Efecto de la morfología espermática y la concentración de colesterol y triglicéridos del plasma seminal sobre la supervivencia espermática del semen congelado en felinos / Effect of sperm morphology and seminal plasma cholesterol and triacylglycerides concentrations on semen freezability in felines

Se ha documentado la gran variedad y el alto porcentaje de morfoanomalías espermáticas presentes en gatos fértiles. Estudios recientes han demostrado que el semen de buena calidad tiene una alta concentración de colesterol (CHOL) y triglicéridos (TAG) en gatos. Sin embargo, en el gato doméstico hay escasa información sobre el efecto de la composición bioquímica del plasma seminal y la morfología espermática sobre la supervivencia espermática luego de la congelación y descongelación del semen. Estudios recientes sugieren que concentraciones plasmáticas seminales más altas de CHOL y TAG podrían mejorar la capacidad de congelación del semen. Sin embargo, no hay evidencia de que la morfología de los espermatozoides afecte la resistencia de los espermatozoides a la criopreservación.(AU)

The great variety and high percentage of sperm morpho-anomalies present in fertile cats have been documented. Recent studies have shown that good-quality semen has high cholesterol (CHOL) and triglycerides (TAG) in cats. However, in the domestic cat, there is little information on the effect of seminal plasma biochemical composition and sperm morphology on sperm survival after semen frozen-thawed. Recent studies suggest that higher seminal plasma concentrations of CHOL and TAG could improve semen freezing. However, no evidence exists that sperm morphology affects sperm resistance to cryopreservation.(AU)

A blend of thyme and rosemary powders with poultry by-product meal can be used as a natural antioxidant in broilers

A total of 500, 14-d old male Ross 308 broilers were allocated into five treatments (4 replicates each) including: a negative (NC) and positive control diet (PC) which supplemented without and with 7% poultry by-product meal (PBPM), respectively and three levels of additive supplementation of thyme and rosemary powders in the basal diets: 0.750% rosemary powder (PCR); 0.375% thyme powder + 0.375% rosemary powder (PCRT), and 0.750% thyme powder (PCT) rosemary powder. The PCRT diet improved (p<0.05) average daily gain and feed conversion ratio by 5.62 and 10.37% compared to PC, respectively. The serum concentration of lipids (triglycerides, cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein, and low-density lipoprotein) was decreased while the ilealvillus heightand ratio of villus height to crypt depth as well as ileal microbiota population were improved(p<0.05) in response to inclusion PCRT diet compared to PC diet. The blood serum concentration of malondialdehyde was statistically decreased (p<0.05) by supplementation of PCRT in broiler diets. Our results suggested that supplementation of a blend of thyme and rosemary powders at the level of 0.375% of each into broiler diet during d 14-42 has merit to be used as a natural antioxidant in diets formulated by PBPM.(AU)

Efficacy of Tulsi (Ocimum Sanctum) Plant Powder on Health, Growth and Carcass Traits of Japanese Quail (Coturnix Japonica)

The objective of the current work was to assess the effects of Tulsi plant powder on the health, growth and carcass characteristics of Japanese quail. In total, 300 quails (1-week old) were distributed into four treatment groups with five replicates each. The first group (T0) was a control group where a basal standard diet was offered to the birds. Groups T0.5, T1 and T1.5 were supplemented with Tulsi plant powder at a rate of 0.5%, 1%, 1.5%, respectively. Data were analyzed in SPSS software by applying one-way ANOVA and significant and notable means were analyzed through Duncan's New Multiple Range Test. Dietary supplementation of T1.5 significantly (p≤0.05) increased the feed intake, body weight, gain in weight and presented a better feed conversion ratio. Significantly higher glucose, total cholesterol, HDL, WBCs, RBCs and HCT were observed in the quails from T1 than in the control group (p≤0.05). However, the quails from T1.5 had significantly (p≤0.05) higher hemoglobin, MCV, platelets and total protein contents. On the other hand, the T0 group was only higher in LDL contents. Non-significant (p>0.05) in MCH, MCHC, triglyceride, VLDL were noted among the experimental groups. It was concluded that the dietary supplementation of Tulsi plant powder at 1.5 % is beneficial for improving the growth performance and can be used in the diet of Japanese quail without compromising the health status and carcass traits.(AU)

Hiperlipidemia em cães atendidos no hospital veterinário São Judas e sua correspondência com a obesidade: estudo retrospectivo de 2018 a 2020 / Hyperlipidemia in dogs attended at the veterinary hospital São Judas Tadeu and its correspondence with obesity: retrospective study from 2018 to 2020 / Hiperlipidemia en perros atendidos en el hospital veterinario São Judas y su correspondencia con la obesidad: estudio retrospectivo de 2018 a 2020

Atualmente, o estilo de vida antropomorfizado dos animais contribui para o intenso desenvolvimento da obesidade. A hiperlipidemia se apresenta como um dos efeitos deletérios do excesso de peso sobre a saúde dos cães, porém sendo pouco investigada. O termo hiperlipidemia refere-se ao aumento da concentração de lipídeos (colesterol, triglicérides ou ambos) séricos. Este estudo teve como objetivo realizar uma análise retrospectiva e estatística em animais que foram considerados obesos mediante inspeção de condição de escore corporal,visando correlacionar a obesidade com a presença de hiperlipidemias. Foram revisadas e analisadas 70 amostras sanguíneas de pacientes atendidos no Hospital Veterinário São Judas de outubro de 2018 a outubro de 2020 que já haviam realizado análises bioquímicas no Hospital; foram retiradas as informações destinadas a exames bioquímicos de triglicérides, colesterol e peso juntamente com a avaliação de condição de escore corporal (ECC) que foi feita em consulta clínica. Constatou-se que 24 (34,2%) amostras apresentaram resultados acima dos valores de referência para colesterol e triglicérides. Dentre esses 24 cães, 21 (87,5%) apresentaram ECC igual 7 ou maior, representando sobrepeso e/ou obesidade. Nenhum dos cães havia comparecido para atendimento pelo mesmo motivo e não houve queixa dos tutores tratando-se de sobrepeso, portanto, as alterações encontradas em exames bioquímicos foram um achado clínico laboratorial. Dos 21 cães componentes do grupo que apresentaram distúrbios metabólicos, 12 cães (57,2%) apresentaram ambos os valores de triglicérides e colesterol aumentados, apresentando então uma hiperlipidemia; 5 (23,8%) cães apresentaram hipercolesterolemia e 4 (19%) apresentaram hipertrigliricedemia. Essas alterações quando comparadas com um grupo controle de 19 animais sem alterações dignas de nota, revelaram valores de significância estatística, sugerindo alta frequência de hiperlipidemia em cães obesos, classificada como moderadamente elevados com importância clínica, havendo prevalência nas fêmeas.(AU)

