone neoformations were characterized by numerous papillary projections distributed throughout the phalanges, radius, ulna, humerus, scapulae, tibia and fibulae. Histologically...(AU)

Estudo biomecânico comparando a utilização de placas bloqueadas híbridas na artrodese dorsal e medial do carpo de cães / Biomechanical study comparing the utilization of hybrid locking plates on dorsal and medial carpal arthrodesis in dogs

Objetivou-se com este trabalho comparar biomecanicamente os posicionamentos dorsal e medial da placa bloqueada na artrodese do carpo em cães. Para isso, foram utilizados sete pares de membros torácicos de cães eutanasiados por razões não relacionadas ao estudo, em que sete membros foram estabilizados com placa dorsal, e seus respectivos pares com placa em posicionamento medial. Os membros com as articulações radiocarpometacarpianas estabilizadas cirurgicamente foram submetidos a ensaio de compressão axial em máquina universal de ensaios de materiais, e os dados de limite de elasticidade, rigidez estrutural, carga máxima e carga no momento da fratura dos posicionamentos foram comparados por meio do teste de Student-Newman-Keuls, a um nível de significância de 5%. Todos os membros foram fraturados no terço distal do terceiro metacarpo; nos membros com placa dorsal, a fratura ocorreu distal ao orifício distal e, nos membros com placa medial, a fratura ocorreu no último orifício dos metacarpos dois e três. Não houve dobra ou quebra de placas e parafusos e não houve diferença significativa entre os posicionamentos dorsal e medial dos implantes quanto aos parâmetros avaliados.(AU)

The aim of this study was to compare biomechanically the dorsal and medial positions of the locking plates on carpal arthrodesis in dogs. For this, seven pairs of thoracic limbs of dogs were used, in which seven limbs were stabilized with dorsal plate and seven limbs with plate in medial positioning. The members with the surgically stabilized radiocarpal-metacarpal joints were submitted to axial compression testing in a universal testing machine and the yield load, structural rigidity, maximum load and ultimate load of the positioning were compared by Student-Newman-Keuls test at a significance level of 5%. All members fractured in the distal third of the third metacarpal, in the limbs with dorsal plate the fracture occurred distal to the distal hole and in the members with medial plate the fracture occurred in the last hole of the metacarpals two and three. There was no bending or broken implants. There was no significant biomechanical differencebetween the dorsal and medial positions of the implants.(AU)

Estudo biomecânico comparando a utilização de placas bloqueadas híbridas na artrodese dorsal e medial do carpo de cães / Biomechanical study comparing the utilization of hybrid locking plates on dorsal and medial carpal arthrodesis in dogs

Objetivou-se com este trabalho comparar biomecanicamente os posicionamentos dorsal e medial da placa bloqueada na artrodese do carpo em cães. Para isso, foram utilizados sete pares de membros torácicos de cães eutanasiados por razões não relacionadas ao estudo, em que sete membros foram estabilizados com placa dorsal, e seus respectivos pares com placa em posicionamento medial. Os membros com as articulações radiocarpometacarpianas estabilizadas cirurgicamente foram submetidos a ensaio de compressão axial em máquina universal de ensaios de materiais, e os dados de limite de elasticidade, rigidez estrutural, carga máxima e carga no momento da fratura dos posicionamentos foram comparados por meio do teste de Student-Newman-Keuls, a um nível de significância de 5%. Todos os membros foram fraturados no terço distal do terceiro metacarpo; nos membros com placa dorsal, a fratura ocorreu distal ao orifício distal e, nos membros com placa medial, a fratura ocorreu no último orifício dos metacarpos dois e três. Não houve dobra ou quebra de placas e parafusos e não houve diferença significativa entre os posicionamentos dorsal e medial dos implantes quanto aos parâmetros avaliados.(AU)

The aim of this study was to compare biomechanically the dorsal and medial positions of the locking plates on carpal arthrodesis in dogs. For this, seven pairs of thoracic limbs of dogs were used, in which seven limbs were stabilized with dorsal plate and seven limbs with plate in medial positioning. The members with the surgically stabilized radiocarpal-metacarpal joints were submitted to axial compression testing in a universal testing machine and the yield load, structural rigidity, maximum load and ultimate load of the positioning were compared by Student-Newman-Keuls test at a significance level of 5%. All members fractured in the distal third of the third metacarpal, in the limbs with dorsal plate the fracture occurred distal to the distal hole and in the members with medial plate the fracture occurred in the last hole of the metacarpals two and three. There was no bending or broken implants. There was no significant biomechanical differencebetween the dorsal and medial positions of the implants.(AU)

