Cutaneous pythiosis in equines in the Amazon Biome / Pitiose cutânea em equídeos no Bioma Amazônico

The study aimed to describe the clinicopathological aspects of 37 cases of pythiosis, 34 in horses and three in mules, from properties located in the Amazon biome of Pará, Brazil. The clinical signs observed in the animals were weakness, poor-to-regular nutritional status, pale mucous membranes, itching at the lesion site, and lameness when the limbs were affected. The lesions were located on the lips, nostrils, rib region, thoracic and abdominal walls, scapular, distal limbs, foreskin, perineum and udder. Macroscopically, ulcerative and granulation-tissue-like masses were observed, with fistulous tracts filled with yellowish and foul-smelling serosanguinous discharges. In the biopsy, it was possible to visualize white and firm areas with foci of yellowish necrotic material and hardened masses, called kunkers. The histopathological examination showed a pyogranulomatous inflammatory reaction with the presence of Pythium insidiosum hyphae, which were impregnated with black, confirming the diagnosis of pythiosis in equids in the Amazon biome, being the first report of the disease in mules in the region.

O trabalho objetivou descrever os aspectos clínico-patológicos de 37 casos suspeitos de pitiose, 34 em equinos e três em muares, provenientes de propriedades localizadas no Pará, bioma amazônico brasileiro. Os sinais clínicos observados nos animais eram caracterizados por debilidade, estado nutricional de ruim a regular, mucosas pálidas, prurido no local da lesão, além de claudicação quando os membros foram acometidos. As lesões eram localizadas nos lábios, narinas, região das costelas, parede torácica e abdominal, escapular, distais dos membros, prepúcio, períneo e úbere. Macroscopicamente observavam-se extensas lesões ulceradas com intensa proliferação de tecido de granulação, de bordos irregulares, com tratos fistulosos, de consistência firme, denominados de "kunkers", preenchidos com material amarelado e friável, possuindo exsudação serossanguinolenta de odor fétido. Ao exame histopatológico observou-se reação inflamatória piogranulomatosa com presença de hifas de Pythium insidiosum, as quais se impregnaram de negro, confirmando o diagnóstico de pitiose em equídeos no Bioma Amazônico, sendo o primeiro relato da doença em muares na região.

Associação do bloqueio do plano transverso e serrátil em gata submetida à mastectomia / Association of transversus and serratus plane block in cat submitted to mastectomy

Os bloqueios locorregionais são considerados padrão-ouro para a analgesia perioperatória. Sendo assim, este trabalho apresenta o efeito da associação do bloqueio do plano transverso do abdome com o bloqueio do plano serrátil em um felino de 11 anos, fêmea, que foi submetido à mastectomia unilateral. Foi utilizada a metadona 0,3 mg/kg via intramuscular (IM) na medicação pré-anestésica e propofol dose-efeito via intravenosa (IV) para indução, enquanto a manutenção foi feita com isoflurano. O TAP Block e o SP-Block foram realizados unilateralmente utilizando a associação de bupivacaína 0,3mL/kg, em cada ponto, diluída a 0,25% com solução fisiológica. A frequência cardíaca (FC), a frequência respiratória (f), a pressão arterial não invasiva (Método Doppler), a temperatura esofágica (oC), a saturação de oxigênio (SpO2), a capnografia (EtCO2) e o eletrocardiograma foram monitorados continuamente e registrados a cada dez minutos. A paciente foi monitorada por cinco horas, após a extubação, quanto à dor, sendo utilizada, para isso, a Escala Multidimensional de Dor Aguda (UNESP-Botucatu). A recuperação anestésica da paciente foi rápida e sem complicações. Durante a avaliação de dor, o animal apresentou escore zero, não manifestando qualquer desconforto pós-operatório. A associação das técnicas foi eficaz no bloqueio anestésico das paredes torácica e abdominal, sugerindo a inclusão destas nos protocolos de analgesia multimodal para esse tipo de cirurgia.

Locoregional blocks are considered the gold standard for perioperative analgesia. Thus, this paper presents the effect of the association of transverse abdominal plane block with serratus plane block in an 11-year-old female feline submitted to unilateral mastectomy. Methadone 0.3 mg/kg via intramuscular (IM) was used as pre anesthetic medication and dose-effect propofol via intravenous (IV) was used for induction, while the maintenance was done with isofluorane. TAP Block and SP-Block were performed unilaterally using an association of Bupivacaine 0.3 ml/kg at each point, diluted to 0.25% with saline solution. Heart rate (HR), respiratory rate (f), non-invasive blood pressure (Doppler method), esophageal temperature (oC), oxygen saturation (SpO2), capnography (EtCO2), and electrocardiogram were monitored continuously and recorded every 10 minutes. The patient was monitored for pain during five hours after extubation using the Multidimensional Scale of UNESP-Botucatu. The anesthetic recovery of the patient was fast and without complications. During pain assessment, the animal presented a score of zero and did not present any postoperative discomfort. The association of techniques was effective in the anesthetic blockade of the thoracic and abdominal walls, suggesting their inclusion in multimodal analgesia protocols for this type of surgery.

