Mortality from diabetes mellitus and its impact on life expectancy at 60 years of age in Mexico / Mortalidad por diabetes mellitus y su impacto en la esperanza de vida a los 60 años en México

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVES To analyze the behavior of mortality from diabetes mellitus (DM) for both sexes in Mexico from 1998 to 2018, and its impact on life expectancy (LE) from 60 to 85 years of age in the three-year periods 1998-2000 and 2016-2018, compared with other causes of death, as well as to determine the loss of years of life expectancy associated with DM in each three-year period. METHODS The current study is observational and descriptive. Age-adjusted rates of mortality from DM were calculated for each sex from 1998 to 2018. Sex-specific life tables were constructed for 1998-2000 and 2016-2018, and both LE between 60 and 85 years, and years of life expectancy lost (YLELL) due to DM and selected causes between both ages were calculated. RESULTS Between 1998 and 2018, the adjusted DM-resulting male mortality rate grew 55% in the population aged 60 and over, while the female mortality rate grew 20%. Between 1998-2000 and 2016-2018, male LE for 60-85 age group decreased 0.22 years, while female LE increased 0.24. In 2016-2018, DM was responsible for 1.30 YLEL among men of 60 to 85 years (19% of the total YLEL), and 1.24 YLEL for women (24% of the total), more than the other causes analyzed. CONCLUSIONS The increase in mortality from DM has substantially contributed both to reduce LE of older adult men, and to slow the increase of LE among women aged 60 years and older so far this century. Thus, preventive policies should be implemented since early ages to reduce the high levels of overweight and obesity in the country and, therefore, the significant population ratio suffering from DM.

RESUMEN OBJETIVOS Analizar el comportamiento de la mortalidad por diabetes mellitus (DM) para ambos sexos en México entre 1998 y 2018 y su impacto sobre la esperanza de vida (EV) entre los 60 y 85 años de edad en los trienios 1998-2000 y 2016-2018 - en comparación con otras causas de muerte -, así como determinar la pérdida de años de esperanza de vida asociados a la DM en cada trienio. MÉTODOS El presente estudio es observacional y descriptivo. Se calcularon tasas de mortalidad por DM ajustadas por edad para cada sexo entre 1998 y 2018. Se construyeron tablas de vida por sexo para 1998-2000 y 2016-2018 y se calculó tanto la EV entre 60 y 85 años, como los años de esperanza de vida perdidos (AEVP) por DM, y causas seleccionadas, entre ambas edades. RESULTADOS Entre 1998 y 2018 la tasa ajustada de mortalidad masculina por DM creció 55% en la población de 60 y más, y la femenina 20%. Entre 1998-2000 y 2016-2018, la EV masculina entre 60 y 85 años se redujo 0,22 años, en tanto la femenina aumentó 0,24. En 2016-2018 la DM fue responsable, para los hombres, de 1,30 AEVP entre 60 y 85 años, (19% del total de AEVP) y para las mujeres 1,24 AEVP (24% del total), más que el resto de causas analizadas. CONCLUSIONES El incremento de la mortalidad por DM ha contribuido de manera sustancial tanto a reducir la EV de los hombres adultos mayores, como a ralentizar el aumento de la EV de las mujeres de 60 años y más en lo que va de siglo. Así, resulta necesario implementar políticas preventivas desde edades tempranas que permitan reducir los altos niveles de sobrepeso y obesidad existentes en el país, y por ende, la notable proporción de población que padece DM.

Educational interventions for physical activity among Brazilian adults: systematic review / Intervenções educativas para atividade física em adultos brasileiros: revisão sistemática