Morphometrics of the indian false vampire bat (Megaderma lyra) from district Jhelum, Pakistan

Abstract During the present study thirteen Megaderma lyra bats were observed roosting in dark, domed shaped room of Rohtas Fort, district Jhelum. Out of these, six specimens were captured from the roosting site, using hand net. All captured specimens were male. These bats were identified through their unique facial features, an erect and elongated nose-leaf, large oval ears that joined above the forehead and no tail. Mean head and body length of captured specimens was 80 mm, forearm length was 67 mm while average lengths of 3rd, 4th and 5th metacarpals were 51.73 mm, 55.17 mm and 60.42 mm, respectively. Mean skull length was 29.84 mm, breadth of braincase was 12.77 mm. Average Penis length of two specimens was 6.6 mm and total bacular length was 3.08 mm respectively. This is the first record of Megaderma lyra from district Jhelum.

Resumo Durante o presente estudo, 13 morcegos Megadermalyra foram observados empoleirados em uma sala escura em forma de cúpula no Forte Rohtas, distrito de Jhelum, dos quais 6 espécimes foram capturados no local usando rede manual. Todos os espécimes capturados eram machos. Esses morcegos foram identificados por suas características faciais únicas, uma folha nasal ereta e alongada, grandes orelhas ovais que se juntam acima da testa e sem cauda. O comprimento médio da cabeça e do corpo dos espécimes capturados foi de 80 mm, o comprimento do antebraço foi de 67 mm, enquanto os comprimentos médios do 3º, 4º e 5º metacarpos foram de 51,73 mm, 55,17 mm e 60,42 mm, respectivamente. O comprimento médio do crânio foi de 29,84 mm, e a largura da caixa craniana, de 12,77 mm. O comprimento médio do pênis de duas amostras foi de 6,6 mm, e o comprimento total do báculo foi de 3,08 mm. Este é o primeiro registro de Megadermalyra no distrito de Jhelum.

Osteologia de Melanosuchus niger (Crocodylia: Alligatoridae) e a evidência evolutiva / Osteology of Melanosuchus niger (Crocodylia: Alligatoridae) and the evolutionary evidence

O objetivo foi realizar a descrição anatômica do esqueleto de Melanosuchus niger, com o intuito de contribuir com informações evolutivas sobre a espécie. Utilizaram-se três espécimes adultos de M. niger, com comprimento médio de 2,40m, provenientes da coleção biológica do Lapas-UFU. Na cintura peitoral, a escápula é maior do que o coracóide. Já nos elementos da cintura pelvina, o púbis não participa da formação do acetábulo, o contato com o ilío, ocorre por ligamentos, e sua articulação com o ísquio, permite movimentos dorso-ventrais. Nos membros torácicos, o úmero figura como elemento do estilopódio, a ulna e rádio como elementos do zeugopódio. No carpo há o ulnar do carpo, fusão do radial+intermédio, fusão dos distais do carpo 3+4+5 e o pisiforme; possui cinco metacarpos, numerados lateromedialmente e a fórmula falângica 2:3:4:3:2. Nos membros pelvinos, o estilopódio é formado pelo fêmur e o zeugopódio pela tíbia e fíbula. No tarso há a fusão do intermédio+central, fibular do tarso, distal do tarso 3, distal do tarso 4; possui quatro metatarsos longos I, II, III e IV, sendo os metatarsos II e III maiores que os demais. O metatarso V é um osso bastante reduzido e o pé possui a fórmula falângica 2:3:4:4. No crânio, a abertura nasal é única, o palatino, vômer, pterigóide, pré-maxila e maxila formam a estrutura óssea do palato secundário; o osso parietal é o único elemento no teto craniano. No esqueleto pós- axial em pares de costelas distintas que se articulam com as vértebras cervicais, dorsais, lombares, sacrais e caudais. A gastrália é formada por sete fileiras de ossos finos localizados entre o púbis e a região caudal do esterno.(AU)

