Effect of Sunflower Kernel Peptides Produced by Dual-Degradation on the Growth Performance, Nutrient Digestibility, and Health Status of Broilers

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of sunflower kernel peptides produced by enzymatic digestion, fermentation, or both on the growth performance, nutrient digestibility, and health status of broilers. Four diets contained 20% of sunflower kernel meal as its raw form (CON) or degraded by protease (ESM), Bacillus pumilus (FSM), or both (DSM). A total of 480 yellow broilers at one day old were randomly distributed to 4 groups with 6 replicates of 20 chicks each. The feeding trial lasted for 63 d. Results showed that peptide content was increased (p<0.001) from 3.97% (CON) to 32.5% (ESM), 24.2% (FSM), and 39.1% (DSM). The three sunflower peptide groups improved (p≤0.001) feed intake and body weight gain. The peptide groups increased (p≤0.015) ileal apparent digestibility of dry matter, energy, crude protein, and amino acids (methionine, lysine, tryptophan, and threonine). Furthermore, the peptide groups improved (p≤0.029) the health status by increasing serum immunoglobulins (IgA, IgG) and glutathione peroxidase. Additionally, among the peptide groups, DSM showed more pronounced effects (p<0.05) on these parameters than ESM or FSM. It is concluded that dual-degradation by enzymolysis and fermentation has a better improvement in the nutrition and application of sunflower kernel meal in broilers.(AU)

Insect meal in poultry feed: a potential protein source

The present study aims to conduct a review on the potential use of insect meal as an alternative protein source in poultry feed, particularly to serve the rearing of free-range chickens. Insects are already part of the diet of birds in their natural habitat, and the availability of low-cost alternative foods with low environmental impact is essential for the development of the activity. The review comprehended studies that used meals consisting of silkworm (Bombyx mori) chrysalis, earthworm (Eisenia foetida), housefly (Musca domestica), black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens) and mealworm beetle (Tenebrio molitor) to replace plant-based protein sources. In general, insect meals have a high content of crude protein and ether extract, as well as an essential amino acid profile suitable for poultry feeding. The addition of insect meal in poultry feed normally shows good results as to growth performance and egg production, without causing a negative effect on carcass characteristics, meat sensory quality and egg quality, presenting itself as an alternative protein source with good prospects for replacing plant-based sources in poultry feed.(AU)

Utilização de caneca de alumínio como material alternativo para temperatura de globo de Vernon / Use of aluminum mug as alternative material for Vernon globe temperature

Diversos estudos relacionados à viabilidade e eficiência do uso de materiais alternativos ao globo de Vernon têm sido realizados, principalmente em decorrência ao preço elevado do cobre, componente do instrumento padrão. O objetivo foi avaliar a eficiência da utilização de caneca de alumínio como material alternativo para substituição do globo de Vernon. Para a confecção do protótipo empregou-se uma caneca de alumínio, utilizada em pistola de pintura, com capacidade de 50 ml. A caneca foi pintada com tinta preto-fosca, em duas camadas e um termômetro de mercúrio foi inserido ao centro. Para realização dos testes foram utilizados quatro equipamentos (dois globos de Vernon e dois globos negros alternativos). Foram efetuados testes prévios de comportamento temporal. Estabelecido o tempo, as temperaturas dos globos foram coletadas durante sete dias consecutivos, em três períodos, de 15 minutos cada. Os registros de temperatura foram realizados a cada cinco minutos, num total de 84 por equipamento. Os dados foram submetidos a análise de correlação de Pearson. Os resultados indicaram correlação positiva com o r2 de 0,9927, estabelecendo uma forte correlação entre os resultados de temperatura média do globo negro alternativo e globo de Vernon. Conclui-se que o globo negro alternativo do tipo caneca de alumínio mostrou-se eficiente para aferição da temperatura de globo negro em estudos de ambiência em substituição ao Globo de Vernon.(AU)

Several studies related to the feasibility and efficiency of using alternative materials to Vernon's globe have been carried out, mainly due to the high price of copper, a component of the standard instrument. The objective was to evaluate the efficiency of using an aluminum mug as an alternative material for replacing Vernon's globe. To make the prototype, an aluminum mug was used, used in a paint gun, with a capacity of 50 ml. The mug was painted with matte black paint, in two layers and a mercury thermometer was inserted in the center. Four pieces of equipment were used to carry out the tests (two Vernon globes and two alternative black globes). Previous temporal behavior tests were carried out. Once the time was established, the globes' temperatures were collected for seven consecutive days, in three periods of 15 minutes each. Temperature records were taken every five minutes, a total of 84 per equipment. Data were subjected to Pearson's correlation analysis. The results indicated a positive correlation with the r2 of 0.9927, establishing a strong correlation between the mean temperature results of the alternative black globe and Vernon's globe. It is concluded that the alternative black globe of the aluminum mug type proved tobe efficient for measuring the temperature of the black globe in ambience studies, replacing the Vernon Globe.(AU)

Circular RNA protein tyrosine kinase 2 aggravates pyroptosis and inflammation in septic lung tissue by promoting microRNA-766/eukaryotic initiation factor 5A axis-mediated ATP efflux

