Fraturas apendiculares em cães e gatos: métodos de tratamento e desfechos / Appendicular fractures in dogs and cats: treatment methods and outcome

O objetivo deste estudo retrospectivo foi identificar a ocorrência de fraturas apendiculares em cães e gatos, os métodos de tratamento e os resultados obtidos com os mesmos, no Hospital Veterinário (HV) da Universidade Regional do Noroeste do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul (Unijuí), no município de Ijuí - RS, no período de abril de 2013 a abril de 2022. De um total de 370 procedimentos cirúrgicos para tratamento de fraturas do esqueleto apendicular, 117 foram em fêmur (31,6%), 77 em tíbia e fíbula (20,8%), 62 em rádio e ulna (16,8%), 49 em úmero (13,2%), 45 em pelve (12,2%), 7 em metatarso e metacarpo (1,9%), 7 em tarso e carpo (1,9%), 4 em escápula (1,1%) e 2 em falanges (0,5%). O número de procedimentos foi superior ao número de animais, pois alguns apresentavam mais de uma fratura em diferentes ossos. Entre os 329 animais reportados neste estudo, concluiu-se que a principal causa de fraturas em cães e gatos foi atropelamento, sendo os filhotes os mais acometidos e as fraturas femorais as mais frequentes. Os fixadores esqueléticos externos destacaram-se como o método mais utilizado e o desfecho das osteossínteses foi satisfatório, sendo que a maior casuística correspondeu a fraturas cicatrizadas.

This retrospective study aimed to identify the occurrence of appendicular fractures in dogs and cats, treatment methods, and results obtained with them, at the Veterinary Hospital (VH) of the Regional University of the Northwest of the State of Rio Grande do Sul (Unijuí), in the city of Ijuí/RS, from April 2013 to April 2022. A total of 370 surgical procedures for the treatment of fractures of the appendicular skeleton was performed: 117 were in the fêmur (31,6%), 77 in the tíbia and fíbula (20,8%), 62 in the radius and ulna (16,8%), 49 in the humerus (13,2%), 45 in pélvis (12,2%), 7 in metatarsus and metacarpus (1,9%), 7 in tarsus and carpus (1,9%), 4 in the scapula (1,1%), and 2 in phalanges (0,5%). The number of procedures was higher than the number of animals, as some had more than one fracture in different bones. Among the 329 animals reported in this study, it was concluded that the main cause of fractures in dogs and cats was being run over, puppies were the most affected, and femoral fractures were the most frequent. External skeletal fixators stood out as the most used method and the outcome of osteosynthesis was satisfactory, with the largest number of cases corresponding to healed fractures.

An outbreak of systemic intoxication with irritant contact dermatitis due cypermethrin in dairy cows: case report / Surto de intoxicação sistêmica com dermatite de contato irritante devido à cipermetrina em vacas leiteiras: relato de caso

Pyrethroids are ectoparasiticides safe for mammals and widely used in farm animals. An outbreak of systemic intoxication with irritant contact dermatitis resulting from the use of cypermethrin pour on in dairy cows is reported in the state of Pernambuco. Eight adult animals were affected, three died on the property and five were referred to the Clínica de Bovinos, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Campus Garanhuns. These received 100 mL of pour on Cypermethrin (Ectonil ®, Cipermetrina, Labgard, Brasil). Apathy, hyperexcitability, muscle tremors, sialorrhea, bradycardia and crusted lesions were observed on the dorsum of the neck, scapula, ears and ulcerations in the oral and vaginal mucosa. There was hyperfibrinogenemia and leukocytosis due to neutrophilia with a regenerative left shift. Histopathology showed areas of erosion and ulceration of the epidermis and perivascular lymphohistiocytic and neutrophilic infiltrate in the superficial dermis. Supportive treatment was done with improvement of systemic signs and skin lesions, however, in one animal (with 19 days hospitalized), there was no complete regression of neurological alterations of bradycardia and muscle tremors, even so, it was possible to return to productive activity. High doses of pour on cypermethrin may cause systemic intoxication in cattle and result in bradycardia, hyperexcitability, muscle tremors and sialorrhea with irritant contact dermatitis, and death in severe cases.

Os piretroides são ectoparasiticidas com grande segurança para mamíferos, utilizados amplamente em animais de produção. Relata-se um surto de intoxicação sistêmica com dermatite irritante por contato, resultante do uso de Cipermetrina Pour-On em bovinos, no estado de Pernambuco. Oito animais adultos foram acometidos: três deles morreram na propriedade e cinco foram recebidos na Clínica de Bovinos da Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Campus Garanhuns. Todos haviam recebido 100mL de Cipermetrina Pour-On (Ectonil®, Cipermetrina, Labgard, Brasil). Observou-se apatia, hiperexcitabilidade, tremores musculares, sialorreia, bradicardia e lesões crostosas no dorso da região de pescoço, na escápula, mas orelhas, bem como ulcerações em mucosa oral e vaginal. No hemograma, verificou-se hiperfibrinogenemia e leucocitose por neutrofilia com desvio à esquerda regenerativo. Na histopatologia, foram constatadas áreas de erosão e ulceração da epiderme e infiltrado linfo-histiocitário e neutrofílico perivascular na derme superficial. O tratamento de suporte gerou melhora dos sinais sistêmicos e das lesões cutâneas, porém, em um dos animais (que esteve internado por 19 dias), não houve regressão completa das alterações neurológicas de bradicardia e de tremores musculares; mesmo assim, foi possível o retorno à atividade produtiva. Doses elevadas de Cipermetrina Pour-On podem causar intoxicação sistêmica em bovinos e resultarem em bradicardia, hiperexcitabilidade, tremores musculares e sialorreia com dermatite irritante por contato, bem como morte em casos severos.