Pectus excavatum ­ Correção cirúrgica utilizando tala externa de poliuretano fabricada com tecnologia de impressão 3D / Pectus excavatum ­ Surgical correction, using polyurethane external splint made with 3D printing technology

Objetivou-se relatar o emprego de uma tala externa confeccionada com material de poliuretano e cobertura interna de neopreme na reparação cirúrgica do pectus excavatum em um felino jovem. O felino apresentava deformidade anatômica congênita na região do externo e sinais clínicos respiratórios. Imagens avançadas de tomografia foram utilizadas para moldar a tala impressa com tecnologia tridimensional. Esta alternativa possibilitou melhor planejamento cirúrgico e, com isso, conforto para o paciente, além da qualidade própria do material de poliuretano que é levemente maleável, o que permitiu melhor moldagem e expansão torácica durante a respiração. A tala se provou resistente o suficiente para suportar a tração ocasionada pelos fios de sutura e possibilitou o reposicionamento adequado do osso esterno ao mesmo tempo que se mostrou confortável e acarretou mínimas lesões ao paciente.

The aim of this paper was to report the use of an external splint made of polyurethane material and internal neopreme covering in the surgical repair of a pectus excavatum in a young feline. The feline exhibited a congenital anatomical deformity in the external region and clinical respiratory signs. Advanced CT images were used to shape the 3D-printed splint. This alternative allowed better surgical planning and, therefore, comfort for the patient, this because to the quality of the polyurethane material, which is slightly malleable, and allowed for better molding and chest expansion during breathing. The splint proved to be strong enough to withstand the traction caused by the suture threads and allowed the proper repositioning of the sternum, at the same time it was comfortable and caused minimal injuries to the patient.

Aneurisma aórtico torácico com trombose associada em Bugio-preto (Alouatta caraya) / Thoracic aortic aneurysm with associated thrombosis in black-and-gold howler monkey (Alouatta caraya)

O aneurisma é uma dilatação anormal e permanente das artérias, resultante do enfraquecimento da parede do vaso adelgaçamento da camada média e enfraquecimento da camada elástica. Em animais, a maioria dos casos de aneurisma tem origem idiopática e são detectados acidentalmente durante a necropsia. O objetivo deste trabalho é relatar um caso de aneurisma aórtico com trombose associada em Bugio-preto(Alouatta caraya), bem como seus aspectos patológicos. O animal era adulto, macho, pertencente ao Centro Nacional de Primatas (CENP), na cidade de Ananindeua-PA, foi encaminhado para exame necroscópico para investigação da causa mortis. No histórico do animal, não constava qualquer enfermidade. O animal apresentava bom escore de condição corporal com preservação da topografia anatômica dos órgãos. Entretanto, observou-se presença de aumento de volume localizado em aorta torácica, a 1,4 cm da base do coração. Na abertura aórtica foi observado dilatações de tamanhos variados e, no interior da maior dilatação, notou-se uma estrutura de coloração vermelho escuro, aderida, de aspecto seco e superfície áspera, medindo 1,5 cm. Aneurismas aórticos em primatas não humanos não são comuns, porém já foram reportados na literatura. O diagnóstico precoce utilizando exames complementares é importante, porém, ainda há recursos não empregados na rotina veterinária tornando ainda mais difícil o diagnóstico e prevenção. Por isso, na medicina veterinária, os aneurismas são detectados acidentalmente durante a necropsia. Com base nos achados anatomopatológicos, concluiu-se que o animal veio a óbito por trombose associada a aneurisma aórtico.

An aneurysm is an abnormal and permanent dilation of the arteries, resulting from the weakening of the vessel wall.thinning of the middle layer and weakening of the elastic layer. In animals, most cases of aneurysm are idiopathic. This paper aimed to report a case of aortic aneurysm with associated thrombosis in a black-and-gold howler monkey(Alouatta caraya), as well as its pathological aspects. The animal was an adult, male, belonging to the National Primate Center (CENP), in the city of Ananindeua-PA, that was referred for necroscopic examination to investigate the causa mortis. In the animal's history, there was no disease. The animal had a good body condition score with preservation of the anatomical topography of the organs. However, there was an increase in volume located in the thoracic aorta, 1.4 cm from the base of the heart. In the aortic opening, dilations of different sizes were observed, and inside the largest dilatation, a structure of dark red color, adhered, with a dry appearance and rough surface, measuring 1.5 cm was noted in addition to dilations of different sizes. Inside the largest cavitation, a dark red structure was observed, adhered, with a dry appearance and rough surface, measuring 1.5 cm. Aortic aneurysms in non-human primates are incommon, but have been reported in the literature. Early diagnosis using complementary exams is important, however, there are still resources not used in the veterinary routine, making diagnosis and prevention even more difficult. Therefore, in veterinary medicine, aneurysms are accidentally detected during necropsy. Based on the anatomopathological findings, it was concluded that the animal died due to thrombosis associated with an aortic aneurysm.