Purpose: Sepsis is characterized by an acute inflammatory response to infection, often with multiple organ failures, especially severe lung injury. This study was implemented to probe circular RNA (circRNA) protein tyrosine kinase 2 (circPTK2)-associated regulatory mechanisms in septic acute lung injury (ALI). Methods: A cecal ligation and puncture-based mouse model and an lipopolysaccharides (LPS)-based alveolar type II cell (RLE-6TN) model were generated to mimic sepsis. In the two models, inflammation- and pyroptosisrelated genes were measured. Results: The degree of lung injury in mice was analyzed by hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining and the apoptosis was by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP-biotin nick end labeling staining. In addition, pyroptosis and toxicity were detected in cells. Finally, the binding relationship between circPTK2, miR-766, and eukaryotic initiation factor 5A (eIF5A) was detected. Data indicated that circPTK2 and eIF5A were up-regulated and miR-766 was down-regulated in LPS-treated RLE-6TN cells and lung tissue of septic mice. Lung injury in septic mice was ameliorated after inhibition of circPTK2. Conclusion: It was confirmed in the cell model that knockdown of circPTK2 effectively ameliorated LPS-induced ATP efflux, pyroptosis, and inflammation. Mechanistically, circPTK2 mediated eIF5A expression by competitively adsorbing miR-766. Taken together, circPTK2/ miR-766/eIF5A axis ameliorates septic ALI, developing a novel therapeutic target for the disease.

Annexin A1 peptide Ac2-26 mitigates ventilator-induced lung injury in acute respiratory distress syndrome rats and partly depended on the endothelial nitric oxide synthase pathway

Purpose: Although mechanical ventilation is an essential support for acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), ventilation also leads to ventilator-induced lung injury (VILI). This study aimed to estimate the effect and mechanism of Annexin A1 peptide (Ac2-26) on VILI in ARDS rats. Methods: Thirty-two rats were randomized into the sham (S), mechanical ventilation (V), mechanical ventilation/Ac2-26 (VA), and mechanical ventilation/Ac2-26/L-NIO (VAL) groups. The S group only received anesthesia, and the other three groups received endotoxin and then ventilation for 4 h. Rats in the V, VA and VAL groups received saline, Ac2-26, and A c2-26/N5-(1-iminoethyl)-l-ornithine (L-NIO), respectively. Results: All indexes deteriorated in the V, VA and VAL groups compared with the S group. Compared with V group, the PaO2/FiO2 ratio was increased, but the wet-to-dry weight ratio and protein levels in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid were decreased in the VA group. The inflammatory cells and proinflammatory factors were reduced by Ac2-26. The oxidative stress response, lung injury and apoptosis were also decreased by Ac2-26 compared to V group. All improvements of Ac2-26 were partly reversed by L-NIO. Conclusions: Ac2-26 mitigates VILI in ARDS rats and partly depended on the endothelial nitric oxide synthase pathway.

Potential neuroprotective of trans-resveratrol a promising agent tempeh and soybean seed coats-derived against beta-amyloid neurotoxicity on primary culture of nerve cells induced by 2-methoxyethanol / Potencial neuroprotetor do agente trans-resveratrol em cascas de sementes de soja e tempê derivadas da neurotoxicidade beta-amiloide na cultura primária de células nervosas induzidas pelo 2-metoxietanol

Resveratrol, a natural polyphenol found in tempeh, has not been investigated especially in vitro as a neuroprotective agent against 2-methoxyethanol (2-ME)-induced beta-amyloid cytotoxicity. Beta amyloid peptides (Aß) could initiate neurotoxic events and neuron-inflammatory response via microglial activation. However, it remains unknown whether the neurotoxic effect of beta-amyloid and/or associated with the potential of 2-ME to induce neurotoxic effects on primary culture of nerve cells induced by 2-ME. This study investigated potential neuroprotective of trans-resveratrol a promising agent tempeh and soybean seed coats-derived against betaamyloid cytotoxicity on primary culture of nerve cells induced by 2-methoxyethanol. Biotium and MTT assays were used to analyze neurons, which were isolated from the cerebral cortex of fetal mice at gestation day 19 (GD-19). A standard solution of 2-methoxyethanol was dosed at 10 µL. The cultured cells were randomly divided into the following groups: (1) 2-ME group + resveratrol standard, (2) 2-ME group + resveratrol isolated from tempeh, (3) 2-ME group + resveratrol isolated from soybean seed coats, and (4) the control group, without the addition of either 2-ME or resveratrol. Exposure of the primary cortical neuron cells to beta-amyloid monoclonal antibody pre-incubated for 24 h with 10 µL of 4.2 µg/mL resveratrol and 7.5 mmol/l 2-methoxy-ethanol additions. Here, we report that the addition of 2-ME and resveratrol (standard and isolated from tempeh) of cell culture at concentrations of 1.4, 2.8 and 4.2 µg/mL showed that the majority of neurons grew well. In contrast, after exposure to 2-ME and Beta-amyloid, showed that glial activated. These findings demonstrate a role for resveratrol in neuroprotective-neurorescuing action.