Fibroma cutâneo atípico em uma vaca / Atypical cutaneous fibroma in a cow

Background: Cutaneous fibroma is a benign neoplasm affecting the fibroblasts and collagen matrix that develops in the dermis or subcutaneous tissue. This neoplasm is uncommon in cattle, and few reports have described the treatment and resolution of this neoplasm. Despite its benign character, a veterinarian should consider cutaneous fibroma in the differential diagnosis of skin tumors. This report aims to describe a rare case of large fibroma in the scapular region in a cow, with emphasis on the clinical-surgical and anatomopathological aspects of the condition. Case: A 3-year-old Girolando 3/4 cow was attended to at a rural property in Lagamar-MG, Brazil. According to the owner, the animal presented with a small mass in the right scapular region that grew progressively over 1 year and 6 months. Clinical examination revealed an exuberant and painless increase in volume on palpation in the proximal region of the right thoracic limb, which, in its vertical axis, extended from the proximal end of the scapula to near the olecranon tuberosity, and, in its horizontal axis, extended from the 6th intercostal space to the scapulohumeral joint, reaching the dimensions 66 cm and 62 cm, respectively. It presented with multiple nodules that were firm in consistency with extensive areas of ulceration. Neoplasia was suspected, and surgical excision was decided upon. The cow was sedated and restrained in the left lateral decubitus position. Trichotomy and antisepsis of the operative field were performed followed by an infiltrative anesthetic block around the tumor. The tumor was excised maintaining a safety margin of 1 cm. Dermorrhaphy was not possible, and healing by secondary intention was awaited. In the postoperative period, antibiotic therapy with benzathine penicillin, analgesia with meloxicamand dipyrone and daily dressing of the wound were performed. There were no postoperative complications and complete healing occurred approximately 100 days after surgery. One year after the surgical procedure, the owner reported that the cow did not present with recurrence of the neoplasm. The resected tumor weighed 11.2 kg, and, when cut, presented with solid conformation and whitish coloration. Tumor fragments were harvested, fixed in 10% formalin, and sent for histopathological examination, which revealed neoproliferation of remarkable cellular density composed of dense, well vascularized fibrocollagenous connective tissue arranged in multidirectional bundles and undulating pattern. Mild cellular pleomorphism was identified, and no mitosis figures were observed. Alcian blue staining was negative for mucopolysaccharides, differing from Masson's trichrome staining, which widely stained the fibrocollagenous tissue blue. In view of these findings, the diagnosis of cutaneous fibroma was confirmed. Discussion: Cutaneous fibromas are benign neoplasms of fibrous tissue, and they are uncommon in cattle and may be associated with bovine papillomavirus and/or trauma. Although the origin of cutaneous fibroma is not clear, the present report stands out due to the large size of the tumor mass. The complete healing of the surgical wound, the absence of recurrence one year after surgery and the return of the animal to dairy production demonstrate that the surgical treatment was adequate. The macro- and microscopic characteristics of the cutaneous fibroma in this case corroborate with other cases reported in the literature. Large cutaneous fibroma is uncommon in bovines, and may hinder surgical excision and prolong healing time, as well as the complete recovery of the animal. Moreover, the differential diagnosis with other neoplasms of fibroblastic origin is relevant, especially for those with malignant biological behavior, such as fibrosarcoma and myxosarcoma.

Gestational echobiometry in brachycephalic bitches using high-definition ultrasonography

ABSTRACT: The objective of the present study was to obtain echobiometric values for the most important canine maternal-fetal tissues using high-definition ultrasonography (HDUS) trying to update the formulas for predicting gestational age. Twelve healthy bitches of brachycephalic breeds weighing 7-13kg and aged one to four years were included. The fetuses were analyzed every day using conventional and high-definition ultrasonography from the eighth day after artificial insemination until the day of delivery, using the ACUSON S2000/SIEMENS ultrasound equipment and specific software. Embryonic and fetal structures; diameter of the embryonic vesicle; length of the embryo; biparietal diameter, abdominal length and kidney height; length of the femur, humerus, scapula, radius, and tibia; thickening of the stomach wall; adrenal length; and cardiac size were measured. These variables were correlated with gestational and adjusted tested according to regression models. The results obtained (P 0.001) for: lateral diameter of the gestational sac (R2=81.8%); length of the embryo (R2=85.7%); biparietal (R2=99.1%) and abdominal diameter (R2=97.2%); thickness of the gastric wall (R2=86.9%); length of the femur (R2=96.6%), radius (R2=97.5%), humerus (R2=96.5%), scapula (R2=95.8%) and tibia (R2=97.3%); kidney length (R2=95.8%) and height (R2=96.0%); adrenal length (R2=89.6%); heart length (R2=93.0%) and height (R2=91.5%) of the canine fetuses showed significant correlation with gestational days. This allowed monitoring fetal growth and estimation of age with high accuracy in different gestational periods.