Pectus excavatum and Pectus carinatum in dogs

Background: Deformities of the anterior thoracic wall are called pectus: pectus excavatum and pectus carinatum. Pectusexcavatum is characterised by dorsal deviation of the caudal region of the sternum while pectus carinatum consists ofprotrusion of the sternum and/or adjacent cartilage. Both defects may remain symptom-free, but respiratory and cardiacabnormalities have been reported. Another deformity observed in dogs is the swimming dog syndrome, which consists ofthe lateral opening of the thoracic and pelvic limbs, associated with the pedalling movement. These disorders are frequentlyreported in medical practice, are considered rare among canines. This report aims to describe a case of pectus excavatumassociated with the swimming dog syndrome (Case 1) and another case of pectus carinatum (Case 2).Cases: Case 1. An approximately 45-day-old male American Pitbull canine had difficulty standing. Physical examinationrevealed hyperextension of the thoracic and pelvic limb joints and flattening of the thorax. After radiographic examination, pectus excavatum and the swimming dog syndrome were confirmed. The conservative treatment with splinting andhydrotherapy was chosen. At the 3-month follow-up, slight improvement in the limbs and irregular and unsatisfactorygrowth of the thorax leading to episodes of dyspnoea were observed. Case 2. A female Pug, approximately 2 months old,had a thorax deformity. Physical examination revealed thorax protrusion, confirmed on radiography as pectus carinatum.Conservative therapy was provided using compressive bandage. One month later, the tutor reported improvement in thecondition and absence of respiratory changes.Discussion: Pectus deformities has low incidence, and cases to pectus carinatum, there is a sexual predisposition, that is,males are more predisposed, differing from Case 2, a female dog. In the cases of pectus excavatum, no genetic alterationwas directly related to its occurrence...(AU)

Pectus excavatum and Pectus carinatum in dogs

Background: Deformities of the anterior thoracic wall are called pectus: pectus excavatum and pectus carinatum. Pectusexcavatum is characterised by dorsal deviation of the caudal region of the sternum while pectus carinatum consists ofprotrusion of the sternum and/or adjacent cartilage. Both defects may remain symptom-free, but respiratory and cardiacabnormalities have been reported. Another deformity observed in dogs is the swimming dog syndrome, which consists ofthe lateral opening of the thoracic and pelvic limbs, associated with the pedalling movement. These disorders are frequentlyreported in medical practice, are considered rare among canines. This report aims to describe a case of pectus excavatumassociated with the swimming dog syndrome (Case 1) and another case of pectus carinatum (Case 2).Cases: Case 1. An approximately 45-day-old male American Pitbull canine had difficulty standing. Physical examinationrevealed hyperextension of the thoracic and pelvic limb joints and flattening of the thorax. After radiographic examination, pectus excavatum and the swimming dog syndrome were confirmed. The conservative treatment with splinting andhydrotherapy was chosen. At the 3-month follow-up, slight improvement in the limbs and irregular and unsatisfactorygrowth of the thorax leading to episodes of dyspnoea were observed. Case 2. A female Pug, approximately 2 months old,had a thorax deformity. Physical examination revealed thorax protrusion, confirmed on radiography as pectus carinatum.Conservative therapy was provided using compressive bandage. One month later, the tutor reported improvement in thecondition and absence of respiratory changes.Discussion: Pectus deformities has low incidence, and cases to pectus carinatum, there is a sexual predisposition, that is,males are more predisposed, differing from Case 2, a female dog. In the cases of pectus excavatum, no genetic alterationwas directly related to its occurrence...

Protocolo anestésico para ressecção parcial da parede torácica seguida de reconstrução em cães: relato de dois casos / Anesthetic protocol for thoracic wall resection followed by reconstruction in dogs: a two-case report

O presente trabalho relata o protocolo anestésico utilizado em dois cães submetidos à cirurgia de ressecção e reconstrução da parede torácica devido a neoplasmas, no Hospital Veterinário Roque Quagliato do Centro Universitário das Faculdades Integradas de Ourinhos, São Paulo. Uma cadela poodle de 10 anos e um cão rottweiler de um ano e três meses foram submetidos à anestesia geral com isofluorano, bloqueio intercostal de, respectivamente, seis e sete espaços intercostais com lidocaína 2% e bupivacaína 0,5% e infusão contínua de morfina (0,1 mg/kg/h), lidocaína (50 μg/kg/minuto) e midazolam (0,1 mg/kg/h). No período pós-operatório imediato, ambos receberam administração peridural de morfina 0,2 mg/kg e fentanila 2 μg/kg diluídos com NaCl 0,9% para 0,3 mL/kg. Um tubo de analgesia foi deixado durante as 48 horas subsequentes na ferida cirúrgica para administração de lidocaína e bupivacaína em total de uma dose tóxica por dia, fracionada para cinco aplicações. A prescrição analgésica pós-operatória constituiu-se de tramadol 4 mg/kg e dipirona 25 mg/kg a cada oito horas durante sete dias, juntamente com meloxicam 0,1 mg/kg a cada 24 horas durante três dias. Os animais recuperaram-se tranquilamente e não foram observados sinais de dor ao longo dos sete dias subsequentes. Recomenda-se o protocolo relatado para cirurgias de ressecção da parede torácica em cães.(AU)

It is reported the anesthetic protocol used for two dogs subjected to thoracic wall resection due to neoplasms at the Roque Quagliato Veterinary Hospital, University Center of Integrated Faculties of Ourinhos, São Paulo. A female Poodle aged 10 years and a male rottweiler aged 1.25 years were anesthetized with isoflurane, local anesthesia of respectively six and seven intercostal spaces using 2% lidocaine and 0.5% bupivacaine, and continuous rate infusion of morphine (0.1 mg/kg/h), lidocaine (50 μg/kg/minute) and midazolam (0.1 mg/kg/h). Postoperatively, both animals received epidural morphine at 0.2 mg/kg and fentanyl at 2 μg/kg in 0.9% NaCl for a total volume of 0.3 mL/kg. A wound soaker catheter was left in place during the subsequent 48 hours for administration of lidocaine and bupivacaine at a total of one toxic dose for each day, divided into five applications. Postoperative prescription comprised tramadol at 4 mg/kg and metamizole at 25 mg/kg every eight hours for seven days, and meloxicam 0.1 mg/kg every 24 hours for three days. Both dogs recovered quietly from anesthesia and no signs of pain were detected during the next seven days. This anesthetic protocol is recommended for thoracic wall resection in dogs.(AU)