The objective was an anatomical description of the skeleton of Melanosuchus niger, in order to contribute with evolutionary information about the species. Three adult specimens of M. niger with an average length of 2.40m were used, originating from the biologic collection of Lapas-UFU. In the forelimb, the scapula is bigger than the coracoid. Regarding the hindlimbs, the pubic does not participate in the formation of the acetabulum; the contact with the ilium is made by ligaments, and its articulation with the rump allows dorsal-ventral movements. Regarding the forelimbs, the humerus is a stylopodium element, and the ulna and radius a zeugopodium element. The carpus exibits the ulnar-radial+intermedium fusion, fusion of the distal carpals 3+4+5, and the pisiform. It has five metacarpals, numbered lateromedially as metacarpal 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5. The phalangeal formula is 2:3:4:3:2. Regarding the pelvic limbs, the stylopodium is formed by the femur, and the zeugopodium by tibia and fibula. In tarsus has four bones: fusion of the intermedium+centrale, fibulare, distal tarsal 3, and distal tarsal 4. It has four long metatarsals I, II, III and IV, with metatarsal II and III being relatively longer than the others. Metatarsal V is a very small bone; the feet have the phalangeal formula 2:3:4:4. At the skull, the nasal opening is only the palatine bones, vomer, pterygoid, premaxilla and maxilla forming the bone structure of the secondary palate; the parietal bone is the only element on the cranial roof. In the pos- axial skeleton ist distinct pairs of ribs which articulate with the cervical, dorsal, lumbar, sacral and caudal vertebrae. The gastralia consists of seven rows of fine bone located between the pubic bone and caudal part of the sternum.(AU)

Osteologia de Melanosuchus niger (Crocodylia: Alligatoridae) e a evidência evolutiva / Osteology of Melanosuchus niger (Crocodylia: Alligatoridae) and the evolutionary evidence

The objective was an anatomical description of the skeleton of Melanosuchus niger, in order to contribute with evolutionary information about the species. Three adult specimens of M. niger with an average length of 2.40m were used, originating from the biologic collection of Lapas-UFU. In the forelimb, the scapula is bigger than the coracoid. Regarding the hindlimbs, the pubic does not participate in the formation of the acetabulum; the contact with the ilium is made by ligaments, and its articulation with the rump allows dorsal-ventral movements. Regarding the forelimbs, the humerus is a stylopodium element, and the ulna and radius a zeugopodium element. The carpus exibits the ulnar-radial+intermedium fusion, fusion of the distal carpals 3+4+5, and the pisiform. It has five metacarpals, numbered lateromedially as metacarpal 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5. The phalangeal formula is 2:3:4:3:2. Regarding the pelvic limbs, the stylopodium is formed by the femur, and the zeugopodium by tibia and fibula. In tarsus has four bones: fusion of the intermedium+centrale, fibulare, distal tarsal 3, and distal tarsal 4. It has four long metatarsals I, II, III and IV, with metatarsal II and III being relatively longer than the others. Metatarsal V is a very small bone; the feet have the phalangeal formula 2:3:4:4. At the skull, the nasal opening is only the palatine bones, vomer, pterygoid, premaxilla and maxilla forming the bone structure of the secondary palate; the parietal bone is the only element on the cranial roof. In the pos- axial skeleton ist distinct pairs of ribs which articulate with the cervical, dorsal, lumbar, sacral and caudal vertebrae. The gastralia consists of seven rows of fine bone located between the pubic bone and caudal part of the sternum.(AU)

O objetivo foi realizar a descrição anatômica do esqueleto de Melanosuchus niger, com o intuito de contribuir com informações evolutivas sobre a espécie. Utilizaram-se três espécimes adultos de M. niger, com comprimento médio de 2,40m, provenientes da coleção biológica do Lapas-UFU. Na cintura peitoral, a escápula é maior do que o coracóide. Já nos elementos da cintura pelvina, o púbis não participa da formação do acetábulo, o contato com o ilío, ocorre por ligamentos, e sua articulação com o ísquio, permite movimentos dorso-ventrais. Nos membros torácicos, o úmero figura como elemento do estilopódio, a ulna e rádio como elementos do zeugopódio. No carpo há o ulnar do carpo, fusão do radial+intermédio, fusão dos distais do carpo 3+4+5 e o pisiforme; possui cinco metacarpos, numerados lateromedialmente e a fórmula falângica 2:3:4:3:2. Nos membros pelvinos, o estilopódio é formado pelo fêmur e o zeugopódio pela tíbia e fíbula. No tarso há a fusão do intermédio+central, fibular do tarso, distal do tarso 3, distal do tarso 4; possui quatro metatarsos longos I, II, III e IV, sendo os metatarsos II e III maiores que os demais. O metatarso V é um osso bastante reduzido e o pé possui a fórmula falângica 2:3:4:4. No crânio, a abertura nasal é única, o palatino, vômer, pterigóide, pré-maxila e maxila formam a estrutura óssea do palato secundário; o osso parietal é o único elemento no teto craniano. No esqueleto pós- axial em pares de costelas distintas que se articulam com as vértebras cervicais, dorsais, lombares, sacrais e caudais. A gastrália é formada por sete fileiras de ossos finos localizados entre o púbis e a região caudal do esterno.(AU)