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE To summarize the main evidence from educational interventions designed to increase levels of physical activity (PA) among Brazilian adults. METHODS Systematic review of intervention studies carried out in Brazil that implemented educational components aimed at promoting increased levels of PA among adult populations (18 to 65 years old). In October 2020, systematic searches were conducted in six databases, and in the reference lists of the assessed studies. RESULTS Of the initial 2,511 studies, nine were included in the synthesis. Samples with specific characteristics (such as social vulnerability, physical inactivity, and overweight or obesity) were observed, with a greater number of women. Five interventions (55.6%) occurred in primary healthcare settings (PHC) of the Brazilian Unified Health System (SUS). Only four studies (44.4%) described the pedagogical frameworks structuring the educational approaches, among which counseling was the most used strategy, such as those carried out through face-to-face meetings, home visits, lectures, and phone calls (n = 8; 88.9%). Positive results were observed in three different indicators: increase in weekly PA volume (n = 4); increase in leisure-time PA rate (n = 1); and increase in the proportion of women classified as "very active/active" (n = 1). Given the sampling specificities, the domain "participant selection" showed a high number of interventions with high risk of bias. CONCLUSIONS Educational approaches engendered some positive effects on different PA indicators, notably counseling as the main strategy used and approaches involving other health themes, such as nutrition and stress. However, considering the several determinants of PA in Brazil, future interventions should be conducted in different locations of Brazil in order to evaluate, in a broader way, their implementation processes and articulation with the many professionals working in PHC.

RESUMO OBJETIVO Sumarizar as principais evidências de intervenções educativas delineadas para o aumento dos níveis de atividade física (AF) em adultos brasileiros. MÉTODOS Revisão sistemática de estudos de intervenção conduzidos no Brasil, que implementaram componentes educativos com a finalidade de promover o aumento dos níveis de AF em populações de adultos (18 a 65 anos). Em outubro de 2020, buscas sistemáticas foram conduzidas em seis bases de dados e nas listas de referências dos artigos avaliados. RESULTADOS Dos 2.511 artigos iniciais, nove compuseram a síntese. Foram observadas amostras com características específicas (como vulnerabilidade social, inatividade física e sobrepeso ou obesidade), com maior número de mulheres. Cinco intervenções (55,6%) ocorreram nos cenários da atenção primária à saúde (APS) do Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS). Apenas em quatro estudos (44,4%) houve descrição dos referenciais pedagógicos estruturantes das abordagens educativas, dentro os quais o aconselhamento se configurou como a estratégia mais utilizada, como aquelas realizadas por meio de encontros presenciais, visitas domiciliares, palestras e chamadas telefônicas (n = 8; 88,9%). Resultados positivos foram observados em três distintos indicadores: aumento do volume semanal de AF (n = 4); aumento do índice de AF no lazer (n = 1); e aumento da proporção de mulheres classificadas como "muito ativas/ativas" (n = 1). Visto as especificidades amostrais, o domínio "seleção dos participantes" apresentou elevado número de intervenções com alto risco de viés. CONCLUSÕES As abordagens educativas produziram alguns efeitos positivos em distintos indicadores de AF, destacando-se o aconselhamento como principal estratégia utilizada e as abordagens que envolveram outras temáticas de saúde, como nutrição e estresse. Contudo, frente aos diversos determinantes da AF no Brasil, é importante que futuras intervenções sejam conduzidas em variadas localizações do país, de forma que avaliem, de maneira mais ampla, seus processos de implementação e articulação com os distintos profissionais que atuam na APS.

Dietary patterns in Mexican preschool children are associated with stunting and overweight

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE To evaluate the association between dietary patterns, stunting, and overweight among Mexican preschoolers. METHODS This study was conducted with anthropometric (weight, height/length), sociodemographic (age, gender, education level of household head, socioeconomic status, country region and area, ethnicity, and beneficiary of social programs), and dietary data (Semiquantitative-food frequency questionnaire) on children aged from 1 to 4 years collected from the Mexican National Health and Nutrition Survey-2012. Dietary patterns were derived by principal components analysis. The association between dietary patterns, stunting, and overweight was assessed by prevalence ratios (PR), estimated by Poisson regression. RESULTS In total, 1,112 preschoolers (mean age 3.06 years, SD = 1.08 years; 48.8% females) were included in the study; 11.9% of whom presented stunting, and 6.7% overweight. We identified four dietary patterns: Fruits and Vegetables [F&V], Western [W], Traditional [T], and Milk and Liquids [M&L]. Considering the lowest tertile of each dietary pattern as reference, the prevalence of stunting was 2.04 times higher [95%CI: 1.17-3.56] among children in the highest tertile of the "F&V" pattern. The prevalence of stunting was lower among children in the highest tertile of the "W" pattern [PR = 0.48; 95%CI: 0.27-0.85]. Overweight was negatively associated with the "F&V" dietary pattern [PR = 0.37; 95%CI: 0.16-0.85 for its highest tertile], and children whose consumption was mostly equivalent to the "T" pattern showed higher prevalence of stunting [PR = 1.74; 95%CI: 1.01-3.00]. CONCLUSIONS The prevalence of stunting and overweight in a nationwide sample of Mexican preschoolers was associated with dietary patterns.