Protocolo anestésico para ressecção parcial da parede torácica seguida de reconstrução em cães: relato de dois casos / Anesthetic protocol for thoracic wall resection followed by reconstruction in dogs: a two-case report

O presente trabalho relata o protocolo anestésico utilizado em dois cães submetidos à cirurgia de ressecção e reconstrução da parede torácica devido a neoplasmas, no Hospital Veterinário Roque Quagliato do Centro Universitário das Faculdades Integradas de Ourinhos, São Paulo. Uma cadela poodle de 10 anos e um cão rottweiler de um ano e três meses foram submetidos à anestesia geral com isofluorano, bloqueio intercostal de, respectivamente, seis e sete espaços intercostais com lidocaína 2% e bupivacaína 0,5% e infusão contínua de morfina (0,1 mg/kg/h), lidocaína (50 μg/kg/minuto) e midazolam (0,1 mg/kg/h). No período pós-operatório imediato, ambos receberam administração peridural de morfina 0,2 mg/kg e fentanila 2 μg/kg diluídos com NaCl 0,9% para 0,3 mL/kg. Um tubo de analgesia foi deixado durante as 48 horas subsequentes na ferida cirúrgica para administração de lidocaína e bupivacaína em total de uma dose tóxica por dia, fracionada para cinco aplicações. A prescrição analgésica pós-operatória constituiu-se de tramadol 4 mg/kg e dipirona 25 mg/kg a cada oito horas durante sete dias, juntamente com meloxicam 0,1 mg/kg a cada 24 horas durante três dias. Os animais recuperaram-se tranquilamente e não foram observados sinais de dor ao longo dos sete dias subsequentes. Recomenda-se o protocolo relatado para cirurgias de ressecção da parede torácica em cães.

It is reported the anesthetic protocol used for two dogs subjected to thoracic wall resection due to neoplasms at the Roque Quagliato Veterinary Hospital, University Center of Integrated Faculties of Ourinhos, São Paulo. A female Poodle aged 10 years and a male rottweiler aged 1.25 years were anesthetized with isoflurane, local anesthesia of respectively six and seven intercostal spaces using 2% lidocaine and 0.5% bupivacaine, and continuous rate infusion of morphine (0.1 mg/kg/h), lidocaine (50 μg/kg/minute) and midazolam (0.1 mg/kg/h). Postoperatively, both animals received epidural morphine at 0.2 mg/kg and fentanyl at 2 μg/kg in 0.9% NaCl for a total volume of 0.3 mL/kg. A wound soaker catheter was left in place during the subsequent 48 hours for administration of lidocaine and bupivacaine at a total of one toxic dose for each day, divided into five applications. Postoperative prescription comprised tramadol at 4 mg/kg and metamizole at 25 mg/kg every eight hours for seven days, and meloxicam 0.1 mg/kg every 24 hours for three days. Both dogs recovered quietly from anesthesia and no signs of pain were detected during the next seven days. This anesthetic protocol is recommended for thoracic wall resection in dogs.

Flap bipedicular no tratamento de lesão cutânea traumática em membro torácico de gato: relato de caso / Bipedicular flap in the treatment of traumatic skin injury in cat thoracic member: case report

O objetivo do presente estudo é relatar a construção de um retalho direto de bolsa bipediculada com fixação apendicular à região torácica para o tratamento de lesões extensas no membro torácico direito de um gato. Foi tratado no Hospital Veterinário Unicesumar Maringá - Paraná, um felino de 1 ano de idade, apresentando lesão no membro torácico, após história de briga com outro animal da mesma espécie. Ao exame físico, apresentava fístula e edema no membro torácico direito. O paciente foi anestesiado e foi realizado o desbridamento das áreas desvitalizadas. Como terapia inicial, a lesão foi tratada como ferida aberta, até a formação de tecido de granulação, para posterior correção do defeito empregando retalho bipediculado em bolsa direta, com fixação temporária do membro à parede torácica. Após duas semanas, o membro foi desimplantado e os pontos foram removidos 21 dias após a aplicação do retalho. O uso do retalho permitiu completa cicatrização da ferida, sem ocorrência de hematomas, necrose ou deiscência de sutura. Conclui-se que a utilização do retalho bipedicular é aplicável ao tratamento de feridas traumáticas em membro torácico de felinos.(AU)

The aim of the present study is to report the construction of a direct bipedicled pouch flap with appendicular fixation to the thoracic region for the treatment of extensive lesions in the right thoracic limb of a cat. He was treated on Hospital Veterinário Unicesumar Maringá - Paraná, a 1-year-old feline, presenting injury to the thoracic limb after a history of fighting with another animal of the same species. On physical examination, he presented fistula and edema in the right thoracic limb. The patient was anesthetized and debridement of the devitalized areas was performed. As an initial therapy, the lesion was treated as an open wound until granulation tissue was formed for subsequent correction of the defect using a direct pouch bipedicled flap, with temporary fixation of the limb to the chest wall. After two weeks, the limb was unimplanted and the stitches were removed 21 days after flap application. The use of the flap allowed complete wound healing without bruising, necrosis or suture dehiscence. It is concluded that the use of bipedicular flap is applicable to the treatment of traumatic wounds in feline thoracic limb.(AU)