RESUMO: O objetivo do presente estudo foi obter valores ecobiométricos para os tecidos materno-fetais caninos, usando a ultrassonografia de alta definição (HDUS), desenvolvendo fórmulas para prever a idade gestacional das cadelas. Doze cadelas saudáveis de raças braquicefálicas pesando 7-13kg e com idades entre um e quatro anos foram incluídas. Os fetos foram analisados diariamente com ultrassonografia convencional e de alta definição, do oitavo dia após a inseminação artificial até o dia do parto, utilizando o equipamento de ultrassom ACUSON S2000/SIEMENS e software específico. Estruturas embrionárias e fetais; diâmetro da vesícula embrionária; comprimento do embrião; diâmetro biparietal, comprimento abdominal e altura renal; comprimento do fêmur, úmero, escápula, rádio e tíbia; espessamento da parede do estômago; comprimento adrenal; e tamanho cardíaco foram medidos. Essas variáveis foram correlacionadas com o teste gestacional e ajustado de acordo com os modelos de regressão. Os resultados obtidos (P 0,001) para: diâmetro lateral do saco gestacional (R2=81,8%); comprimento do embrião (R2=85,7%); diâmetro biparietal (R2=99,1%) e abdominal (R2=97,2%); espessura da parede gástrica (R2=86,9%); comprimento do fêmur (R2=96,6%), rádio (R2=97,5%), úmero (R2=96,5%), escápula (R2=95,8%) e tíbia (R2=97,3%); comprimento do rim (R2=95,8%) e altura (R2=96,0%); comprimento adrenal (R2=89,6%); o comprimento do coração (R2=93,0%) e a altura (R2=91,5%) dos fetos caninos apresentaram correlação significativa com os dias gestacionais. Isso permitiu monitorar o crescimento fetal e estimar a idade com alta precisão em diferentes períodos gestacionais.

Gestational echobiometry in brachycephalic bitches using high-definition ultrasonography / Ecobiometria gestacional em cadelas braquicefálicas utilizando ultrassonografia de alta-definição

The objective of the present study was to obtain echobiometric values for the most important canine maternal-fetal tissues using high-definition ultrasonography (HDUS) trying to update the formulas for predicting gestational age. Twelve healthy bitches of brachycephalic breeds weighing 7-13kg and aged one to four years were included. The fetuses were analyzed every day using conventional and high-definition ultrasonography from the eighth day after artificial insemination until the day of delivery, using the ACUSON S2000/SIEMENS ultrasound equipment and specific software. Embryonic and fetal structures; diameter of the embryonic vesicle; length of the embryo; biparietal diameter, abdominal length and kidney height; length of the femur, humerus, scapula, radius, and tibia; thickening of the stomach wall; adrenal length; and cardiac size were measured. These variables were correlated with gestational and adjusted tested according to regression models. The results obtained (P<0.001) for: lateral diameter of the gestational sac (R2=81.8%); length of the embryo (R2=85.7%); biparietal (R2=99.1%) and abdominal diameter (R2=97.2%); thickness of the gastric wall (R2=86.9%); length of the femur (R2=96.6%), radius (R2=97.5%), humerus (R2=96.5%), scapula (R2=95.8%) and tibia (R2=97.3%); kidney length (R2=95.8%) and height (R2=96.0%); adrenal length (R2=89.6%); heart length (R2=93.0%) and height (R2=91.5%) of the canine fetuses showed significant correlation with gestational days. This allowed monitoring fetal growth and estimation of age with high accuracy in different gestational periods.(AU)

O objetivo do presente estudo foi obter valores ecobiométricos para os tecidos materno-fetais caninos, usando a ultrassonografia de alta definição (HDUS), desenvolvendo fórmulas para prever a idade gestacional das cadelas. Doze cadelas saudáveis de raças braquicefálicas pesando 7-13kg e com idades entre um e quatro anos foram incluídas. Os fetos foram analisados diariamente com ultrassonografia convencional e de alta definição, do oitavo dia após a inseminação artificial até o dia do parto, utilizando o equipamento de ultrassom ACUSON S2000/SIEMENS e software específico. Estruturas embrionárias e fetais; diâmetro da vesícula embrionária; comprimento do embrião; diâmetro biparietal, comprimento abdominal e altura renal; comprimento do fêmur, úmero, escápula, rádio e tíbia; espessamento da parede do estômago; comprimento adrenal; e tamanho cardíaco foram medidos. Essas variáveis foram correlacionadas com o teste gestacional e ajustado de acordo com os modelos de regressão. Os resultados obtidos (P<0,001) para: diâmetro lateral do saco gestacional (R2=81,8%); comprimento do embrião (R2=85,7%); diâmetro biparietal (R2=99,1%) e abdominal (R2=97,2%); espessura da parede gástrica (R2=86,9%); comprimento do fêmur (R2=96,6%), rádio (R2=97,5%), úmero (R2=96,5%), escápula (R2=95,8%) e tíbia (R2=97,3%); comprimento do rim (R2=95,8%) e altura (R2=96,0%); comprimento adrenal (R2=89,6%); o comprimento do coração (R2=93,0%) e a altura (R2=91,5%) dos fetos caninos apresentaram correlação significativa com os dias gestacionais. Isso permitiu monitorar o crescimento fetal e estimar a idade com alta precisão em diferentes períodos gestacionais.(AU)