Currently, the anthropomorphized lifestyle of animals contributes to the intense development of obesity. Hyperlipidemia presents itself as one of the deleterious effects of excess weight on the health of dogs, although it has been little investigated. The term hyperlipidemia refers to an increase in the concentration of serum lipids (cholesterol, triglycerides or both). This study aimed to perform a retrospective and statistical analysis on animals that were considered obese by inspecting the body condition score, aiming to correlate obesity with the presence of hyperlipidemia. Seventy blood samples from patients treated at Veterinary Hospital São Judas from October 2018 to October 2020 who had already performed biochemical analyzes at the Hospital were reviewed and analyzed; the information destined to biochemical tests of triglycerides, cholesterol and weight was removed together with the assessment of body condition score (BCS) that was made in clinical consultation. It was found that 24 (34.2%) samples showed results above the reference values ​​for cholesterol and triglycerides. Among these 24 dogs, 21 (87.5%) had BCSequal to 7 or greater, representing overweight and/or obesity. None of the dogs had attended for care for the same reason and there were no complaints from the guardians regarding being overweight, so the changes found in biochemical tests were a clinical laboratory finding. Of the 21 dogs in the group that presented metabolic disorders, 12 dogs (57.2%) had both increased triglyceride and cholesterol levels, and then presenting a hyperlipidemia; 5 (23.8%) dogs had hypercholesterolemia and 4 (19%) had hypertrigliricedemia. These changes when compared to a control group of 19 animals without significant changes, revealed values ​​of statistical significance, suggesting a high frequency of hyperlipidemia in obese dogs, classified as moderately high with clinical importance, with prevalence in females.(AU)

Actualmente, el estilo de vida antropomorfizado de los animales contribuye al intenso desarrollo de la obesidad. La hiperlipidemia es uno de los efectos nocivos del exceso de peso en la salud de los perros, pero se ha investigado poco. El término hiperlipidemia se refiere al aumento de la concentración de lípidos (colesterol, triglicéridos o ambos) en el suero. Este estudio tuvo como objetivo realizar un análisis retrospectivo y estadístico en animales considerados obesos mediante la inspección de su condición de puntuación corporal, con el fin de correlacionar la obesidad con la presencia de hiperlipidemia. Se revisaron y analizaron setenta muestras de sangre de pacientes atendidos en el Hospital Veterinario São Judas desde octubre de 2018 a octubre de 2020 que ya habían realizado análisis bioquímicos en el Hospital; Se retiró la información para las pruebas bioquímicas de triglicéridos, colesterol y peso, junto con la evaluación del estado del puntaje corporal (EPC), que se realizó en una consulta clínica. Se encontró que 24 (34,2%) muestras presentaron resultados por encima de los valores de referencia de colesterol y triglicéridos. Entre estos 24 perros, 21 (87,5%) tenían EPC igual a 7 o más, lo que representa sobrepeso y obesidad. Ninguno de los perros había acudido a ser atendido por el mismo motivo y no existían quejas de los tutores por sobrepeso, por lo que las alteraciones encontradas en las pruebas bioquímicas fueron un hallazgo de laboratorio clínico. De los 21 perros del grupo que presentaban alteraciones metabólicas, 12 perros (57,2%) tenían tanto triglicéridos como colesteroles elevados, presentando así hiperlipidemia; 5 (23,8%) perros tenían hipercolesterolemia y 4 (19%) tenían hipertrigliceridemia. Estas alteraciones, al compararlas con un grupo control de 19 animales sin alteraciones destacables, revelaron valores de significación estadística, sugiriendo una alta frecuencia de hiperlipidemia en perros obesos, clasificados como moderadamente altos con importancia clínica, con prevalencia en hembras.(AU)

Efecto de las características bioquímicas del plasma seminal sobre la supervivencia espermática del semen congelado / Effect of biochemical characteristics of seminal plasma on sperm survival of frozen semen

Es bien conocido el alto porcentaje de morfoanomalías espermáticas presentes en gatos fértiles. Estudios recientes han demostrado que el semen de buena calidad tiene una alta concentración de colesterol (CHOL) y triglicéridos (TAG) en gatos. Sin embargo, en el gato doméstico hay escasa información sobre el efecto de la composición bioquímica del plasma seminal y la morfología espermática sobre la resistencia del semen a la congelación. Estudios recientes sugieren que concentraciones plasmáticas seminales más altas de CHOL y TAG podrían mejorar la capacidad de congelación del semen. Sin embargo, la morfología del esperma no parece tener efectos perjudiciales sobre la capacidad de congelación del semen felino.(AU)

The high percentage of sperm morphoanomalies present in fertile cats is well known. Recent studies have shown that good quality semen has a high concentration of cholesterol (CHOL) and triglycerides (TAG) in cats. However, in the domestic cat, there is little information on the effect of the biochemical composition of seminal plasma and sperm morphology on semen resistance to freezing. Recent studies suggest that higher seminal plasma concentrations of CHOL and TAG could improve the freezing capacity of semen. However, sperm morphology does not appear to have detrimental effects on the freezability of feline semen.(AU)

Effects of salinity and plant-based diet or animal-plant combination diet on the performance and metabolic status of juvenile Nile tilapia / Efeitos da salinidade e de dietas contendo ingredientes de origem vegetal ou de origem animal e vegetal no desempenho e na condição metabólica de juvenis de tilápia do Nilo