O resveratrol, um polifenol natural encontrado em tempê, não foi investigado apenas in vitro como agente neuroprotetor contra a citotoxicidade beta-amiloide induzida por 2-metoxietanol (2-ME). Os peptídeos betaamiloides (Aß) podem iniciar eventos neurotóxicos e resposta inflamatória dos neurônios via ativação microglial. No entanto, permanece desconhecido se o efeito neurotóxico do peptídeo beta-amiloide associado ao potencial do 2-ME causa efeitos neurotóxicos na cultura primária de células nervosas induzidas pelo 2-ME. Este estudo investigou o potencial neuroprotetor do agente trans-resveratrol em cascas de sementes de soja e tempê derivadas da citotoxicidade beta-amiloide na cultura primária de células nervosas induzidas pelo 2-metoxietanol. Ensaios de biotium e MTT foram utilizados para analisar os neurônios isolados do córtex cerebral de camundongos fetais no dia da gestação 19 (GD-19). As células cultivadas foram divididas aleatoriamente nos seguintes grupos: (1) grupo 2-ME + padrão de resveratrol; (2) grupo 2-ME + resveratrol isolado de tempê; (3) grupo 2-ME + resveratrol isolado de cascas de sementes de soja; e (4) grupo controle, sem a adição de 2-ME ou resveratrol. Houve exposição das células primárias dos neurônios corticais ao anticorpo monoclonal beta-amiloide pré-incubado por 24 horas, com 10 µL de 4,2 µg/mL de resveratrol, e adições de 7,5 mmol/l de 2-metoxietanol. A adição de 2-ME e resveratrol (padrão e isolado do tempê) da cultura de células nas concentrações de 1,4, 2,8 e 4,2 µg/mL mostrou que a maioria dos neurônios cresceu bem. Por outro lado, após a exposição ao 2-ME e beta-amiloide, a glia foi ativada. Esses achados demonstram um papel do resveratrol na ação neuroprotetora e de neurorresgate.

Cerebrolysin alleviates early brain injury after traumatic brain injury by inhibiting neuroinflammation and apoptosis via TLR signaling pathway

Purpose: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a major cause of death and disability. Cerebrolysin (CBL) has been reported to be anti-inflammatory by reducing reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. However, the neuroprotection of CBL in TBI and the potential mechanism are unclear. We aimed to investigate the neuroprotection and mechanisms of CBL in TBI. Methods: The TBI model was established in strict accordance with the Feeney weight-drop model of focal injury. The neurological score, brain water content, neuroinflammatory cytokine levels, and neuronal damage were evaluated. The involvement of the early brain injury modulatory pathway was also investigated. Results: Following TBI, the results showed that CBL administration increased neurological scores and decreased brain edema by alleviating blood­brain barrier (BBB) permeability, upregulating tight junction protein (ZO­1) levels, and decreasing the levels of the inflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor­α (TNF­α), interleukin­1ß (IL­1ß), IL­6, and NF­κB. The TUNEL assay showed that CBL decreased hippocampal neuronal apoptosis after TBI and decreased the protein expression levels of caspase­3 and Bax, increasing the levels of Bcl­2. The levels of Toll­like receptor 2 (TLR2) and TLR4 were significantly decreased after CBL treatment. In TBI patients, CBL can also decrease TNF­α, IL­1ß, IL­6, and NF­κB levels. This result indicates that CBL­mediated inhibition of neuroinflammation and apoptosis ameliorated neuronal death after TBI. The neuroprotective capacity of CBL is partly dependent on the TLR signaling pathway. Conclusions: Taken together, the results of this study indicate that CBL can improve neurological outcomes and reduce neuronal death against neuroinflammation and apoptosis via the TLR signaling pathway in mice.

Local regulation of antral follicle development and ovulation in monovulatory species

The identification of mutations in the genes encoding bone morphogenetic protein 15 (BMP15) and growth and differentiation factor 9 (GDF9) associated with phenotypes of sterility or increased ovulation rate in sheep aroused interest in the study of the role of local factors in preantral and antral folliculogenesis in different species. An additive mutation in the BMP15 receptor, BMPR1b, which determines an increase in the ovulatory rate, has been introduced in several sheep breeds to increase the number of lambs born. Although these mutations indicate extremely relevant functions of these factors, the literature data on the regulation of the expression and function of these proteins and their receptors are very controversial, possibly due to differences in experimental models. The present review discusses the published data and preliminary results obtained by our group on the participation of local factors in the selection of the dominant follicle, ovulation, and follicular atresia in cattle, focusing on transforming growth factors beta and their receptors. The study of the expression pattern and the functionality of proteins produced by follicular cells and their receptors will allow increasing the knowledge about this local system, known to be involved in ovarian physiopathology and with the potential to promote contraception or increase the ovulation rate in mammals.(AU)

Potential neuroprotective of trans-resveratrol a promising agent tempeh and soybean seed coats-derived against beta-amyloid neurotoxicity on primary culture of nerve cells induced by 2-methoxyethanol

Abstract Resveratrol, a natural polyphenol found in tempeh, has not been investigated especially in vitro as a neuroprotective agent against 2-methoxyethanol (2-ME)-induced beta-amyloid cytotoxicity. Beta amyloid peptides (A) could initiate neurotoxic events and neuron-inflammatory response via microglial activation. However, it remains unknown whether the neurotoxic effect of beta-amyloid and/or associated with the potential of 2-ME to induce neurotoxic effects on primary culture of nerve cells induced by 2-ME. This study investigated potential neuroprotective of trans-resveratrol a promising agent tempeh and soybean seed coats-derived against beta-amyloid cytotoxicity on primary culture of nerve cells induced by 2-methoxyethanol. Biotium and MTT assays were used to analyze neurons, which were isolated from the cerebral cortex of fetal mice at gestation day 19 (GD-19). A standard solution of 2-methoxyethanol was dosed at 10 L. The cultured cells were randomly divided into the following groups: (1) 2-ME group + resveratrol standard, (2) 2-ME group + resveratrol isolated from tempeh, (3) 2-ME group + resveratrol isolated from soybean seed coats, and (4) the control group, without the addition of either 2-ME or resveratrol. Exposure of the primary cortical neuron cells to beta-amyloid monoclonal antibody pre-incubated for 24 h with 10 µL of 4.2 µg/mL resveratrol and 7.5 mmol/l 2-methoxy-ethanol additions. Here, we report that the addition of 2-ME and resveratrol (standard and isolated from tempeh) of cell culture at concentrations of 1.4, 2.8 and 4.2 µg/mL showed that the majority of neurons grew well. In contrast, after exposure to 2-ME and Beta-amyloid, showed that glial activated. These findings demonstrate a role for resveratrol in neuroprotective-neurorescuing action.