Fractures of the accessories metacarpals bones and incidence of desmitis of the suspensory ligament in polos horses: retrospective study of 35 cases / Fraturas dos metacárpicos acessórios e a incidência da desmite do suspensório de boleto em cavalos de pólo: estudo retrospectivo de 35 casos

The fractures of the accessories metacarpals bones are common in race horses, trotting, jumping and polo. The desmitis of the suspensory ligament (LSB) may be associated with fracture or periosteal proliferation in the axial accessory metacarpal, which compresses the LSB and cause injury. The aim of this study was the retrospective study of cases of fracture of accessory metacarpal in polo´s horses, who underwent partial ostectomy, correlating with the incidence of desmitis LSB. Were studied 35 cases, and 29 (82.86%) of the fractures were in the right forelimb (M.T.D) and six (17.14%) in the left forelimb (M.T.E). Twenty-five of 35 fractures (71.42%) involved the fourth metacarpal bone, 21 (72.41%) in the right forelimb and four (66.66%) in the left forelimb and 10 (28.57%) involved the second bone MTC-II, 8 (80%) in the right forelimb and 2 (20%) in the left forelimb. Fifteen animals had desmitis the LSB, representing 42.85% of the total, but only 26.7% had acute lesions, demonstrating that the desmitis the LSB is not directly related to fractures of accessories metacarpals bones, which are caused by direct trauma during sport. It was concluded that the incidence of bone fractures metacarpal accessories, polos horses are more common in right forelimbs and fourth metacarpals bones.(AU)

As fraturas dos ossos metacárpicos acessórios (MTCa) são comuns em cavalos de corrida, trote, salto e pólo. A desmite do suspensório do boleto (LSB) pode estar associada à fratura ou proliferação periostal no eixo axial do MTCa, que comprime o LSB e causa a lesão. O objetivo deste trabalho foi realizar o estudo retrospectivo dos casos de fraturas de MTCa em cavalos de pólo, submetidos à ostectomia parcial, correlacionando o membro acometido e a incidência de desmite de LSB. Foram estudados 35 casos, sendo que 29 (82,86%) das fraturas foram no membro torácico direito (M.T.D.) e seis (17,14%) no membro torácico esquerdo (M.T.E.). Das 35 fraturas, 25 (71,43%) ocorreram no quarto metacárpico (MTC-IV), sendo 21 (84%) no M.T.D. e quatro (16%) no M.T.E e 10 (28,57%) ocorreram no MTC-II, sendo 8 (80%) no M.T.D e 2 (20%) no M.T.E. Quinze animais apresentavam desmite do LSB, representando 42,85 % do total, porém apenas 26,7% apresentavam lesões agudas, demonstrando assim que, a desmite do LSB não está relacionada diretamente às fraturas de MTCa, sendo estas ocasionadas por traumas diretos durante o esporte. Concluiu-se que a incidência das fraturas nos ossos metacárpicos acessórios, em cavalos de pólo são mais comuns nos membros torácicos direito e quartos ossos metacárpicos.(AU)

Fractures of the accessories metacarpals bones and incidence of desmitis of the suspensory ligament in polos horses: retrospective study of 35 cases / Fraturas dos metacárpicos acessórios e a incidência da desmite do suspensório de boleto em cavalos de pólo: estudo retrospectivo de 35 casos