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of salinity and plant-based diet or animal-plant combination diet on the performance and metabolic status of juvenile Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). The experimental design was completely randomized in a 4 × 2 factorial scheme with four replicates. The treatments were established by the combination of salinities of 0, 10, 20, and 30 g L-1 with an animal-plant combination diet (AP) or plant-based diet (P). The replicates were 60 L tanks with 12 fish per tank. Diets were provided for 32 days, and the fish were fed three times a day (8, 12, and 17 h) until apparent satiety. Daily feed intake (DFI) was measured, body weight (BW) was recorded at the beginning and end of the trial, and total length (TL) and standard length (SL) were measured at the end of the trial. Average daily gain (ADG), specific growth rate (SGR), feed conversion ratio (FCR), and survival rate were calculated. After the biometric measurements were made at the end of the trial, blood samples were collected to determine the plasma concentrations of total protein (TP), glucose, cholesterol, and triglycerides (TG). The fish were euthanized, and the hepatopancreas was collected and weighed; thereafter, the hepatosomatic index (HSI) was calculated. An interaction was detected between salinity and diet type for final BW, ADG, TL, and SL. These traits were not influenced by salinity when it was associated with the AP diet, but reduced linearly with salinity in the P diet. DFI and survival rate were independently affected by salinity: DFI reduced linearly with salinity levels and survival rate was higher at a salinity of 10 g L-1. HSI increased linearly with salinity levels and was lower in the P diet than in the AP diet. Salinity had a quadratic effect on plasma TP, and the maximum value for this metabolite (2.96 g dL-1) is attained at a salinity of 10.26 g L-1. There was an independent effect of diet on the plasma concentrations of cholesterol and TG, which were lower in the P diet than in the AP diet. The salinity of 10 g L-1 associated with diet composed of animal and plant ingredients led to a better performance, higher survival rate, and less stressful environmental conditions for juvenile Nile tilapia.(AU)

O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar os efeitos da salinidade e de dietas compostas por ingredientes de origem vegetal, ou por ingredientes de origem animal e vegetal no desempenho e na condição metabólica de juvenis de tilápia do Nilo (Oreochromis niloticus). O delineamento foi inteiramente casualizado em esquema fatorial 4 × 2 com quatro repetições. Os tratamentos foram estabelecidos pela combinação das salinidades 0, 10, 20 e 30 g L-1 com dietas contendo apenas ingredientes de origem vegetal (V) ou ingredientes de origem animal e vegetal (AV). As repetições foram caixas de 60 L contendo 12 peixes por caixa. As dietas foram fornecidas durante 32 dias e os peixes foram alimentados três vezes ao dia (8, 12 e 17 h) até saciedade aparente. O consumo de ração foi mensurado diariamente (CRD), o peso corporal (PC) foi registrado no início e no final do experimento, e o comprimento total (CT) e comprimento padrão (CP) foram mensurados no final do experimento. O ganho médio diário (GMD), a taxa de crescimento específico (TCE), a conversão alimentar (CA) e a taxa de sobrevivência também foram calculadas. Após a obtenção das medidas biométricas ao final do experimento, amostras de sangue foram coletadas para determinar as concentrações plasmáticas de proteínas totais (PT), glicose, colesterol e triglicerídeos (TG). Posteriormente, os peixes foram eutanasiados e o hepatopâncreas foi coletado, pesado e o índice hepatossomático (IHS) foi calculado. Houve interação entre salinidade e tipo de dieta para PC final, GMD, CT e CP. Essas variáveis não foram influenciadas pela salinidade quando associada com a dieta AV, mas reduziram linearmente com a salinidade na dieta V. O CRD e a taxa de sobrevivência foram influenciados exclusivamente pela salinidade, onde o CRD reduziu linearmente com a salinidade, e a taxa de sobrevivência foi maior na salinidade de 10 g L-1. O IHS aumentou linearmente com a salinidade, e foi menor da dieta V comparado com a dieta AV. Houve efeito quadrático da salinidade na concentração plasmática de PT, em que o máximo valor para este metabólito (2.96 g dL-1) pode ser alcançado com a salinidade de 10.26 g L-1. As concentrações plasmáticas de colesterol e TG foram exclusivamente influenciadas pelo tipo de dieta, apresentando menores valores na dieta V comparados com a dieta AV. A salinidade de 10 g L-1 associada com dieta composta por ingredientes de origem animal e vegetal proporcionou melhor desempenho, maior taxa de sobrevivência e condições ambientais menos estressantes aos juvenis de tilápia do Nilo.(AU)

Effect of Hydroponic Wheat Sprout on the Growth Performance, Carcass Characteristics, and Lipid Profiles of Broilers

The aim of present study was to understand the dietary effect of hydroponic wheat sprout (WS) on the growth performance, carcass characteristics and lipid profiles of broiler chickens. Two independent feeding trials were conducted using Cobb 500 broiler DOC for the period of 0 to 32 days. In the first trail, 264 DOC were allocated into 4 treatments having 3 replications per treatment and 22 birds per replication to find out the suitable inclusion level of WS. In second trial, 384 broiler DOC were allocated into 4 treatments having 6 replications per treatment and 16 birds in each replication to assess the functional quality of WS. In first trial, the body weight (1692.33 g/bird), body weight gain (1644.96 g/bird) and FCR (1.47) were significantly (p<0.05) improved in the birds fed 50 g/kg WS compared to the other dietary groups but feed intake showed no significant (p<0.05) differences. Likewise, in second trial the birds fed commercial feed showed significantly (p<0.05) higher body weight (1649.50 g/bird) and weight gain (1601.88 g/bird) compared to the birds fed 50 g/kg WS. Feed intake and FCR showed no significance differences. Total cholesterol and triglycerides were significantly (p<0.05) lower (85.5 mg/dl and 84.32 mg/dl, respectively) however HDL was higher (111.86 mg/dl) in the birds received 50 g/kg WS. Taken all together, it can be concluded that the inclusion of 50 g/kg WS in broiler had positive effects on growth performance and blood lipid profile in commercial broilers.(AU)