Gestational echobiometry in brachycephalic bitches using high-definition ultrasonography / Ecobiometria gestacional em cadelas braquicefálicas utilizando ultrassonografia de alta-definição

The objective of the present study was to obtain echobiometric values for the most important canine maternal-fetal tissues using high-definition ultrasonography (HDUS) trying to update the formulas for predicting gestational age. Twelve healthy bitches of brachycephalic breeds weighing 7-13kg and aged one to four years were included. The fetuses were analyzed every day using conventional and high-definition ultrasonography from the eighth day after artificial insemination until the day of delivery, using the ACUSON S2000/SIEMENS ultrasound equipment and specific software. Embryonic and fetal structures; diameter of the embryonic vesicle; length of the embryo; biparietal diameter, abdominal length and kidney height; length of the femur, humerus, scapula, radius, and tibia; thickening of the stomach wall; adrenal length; and cardiac size were measured. These variables were correlated with gestational and adjusted tested according to regression models. The results obtained (P<0.001) for: lateral diameter of the gestational sac (R2=81.8%); length of the embryo (R2=85.7%); biparietal (R2=99.1%) and abdominal diameter (R2=97.2%); thickness of the gastric wall (R2=86.9%); length of the femur (R2=96.6%), radius (R2=97.5%), humerus (R2=96.5%), scapula (R2=95.8%) and tibia (R2=97.3%); kidney length (R2=95.8%) and height (R2=96.0%); adrenal length (R2=89.6%); heart length (R2=93.0%) and height (R2=91.5%) of the canine fetuses showed significant correlation with gestational days. This allowed monitoring fetal growth and estimation of age with high accuracy in different gestational periods.(AU)

O objetivo do presente estudo foi obter valores ecobiométricos para os tecidos materno-fetais caninos, usando a ultrassonografia de alta definição (HDUS), desenvolvendo fórmulas para prever a idade gestacional das cadelas. Doze cadelas saudáveis de raças braquicefálicas pesando 7-13kg e com idades entre um e quatro anos foram incluídas. Os fetos foram analisados diariamente com ultrassonografia convencional e de alta definição, do oitavo dia após a inseminação artificial até o dia do parto, utilizando o equipamento de ultrassom ACUSON S2000/SIEMENS e software específico. Estruturas embrionárias e fetais; diâmetro da vesícula embrionária; comprimento do embrião; diâmetro biparietal, comprimento abdominal e altura renal; comprimento do fêmur, úmero, escápula, rádio e tíbia; espessamento da parede do estômago; comprimento adrenal; e tamanho cardíaco foram medidos. Essas variáveis foram correlacionadas com o teste gestacional e ajustado de acordo com os modelos de regressão. Os resultados obtidos (P<0,001) para: diâmetro lateral do saco gestacional (R2=81,8%); comprimento do embrião (R2=85,7%); diâmetro biparietal (R2=99,1%) e abdominal (R2=97,2%); espessura da parede gástrica (R2=86,9%); comprimento do fêmur (R2=96,6%), rádio (R2=97,5%), úmero (R2=96,5%), escápula (R2=95,8%) e tíbia (R2=97,3%); comprimento do rim (R2=95,8%) e altura (R2=96,0%); comprimento adrenal (R2=89,6%); o comprimento do coração (R2=93,0%) e a altura (R2=91,5%) dos fetos caninos apresentaram correlação significativa com os dias gestacionais. Isso permitiu monitorar o crescimento fetal e estimar a idade com alta precisão em diferentes períodos gestacionais.(AU)

Biometria ocular e sua relação com tamanho corporal e da cabeça em cães da raça buldogue francês / Ocular biometry and its relationship with body size and head in French Bulldog dogs

Background: Ocular biometrics is an easy to perform, safe, non-invasive and low-cost exam that provides immediate resultswith excellent definition. Brachycephalic dogs have a high risk of developing eye problems, and the early appearance isfrequent due to factors linked to anatomical conformation. The aim of the present study was to perform eye biometrics inFrench Bulldog dogs through ultrasound, correlating with body and head size.Materials, Methods & Results: Clinical examination, ophthalmic examination and ocular biometrics were performed usingB-mode ultrasonography, using a 10 megahertz frequency transducer in 30 French Bulldog dogs, aged 1-6 years old, maleand females from the Br Lord’s Staff kennel and the Radiovet - Rio de Janeiro veterinary clinic. A drop of anesthetic eyedrops containing 1% tetracaine hydrochloride and 0.1% phenylephrine hydrochloride was instilled and the direct contacttechnique was performed with the cornea with the help of sterile water-soluble lubricating acoustic gel between the transducerand the examined eye. These measurements were correlated with cephalic measurements (frontal-occipital distance, skullcircumference, distance between the zygomatic arches and frontal-nasal distance) and with body measurements (lengthof the dog from the cranial end of the sternum to the ischial tuberosity and height of the withers from the cranial angleof the scapula to the ground). No chemical restraint was necessary. Dogs were positioned seated or in sternal decubitus,with slight physical restraint. All measurements were performed by the same examiner. There was no significant difference between the parameters of male and female eye biometrics and there was no difference between the measurementsof the right and left eyes. The mean value of axial bulb length was 19.51 ± 0.58 mm, for the thickness of the lens, 6.71 ±0.66 mm, for depth of the anterior chamber, 2.36 ± 0.89 mm and for the depth of the vitreous chamber...