Resumo O resveratrol, um polifenol natural encontrado em tempê, não foi investigado apenas in vitro como agente neuroprotetor contra a citotoxicidade beta-amiloide induzida por 2-metoxietanol (2-ME). Os peptídeos beta-amiloides (A) podem iniciar eventos neurotóxicos e resposta inflamatória dos neurônios via ativação microglial. No entanto, permanece desconhecido se o efeito neurotóxico do peptídeo beta-amiloide associado ao potencial do 2-ME causa efeitos neurotóxicos na cultura primária de células nervosas induzidas pelo 2-ME. Este estudo investigou o potencial neuroprotetor do agente trans-resveratrol em cascas de sementes de soja e tempê derivadas da citotoxicidade beta-amiloide na cultura primária de células nervosas induzidas pelo 2-metoxietanol. Ensaios de biotium e MTT foram utilizados para analisar os neurônios isolados do córtex cerebral de camundongos fetais no dia da gestação 19 (GD-19). As células cultivadas foram divididas aleatoriamente nos seguintes grupos: (1) grupo 2-ME + padrão de resveratrol; (2) grupo 2-ME + resveratrol isolado de tempê; (3) grupo 2-ME + resveratrol isolado de cascas de sementes de soja; e (4) grupo controle, sem a adição de 2-ME ou resveratrol. Houve exposição das células primárias dos neurônios corticais ao anticorpo monoclonal beta-amiloide pré-incubado por 24 horas, com 10 µL de 4,2 µg/mL de resveratrol, e adições de 7,5 mmol/l de 2-metoxietanol. A adição de 2-ME e resveratrol (padrão e isolado do tempê) da cultura de células nas concentrações de 1,4, 2,8 e 4,2 µg/mL mostrou que a maioria dos neurônios cresceu bem. Por outro lado, após a exposição ao 2-ME e beta-amiloide, a glia foi ativada. Esses achados demonstram um papel do resveratrol na ação neuroprotetora e de neurorresgate.

Apparent digestibility of protein and essential aminoacids from commonly used feed ingredients in Brazil for juvenile shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei

- This study determined the apparent digestibility for crude protein (ACPD) and essential aminoacids (AEAAD) of ingredients for Litopenaeus vannamei fed diets containing soy protein concentrate (SPC), corn gluten meal (CGM), poultry byproduct meal (PBM), meat and bone meal (MBM), hydrolyzed feather meal (HFM), spray-dried blood meal (DBM), tilapia byproduct meal (TBM), Brazilian marine fish meal (BFM), salmon byproduct meal (SLM), and krill meal (KRM). Digestibility was estimated using chromic oxide as a marker in a reference (REF) mixture. Shrimp of 6-8 g body weight were reared over three separate experimental stages lasting 29-30 days each. Shrimp survival exceeded 96% and was unaffected by test ingredient. The ACPD ranged from 66.7% for a diet containing DBM to 84.2% for the REF diet. Higher ACPD were observed for aquatic compared with plant and terrestrial animal byproducts. Aside from SPC (79.3%), ACPD for CGM was low at 47.5%. Among terrestrial animal byproducts, ACPD was higher for MBM compared with PBM, DBM, and HFM (71.2, 62.8, 48.6, and 45.9%, respectively). With the exception of BFM (59.7%), ACPD for all other aquatic proteins was high (KRM, 84.3%; TBM, 83.3%; SLM, 78.9%). Aquatic proteins have higher crude protein (CP) and essential aminoacid (EAA) digestibility for shrimp. Ingredients SLM, SPC, TBM, and KRM are preferable in feeds for the whiteleg shrimp since they carry a high CP and EAA content (>600 g kg−1) combined with ADC near or in excess of 80%.(AU)

ErpY-like protein, a promising antigen to leptospirosis control: characterization of antigenic and immunogenic potential

ErpY-like protein (LIC11966) is an antigen from Leptospira spp., which is possibly involved in the infection process and, consequently, can be a promising solution for the development of new diagnostic tests and vaccines. Here, the presence of the erpY-like gene was evaluated in several Leptospira serovars by polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and the ErpY-like recombinant protein was produced and characterized in terms of antigenicity and immunogenicity in vivo. The erpY-like gene was detected by PCR in all Leptospira pathogenic serovars tested (n = 8) and was absent in the saprophytic ones. The rErpY-like protein was recognized by antibodies present in the sera of humans and animals (swine and canine) naturally infected, suggesting ErpY-like expression during natural infection. The rErpY-like protein used to immunize mice with Freund's adjuvant stimulated a mixed Th1/Th2 response, an important protective immunity against leptospirosis.(AU)

Molecular transduction in receptor-ligand systems by planar electromagnetic fields / Transdução molecular em sistemas receptor-ligante por campos electromagnéticos planares

The coupling of a ligand with a molecular receptor induces a signal that travels through the receptor, reaching the internal domain and triggering a response cascade. In previous work on T-cell receptors and their coupling with foreign antigens, we observed the presence of planar molecular patterns able to generate electromagnetic fields within the proteins. These planes showed a coherent (synchronized) behavior, replicating immediately in the intracellular domain that which occurred in the extracellular domain as the ligand was coupled. In the present study, we examined this molecular transduction - the capacity of the coupling signal to penetrate deep inside the receptor molecule and induce a response. We verified the presence of synchronized behavior in diverse receptor ligand systems. To appreciate this diversity, we present four biochemically different systems - TCR-peptide, calcium pump-ADP, haemoglobin-oxygen, and gp120-CD4 viral coupling. The confirmation of synchronized molecular transduction in each of these systems suggests that the proposed mechanism would occur in all biochemical receptor-ligand systems.