Changes in cholesterol, triglycerides and body composition in pregnant mares

Background: Mares are very different from other species during pregnancy, and studies on the physiologicalchanges of this period are important. During late pregnancy, the distribution of weight and body fat are oftenused as indicators of adequate nutrition. This is a physiological period that results in an increase in metabolicdemand. There is a tendency for the Criollo breed to have a higher body condition score that becomes moreevident during pregnancy, a period when mares tend to gain more weight. The current study monitored serumcholesterol and triglyceride levels in pregnant mares during late gestation to determine a possible correlationwith the distribution of fat or body weight.Materials, Methods & Results: Four body parameters of 34 Criollo-type mares in late gestation were evaluated: body weight measured with a weight scale, body weight using a commercial weight tape, total body fatand fat thickness and the serum levels of total cholesterol and triglycerides. The fat thickness was measuredin an ultrasound device and the prediction of total body fat was calculated using an equation. According to thedays prior foaling, biometric monitoring and blood collection were carried out in five periods: F-90 (± 90 daysprior to foaling) n = 33; F-60 (± 60 days prior to foaling) n = 33; F-30 (± 30 days prior to foaling) n = 31; F-15(± 15 days prior to foaling) n = 29 and Foaling (at day of foaling) n = 14. Mares were monitored daily andaccompanied foaling was also performed, ensuring collection at the right time. Comparisons of means wereperformed between variables in addition to the Pearson correlation test. Statistical significance was establishedat P 0.05). Astrong positive correlation was observed between the average weights (P < 0.001). The fat thickness showeda correlation between the weights (P < 0.01). There was no correlation with...

Changes in cholesterol, triglycerides and body composition in pregnant mares

Background: Mares are very different from other species during pregnancy, and studies on the physiologicalchanges of this period are important. During late pregnancy, the distribution of weight and body fat are oftenused as indicators of adequate nutrition. This is a physiological period that results in an increase in metabolicdemand. There is a tendency for the Criollo breed to have a higher body condition score that becomes moreevident during pregnancy, a period when mares tend to gain more weight. The current study monitored serumcholesterol and triglyceride levels in pregnant mares during late gestation to determine a possible correlationwith the distribution of fat or body weight.Materials, Methods & Results: Four body parameters of 34 Criollo-type mares in late gestation were evaluated: body weight measured with a weight scale, body weight using a commercial weight tape, total body fatand fat thickness and the serum levels of total cholesterol and triglycerides. The fat thickness was measuredin an ultrasound device and the prediction of total body fat was calculated using an equation. According to thedays prior foaling, biometric monitoring and blood collection were carried out in five periods: F-90 (± 90 daysprior to foaling) n = 33; F-60 (± 60 days prior to foaling) n = 33; F-30 (± 30 days prior to foaling) n = 31; F-15(± 15 days prior to foaling) n = 29 and Foaling (at day of foaling) n = 14. Mares were monitored daily andaccompanied foaling was also performed, ensuring collection at the right time. Comparisons of means wereperformed between variables in addition to the Pearson correlation test. Statistical significance was establishedat P < 0.05. There was no difference in relation to the period in body composition measurements (P > 0.05). Astrong positive correlation was observed between the average weights (P < 0.001). The fat thickness showeda correlation between the weights (P < 0.01). There was no correlation with...(AU)

Serum biochemistry profile of laying hens fed diets with fish waste oil / [Parâmetros bioquímicos sanguíneos de poedeiras leves alimentadas com rações contendo óleo do resíduo de pescado]

The present study aimed to evaluate increasing levels of fish waste oil in diets for laying hens on serum biochemistry profile. 192 Hisex White laying hens at 29 weeks of age were used, with water and food ad libitum. The experimental design was completely randomized consisting of eight treatments corresponding to the inclusion levels of fish waste oil (0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, 2.5, 3.0 and 3.5%) in the diets, with four replicates of six birds each. Data collected were subjected to polynomial regression at 5% of significance. Significant differences (P<0.05) were observed in triglycerides, glucose, total cholesterol, and uric acid. These parameters presented a decrease when hens fed diets with higher level of fish waste oil. The results of the present study indicated that the inclusion of fish waste oil caused a significant effect in the serum biochemical profile of laying hens, especially in glucose, triglycerides, total cholesterol, and uric acid concentrations. The inclusion level of 3.5% of fish waste oil caused larger disequilibrium in the serum biochemical profile of laying hens.(AU)

O presente estudo objetivou avaliar os níveis crescentes de óleo de resíduo de pescado em dietas para poedeiras leves sobre o perfil bioquímico sérico. Foram utilizadas poedeiras Hisex White com 29 semanas, com água e ração ad libitum. O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente ao acaso, consistindo de oito tratamentos correspondentes aos níveis de inclusão de óleo de resíduo de pescado (0; 0,5; 1,0; 1,5; 2,0; 2,5; 3,0 e 3,5%) nas dietas, com quatro repetições de seis aves cada. Os dados coletados foram submetidos à regressão polinomial a 5% de significância. Diferenças significativas (P<0,05) foram observadas nas concentrações de triglicerídeos, glicose, colesterol total e ácido úrico. Esses parâmetros apresentaram uma diminuição quando as aves se alimentaram com rações contendo maior nível de óleo do resíduo de pescado. Os resultados do presente estudo indicaram que a inclusão de óleo do resíduo de pescado acarretou um efeito significativo no perfil bioquímico sérico de poedeiras, principalmente nas concentrações de glicose, triglicerídeos, colesterol total e ácido úrico. O nível de inclusão de 3,5% do óleo do resíduo de pescado acarretou maior desequilíbrio no perfil bioquímico sérico das poedeiras.(AU)

Relation between liver lipid content and plasma biochemical indicators in dairy cows