The fractures of the accessories metacarpals bones are common in race horses, trotting, jumping and polo. The desmitis of the suspensory ligament (LSB) may be associated with fracture or periosteal proliferation in the axial accessory metacarpal, which compresses the LSB and cause injury. The aim of this study was the retrospective study of cases of fracture of accessory metacarpal in polo´s horses, who underwent partial ostectomy, correlating with the incidence of desmitis LSB. Were studied 35 cases, and 29 (82.86%) of the fractures were in the right forelimb (M.T.D) and six (17.14%) in the left forelimb (M.T.E). Twenty-five of 35 fractures (71.42%) involved the fourth metacarpal bone, 21 (72.41%) in the right forelimb and four (66.66%) in the left forelimb and 10 (28.57%) involved the second bone MTC-II, 8 (80%) in the right forelimb and 2 (20%) in the left forelimb. Fifteen animals had desmitis the LSB, representing 42.85% of the total, but only 26.7% had acute lesions, demonstrating that the desmitis the LSB is not directly related to fractures of accessories metacarpals bones, which are caused by direct trauma during sport. It was concluded that the incidence of bone fractures metacarpal accessories, polos horses are more common in right forelimbs and fourth metacarpals bones.

As fraturas dos ossos metacárpicos acessórios (MTCa) são comuns em cavalos de corrida, trote, salto e pólo. A desmite do suspensório do boleto (LSB) pode estar associada à fratura ou proliferação periostal no eixo axial do MTCa, que comprime o LSB e causa a lesão. O objetivo deste trabalho foi realizar o estudo retrospectivo dos casos de fraturas de MTCa em cavalos de pólo, submetidos à ostectomia parcial, correlacionando o membro acometido e a incidência de desmite de LSB. Foram estudados 35 casos, sendo que 29 (82,86%) das fraturas foram no membro torácico direito (M.T.D.) e seis (17,14%) no membro torácico esquerdo (M.T.E.). Das 35 fraturas, 25 (71,43%) ocorreram no quarto metacárpico (MTC-IV), sendo 21 (84%) no M.T.D. e quatro (16%) no M.T.E e 10 (28,57%) ocorreram no MTC-II, sendo 8 (80%) no M.T.D e 2 (20%) no M.T.E. Quinze animais apresentavam desmite do LSB, representando 42,85 % do total, porém apenas 26,7% apresentavam lesões agudas, demonstrando assim que, a desmite do LSB não está relacionada diretamente às fraturas de MTCa, sendo estas ocasionadas por traumas diretos durante o esporte. Concluiu-se que a incidência das fraturas nos ossos metacárpicos acessórios, em cavalos de pólo são mais comuns nos membros torácicos direito e quartos ossos metacárpicos.

Effects of phytase on pig diets digestibilities, bone mineral deposition, performance and manure production / Efeitos da fitase sobre digestibilidades de dietas, deposição de minerais nos ossos, desempenho e produção de dejetos por suínos

Two trials were conducted to evaluate phytase addition to diets with corn, rice and soybean meals for swine. In the first trial, the digestibilities of gross energy and crude protein and the availabilities of calcium (Ca) and phosphorous (P) of diets with or without phytase were evaluated in growing barrows (BW 20.42 ± 2.45 kg), using the total feces and feed collection methods. In the second trial, the parameters evaluated were pig performance, mineral contents in the 3rd and 4th metacarpals, feces production and composition of growing and finishing gilts fed one of the following diets: Positive control (PC), formulated to achieve nutrient and energy requirements of growing and finishing gilts; Negative control (NC), diet PC meeting 84% and 65% of Ca and P levels, respectively; Negative control + phytase (PHY), diet NC + 0.01% phytase (500 FTU/kg). Phytase addition improved P and Ca availabilities in 14.34% and 4.08%, respectively, compared with the diet with no phytase, in trial one. In trial two, the deposition of zinc in the metacarpals was improved by the enzyme and Ca, P and copper fecal excretions of the animals from the PC diet were greater than that observed for the PHY animals. Phytase addition improved the use of phytic phosphorous and calcium by the pigs and is recommended as a way to reduce the potential environmental impact of swine production.(AU)