A ligação de um ligante com um receptor molecular induz um sinal que viaja através do receptor, chegando ao domínio interno e disparando uma cascata de resposta. Em trabalhos anteriores em receptores de células T e sua ligação com antígenos estranhos, observamos a presença de padrões moleculares planares capazes de gerar campos eletromagnéticos dentro das proteínas. Esses planos mostraram um comportamento coerente (sincronizado), replicando, instantaneamente, no domínio intracelular o que ocorreu no domínio extracelular, enquanto o ligante era acoplado. No presente estudo, examinamos essa transdução – a capacidade de um sinal de acoplamento de penetrar profundamente a molécula receptora e induzir uma resposta. Verificamos a presença de um comportamento coerente em sistemas diversos de receptor-ligante. Para apreciar essa diversidade, apresentamos quatro sistemas bioquímicos diferentes: TCR-peptídeo, ADP-bomba de cálcio, hemoglobina-oxigênio e gp120-CD4 acoplamento viral. A confirmação de transdução molecular sincronizada em cada um desses sistemas sugere que o mecanismo proposto ocorreria em todos os sistemas bioquímicos receptor-ligante.

Deoxynivalenol biosynthesis and accumulation in wheat under application of carrageenan / Biossíntese e acúmulo de desoxinivalenolem trigo submetido à aplicação de carragena

Mycotoxins pose a large threat to human and livestock besides reducing the quality of food/feed.It is believed that these toxins are biosynthesized as a mechanism of defense (stress-response) of fungi. The most important mycotoxin for winter-cereal crops is known by deoxynivalenol (DON), a trichothecene biosynthesized mainly by Fusarium graminearum. This manuscript brings data of three years (2018, 2019 and 2020) of field research (24 fieldexperiments) in Western Santa Catarina and North-Western Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil using a sulphated polysaccharide exclusive from red seaweed, carrageenan, associated with fungicides to help suppressing deoxynivalenol (DON) biosynthesis and accumulation in wheat kernels. A reduction of 36.4% in DON contamination was observed. Weather conditions have influenced the accumulation of DON in wheat kernels. Carrageenan has shown to be a biological compound capable of helping on the suppression of DON biosynthesis and accumulation in wheat kernels regardless of weather conditions.(AU)

As micotoxinas representam uma grande ameaça para humanos e animais, além de reduzirem a qualidade de alimentos/rações. Acredita-se que essas toxinas sejam biossintetizadas como mecanismo de defesa (resposta ao estresse) de fungos. A micotoxina de maior interesse para cereais de inverno é conhecida por desoxinivalenol (DON), um tricoteceno biossintetizado principalmente por Fusariumgraminearum. Esse estudo traz dados de três anos (2018, 2019 e 2020) de pesquisa de campo (24 experimentos) conduzidos no Oeste de Santa Catarina e no Nordeste do Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil,utilizando um polissacarídeo sulfatado exclusivo de algas vermelhas, carragena, associado a fungicidas para ajudar na supressão da biossíntese e acúmulo de desoxinivalenol (DON) em grãos de trigo. Foi observada uma redução de 36,4% na contaminação por DON. As condições climáticas influenciaram no acúmulo de DON nos grãos de trigo. A carragena se demostrou como um composto biológico capaz de atenuar a biossíntese e acúmulo de DON em grãos de trigo independente das condições climáticas.(AU)

Interactive effects of digestible protein levels on thermal and physical stress responses in Nile tilapia

The effects of dietary digestible protein (DP) levels (22, 26, 29, 32, and 34%) and different stressors (cold-induced stress, CIS; heat/dissolved oxygen-induced stress, HDOIS; transport-induced stress, TIS; and size-sorting-induced stress, SSIS) on hemato-biochemical parameters were evaluated. Four hundred and forty Nile tilapia fingerlings were distributed into 40-250 L aquaria and fed experimental diets for 110 days, and fed each of the five experimental diets, that were randomly distributed to eight replicates per treatment. Then, different groups of fish were subjected to one type of stress. Groups of 40 fish were used on CIS (17 °C), HDOIS (32 °C), and TIS (4 h), and a group of 140 fish on SSIS (15 min air exposure and 60 s handling). There was no effect on hemato-biochemical profile when DP levels were compared, neither before nor after stress; however, there was a significant stress effect. Digestible protein did not mitigate stress response under SSIS and CIS; lymphopenia and neutrophilia were the main cell-mediated immune response; dietary 22 and 26% DP impaired oxygenation on SSIS and TIS; fish under HDOIS and SSIS demanded more energy using triglycerides as an energy source; the diet formulated to contain 22% DP was not adequate to keep homeostasis under temperature stress. Cluster analysis showed that, for DP levels below the requirement for growth, SSIS and CIS were considered the most stressful conditions. At 34% DP level, HDOIS response was comparable to that of non-stressing conditions.(AU)

Cellular components and TGF-beta1 content of a closed Tube system for Platelet Rich Plasma acquisition in horse] / [Componentes celulares e TGF-beta1 do plasma rico em plaquetas obtido por sistema fechado em equinos]

Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) has been proposed as an agent to accelerate the healing process and stimulate the regenerative capacity of tissues due to its abundance of growth factors. A large variety of kits and protocols are available to obtain PRP by different cell-separation systems. However, the lack of standardization may lead to inconsistent results. The aim of this study was to characterize cellular composition, platelet parameters using the ADVIA 120 flow cytometer, and TGF-ß1 concentration from the PRP product obtained through a closed system, using simple centrifugation. Six clinically healthy horses were used in this study. The protocol in the closed system resulted in approximately 1.6-fold higher platelet and approximately 2.0-fold lower white blood cell concentrations in comparison with whole blood values. The evaluated system was efficient in concentrating platelets and in retrieving a small number of leukocytes, using a protocol of single centrifugation at low speed.