Background: The incidence of metabolic disorders in dairy cows has increased as a result of intensive production practicesand genetic selection for milk yield. Among such disorders, liver lipidosis is very frequently observed and has significantnegative effects on cow health and milk yield. Severe energy supply deficit causes high fat mobilization, resulting in rapidbody condition loss and liver lipid infiltration, which cannot always be detected by known blood biochemical indicators.The main objective of the study was to determine possible associations of blood biochemical parameters with liver lipidinfiltration severity in high-yield multiparous Holstein cows along prepartum and postpartum periods.Materials, Methods & Results: Fifty-four high-yield Holstein cows from a herd managed in a free-stall system in thenorthwest region of the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil were evaluated. Cows were divided in two groups accordingto their physiological status. Group 1 included 19 prepartum cows, with an average milk yield of 44.7 L/d in the previouslactation, and 2.8 average parity, and Group 2 included 35 postpartum cows, with an average milk yield of 46.8 L/d in theprevious lactation, and 2.5 average parity. The farm produced 10,000 kg milk per year, containing 3.5% of fat, 3.2% ofprotein and 4.7% of lactose. Total cholesterol (CH), plasma triglycerides (TGp), beta-hydroxybutyrate (BHB), albumin(ALB), non-esterified free fatty acids (NEFA) levels, and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and creatine kinase (CK) activities were analyzed in the plasma and liver triglycerides (TGl) levels were determined in liver tissue samples. The SPSSstatistical software was used for the statistical analyses. The obtained data were analyzed for normality by the Shapiro-Wilktest and for homoscedasticity by Bartlett test. Data were submitted to analysis of variance, and means were compared bythe...

Relation between liver lipid content and plasma biochemical indicators in dairy cows

Background: The incidence of metabolic disorders in dairy cows has increased as a result of intensive production practicesand genetic selection for milk yield. Among such disorders, liver lipidosis is very frequently observed and has significantnegative effects on cow health and milk yield. Severe energy supply deficit causes high fat mobilization, resulting in rapidbody condition loss and liver lipid infiltration, which cannot always be detected by known blood biochemical indicators.The main objective of the study was to determine possible associations of blood biochemical parameters with liver lipidinfiltration severity in high-yield multiparous Holstein cows along prepartum and postpartum periods.Materials, Methods & Results: Fifty-four high-yield Holstein cows from a herd managed in a free-stall system in thenorthwest region of the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil were evaluated. Cows were divided in two groups accordingto their physiological status. Group 1 included 19 prepartum cows, with an average milk yield of 44.7 L/d in the previouslactation, and 2.8 average parity, and Group 2 included 35 postpartum cows, with an average milk yield of 46.8 L/d in theprevious lactation, and 2.5 average parity. The farm produced 10,000 kg milk per year, containing 3.5% of fat, 3.2% ofprotein and 4.7% of lactose. Total cholesterol (CH), plasma triglycerides (TGp), beta-hydroxybutyrate (BHB), albumin(ALB), non-esterified free fatty acids (NEFA) levels, and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and creatine kinase (CK) activities were analyzed in the plasma and liver triglycerides (TGl) levels were determined in liver tissue samples. The SPSSstatistical software was used for the statistical analyses. The obtained data were analyzed for normality by the Shapiro-Wilktest and for homoscedasticity by Bartlett test. Data were submitted to analysis of variance, and means were compared bythe...(AU)

Effect of natural feed additives on meat quality and caecotrophic fatty acid profile of New Zealand rabbits / Efeito de aditivos alimentares naturais na qualidade de carne e no perfil de ácidos graxos cecotrófico de coelhos Nova Zelândia

The objectives of this research were to evaluate the effects of commercial probiotic and chitosan as food additives on the quality and meat composition of 36 New Zealand White rabbits (57 ± 8 days old and 1,648 ± 0.194 kg) and on the fatty acid profile of caecotrophs. The treatments were CT (diets without inclusion of additives), PRO (inclusion of 4 g / kg of commercial probiotic) and CHI (inclusion of 4 g / kg of chitosan). The additives increased triglycerides and decreased urea compared to the control group, as well as increased oleic and linoleic acids, Ʃ unsaturated, Ʃ monounsaturated and Ʃ polyunsaturated in caecotrophs. CHI animals showed a decrease in myristic and palmitic acids compared to PRO. CHI decreased the meat's crude protein and the meat's fat. In addition, there was a decrease in omega-3, omega-6 and the relationship unsaturated and saturated fatty acids for the CHI group and an increase in erucic acid and a decrease in the rate of hypocholesterolemic acids. As a conclusion, the data showed that the animals that ingested probiotic had better meat quality, for having better fatty acid profile and hypocholesterolemic index, compared to the treatment with chitosan. The additives improved the caecotrophs fatty acid profile.(AU)

Os objetivos desta pesquisa foram avaliar os efeitos do probiótico e da quitosana como aditivos alimentares na qualidade e composição da carne de 36 coelhos da raça Nova Zelândia Branco (57±8 dias de idade e 1.648±0.194 kg) e no perfil de ácidos graxos dos cecotrofos. Os tratamentos foram CT (dietas sem inclusão de aditivos), PRO (inclusão de 4 g/kg de probiótico) e CHI (inclusão de 4 g/kg de quitosana). Os aditivos aumentaram os triglicerídeos e diminuíram a ureia em comparação ao grupo controle, bem como amentaram os ácidos oleico e linoleico, Ʃ insaturados, Ʃ monoinsaturados e Ʃ poli-insaturados nos cecotrofos. Os animais CHI apresentaram diminuição nos ácidos mirístico e palmítico em comparação ao PRO. A CHI diminuiu a proteína bruta da carne e o extrato etéreo da carne. Além disso, houve uma diminuição no ômega-3, ômega-6 e a relação entre ácidos graxos insaturados e saturados para o grupo CHI e aumento do ácido erúcico e diminuição do índice de hipocolesterolemia. Como conclusão, os dados mostraram que os animais que ingeriram probiótico apresentaram melhor qualidade da carne, por apresentarem melhores perfil de ácidos graxos e índice hipocolesterolêmico, em comparação ao tratamento com quitosana. Os aditivos melhoraram o perfil de ácidos graxos dos cecotrofos.(AU)