Evaluation of echocardiographic variables of morphometry and function in horses submitted to minimally invasive partial pericardiotomy / [Avaliação de variáveis ecocardiográficas morfométricas e funcionais em cavalos submetidos à pericardiotomia parcial minimamente invasiva]

This study aimed to evaluate the impact of minimally invasive partial pericardiotomy on echocardiographic variables of morphometry and function in healthy horses. Minimally invasive pericardiotomy was performed in six healthy horses. Echocardiographic evaluation was executed in different moments: prior to the surgical procedure (M0); 24 hours post procedure (M1); 72 hours post procedure (M2) and 28 days post procedure (M3). The following variables were measured: Right ventricular internal diameter in diastole and systole (RVd and RVs), interventricular septum thickness in diastole and systole (IVSd and IVSs), left ventricular internal diameter in diastole and systole (LVd and LVs), left ventricular free wall thickness in diastole and systole (LVFWd and LVFWs), aortic root diameter (Ao) and left atrial diameter (LA). From this data, the following variables were calculated: fractional shortening (FS%), fractional thickening of the interventricular septum (IVS%), fractional thickening of the left ventricular free wall (LVFW%) and the relationship between left atrial and aortic diameters (LA/Ao). After 28 days, a new thoracoscopy was performed for inspection of the thoracic cavity. In M1 and M2 ECO evaluations, a statistically significant change in LVFW and a decrease in RVd, LVd, LVFWs, LA, LVs, FS% and IVS was documented. Pericardiotomy is a promising technique in horses, with minor postoperative complication. The variations in the echocardiographic parameters were transient and did not cause hemodynamic damage to the animals.(AU)

O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar o impacto da pericardiotomia parcial minimamente invasiva sobre as variáveis ecocardiográficas morfométricas e funcionais em cavalos, visto que não há nenhum trabalho que tenha avaliado o impacto da pericardiotomia na espécie equina. Foram utilizados seis cavalos hígidos, nos quais se realizou pericardiotomia minimamente invasiva. Em todos eles, foi efetuado exame ecocardiográfico em diferentes momentos: previamente ao procedimento cirúrgico (M0); 24 horas após (M1); 72 horas após (M2) e 28 dias após (M3). Foram mensurados: diâmetro interno do ventrículo direito (VDd e VDs), espessura do septo interventricular (SIVd e SIVs), diâmetro interno do ventrículo esquerdo (VEd e VEs), espessura da parede livre do ventrículo esquerdo (PLVEd e PLVEs), diâmetro interno da aorta (Ao) e diâmetro atrial esquerdo (AE). Foram calculadas as variáveis fração de encurtamento (FEC%), espessamento fracional do septo interventricular (SIV%), espessamento fracional da parede livre do ventrículo esquerdo (PLVE%) e relação entre diâmetro do átrio esquerdo e diâmetro aórtico (AE/Ao). Após 28 dias, realizou-se nova toracoscopia para inspeção da cavidade torácica. Nas avaliações do ECO no M1 e no M2, houve alteração estatisticamente significativa no PLVE em diástole (28±5,5 e 31,7±2, respectivamente) e diminuição dos parâmetros VDd,(30,1±11,6 e 31,7± 10,7) VEd (113,3±21 e 121,7±13,7), PLVEs (42±8,2 e 43,9±2,8), AE (78,5±6,1 e 82,7±4,7), VEs (74,1±16 e 71,5±9,3), FEC (34,4±10,2 e 41,2±5,7) e SIV (27,1±8,7 e 42,3±27,9). A técnica de pericardiotomia empregada mostrou-se promissora em equinos. As variações dos parâmetros ecocardiográficos foram transitórias, não causando prejuízos hemodinâmicos aos animais.(AU)

Aberrant right subclavian artery in a dog - case report / [Ectopia de artéria subclávia direita em cão - relato de caso]

The brachiocephalic trunk and the left subclavian artery originate from the aortic arch, and both supply blood to the head, neck, and thoracic limbs. Anatomical variations, such as an aberrant right subclavian artery, are congenital conditions rarely observed in dogs, Thus, the objective of the present report was to describe a case of aberrant right subclavian artery in a 9-year-old Dalmatian. However, this anomaly was a finding in which the patient was asymptomatic during its 9 years of life and only at this age did he exhibit signs including sialorrhea, vomiting, hyporexia, and noisy deglutition. Blood count, biochemical profile, and thoracic radiography led to a diagnosis of megaesophagus and aspiration pneumonia. Despite the recommended treatment, the patient did not respond well; as such, the owner elected to euthanize the animal. On necropsy, the right subclavian artery originated directly from the aortic arch, followed a route from left to right dorsally to the esophagus, and then formed an impression of the vascular path over the muscular wall of the esophagus. The esophagus, in turn, exhibited a flaccid wall and dilation in the caudal portion to the vascular path made by the ectopic position of the right subclavian artery.(AU)