O plasma rico em plaquetas (PRP) tem sido proposto como um agente para acelerar o processo de cicatrização e estimular a capacidade regenerativa dos tecidos, devido à sua abundância de fatores de crescimento. Uma grande variedade de kits e de protocolos está disponível para obtenção de PRP, utilizando-se diferentes sistemas de separação de células. No entanto, a falta de padronização pode levar a resultados inconsistentes. O objetivo deste estudo foi caracterizar a composição celular, os parâmetros plaquetários pelo citômetro de fluxo ADVIA 120 e a concentração de TGF-ß1 do PRP obtido em sistema fechado, por centrifugação simples. Seis cavalos clinicamente saudáveis ​​foram usados ​​neste estudo. O protocolo no sistema fechado resultou em concentrações de plaquetas aproximadamente 1,6 vez maior e concentrações de leucócitos aproximadamente 2,0 vezes menores em comparação com os valores do sangue total. O sistema avaliado foi eficiente na concentração de plaquetas e na recuperação de um pequeno número de leucócitos, utilizando um protocolo de centrifugação única em baixa velocidade.

Molecular transduction in receptor-ligand systems by planar electromagnetic fields / Transdução molecular em sistemas receptor-ligante por campos electromagnéticos planares

The coupling of a ligand with a molecular receptor induces a signal that travels through the receptor, reaching the internal domain and triggering a response cascade. In previous work on T-cell receptors and their coupling with foreign antigens, we observed the presence of planar molecular patterns able to generate electromagnetic fields within the proteins. These planes showed a coherent (synchronized) behavior, replicating immediately in the intracellular domain that which occurred in the extracellular domain as the ligand was coupled. In the present study, we examined this molecular transduction - the capacity of the coupling signal to penetrate deep inside the receptor molecule and induce a response. We verified the presence of synchronized behavior in diverse receptor ligand systems. To appreciate this diversity, we present four biochemically different systems - TCR-peptide, calcium pump-ADP, haemoglobin-oxygen, and gp120-CD4 viral coupling. The confirmation of synchronized molecular transduction in each of these systems suggests that the proposed mechanism would occur in all biochemical receptor-ligand systems.(AU)

A ligação de um ligante com um receptor molecular induz um sinal que viaja através do receptor, chegando ao domínio interno e disparando uma cascata de resposta. Em trabalhos anteriores em receptores de células T e sua ligação com antígenos estranhos, observamos a presença de padrões moleculares planares capazes de gerar campos eletromagnéticos dentro das proteínas. Esses planos mostraram um comportamento coerente (sincronizado), replicando, instantaneamente, no domínio intracelular o que ocorreu no domínio extracelular, enquanto o ligante era acoplado. No presente estudo, examinamos essa transdução a capacidade de um sinal de acoplamento de penetrar profundamente a molécula receptora e induzir uma resposta. Verificamos a presença de um comportamento coerente em sistemas diversos de receptor-ligante. Para apreciar essa diversidade, apresentamos quatro sistemas bioquímicos diferentes: TCR-peptídeo, ADP-bomba de cálcio, hemoglobina-oxigênio e gp120-CD4 acoplamento viral. A confirmação de transdução molecular sincronizada em cada um desses sistemas sugere que o mecanismo proposto ocorreria em todos os sistemas bioquímicos receptor-ligante.(AU)

Potential neuroprotective of trans resveratrol a promising agent tempeh and soybean seed coats-derived against betaamyloid neurotoxicity on primary culture of nerve cells induced by 2-methoxyethanol / Potencial neuroprotetor do agente trans-resveratrol em cascas de sementes de soja e tempê derivadas da neurotoxicidade beta-amiloide na cultura primária de células nervosas induzidas pelo 2-metoxietanol

Resveratrol, a natural polyphenol found in tempeh, has not been investigated especially in vitro as a neuroprotective agent against 2-methoxyethanol (2-ME)-induced beta-amyloid cytotoxicity. Beta amyloid peptides (Aβ) could initiate neurotoxic events and neuron-inflammatory response via microglial activation. However, it remains unknown whether the neurotoxic effect of beta-amyloid and/or associated with the potential of 2-ME to induce neurotoxic effects on primary culture of nerve cells induced by 2-ME. This study investigated potential neuroprotective of trans-resveratrol a promising agent tempeh and soybean seed coats-derived against beta amyloid cytotoxicity on primary culture of nerve cells induced by 2-methoxyethanol. Biotium and MTT assays were used to analyze neurons, which were isolated from the cerebral cortex of fetal mice at gestation day 19 (GD-19). A standard solution of 2-methoxyethanol was dosed at 10 μL. The cultured cells were randomly divided into the following groups: (1) 2-ME group + resveratrol standard, (2) 2-ME group + resveratrol isolated from tempeh, (3) 2-ME group + resveratrol isolated from soybean seed coats, and (4) the control group, without the addition of either 2-ME or resveratrol. Exposure of the primary cortical neuron cells to beta-amyloid monoclonal antibody pre-incubated for 24 h with 10 µL of 4.2 µg/mL resveratrol and 7.5 mmol/l 2-methoxy-ethanol additions. Here, we report that the addition of 2-ME and resveratrol (standard and isolated from tempeh) of cell culture at concentrations of 1.4, 2.8 and 4.2 µg/mL showed that the majority of neurons grew well. In contrast, after exposure to 2-ME and Beta-amyloid, showed that glial activated. These findings demonstrate a role for resveratrol in neuroprotective-neurorescuing action.