Biometria ocular e sua relação com tamanho corporal e da cabeça em cães da raça buldogue francês / Ocular biometry and its relationship with body size and head in French Bulldog dogs

Background: Ocular biometrics is an easy to perform, safe, non-invasive and low-cost exam that provides immediate resultswith excellent definition. Brachycephalic dogs have a high risk of developing eye problems, and the early appearance isfrequent due to factors linked to anatomical conformation. The aim of the present study was to perform eye biometrics inFrench Bulldog dogs through ultrasound, correlating with body and head size.Materials, Methods & Results: Clinical examination, ophthalmic examination and ocular biometrics were performed usingB-mode ultrasonography, using a 10 megahertz frequency transducer in 30 French Bulldog dogs, aged 1-6 years old, maleand females from the Br Lords Staff kennel and the Radiovet - Rio de Janeiro veterinary clinic. A drop of anesthetic eyedrops containing 1% tetracaine hydrochloride and 0.1% phenylephrine hydrochloride was instilled and the direct contacttechnique was performed with the cornea with the help of sterile water-soluble lubricating acoustic gel between the transducerand the examined eye. These measurements were correlated with cephalic measurements (frontal-occipital distance, skullcircumference, distance between the zygomatic arches and frontal-nasal distance) and with body measurements (lengthof the dog from the cranial end of the sternum to the ischial tuberosity and height of the withers from the cranial angleof the scapula to the ground). No chemical restraint was necessary. Dogs were positioned seated or in sternal decubitus,with slight physical restraint. All measurements were performed by the same examiner. There was no significant difference between the parameters of male and female eye biometrics and there was no difference between the measurementsof the right and left eyes. The mean value of axial bulb length was 19.51 ± 0.58 mm, for the thickness of the lens, 6.71 ±0.66 mm, for depth of the anterior chamber, 2.36 ± 0.89 mm and for the depth of the vitreous chamber...(AU)

Um exemplar muito jovem de Mazama sp. encontrado na Gruta Cuvieri, região de Lagoa Santa, estado de Minas Gerais, Brasil / A very young specimen from Mazama sp. found in Cuvieri Cave, Lagoa Santa region, State of Minas Gerais, Brazil

Durante o Quaternário, as cavernas serviram como armadilhas naturais para numerosos grupos de animais e, devido às condições ambientais relativamente estáveis, a preservação nesse ambiente é melhor do que na superfície, de modo que o material osteológico encontrado nas cavernas representa um registro importante de eventos ambientais e mudanças na fauna. A Caverna Cuvieri faz parte do complexo Carste de Lagoa Santa, conhecido por seu grande número de cavernas contendo ossos preservados de animais recentes e extintos. Os cervídeos representam a família mais abundante de macrovertebrados encontrados na caverna de Cuvieri, com espécimes com grande variação ontogenética de representantes do gênero Mazama. O presente estudo descreve a ocorrência do espécime mais jovem deste gênero encontrado em um depósito de caverna. O espécime consiste em ossos apendiculares (fêmures, úmeros, tíbias, rádios, ulna e escápula) sem desgaste, ataque predatório ou evidência de intemperismo.

During the Quaternary, caves served as natural traps for numerous groups of animals and due to relatively stable environmental conditions preservation is better than on the surface, so the osteological material found in caves represents an important record of environmental events and faunal changes. Cuvieri Cave is part of the Lagoa Santa Karst complex, known for its large number of caves containing preserved bones of recent and extinct animals. Cervidae represent the most abundant family of macrovertebrates found at Cuvieri Cave, with specimens with large ontogenetic variation of representatives of the genus Mazama. The present study describes the occurrence of the youngest specimen of this genus found in a cave deposit. The specimen consists of appendicular bones (femurs, humerus, tibias, radios, ulna and scapula) without wear, predatory attack or evidence of weathering.