Foram realizados dois experimentos com objetivo de avaliar a adição de fitase a dietas contendo milho e farelos de arroz integral e de soja para suínos. No primeiro experimento foram avaliadas as digestibilidades da energia e proteína brutas e as disponibilidades do cálcio (Ca) e do fósforo (P) de dietas, com e sem a suplementação de fitase, por suínos machos castrados com 20,42 ± 2,45 kg de peso vivo, pelo método da coleta total de excretas. No segundo experimento foram avaliados o desempenho zootécnico, a deposição de minerais nos 3º e 4º metacarpos, a produção e a composição das fezes de fêmeas suínas nas fases de crescimento e de terminação, alimentadas com as seguintes dietas experimentais: Controle Positivo (CP) - formulada para atender as exigências nutricionais de suínos em crescimento e em terminação; Controle Negativo (CN) - CP com os níveis de Ca e P atendidos em 84% e 65%, respectivamente; Controle Negativo + Fitase (CN+F) - dieta CN + 0,01% de fitase (500 FTU/kg). A adição da enzima melhorou os coeficientes de disponibilidade do P e do Ca em 14, 34% e em 4,08%, respectivamente em relação à dieta sem fitase. No segundo experimento, a deposição de zinco nos metacarpos foi aumentada pela enzima e as excreções fecais de Ca, P e Cobre foram diminuídas pelo uso da enzima nos animais PHY em relação aos animais PC. A adição de fitase melhorou o aproveitamento do fósforo fítico e do cálcio pelos suínos, sendo recomendada como uma das formas de se reduzir o impacto ambiental causado pela suinocultura.(AU)

Effects of phytase on pig diets digestibilities, bone mineral deposition, performance and manure production / Efeitos da fitase sobre digestibilidades de dietas, deposição de minerais nos ossos, desempenho e produção de dejetos por suínos

Two trials were conducted to evaluate phytase addition to diets with corn, rice and soybean meals for swine. In the first trial, the digestibilities of gross energy and crude protein and the availabilities of calcium (Ca) and phosphorous (P) of diets with or without phytase were evaluated in growing barrows (BW 20.42 ± 2.45 kg), using the total feces and feed collection methods. In the second trial, the parameters evaluated were pig performance, mineral contents in the 3rd and 4th metacarpals, feces production and composition of growing and finishing gilts fed one of the following diets: Positive control (PC), formulated to achieve nutrient and energy requirements of growing and finishing gilts; Negative control (NC), diet PC meeting 84% and 65% of Ca and P levels, respectively; Negative control + phytase (PHY), diet NC + 0.01% phytase (500 FTU/kg). Phytase addition improved P and Ca availabilities in 14.34% and 4.08%, respectively, compared with the diet with no phytase, in trial one. In trial two, the deposition of zinc in the metacarpals was improved by the enzyme and Ca, P and copper fecal excretions of the animals from the PC diet were greater than that observed for the PHY animals. Phytase addition improved the use of phytic phosphorous and calcium by the pigs and is recommended as a way to reduce the potential environmental impact of swine production.

Foram realizados dois experimentos com objetivo de avaliar a adição de fitase a dietas contendo milho e farelos de arroz integral e de soja para suínos. No primeiro experimento foram avaliadas as digestibilidades da energia e proteína brutas e as disponibilidades do cálcio (Ca) e do fósforo (P) de dietas, com e sem a suplementação de fitase, por suínos machos castrados com 20,42 ± 2,45 kg de peso vivo, pelo método da coleta total de excretas. No segundo experimento foram avaliados o desempenho zootécnico, a deposição de minerais nos 3º e 4º metacarpos, a produção e a composição das fezes de fêmeas suínas nas fases de crescimento e de terminação, alimentadas com as seguintes dietas experimentais: Controle Positivo (CP) - formulada para atender as exigências nutricionais de suínos em crescimento e em terminação; Controle Negativo (CN) - CP com os níveis de Ca e P atendidos em 84% e 65%, respectivamente; Controle Negativo + Fitase (CN+F) - dieta CN + 0,01% de fitase (500 FTU/kg). A adição da enzima melhorou os coeficientes de disponibilidade do P e do Ca em 14, 34% e em 4,08%, respectivamente em relação à dieta sem fitase. No segundo experimento, a deposição de zinco nos metacarpos foi aumentada pela enzima e as excreções fecais de Ca, P e Cobre foram diminuídas pelo uso da enzima nos animais PHY em relação aos animais PC. A adição de fitase melhorou o aproveitamento do fósforo fítico e do cálcio pelos suínos, sendo recomendada como uma das formas de se reduzir o impacto ambiental causado pela suinocultura.