O tronco braquiocefálico e a artéria subclávia esquerda emergem do arco aórtico e são responsáveis por fazerem o suprimento sanguíneo para cabeça, pescoço e membros torácicos. Variações anatômicas, como a ectopia da artéria subclávia direita, são alterações congênitas raramente encontradas em cães, cujas alterações do sistema digestivo acontecem em pacientes recém-desmamados e não em adultos. Assim, o objetivo deste relato é descrever um caso de ectopia da artéria subclávia direita em uma cadela, Dálmata, de nove anos de idade. No entanto, essa anomalia foi um achado do qual o paciente foi assintomático durante os nove anos de vida e somente com essa idade apresentou sinais como sialorreia, vômito, hiporexia e deglutição ruidosa. O hemograma e os perfis bioquímicos, associados à radiografia torácica, levaram a um diagnóstico de megaesôfago e pneumonia aspirativa. Mesmo seguindo o tratamento recomendado, houve piora clínica do quadro e o animal foi submetido à eutanásia. À macroscopia, a artéria subclávia direita originava-se direto do arco aórtico, fazia um percurso da esquerda para a direita dorsalmente ao esôfago e, então, formava uma impressão do trajeto vascular sobre a parede muscular do esôfago. O esôfago, por sua vez, apresentava parede flácida e dilatação na porção caudal ao trajeto vascular feito pela posição ectópica da artéria subclávia direita.(AU)

Flap bipedicular no tratamento de lesão cutânea traumática em membro torácico de gato: relato de caso / Bipedicular flap in the treatment of traumatic skin injury in cat thoracic member: case report

O objetivo do presente estudo é relatar a construção de um retalho direto de bolsa bipediculada com fixação apendicular à região torácica para o tratamento de lesões extensas no membro torácico direito de um gato. Foi tratado no Hospital Veterinário Unicesumar Maringá - Paraná, um felino de 1 ano de idade, apresentando lesão no membro torácico, após história de briga com outro animal da mesma espécie. Ao exame físico, apresentava fístula e edema no membro torácico direito. O paciente foi anestesiado e foi realizado o desbridamento das áreas desvitalizadas. Como terapia inicial, a lesão foi tratada como ferida aberta, até a formação de tecido de granulação, para posterior correção do defeito empregando retalho bipediculado em bolsa direta, com fixação temporária do membro à parede torácica. Após duas semanas, o membro foi desimplantado e os pontos foram removidos 21 dias após a aplicação do retalho. O uso do retalho permitiu completa cicatrização da ferida, sem ocorrência de hematomas, necrose ou deiscência de sutura. Conclui-se que a utilização do retalho bipedicular é aplicável ao tratamento de feridas traumáticas em membro torácico de felinos.

The aim of the present study is to report the construction of a direct bipedicled pouch flap with appendicular fixation to the thoracic region for the treatment of extensive lesions in the right thoracic limb of a cat. He was treated on Hospital Veterinário Unicesumar Maringá - Paraná, a 1-year-old feline, presenting injury to the thoracic limb after a history of fighting with another animal of the same species. On physical examination, he presented fistula and edema in the right thoracic limb. The patient was anesthetized and debridement of the devitalized areas was performed. As an initial therapy, the lesion was treated as an open wound until granulation tissue was formed for subsequent correction of the defect using a direct pouch bipedicled flap, with temporary fixation of the limb to the chest wall. After two weeks, the limb was unimplanted and the stitches were removed 21 days after flap application. The use of the flap allowed complete wound healing without bruising, necrosis or suture dehiscence. It is concluded that the use of bipedicular flap is applicable to the treatment of traumatic wounds in feline thoracic limb.

Schistosomus reflexus in dogs: case report

The Schistosomus reflexus (SR) etymologically refers to an abdominal and / or thoracic cleft with eventration of viscera. This pathology is diagnosed more frequently in ruminants such as cattle and sheep compared to few cases reported in dogs. According to reports, this is the fourth case of SR that is reported in canines. This condition is likely caused by various factors such as endocrine, alimentary, metabolic, hereditary and teratogenic in the first third of gestation, leading to disorders in embryonic development. In this report, a two-year-old canine Pinscher that presented clinical signs of birth was taken to the Veterinary hospital. Four puppies were born; three of them presented morphological malformations, being compatible with SR. It was observed abdominal cleft associated to abdominal and thoracic ventral midline defect, eventration with exposure of viscera (liver, intestines, and spleen), cleft palate, proptosis and microcephaly.

Schistosomus reflexus in dogs: case report

The Schistosomus reflexus (SR) etymologically refers to an abdominal and / or thoracic cleft with eventration of viscera. This pathology is diagnosed more frequently in ruminants such as cattle and sheep compared to few cases reported in dogs. According to reports, this is the fourth case of SR that is reported in canines. This condition is likely caused by various factors such as endocrine, alimentary, metabolic, hereditary and teratogenic in the first third of gestation, leading to disorders in embryonic development. In this report, a two-year-old canine Pinscher that presented clinical signs of birth was taken to the Veterinary hospital. Four puppies were born; three of them presented morphological malformations, being compatible with SR. It was observed abdominal cleft associated to abdominal and thoracic ventral midline defect, eventration with exposure of viscera (liver, intestines, and spleen), cleft palate, proptosis and microcephaly.(AU)

Reparo de lesão penetrante em parede torácica de cão, ocasionada por javali (Sus scrofa scrofa), com flape unipediculado de músculo reto abdominal / Unipediculated flap of muscle rectos abdominales to repair a penetrating injury caused by javali (Sus scrofa scrofa) on the thoracic wall of a dog

Lesões penetrantes no tórax causadas por interação animal são frequentes em cães e caracterizam-se por dano extenso e desvitalização dos tecidos moles adjacentes. Quando a musculatura local é insuficiente para a reconstrução, retalhos musculares podem ser mobilizados para reparar o defeito torácico. O presente relato tem como objetivo demonstrar uma alternativa para o reparo de defeito da parede torácica em um cão, ocasionada por interação com javali (Sus scrofa scrofa), utilizando flape unipediculado de músculo reto abdominal. Com base na literatura consultada, essa técnica reconstrutiva ainda não foi descrita. O flape de músculo reto abdominal mostrou-se uma alternativa viável no reparo de lesão extensa e infectada na parede torácica em cães.(AU)