Um exemplar muito jovem de Mazama sp. encontrado na Gruta Cuvieri, região de Lagoa Santa, estado de Minas Gerais, Brasil / A very young specimen from Mazama sp. found in Cuvieri Cave, Lagoa Santa region, State of Minas Gerais, Brazil

Durante o Quaternário, as cavernas serviram como armadilhas naturais para numerosos grupos de animais e, devido às condições ambientais relativamente estáveis, a preservação nesse ambiente é melhor do que na superfície, de modo que o material osteológico encontrado nas cavernas representa um registro importante de eventos ambientais e mudanças na fauna. A Caverna Cuvieri faz parte do complexo Carste de Lagoa Santa, conhecido por seu grande número de cavernas contendo ossos preservados de animais recentes e extintos. Os cervídeos representam a família mais abundante de macrovertebrados encontrados na caverna de Cuvieri, com espécimes com grande variação ontogenética de representantes do gênero Mazama. O presente estudo descreve a ocorrência do espécime mais jovem deste gênero encontrado em um depósito de caverna. O espécime consiste em ossos apendiculares (fêmures, úmeros, tíbias, rádios, ulna e escápula) sem desgaste, ataque predatório ou evidência de intemperismo.(AU)

During the Quaternary, caves served as natural traps for numerous groups of animals and due to relatively stable environmental conditions preservation is better than on the surface, so the osteological material found in caves represents an important record of environmental events and faunal changes. Cuvieri Cave is part of the Lagoa Santa Karst complex, known for its large number of caves containing preserved bones of recent and extinct animals. Cervidae represent the most abundant family of macrovertebrates found at Cuvieri Cave, with specimens with large ontogenetic variation of representatives of the genus Mazama. The present study describes the occurrence of the youngest specimen of this genus found in a cave deposit. The specimen consists of appendicular bones (femurs, humerus, tibias, radios, ulna and scapula) without wear, predatory attack or evidence of weathering.(AU)

Macro-anatomy of the Bones of Thoracic Limb in Dalmatian Pelican (Pelecanus crispus)

In this study, the bones forming the poultry skeleton of the Dalmatian pelican were macroscopically examined. For this purpose, three Dalmatian pelicans were used. In the Dalmatian pelicans, the shoulder girdle (Ossa cinguli membri thoracici) is formed by the scapula, os coracoideum and clavicula bones. The scapula bone was short and flat. The humerus was a long bone with a cylindrical, pneumatic structure. Os corocoideum was also in the processus coracoideus tuber. Radius formed a joint with the ulna, and presented a slight slope from proximal to distal direction. Ossa carpi bones (skeleton manus) were composed of os carpi ulnare and os carpi radiale. The phalanx proximalis digiti majoris had a triangular shape on the dorsal side and two blade-shaped phalanxes. The bones that make up the structure of the Dalmatian pelicans wing have significant similarities to other birds, but also to have many particular characteristics.(AU)

Macro-anatomy of the Bones of Thoracic Limb in Dalmatian Pelican (Pelecanus crispus)

In this study, the bones forming the poultry skeleton of the Dalmatian pelican were macroscopically examined. For this purpose, three Dalmatian pelicans were used. In the Dalmatian pelicans, the shoulder girdle (Ossa cinguli membri thoracici) is formed by the scapula, os coracoideum and clavicula bones. The scapula bone was short and flat. The humerus was a long bone with a cylindrical, pneumatic structure. Os corocoideum was also in the processus coracoideus tuber. Radius formed a joint with the ulna, and presented a slight slope from proximal to distal direction. Ossa carpi bones (skeleton manus) were composed of os carpi ulnare and os carpi radiale. The phalanx proximalis digiti majoris had a triangular shape on the dorsal side and two blade-shaped phalanxes. The bones that make up the structure of the Dalmatian pelicans wing have significant similarities to other birds, but also to have many particular characteristics.

Eletrocussão em preguiça-comum (Bradypus variegatus) / Electrocution in common sloth (Bradypus variegatus)

A preguiça-comum (Bradypus variegatus) é um mamífero de hábitos arborícolas que quando estão em solo se tornam altamente vulneráveis. Não é espécie ameaçada de extinção, mas sofre com ações antrópicas, entre elas acidentes como eletrocussão e atropelamento, que resultam ocasionalmente na perda de membros. O presente estudo trata-se do relato de caso de um macho de Bradypus variegatus recebido no Ambulatório de Animais Silvestres (HOVET/UFRA) após ter sofrido choque elétrico de alta tensão. No exame físico, foi observado a inviabilidade do membro torácico direito e optou-se pela amputação a altura da articulação escapuloumeral. No pós-cirúrgico foi utilizado antibiótico de amplo espectro, anti-inflamatório não-esteroidal associado com analgésico, limpeza e curativo com pomada cicatrizante. A recuperação durou quinze dias e o animal foi encaminhado para o Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi.

Common sloth (Bradypus variegatus) is a mammal with arboreal habits that when on soil becomes highly vulnerable. It is not threatened with extinction, but it suffers from anthropic actions, among them accidents with electrocution and trampling, which occasionally result in loss of limbs. The present study deals with the case report of a Bradypus variegatus male received at the Wild Animal Outpatient Clinic (HOVET/UFRA) after suffering high voltage electric shock. On physical examination, the infeasibility of the right thoracic limb and amputation opted for the height of the humeral scapula joint were observed. In the post-surgical period, a broad-spectrum antibiotic, non-steroidal antiinflammatory agent associated with analgesic, cleaning and dressing with healing ointment were used. The recovery lasted fifteen days and the animal was sent to the Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi.