Immobilization with modified Thomas splint and synthetic casting for long bone fracture correction in large animals / Imobilização com muleta de Thomas modificada e gesso sintético para reparação de fraturas de ossos longos em grandes animais

Background: Several techniques have been used for the treatment of fractures in large animals, once these animals are frequently subject to trauma that interrupts bone continuity, especially in long bones. The choice for the technique depends on the configuration of the fracture, damage to the adjacent tissue, and presence or absence of bone exposure. The success of the modified Thomas splint, associated to synthetic casting has been reported in several studies. However, there still are restrictions to the use of this technique. Thus, the objective of the present study is to report the use of immobilization by the modified Thomas splint, coupled with synthetic casting, for the treatment of fractures in long bones of bovine and equine animals.Cases: The five animals were treated at the Veterinary Hospital of the Universidade Paranaense, being four bovines and one equine, all presenting fractures in long bones, resulting from accidental trauma. The equine, weighting 300 kg, presented fracture in the third metacarpal bone, previously submitted to immobilization through external fixation type II. Three bovines, weighting 50, 200, and 500 kg, presented fractures in the metacarpals, with the smallest presenting exposed fracture, another bovine, weighting 300 kg, presented fractures in the radius and ulna. The animals were examined and submitted to sedation and anesthesia for manual...(AU)

As fraturas de ossos longos ocorrem com relativa frequência em animais de grande porte [9] acarretando significativas perdas econômicas para a pecuária nacional [10], já que os elevados custos implicados no tratamento refletem na opção pela eutanásia [9]. No entanto, animais de alto valor econômico, estimulam o investimento em pesquisas e a utilização de efetivas técnicas para a correção de fraturas [10]. Nos últimos anos várias técnicas têm sido utilizadas no tratamento de fraturas em animais de grande porte, no entanto, ainda persiste a falta de dispositivos de fixação adequados e desenvolvidos especificamente para esses animais [3]. Relata-se o uso de gesso até o carpo/tarso ou por toda a extensão do membro [1], aparelho modificado de Thomas associado ou não à tala de gesso [6], utilização de parafusos, pinos intramedulares e placas ortopédicas [7], haste intramedular bloqueada [11] e fixação externa [4]. O sucesso do uso da muleta de Thomas modificada, associada ao gesso, tem sido relatado por diversos autores e, muitas vezes, é a opção de escolha em comparação com técnicas de fixação interna. Com base nisto, o presente trabalho tem como objetivo relatar cinco casos das espécies bovina e equina que apresentavam fratura decorrente de trauma, corrigidas com a utilização de muleta de Thomas modificada e gesso sintético, enfatizando a empregabilidade da técnica...(AU)

Utilização de métodos não invasivos de imagem para avaliação da regeneração óssea em falhas ósseas induzidas experimentalmente em III/IV metacarpianos de ovinos / Use of non-invasive imaging methods for evaluation of bone regeneration in bone defects induced experimentally in III/IV metacarpus of sheep

Background: The events involved in the process of bone regeneration of fractures are influenced by physiological factors and a number of techniques can be used to assess bone tissue. The radiographic examination (ER) is often used in clinical practice to evaluate the consolidation process. Ultrasound (US) allows evaluation of the fibrous callus, present in early stages of consolidation. Thermograph is method of evaluation for image, which allows you to estimate activity of some tissue. The aim of this study was to evaluate bone fill process, during 60 days, through thermograph, ultrasound and x-ray of ostectomy induced experimentally.Materials, Methods & Results: Six female Santa Inês breed ewes were subjected to unicortical ostectomy of seven millimeters in diameter, in the proximal region of the dorsum-medial surface of III/IV metacarpal, chosen randomly. The animals were submitted to radiographic evaluations, ultrasound and thermograph, prior to the surgery and during 60 days, in between 7, 14, 21, 28, 35, 42, 49 and 56 days postoperatively. The radiographic images were evaluated by examiners “blind” (two radiologists and two sonographers), that didnt know the postoperative day that the image member evaluated. The thermograph images were processed in program for measuring the average temperature in the region of bone gap, over time. The Friedman test was applied to assess the progression of the studied variables over the period of the experiment. Over the period of 60 days it was possible to observe the difference of fault, fill scores by radiographic examination and ultrasound examination (P < 0.001). The Wilcoxon test was applied to observer the differences in scores between the examiners over the period of the experiment. Statistically significant difference was observed between the evaluators of radiographic images from day 14, not being observed between by the evaluators of ultrasound images.[...](AU)