Penetrating thoracic wounds caused by animal bites are common in dogs and are characterized by extensive trauma and adjacent soft tissue devitalization. When the local musculature is insufficient for the reconstruction, muscle flaps can be taken to repair the thoracic defect. The aim of the present report is to demonstrate an alternative to the thoracic wall defect repair in a dog which was attacked by javali (Sus scrofa scrofa), using unipediculated flap of the rectus abdominis muscle. Based on the literature, this reconstructive technique has not yet been described. The rectus abdominis muscle flap proves to be a useful alternative for the repair of extensive and infected thoracic wall lesion in dogs.(AU)

Reparo de lesão penetrante em parede torácica de cão, ocasionada por javali (Sus scrofa scrofa), com flape unipediculado de músculo reto abdominal / Unipediculated flap of muscle rectos abdominales to repair a penetrating injury caused by javali (Sus scrofa scrofa) on the thoracic wall of a dog

Lesões penetrantes no tórax causadas por interação animal são frequentes em cães e caracterizam-se por dano extenso e desvitalização dos tecidos moles adjacentes. Quando a musculatura local é insuficiente para a reconstrução, retalhos musculares podem ser mobilizados para reparar o defeito torácico. O presente relato tem como objetivo demonstrar uma alternativa para o reparo de defeito da parede torácica em um cão, ocasionada por interação com javali (Sus scrofa scrofa), utilizando flape unipediculado de músculo reto abdominal. Com base na literatura consultada, essa técnica reconstrutiva ainda não foi descrita. O flape de músculo reto abdominal mostrou-se uma alternativa viável no reparo de lesão extensa e infectada na parede torácica em cães.(AU)

Penetrating thoracic wounds caused by animal bites are common in dogs and are characterized by extensive trauma and adjacent soft tissue devitalization. When the local musculature is insufficient for the reconstruction, muscle flaps can be taken to repair the thoracic defect. The aim of the present report is to demonstrate an alternative to the thoracic wall defect repair in a dog which was attacked by javali (Sus scrofa scrofa), using unipediculated flap of the rectus abdominis muscle. Based on the literature, this reconstructive technique has not yet been described. The rectus abdominis muscle flap proves to be a useful alternative for the repair of extensive and infected thoracic wall lesion in dogs.(AU)

Unusual caudal vena cava thrombosis in a cow, secondary to Trueperella (Arcanobacterium) pyogenes infection / Rara trombose da veia cava caudal em bovino, secundária à infecção por Trueperella (Arcanobacterium) pyogenes

The caudal vena cava thrombosis, or pulmonary thromboembolism, in cattle is correlated with lactic acidosis, caused by diets rich in grains and highly fermentable, associated or not to septic situations, used in feedlots of beef or high-producing dairy cattle. This paper reports an unusual caudal vena cava thrombosis in a cow, secondary to Trueperella (Arcanobacterium) pyogenes infection, resulting in reduced milk production, anorexia, pale mucous membranes, ruminal atony, sternal decubitus and autoauscultation position. The heart was enlarged at necropsy, presence of clots distributed along the thoracic cavity, adherence between lung and pleura, abscesses, emphysema, petechiae, suffusions and ecchymosis in lungs, thickening of the caudal vena cava wall, hepatomegaly with chronic passive congestion ("nutmeg" aspect), and rumenitis. In lab, the actinomycete Trueperella (Arcanobacterium) pyogenes was isolated from liver and lung samples, probably resulting through dissemination of the bacteria of the rumen content, what reaffirms the opportunistic behavior of this actinomycete.(AU)

A síndrome da veia cava caudal ou tromboembolismo pulmonar bovino está relacionada à acidose láctica causada por dietas ricas em grãos e altamente fermentáveis, associados ou não a quadros sépticos, usadas em confinamentos de bovinos de corte ou para vacas leiteiras de alta produção. O presente artigo reporta caso raro de trombose da veia cava caudal em uma vaca, secundária a infecção por Trueperella (Arcanobacterium) pyogenes, apresentando reduzida produção de leite, anorexia, palidez de mucosas, atonia ruminal, decúbito esternal e posição de autoauscultação. À necrópsia observou-se coração aumentado de tamanho, coágulos distribuídos por toda cavidade torácica, aderência entre os pulmões e pleura, abscessos, enfisema, petéquias, sufusões, equimoses nos pulmões, espessamento da parede da veia cava caudal com trombo, hepatomegalia com congestão passiva crônica (aspecto de "noz moscada"), e ruminite. Em laboratório isolou-se o actinomiceto Trueperella (Arcanobacterium) pyogenes a partir de amostras de fígado e pulmão, provavelmente resultando da disseminação da bactéria proveniente do conteúdo ruminal, e reafirma o comportamento oportunista deste actinomiceto.(AU)

Bases ósseas e musculares dos cortes comerciais do tronco de jacaré-do-Pantanal (Caimanyacare Daudin, 1802) / Bone and muscular bases of commercial cuts from yacare caiman (Caiman yacare Daudin, 1802)