Eletrocussão em preguiça-comum (Bradypus variegatus) / Electrocution in common sloth (Bradypus variegatus)

A preguiça-comum (Bradypus variegatus) é um mamífero de hábitos arborícolas que quando estão em solo se tornam altamente vulneráveis. Não é espécie ameaçada de extinção, mas sofre com ações antrópicas, entre elas acidentes como eletrocussão e atropelamento, que resultam ocasionalmente na perda de membros. O presente estudo trata-se do relato de caso de um macho de Bradypus variegatus recebido no Ambulatório de Animais Silvestres (HOVET/UFRA) após ter sofrido choque elétrico de alta tensão. No exame físico, foi observado a inviabilidade do membro torácico direito e optou-se pela amputação a altura da articulação escapuloumeral. No pós-cirúrgico foi utilizado antibiótico de amplo espectro, anti-inflamatório não-esteroidal associado com analgésico, limpeza e curativo com pomada cicatrizante. A recuperação durou quinze dias e o animal foi encaminhado para o Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi. (AU)

Common sloth (Bradypus variegatus) is a mammal with arboreal habits that when on soil becomes highly vulnerable. It is not threatened with extinction, but it suffers from anthropic actions, among them accidents with electrocution and trampling, which occasionally result in loss of limbs. The present study deals with the case report of a Bradypus variegatus male received at the Wild Animal Outpatient Clinic (HOVET/UFRA) after suffering high voltage electric shock. On physical examination, the infeasibility of the right thoracic limb and amputation opted for the height of the humeral scapula joint were observed. In the post-surgical period, a broad-spectrum antibiotic, non-steroidal antiinflammatory agent associated with analgesic, cleaning and dressing with healing ointment were used. The recovery lasted fifteen days and the animal was sent to the Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi. (AU)

Índices de estresse térmico para touros jovens Nelore criados em ambiente tropical / Thermal stress indices in young Nellore bulls raised in tropical environments

Background: Thermal stress indices are important in predicting and choosing means for mitigating heat stress and defining critical environmental conditions for animal welfare and performance. The aim of this study was to determine theassociation between 16 thermal stress indices and thermophysiological variables in young Nellore bulls raised in a tropicalpasture to determine the most effective parameter of heat stress to assist in the management of the thermal environmentand animal welfare.Materials, Methods & Results: Seventy-eight young Nellore bulls (Bos taurus indicus), with a mean age of 10.5 monthsand mean body weight of 242.09 ± 32.17 kg at first collection, and 17.92 months and body weight 335.80 ± 39.02 kg atlast collection, were used. During the experimental period, rectal temperature (RT) and surface temperature at the forehead,scapula, and groin, from which the average surface temperature (AST) was calculated, were measured. The differencebetween the AST and air temperature (i.e., AST - AT) and between the RT and AST (i.e., RT - AST) defined the thermalgradient. For the evaluation of thermal environment, the dry bulb, wet bulb, and globe temperatures, and wind speed weremeasured. Relative humidity, mean radiant temperature, solar radiation, temperature humidity index (THI), black globaltemperature humidity index (BGHI), equivalent temperature index (ETI), environmental stress index (ESI), respiratory ratepredictor (PRR), heat load index (HLI), comprehensive climate index (CCI), and index of thermal stress for cows (ITSC)were calculated. The average and maximum air temperatures were above thermal comfort levels, while the average relativehumidity was within the ideal limit for cattle. The average globe temperature was higher than the air temperature. Solarradiation presented very high values and wind speeds were very low. RT indicated normothermia in the cattle, and ASTand thermal gradient (i.e., AST - AT) indicated thermal comfort...

Índices de estresse térmico para touros jovens Nelore criados em ambiente tropical / Thermal stress indices in young Nellore bulls raised in tropical environments

Background: Thermal stress indices are important in predicting and choosing means for mitigating heat stress and defining critical environmental conditions for animal welfare and performance. The aim of this study was to determine theassociation between 16 thermal stress indices and thermophysiological variables in young Nellore bulls raised in a tropicalpasture to determine the most effective parameter of heat stress to assist in the management of the thermal environmentand animal welfare.Materials, Methods & Results: Seventy-eight young Nellore bulls (Bos taurus indicus), with a mean age of 10.5 monthsand mean body weight of 242.09 ± 32.17 kg at first collection, and 17.92 months and body weight 335.80 ± 39.02 kg atlast collection, were used. During the experimental period, rectal temperature (RT) and surface temperature at the forehead,scapula, and groin, from which the average surface temperature (AST) was calculated, were measured. The differencebetween the AST and air temperature (i.e., AST - AT) and between the RT and AST (i.e., RT - AST) defined the thermalgradient. For the evaluation of thermal environment, the dry bulb, wet bulb, and globe temperatures, and wind speed weremeasured. Relative humidity, mean radiant temperature, solar radiation, temperature humidity index (THI), black globaltemperature humidity index (BGHI), equivalent temperature index (ETI), environmental stress index (ESI), respiratory ratepredictor (PRR), heat load index (HLI), comprehensive climate index (CCI), and index of thermal stress for cows (ITSC)were calculated. The average and maximum air temperatures were above thermal comfort levels, while the average relativehumidity was within the ideal limit for cattle. The average globe temperature was higher than the air temperature. Solarradiation presented very high values and wind speeds were very low. RT indicated normothermia in the cattle, and ASTand thermal gradient (i.e., AST - AT) indicated thermal comfort...(AU)

Surgical stabilization of canine lateralscapulohumeral luxation using extracapsular tension suture with screws and nylon wire – case report

A dog was consulted with functional disability of the right thoracic limb.Radiographic image showed lateral luxation of the scapulohumeral joint.The animal was submitted to surgical treatment using tension suture withscrews and Nylon wire, with satisfactory result and functional use of thelimb 30 days postoperatively.