Effect of natural feed additives on meat quality and caecotrophic fatty acid profile of New Zealand rabbits / Efeito de aditivos alimentares naturais na qualidade de carne e no perfil de ácidos graxos cecotrófico de coelhos Nova Zelândia

The objectives of this research were to evaluate the effects of commercial probiotic and chitosan as food additives on the quality and meat composition of 36 New Zealand White rabbits (57 ± 8 days old and 1,648 ± 0.194 kg) and on the fatty acid profile of caecotrophs. The treatments were CT (diets without inclusion of additives), PRO (inclusion of 4 g / kg of commercial probiotic) and CHI (inclusion of 4 g / kg of chitosan). The additives increased triglycerides and decreased urea compared to the control group, as well as increased oleic and linoleic acids, Ʃ unsaturated, Ʃ monounsaturated and Ʃ polyunsaturated in caecotrophs. CHI animals showed a decrease in myristic and palmitic acids compared to PRO. CHI decreased the meat's crude protein and the meat's fat. In addition, there was a decrease in omega-3, omega-6 and the relationship unsaturated and saturated fatty acids for the CHI group and an increase in erucic acid and a decrease in the rate of hypocholesterolemic acids. As a conclusion, the data showed that the animals that ingested probiotic had better meat quality, for having better fatty acid profile and hypocholesterolemic index, compared to the treatment with chitosan. The additives improved the caecotrophs fatty acid profile.

Os objetivos desta pesquisa foram avaliar os efeitos do probiótico e da quitosana como aditivos alimentares na qualidade e composição da carne de 36 coelhos da raça Nova Zelândia Branco (57±8 dias de idade e 1.648±0.194 kg) e no perfil de ácidos graxos dos cecotrofos. Os tratamentos foram CT (dietas sem inclusão de aditivos), PRO (inclusão de 4 g/kg de probiótico) e CHI (inclusão de 4 g/kg de quitosana). Os aditivos aumentaram os triglicerídeos e diminuíram a ureia em comparação ao grupo controle, bem como amentaram os ácidos oleico e linoleico, Ʃ insaturados, Ʃ monoinsaturados e Ʃ poli-insaturados nos cecotrofos. Os animais CHI apresentaram diminuição nos ácidos mirístico e palmítico em comparação ao PRO. A CHI diminuiu a proteína bruta da carne e o extrato etéreo da carne. Além disso, houve uma diminuição no ômega-3, ômega-6 e a relação entre ácidos graxos insaturados e saturados para o grupo CHI e aumento do ácido erúcico e diminuição do índice de hipocolesterolemia. Como conclusão, os dados mostraram que os animais que ingeriram probiótico apresentaram melhor qualidade da carne, por apresentarem melhores perfil de ácidos graxos e índice hipocolesterolêmico, em comparação ao tratamento com quitosana. Os aditivos melhoraram o perfil de ácidos graxos dos cecotrofos.

Alterações hematológicas e bioquímicas de cães e gatos com sobrepeso e obesos / Hematological and biochemical alteration of dogs and cats with overweight and obeses / Alteraciones hematológicas y bioquímicas de perros y gatos com sobrepeso y obesos

A obesidade é uma doença nutricional frequente em cães e gatos, leva a diversas alterações nas funções corporais e limita a longevidade dos animais. Vários fatores contribuem para o desenvolvimento da obesidade nos animais, como genética, idade, raça, falta de atividade física, composição calórica dos alimentos, tipo e a forma de alimentação, distúrbios hormonais, medicamentos e fatores relacionados com os proprietários. O presente estudo teve como objetivo obter informações através da avaliação dos aspectos hematológicos e bioquímicos envolvidos no desenvolvimento da obesidade animal, assim como obter informações por meio de um questionário aplicado aos tutores sobre o conhecimento da obesidade seus animais. Foram selecionados 20 animais, dos quais 50% apresentavam sobrepeso e os outros 50% eram obesos, seguindo o escore de condição corporal (ECC), descritos por (1). No hemograma os valores permaneceram dentro do valor de referência da espécie, já na análise bioquímica foi evidenciadas alterações na concentração de colesterol, glicose, triglicérides e creatinina ao serem comparadas com os valores de referências das espécies, essas alterações são importantes pois podem interferir no bem estar e na longevidade desses animas. Mais alarmente ainda foi a dificuldade dos tutores em reconhecerem o sobrepeso e a obesidade em seus animais de companhia, e quando identificada a baixa porcentagem de procura de orientações médicas veterinárias para controle ou tratamento.

Obesity is a frequent nutritional disease in dogs and cats, leads to several changes in body functions and limits the longevity of animals. Several factors contribute to the development of obesity in animals, such as genetics, age, race, lack of physical activity, caloric composition of food, type and form of feeding, hormonal disorders, medications and factors related to owners. The present study aimed to obtain information through the evaluation of hematological and biochemical aspects involved in the development of animal obesity, as well as obtain information through a questionnaire applied to tutors about the knowledge of obesity in their animals. Twenty animals were selected, of which 50% were overweight and the other 50% were obese following the body condition score (ECC) described by (1). In the blood count, the values remained within the reference value of the species, whereas in the biochemical analysis changes in the concentration of cholesterol, glucose, triglycerides and creatinine were shown when compared with the reference values of the species, these alterations are important because they can interfere with the well-being and longevity of these animals. Even more alarmingly was the tutors' difficulty in recognizing overweight and obesity in their pets, and when was identified the low percentage of seeking veterinary medical guidance for control or treatment.