O resveratrol, um polifenol natural encontrado em tempê, não foi investigado apenas in vitro como agente neuroprotetor contra a citotoxicidade beta-amiloide induzida por 2-metoxietanol (2-ME). Os peptídeos beta amiloides (Aβ) podem iniciar eventos neurotóxicos e resposta inflamatória dos neurônios via ativação microglial. No entanto, permanece desconhecido se o efeito neurotóxico do peptídeo beta-amiloide associado ao potencial do 2-ME causa efeitos neurotóxicos na cultura primária de células nervosas induzidas pelo 2-ME. Este estudo investigou o potencial neuroprotetor do agente trans-resveratrol em cascas de sementes de soja e tempê derivadas da citotoxicidade beta-amiloide na cultura primária de células nervosas induzidas pelo 2-metoxietanol. Ensaios de biotium e MTT foram utilizados para analisar os neurônios isolados do córtex cerebral de camundongos fetais no dia da gestação 19 (GD-19). As células cultivadas foram divididas aleatoriamente nos seguintes grupos: (1) grupo 2-ME + padrão de resveratrol; (2) grupo 2-ME + resveratrol isolado de tempê; (3) grupo 2-ME + resveratrol isolado de cascas de sementes de soja; e (4) grupo controle, sem a adição de 2-ME ou resveratrol. Houve exposição das células primárias dos neurônios corticais ao anticorpo monoclonal beta-amiloide pré-incubado por 24 horas, com 10 µL de 4,2 µg/mL de resveratrol, e adições de 7,5 mmol/l de 2-metoxietanol. A adição de 2-ME e resveratrol (padrão e isolado do tempê) da cultura de células nas concentrações de 1,4, 2,8 e 4,2 µg/mL mostrou que a maioria dos neurônios cresceu bem. Por outro lado, após a exposição ao 2-ME e beta-amiloide, a glia foi ativada. Esses achados demonstram um papel do resveratrol na ação neuroprotetora e de neurorresgate.

The changing of gelatin properties from tra catfish skin (Pangasianodon hypophthalmus) by alkaline replacement to enzyme in pretreated process / Alterações das propriedades da gelatina da pele do bagre tra (Pangasianodon hypophthalmus) pela substituição alcalina por enzima no processo pré-tratado

The effect of pretreated method to remove the non-collagenous protein by using alkaline and enzyme Alcalase, as well as the temperature and time for extracting on the properties of gelatin from tra catfish skin were investigated. Yields of gelatin extracted at 70 °C for 1h from pretreated skin by enzyme method (16.2%) was significantly higher than that of the sample by alkaline method (12.14%). However, the gel strength of gelatin from skin treated via enzyme Alcalase was lower than gelatin sample pretreated by alkaline while the turbidity values was higher than gelatin from skin pretreated via alkaline. From SDS-PAGE profile, gelatin from skin pretreated by alkaline consisted of two different α- chains in protein pattern while enzymatic gelatin had low molecular weight peptides. The FT-IR spectra showed the lower wavenumber in amide I and III of enzymatic gelatin in compare to alkaline gelatin by the loss of triple helical structure during enzyme treatment. From the results, the using enzyme for pretreated material has potential to replace the alkaline method for gelatin production with purpose to reduce chemical waste caused serious ecological issues.

Investigou-se o efeito do método pré-tratado para remoção da proteína não colágena com a utilização da alcalina e da enzima Alcalase, bem como a temperatura e o tempo de extração sobre as propriedades da gelatina da pele do bagre tra. O rendimento da gelatina extraída a 70 °C por 1h da pele pré-tratada pelo método enzimático (16,2%) foi significativamente superior ao da amostra pelo método alcalino (12,14%). No entanto, a força do gel da gelatina da pele tratada com a enzima Alcalase foi menor do que a amostra de gelatina pré-tratada com alcalina, enquanto os valores de turbidez foram maiores do que a gelatina da pele pré-tratada com alcalina. A partir do perfil SDS-PAGE, a gelatina da pele pré-tratada com alcalina consistia em duas cadeias α diferentes no padrão de proteína, enquanto a gelatina enzimática tinha peptídeos de baixo peso molecular. Os espectros de FT-IR mostraram o menor número de onda na amida I e III da gelatina enzimática em comparação com a gelatina alcalina pela perda da estrutura helicoidal tripla durante o tratamento enzimático. Pelos resultados obtidos, a utilização de enzimas para material pré-tratado tem potencial para substituir o método alcalino para produção de gelatina com objetivo de reduzir o desperdício químico causado por sérios problemas ecológicos.