Surgical stabilization of canine lateralscapulohumeral luxation using extracapsular tension suture with screws and nylon wire case report

A dog was consulted with functional disability of the right thoracic limb.Radiographic image showed lateral luxation of the scapulohumeral joint.The animal was submitted to surgical treatment using tension suture withscrews and Nylon wire, with satisfactory result and functional use of thelimb 30 days postoperatively.(AU)

Nongenetic effects and genetic parameters of the limb measurements in Iranian Turkoman horses / Efeitos não genéticos e parâmetros genéticos das medidas dos membros em cavalos turcomanos iranianos

From the past to now, body conformation is an instrument for the Iranian horse judging. This research aimed to study and estimate the genetic and nongenetic parameters of limb conformation traits in the Iranian Turkoman horses. Therefore, body conformation traits, specifically limb conformation, of 1273 horses were measured. Among the horses studied, 357 stallions and 916 mares were included. For studying the nongenetic (such as sex, province and birth year) and genetic effects (such as additive genetic effect), the LSMEANS procedure and the restricted maximum likelihood method (REML) were used by SAS and MATVEC software, respectively. Birth year had a significant effect on most of the traits, especially scapula length and arm length (P < 0.05). The lowest and the highest heritability was estimated for femur length (0.11 ± 0.03) and forearm length (0.40 ± 0.09), respectively. Overall, considering the heritability estimations, the expectation is that limb conformation traits will have a good response to the selection and genetic progress. Farmers can choose the best stallions and mares based on the traits mentioned, so that their foals can have good body conformation.

Do passado para o presente, a conformação corporal é um instrumento para o julgamento de cavalos iranianos. Esta pesquisa teve como objetivo estudar e estimar os parâmetros genéticos e não genéticos das características de conformação dos membros nos equinos turcomanos iranianos. Portanto, as características de conformação do corpo, especificamente a conformação dos membros de 1273 cavalos foram medidas. Entre os cavalos estudados, 357 garanhões e 916 éguas foram incluídos. Para estudar os não genéticos (como sexo, província e ano de nascimento) e efeitos genéticos (como efeito genético aditivo), o procedimento LSMEANS e o método de máxima verossimilhança restrita (REML) foram utilizados pelo software SAS e MATVEC, respectivamente. O ano de nascimento teve um efeito significativo na maioria das características, especialmente comprimento da escápula e comprimento do braço (P < 0,05). A menor e mais alta herdabilidade foi estimada para o comprimento do fêmur (0,11 ± 0,03) e comprimento do antebraço (0,40 ± 0,09), respectivamente. No geral, considerando as estimativas de herdabilidade, a expectativa é que as características de conformação do membro tenham uma boa resposta à seleção e progresso genético. Os agricultores podem escolher os melhores garanhões e éguas com base nas características mencionadas, para que seus potros possam ter uma boa conformação corporal.

Fibroblastic osteosarcoma of scapula in a dog Scottish Terrier: case report / Osteossarcoma fibroblástico de escápula em cão Scottish Terrier: relato de caso

Osteosarcoma (OSA) is the most primary bone tumor observed in dogs. It a malignant neoplasias that affects the bone formation being with aggressive clinical-histological behavior a fast growth and high metastatic potential. Is observed in middle aged or older dogs with large or giant breed and restricts to the metaphysis of long bones of appendicular skeleton. In routine there was a Scottish Terrier dog attended, male, ten years old, that arrived intermittent claudication of the left forelimb, sensitivity to palpation and edema of firm consistency in the cervicothoracic region, with no previous historic of fractures or trauma. The association of clinical signs with the radiographic cytological and histopathological aspects resulted in the definitive diagnosis of fibroblastic OSA in scapula. The treatment was the amputation of LTM, promoting pain relief with little or none loss of quality of life.

Osteossarcoma (OSA) é o tumor ósseo primário mais observado em cães. Trata-se de uma neoplasia maligna que afeta a formação do osso, com comportamento clínico-biológico agressivo, crescimento rápido e altamente metastático. É mais observado em cães de meia idade, com porte grande ou gigante e, em geral, restringe-se à metáfise dos ossos longos do esqueleto apendicular. Foi atendido um cão Scottish Terrier macho de dez anos de idade que chegou com claudicação intermitente do membro torácico esquerdo (MTE), sensibilidade à palpação e edema de consistência firme na região cervicotorácica, sem nenhum histórico prévio de fraturas ou traumas. O diagnóstico definitivo de OSA fibroblástico escapular foi realizado com base na associação entre os achados clínicos, radiográficos, citológicos e histopatológicos. O tratamento utilizado foi a amputação do MTE, promovendo alívio da dor com pouca ou nenhuma perda da qualidade de vida.