La obesidad es una enfermedad nutricional frecuente en perros y gatos, provoca varios cambios en las funciones corporales y limita la longevidad de los animales. Varios factores contribuyen al desarrollo de la obesidad en animales, como la genética, la edad, la raza, la falta de actividad física, la composición calórica de los alimentos, el tipo y la forma de alimentación, los trastornos hormonales, los medicamentos y los factores relacionados con los propietarios. El presente estudio tuvo como objetivo obtener información a través de la evaluación de los aspectos hematológicos y bioquímicos involucrados en el desarrollo de la obesidad animal, así como obtener información a través de un cuestionario aplicado a los tutores sobre el conocimiento de la obesidad en sus animales. Se seleccionaron veinte animales, de los cuales el 50% tenían sobrepeso y el otro 50% eran obesos, siguiendo el puntaje de condición corporal (ECC), descrito por (1). En el recuento sanguíneo, los valores se mantuvieron dentro del valor de referencia de la especie, mientras que en el análisis bioquímico, se observaron cambios en la concentración de colesterol, glucosa, triglicéridos y creatinina en comparación con los valores de referencia de la especie, estos cambios son importantes porque pueden interferir en el bienestar y en la longevidad de estos animales. Aún más alarmante fue la dificultad de los tutores para reconocer el sobrepeso y la obesidad en sus mascotas, y cuando se identificó el bajo porcentaje de buscar orientación médica veterinaria para el control o el tratamiento.

Alterações hematológicas e bioquímicas de cães e gatos com sobrepeso e obesos / Hematological and biochemical alteration of dogs and cats with overweight and obeses / Alteraciones hematológicas y bioquímicas de perros y gatos com sobrepeso y obesos

A obesidade é uma doença nutricional frequente em cães e gatos, leva a diversas alterações nas funções corporais e limita a longevidade dos animais. Vários fatores contribuem para o desenvolvimento da obesidade nos animais, como genética, idade, raça, falta de atividade física, composição calórica dos alimentos, tipo e a forma de alimentação, distúrbios hormonais, medicamentos e fatores relacionados com os proprietários. O presente estudo teve como objetivo obter informações através da avaliação dos aspectos hematológicos e bioquímicos envolvidos no desenvolvimento da obesidade animal, assim como obter informações por meio de um questionário aplicado aos tutores sobre o conhecimento da obesidade seus animais. Foram selecionados 20 animais, dos quais 50% apresentavam sobrepeso e os outros 50% eram obesos, seguindo o escore de condição corporal (ECC), descritos por (1). No hemograma os valores permaneceram dentro do valor de referência da espécie, já na análise bioquímica foi evidenciadas alterações na concentração de colesterol, glicose, triglicérides e creatinina ao serem comparadas com os valores de referências das espécies, essas alterações são importantes pois podem interferir no bem estar e na longevidade desses animas. Mais alarmente ainda foi a dificuldade dos tutores em reconhecerem o sobrepeso e a obesidade em seus animais de companhia, e quando identificada a baixa porcentagem de procura de orientações médicas veterinárias para controle ou tratamento.(AU)

Obesity is a frequent nutritional disease in dogs and cats, leads to several changes in body functions and limits the longevity of animals. Several factors contribute to the development of obesity in animals, such as genetics, age, race, lack of physical activity, caloric composition of food, type and form of feeding, hormonal disorders, medications and factors related to owners. The present study aimed to obtain information through the evaluation of hematological and biochemical aspects involved in the development of animal obesity, as well as obtain information through a questionnaire applied to tutors about the knowledge of obesity in their animals. Twenty animals were selected, of which 50% were overweight and the other 50% were obese following the body condition score (ECC) described by (1). In the blood count, the values remained within the reference value of the species, whereas in the biochemical analysis changes in the concentration of cholesterol, glucose, triglycerides and creatinine were shown when compared with the reference values of the species, these alterations are important because they can interfere with the well-being and longevity of these animals. Even more alarmingly was the tutors' difficulty in recognizing overweight and obesity in their pets, and when was identified the low percentage of seeking veterinary medical guidance for control or treatment.(AU)

La obesidad es una enfermedad nutricional frecuente en perros y gatos, provoca varios cambios en las funciones corporales y limita la longevidad de los animales. Varios factores contribuyen al desarrollo de la obesidad en animales, como la genética, la edad, la raza, la falta de actividad física, la composición calórica de los alimentos, el tipo y la forma de alimentación, los trastornos hormonales, los medicamentos y los factores relacionados con los propietarios. El presente estudio tuvo como objetivo obtener información a través de la evaluación de los aspectos hematológicos y bioquímicos involucrados en el desarrollo de la obesidad animal, así como obtener información a través de un cuestionario aplicado a los tutores sobre el conocimiento de la obesidad en sus animales. Se seleccionaron veinte animales, de los cuales el 50% tenían sobrepeso y el otro 50% eran obesos, siguiendo el puntaje de condición corporal (ECC), descrito por (1). En el recuento sanguíneo, los valores se mantuvieron dentro del valor de referencia de la especie, mientras que en el análisis bioquímico, se observaron cambios en la concentración de colesterol, glucosa, triglicéridos y creatinina en comparación con los valores de referencia de la especie, estos cambios son importantes porque pueden interferir en el bienestar y en la longevidad de estos animales. Aún más alarmante fue la dificultad de los tutores para reconocer el sobrepeso y la obesidad en sus mascotas, y cuando se identificó el bajo porcentaje de buscar orientación médica veterinaria para el control o el tratamiento.(AU)

Evaluation of the racial difference in body condition score and parameters of lipid metabolism in Purebred Arabian horses and Thoroughbred horses trained for racing / Avaliação da diferença racial na condição de escore corporal e parâmetros do metabolismo lipídico em cavalos Puro Sangue Árabes e Puro Sangue Ingleses treinados para corrida

This study investigated the existence of difference of fat deposition and lipid metabolism in horses with different races and skills that were used for the same kind of sport. 20 Purebred Arabian and 20 Thoroughbred horses trained for flat race were evaluated. The analyses performed were body condition score, weight and blood collected for determination of triglycerides, total cholesterol and non-esterified fatty acids. Ultrasonography of the thickness of the subcutaneous fat layer was performed on the Longissimus dorsi muscle between the 17th and 18th rib, the thickness of the subcutaneous fat layer on the Gluteus medius muscle using the acetabulum as reference, and the cross section of the same muscle. Race-trained Arabian horses showed greater fat layer deposition in the Gluteus medius and Longissimus dorsei muscles than Thoroughbred horses. These facts indicate that there is a metabolic difference, besides the phenotype, between the races. They also indicate the need to study specific physical conditioning programs for each kind of race.(AU)