Potential neuroprotective of trans resveratrol a promising agent tempeh and soybean seed coats-derived against betaamyloid neurotoxicity on primary culture of nerve cells induced by 2-methoxyethanol / Potencial neuroprotetor do agente trans-resveratrol em cascas de sementes de soja e tempê derivadas da neurotoxicidade beta-amiloide na cultura primária de células nervosas induzidas pelo 2-metoxietanol

Resveratrol, a natural polyphenol found in tempeh, has not been investigated especially in vitro as a neuroprotective agent against 2-methoxyethanol (2-ME)-induced beta-amyloid cytotoxicity. Beta amyloid peptides (Aβ) could initiate neurotoxic events and neuron-inflammatory response via microglial activation. However, it remains unknown whether the neurotoxic effect of beta-amyloid and/or associated with the potential of 2-ME to induce neurotoxic effects on primary culture of nerve cells induced by 2-ME. This study investigated potential neuroprotective of trans-resveratrol a promising agent tempeh and soybean seed coats-derived against beta amyloid cytotoxicity on primary culture of nerve cells induced by 2-methoxyethanol. Biotium and MTT assays were used to analyze neurons, which were isolated from the cerebral cortex of fetal mice at gestation day 19 (GD-19). A standard solution of 2-methoxyethanol was dosed at 10 μL. The cultured cells were randomly divided into the following groups: (1) 2-ME group + resveratrol standard, (2) 2-ME group + resveratrol isolated from tempeh, (3) 2-ME group + resveratrol isolated from soybean seed coats, and (4) the control group, without the addition of either 2-ME or resveratrol. Exposure of the primary cortical neuron cells to beta-amyloid monoclonal antibody pre-incubated for 24 h with 10 µL of 4.2 µg/mL resveratrol and 7.5 mmol/l 2-methoxy-ethanol additions. Here, we report that the addition of 2-ME and resveratrol (standard and isolated from tempeh) of cell culture at concentrations of 1.4, 2.8 and 4.2 µg/mL showed that the majority of neurons grew well. In contrast, after exposure to 2-ME and Beta-amyloid, showed that glial activated. These findings demonstrate a role for resveratrol in neuroprotective-neurorescuing action.(AU)

O resveratrol, um polifenol natural encontrado em tempê, não foi investigado apenas in vitro como agente neuroprotetor contra a citotoxicidade beta-amiloide induzida por 2-metoxietanol (2-ME). Os peptídeos beta amiloides (Aβ) podem iniciar eventos neurotóxicos e resposta inflamatória dos neurônios via ativação microglial. No entanto, permanece desconhecido se o efeito neurotóxico do peptídeo beta-amiloide associado ao potencial do 2-ME causa efeitos neurotóxicos na cultura primária de células nervosas induzidas pelo 2-ME. Este estudo investigou o potencial neuroprotetor do agente trans-resveratrol em cascas de sementes de soja e tempê derivadas da citotoxicidade beta-amiloide na cultura primária de células nervosas induzidas pelo 2-metoxietanol. Ensaios de biotium e MTT foram utilizados para analisar os neurônios isolados do córtex cerebral de camundongos fetais no dia da gestação 19 (GD-19). As células cultivadas foram divididas aleatoriamente nos seguintes grupos: (1) grupo 2-ME + padrão de resveratrol; (2) grupo 2-ME + resveratrol isolado de tempê; (3) grupo 2-ME + resveratrol isolado de cascas de sementes de soja; e (4) grupo controle, sem a adição de 2-ME ou resveratrol. Houve exposição das células primárias dos neurônios corticais ao anticorpo monoclonal beta-amiloide pré-incubado por 24 horas, com 10 µL de 4,2 µg/mL de resveratrol, e adições de 7,5 mmol/l de 2-metoxietanol. A adição de 2-ME e resveratrol (padrão e isolado do tempê) da cultura de células nas concentrações de 1,4, 2,8 e 4,2 µg/mL mostrou que a maioria dos neurônios cresceu bem. Por outro lado, após a exposição ao 2-ME e beta-amiloide, a glia foi ativada. Esses achados demonstram um papel do resveratrol na ação neuroprotetora e de neurorresgate.(AU)

Selection and characterization of peptides mimetic to Campylobacter fetus subsp. venerealis using phage display / Seleção e caracterização de peptídeos miméticos a Campylobacter fetus subsp. venerealis usando phage display

ABSTRACT: Bovine genital campylobacteriosis (BGC) is a venereal and subclinical disease that affects the fertility of cattle herds, and it is caused by Campylobacter fetus subsp. venerealis . This study selected peptides mimetic to the BGC-causing agent from a phage library. Phage display is a technique that applies bacteriophage libraries that reveal peptides fused to the viral capsid in biological selections against target proteins. Biopannings were performed for biological selection in the phage library using rabbit hyperimmune serum and C. fetus subsp. venerealis protein extract. Five selected heptapeptides were considered mimetic to Cfv-NCTC 10354 based on the results of bioinformatics analysis and assays with hyperimmune serum and cervicovaginal mucus obtained from heifers. ALASLPL and LSYLFPP were the most reactive peptides and considered promising as possible mimetic immunogens for C. fetus subsp. venerealis.

RESUMO: Campilobacteriose Genital Bovina (CGB) é uma doença venérea e subclínica que causa problemas reprodutivos em rebanhos, causada por Campylobacter fetus subsp. venerealis. Este trabalho teve como objetivo selecionar peptídeos miméticos ao agente da CGB de uma biblioteca de fagos. Phage display é uma técnica que aplica bibliotecas de bacteriófagos que expõem peptídeos fusionados ao capsídeo viral em seleções biológicas contra proteínas alvo. Biopannings foram realizados para seleção biológica na biblioteca de fagos por meio de soro hiperimune de coelho e extrato proteico de C. fetus subsp. venerealis. Cinco heptapeptídeos selecionados foram considerados miméticos para Cfv-NCTC 10354 a partir de análises de bioinformática e ensaios com soro hiperimune e muco cérvico-vaginal de novilhas. ALASLPL e LSYLFPP foram os peptídeos mais reativos e considerados promissores como possíveis imunógenos miméticos para C. fetus subsp. venerealis.