O consumo de carne de jacaré-do-Pantanal tornou-se uma tendência de mercado e uma cadeia produtiva em ascensão no Estado de Mato Grosso, sendo 28,40% da carne comercializada nos últimos quatro anos oriundos do tronco. Estudos evolutivos, morfofisiológicos, ontogenéticos e tecnológicos foram desenvolvidos, mas não há descrição da musculatura e bases ósseas dos cortes comerciais. Objetivou-se descrever os músculos e correspondentes bases ósseas dos cortes filé de lombo, filé mignon e aparas. Na descrição óssea, utilizaram-se seis carcaças desossadas de exemplares juvenis de jacaré-do-Pantanal, além de um exemplar adulto, obtido por doação após óbito, do Zoológico da UFMT. Os ossos foram macerados em água corrente, clareados e descritos. Para a descrição muscular, 24 exemplares juvenis foram abatidos e esfolados, conservados em freezer e descongelados quando utilizados, sem qualquer fixação. Após a evisceração, foram dissecados em ambos os antímeros. Os músculos semiespinhal, longuíssimo e iliocostal, fixados nas vértebras e costelas torácicas, lombares e sacrais, formam o filé de lombo. O corte aparas é constituído pelos músculos grande dorsal, serrátil, peitoral e abdominais (oblíquo externo, oblíquo interno, transverso e reto), cuja base óssea corresponde as costelas torácicas, lombares e sacrais, a gastrália, o esterno e o epipúbis. Por sua vez, o m. puboisquiofemoral interno cranial, localizado na região sublombar e o m. troncocaudal, da superfície ventral da pelve, compreendem o filé mignon.(AU)

Yacare Caiman meat consumption has become a marketing trend and a commodity on the rise in Mato Grosso state in Brazil. In the last four years, cuts from the trunk represented 28.40% of total meat sales. Although evolutionary studies, morphophysiological ontogenetic and technology research have been carried out, characterization of muscle and bone bases of cuts from the torso has not been previously reported. The aim of this research is to describe the muscles and corresponding bones related to sirloin, filet mignon and meat trims cuts. To describe the bones, we used six boned carcasses from juvenile Yacare Caiman, as well as an adult specimen, obtained by donation after death from the Federal University of Mato Grosso Zoo. The bones were macerated, bleached and their anatomical details recorded. In order to study the muscle, 24 juvenile specimens were obtained after slaughter and skinning and dissected on both sides. The sirloin cut consists of the semispinal, longissimus and iliocostalis muscles, which are inserted on thoracic vertebrae and ribs, as well as lumbar and sacral ribs. The meat trims cut is formed by latissimus dorsi, serratus, pectoral and abdominal (external oblique, internal oblique, transversus and rectus) muscles, based in various bones: bone ribs are the thoracic, lumbar, and sacral ribs, the gastralia, the sternum and epipúbis. The filet mignon cut is formed by the internal puboischiofemoralis cranial (sublumbar) muscle and by the troncocaudal (ventral surface of the pelvis) muscle.(AU)

Thoracic and abdominal wall reconstruction with polypropylene mesh after high grade infiltrative fibrosarcoma resection in a dog

Background: Soft tissue sarcomas are a group of invasive malignant tumors formed by neoplastic mesenchymal cells. In most cases, the treatment require surgical resection. When sarcoma characteristics disqualify conventional tumor excision, polypropylene mesh can be used for abdominal or chest wall reconstruction. This paper aims to describe the clinical, computed tomography features, histopathlogical and immunohistochemical aspects of a chest wall fibrosarcoma, as well as to describe the tumor excision technique combined with resection of multiple ribs, diaphragm advancement and reconstruction of thoracic and abdominal wall with a synthetic polypropylene mesh. Case: An 11-year-old male Boxer was presented with a progressive growth tumor in the left paralumbar area. The invasive tumor measuring 15 cm in diameter, was firm epidermodermal coverage and was adherent to the subcutaneous tissue, having a smooth and non-ulcerative skin surface. Ultrasound of the mass consisted of a heterogeneous structure comprising paralumbar region, invading abdomen and left thoracic wall. Thoracic radiography showed no signs of nodular interstitial pulmonary pattern compatible with metastasis. The dog was submitted to a CT examination of thoracolumbar region, which demonstrated the presence of the circumscribed mass, measuring approximately 17 cm in diameter in the left paralumbar region with...(AU)

Thoracic and abdominal wall reconstruction with polypropylene mesh after high grade infiltrative fibrosarcoma resection in a dog

Background: Soft tissue sarcomas are a group of invasive malignant tumors formed by neoplastic mesenchymal cells. In most cases, the treatment require surgical resection. When sarcoma characteristics disqualify conventional tumor excision, polypropylene mesh can be used for abdominal or chest wall reconstruction. This paper aims to describe the clinical, computed tomography features, histopathlogical and immunohistochemical aspects of a chest wall fibrosarcoma, as well as to describe the tumor excision technique combined with resection of multiple ribs, diaphragm advancement and reconstruction of thoracic and abdominal wall with a synthetic polypropylene mesh. Case: An 11-year-old male Boxer was presented with a progressive growth tumor in the left paralumbar area. The invasive tumor measuring 15 cm in diameter, was firm epidermodermal coverage and was adherent to the subcutaneous tissue, having a smooth and non-ulcerative skin surface. Ultrasound of the mass consisted of a heterogeneous structure comprising paralumbar region, invading abdomen and left thoracic wall. Thoracic radiography showed no signs of nodular interstitial pulmonary pattern compatible with metastasis. The dog was submitted to a CT examination of thoracolumbar region, which demonstrated the presence of the circumscribed mass, measuring approximately 17 cm in diameter in the left paralumbar region with...