Foi investigada a existência de diferença na deposição de gordura e no metabolismo lipídico em cavalos de duas raças distintas, com aptidões diferentes, porém, utilizadas para o mesmo esporte. Foram avaliados 20 cavalos Puro Sangue Árabe e 20 cavalos Puro Sangue Ingleses treinados para corrida. As avaliações foram escore de condição corporal, peso e colheita de sangue para determinação de triglicerídeos, colesterol total e ácidos graxos não esterificados. Foi realizada a ultrassonografia da espessura de camada de gordura subcutânea sobre o músculo Longissimus dorsi entre a 17º e 18º costela, a espessura de camada de gordura subcutânea sobre o músculo glúteo médio utilizando o acetábulo como referência e o corte transversal do mesmo músculo. Os cavalos Árabes de corrida apresentaram maior deposição de gordura na camada subcutânea dos músculos glúteo médio e Longissimus dorsei que os cavalos Puro Sangue Ingleses. Tais fatos indicam uma diferença racial que o treinamento, ainda que semelhante a todos, não foi capaz de igualar.(AU)

Alterações hematólicas em pacientes caninos obesos: revisão de literatura

A obesidade é atualmente o transtorno nutricional mais comum em cães, podendo acarretar em diversos quadros enfermos. Nesse contexto, os exames laboratoriais de rotina são aliados na conduta médica veterinária para o melhor encaminhamento do paciente. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo revisar as principais alterações hematológicas em exames laboratoriais relacionadas à obesidade canina. Quanto ao hemograma, pode-se encontrar descritas na literatura alterações no leucograma e eritrograma. Já quanto à bioquímica sérica são observadas alterações nas concentrações de glicose e triglicerídeos, assim como de proteínas. O reconhecimento de tais alterações é de fundamental importância por parte do clínico veterinário.(AU)

Obesity is currently the most common nutritional disorder in dogs, and can lead to many sick conditions. In this context, routine laboratory exams are allied in the veterinary medical practice for the best referral of the patient. The present study aimed to review the main hematological alterations in laboratory tests related to canine obesity. As for the hemogram, changes in the leukogram and erythrogram may be described in the literature. As for serum biochemistry, changes in glucose and triglyceride concentrations, as well as protein, are observed. The recognition of such changes is of fundamental importance on the part of the veterinary clinician.(AU)

Evaluation of the racial difference in body condition score and parameters of lipid metabolism in Purebred Arabian horses and Thoroughbred horses trained for racing / Avaliação da diferença racial na condição de escore corporal e parâmetros do metabolismo lipídico em cavalos Puro Sangue Árabes e Puro Sangue Ingleses treinados para corrida

This study investigated the existence of difference of fat deposition and lipid metabolism in horses with different races and skills that were used for the same kind of sport. 20 Purebred Arabian and 20 Thoroughbred horses trained for flat race were evaluated. The analyses performed were body condition score, weight and blood collected for determination of triglycerides, total cholesterol and non-esterified fatty acids. Ultrasonography of the thickness of the subcutaneous fat layer was performed on the Longissimus dorsi muscle between the 17th and 18th rib, the thickness of the subcutaneous fat layer on the Gluteus medius muscle using the acetabulum as reference, and the cross section of the same muscle. Race-trained Arabian horses showed greater fat layer deposition in the Gluteus medius and Longissimus dorsei muscles than Thoroughbred horses. These facts indicate that there is a metabolic difference, besides the phenotype, between the races. They also indicate the need to study specific physical conditioning programs for each kind of race.(AU)

Foi investigada a existência de diferença na deposição de gordura e no metabolismo lipídico em cavalos de duas raças distintas, com aptidões diferentes, porém, utilizadas para o mesmo esporte. Foram avaliados 20 cavalos Puro Sangue Árabe e 20 cavalos Puro Sangue Ingleses treinados para corrida. As avaliações foram escore de condição corporal, peso e colheita de sangue para determinação de triglicerídeos, colesterol total e ácidos graxos não esterificados. Foi realizada a ultrassonografia da espessura de camada de gordura subcutânea sobre o músculo Longissimus dorsi entre a 17º e 18º costela, a espessura de camada de gordura subcutânea sobre o músculo glúteo médio utilizando o acetábulo como referência e o corte transversal do mesmo músculo. Os cavalos Árabes de corrida apresentaram maior deposição de gordura na camada subcutânea dos músculos glúteo médio e Longissimus dorsei que os cavalos Puro Sangue Ingleses. Tais fatos indicam uma diferença racial que o treinamento, ainda que semelhante a todos, não foi capaz de igualar.(AU)

Alterações hematólicas em pacientes caninos obesos: revisão de literatura

A obesidade é atualmente o transtorno nutricional mais comum em cães, podendo acarretar em diversos quadros enfermos. Nesse contexto, os exames laboratoriais de rotina são aliados na conduta médica veterinária para o melhor encaminhamento do paciente. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo revisar as principais alterações hematológicas em exames laboratoriais relacionadas à obesidade canina. Quanto ao hemograma, pode-se encontrar descritas na literatura alterações no leucograma e eritrograma. Já quanto à bioquímica sérica são observadas alterações nas concentrações de glicose e triglicerídeos, assim como de proteínas. O reconhecimento de tais alterações é de fundamental importância por parte do clínico veterinário.

Obesity is currently the most common nutritional disorder in dogs, and can lead to many sick conditions. In this context, routine laboratory exams are allied in the veterinary medical practice for the best referral of the patient. The present study aimed to review the main hematological alterations in laboratory tests related to canine obesity. As for the hemogram, changes in the leukogram and erythrogram may be described in the literature. As for serum biochemistry, changes in glucose and triglyceride concentrations, as well as protein, are observed. The recognition of such changes is of fundamental importance on the part of the veterinary clinician.