Utilização de métodos não invasivos de imagem para avaliação da regeneração óssea em falhas ósseas induzidas experimentalmente em III/IV metacarpianos de ovinos / Use of non-invasive imaging methods for evaluation of bone regeneration in bone defects induced experimentally in III/IV metacarpus of sheep

Background: The events involved in the process of bone regeneration of fractures are influenced by physiological factors and a number of techniques can be used to assess bone tissue. The radiographic examination (ER) is often used in clinical practice to evaluate the consolidation process. Ultrasound (US) allows evaluation of the fibrous callus, present in early stages of consolidation. Thermograph is method of evaluation for image, which allows you to estimate activity of some tissue. The aim of this study was to evaluate bone fill process, during 60 days, through thermograph, ultrasound and x-ray of ostectomy induced experimentally.Materials, Methods & Results: Six female Santa Inês breed ewes were subjected to unicortical ostectomy of seven millimeters in diameter, in the proximal region of the dorsum-medial surface of III/IV metacarpal, chosen randomly. The animals were submitted to radiographic evaluations, ultrasound and thermograph, prior to the surgery and during 60 days, in between 7, 14, 21, 28, 35, 42, 49 and 56 days postoperatively. The radiographic images were evaluated by examiners “blind” (two radiologists and two sonographers), that didn’t know the postoperative day that the image member evaluated. The thermograph images were processed in program for measuring the average temperature in the region of bone gap, over time. The Friedman test was applied to assess the progression of the studied variables over the period of the experiment. Over the period of 60 days it was possible to observe the difference of fault, fill scores by radiographic examination and ultrasound examination (P < 0.001). The Wilcoxon test was applied to observer the differences in scores between the examiners over the period of the experiment. Statistically significant difference was observed between the evaluators of radiographic images from day 14, not being observed between by the evaluators of ultrasound images.[...]

Immobilization with modified Thomas splint and synthetic casting for long bone fracture correction in large animals / Imobilização com muleta de Thomas modificada e gesso sintético para reparação de fraturas de ossos longos em grandes animais

Background: Several techniques have been used for the treatment of fractures in large animals, once these animals are frequently subject to trauma that interrupts bone continuity, especially in long bones. The choice for the technique depends on the configuration of the fracture, damage to the adjacent tissue, and presence or absence of bone exposure. The success of the modified Thomas splint, associated to synthetic casting has been reported in several studies. However, there still are restrictions to the use of this technique. Thus, the objective of the present study is to report the use of immobilization by the modified Thomas splint, coupled with synthetic casting, for the treatment of fractures in long bones of bovine and equine animals.Cases: The five animals were treated at the Veterinary Hospital of the Universidade Paranaense, being four bovines and one equine, all presenting fractures in long bones, resulting from accidental trauma. The equine, weighting 300 kg, presented fracture in the third metacarpal bone, previously submitted to immobilization through external fixation type II. Three bovines, weighting 50, 200, and 500 kg, presented fractures in the metacarpals, with the smallest presenting exposed fracture, another bovine, weighting 300 kg, presented fractures in the radius and ulna. The animals were examined and submitted to sedation and anesthesia for manual...

As fraturas de ossos longos ocorrem com relativa frequência em animais de grande porte [9] acarretando significativas perdas econômicas para a pecuária nacional [10], já que os elevados custos implicados no tratamento refletem na opção pela eutanásia [9]. No entanto, animais de alto valor econômico, estimulam o investimento em pesquisas e a utilização de efetivas técnicas para a correção de fraturas [10]. Nos últimos anos várias técnicas têm sido utilizadas no tratamento de fraturas em animais de grande porte, no entanto, ainda persiste a falta de dispositivos de fixação adequados e desenvolvidos especificamente para esses animais [3]. Relata-se o uso de gesso até o carpo/tarso ou por toda a extensão do membro [1], aparelho modificado de Thomas associado ou não à tala de gesso [6], utilização de parafusos, pinos intramedulares e placas ortopédicas [7], haste intramedular bloqueada [11] e fixação externa [4]. O sucesso do uso da muleta de Thomas modificada, associada ao gesso, tem sido relatado por diversos autores e, muitas vezes, é a opção de escolha em comparação com técnicas de fixação interna. Com base nisto, o presente trabalho tem como objetivo relatar cinco casos das espécies bovina e equina que apresentavam fratura decorrente de trauma, corrigidas com a utilização de muleta de Thomas modificada e gesso sintético, enfatizando a empregabilidade da técnica...