Association Between Early Admission at School and Oral Health and Nutritional Status of Children in the City of São Paulo, Brazil

ABSTRACT Objective: To investigate the possible relationship between early admission to the school of children in early childhood and oral health conditions (OH) and nutritional status (NS). Material and Methods: Cross-sectional study conducted with 140 children aged 3-4 years, selected for convenience, in 4 public schools in the city of São Paulo, Brazil, during 2016, divided into children with early (IE) and late (IL) admission at school. Comparisons between groups were performed for the presence of overweight / obesity (OW / OB), caries lesions (CL), malocclusion (MO) and dental biofilm (DB), in addition to socioeconomic and dietary data. Multiple regression analysis was applied to determine the association between age of admission at school and OH and NS. Results: Children with IE had CL = 28.1%; DB = 46.9%; MO = 54.7% and OW / OB = 25.9%. Children with IE had IL = 29.8%; DB = 35.1%; MO = 61.4% and OW / OB = 30.8%. No significant association was found between age of admission at school and CL: 1.40 (0.53-3.73) 0.490; DB: 0.51 (0.22-1.16) 0.112; MO: 1.77 (0.77-4.05) 0.173 and OW / OB: 1.27 (0.55-2.92) 0.568, [OR (95% CI) p]. Conclusion: The age of admission at school of children in early childhood did not show a significant association with OH and NS.

Body weight changes in the NutriNet Brasil cohort during the covid-19 pandemic / Mudanças no peso corporal na coorte NutriNet Brasil durante a pandemia de covid-19

ABSTRACT This study describes body weight changes among participants of the NutriNet Brasil cohort (n = 14,259) during the covid-19 pandemic. We analyzed data reported before the pandemic onset (01/26/2020 to 03/18/2020) and about six months after (09/14/2020 to 10/19/2020). Our results show that 19.7% of the participants gained ≥ 2 kg. Weight gain was directly associated with male gender, lower education, and previous presence of overweight, and inversely associated with age. In turn, 15.2% lost ≥ 2kg, being directly associated with male gender and previous presence of overweight and inversely associated with age.

RESUMO Este estudo descreve modificações no peso corporal de participantes da coorte NutriNet Brasil (n = 14.259) ocorridas durante a pandemia de covid-19. Foram analisados dados informados em período anterior ao início da pandemia (26/01/2020 a 18/03/2020) e cerca de 6 meses após (14/09/2020 a 19/10/2020). O ganho de peso ≥ 2 kg alcançou 19,7% dos participantes, mostrando-se diretamente associado ao sexo masculino, à menor escolaridade e à presença prévia de excesso de peso, sendo inversamente associado à idade. A perda de peso ≥ 2kg alcançou 15,2% dos participantes, mostrando-se diretamente associada ao sexo masculino e à presença prévia de excesso de peso, sendo inversamente associada à idade.

Associação entre excesso de peso corporal e experiência de cárie dentária em estudantes do município de Barcelos, Amazonas, Brasil: um estudo transversal / Association between excess body weight and experience of dental caries in students from the municipality of Barcelos, Amazonas, Brazil: a cross-sectional study

Objetivo: Verificar associação da prevalência da baixa estatura corporal e excesso de peso com a experiência de cárie dentária em crianças e adolescentes, matriculados no ensino fundamental e da rede pública de ensino. Métodos: Estudo transversal observacional, aprovado com o Parecer nº 197/2012 do Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa e assinatura dos termos de consentimento e assentimento livres e esclarecidos das 1.090 crianças e adolescentes, entre cinco e dezessete anos da rede pública de ensino em Barcelos, AM. Foram avaliados os índices antropométricos estatura corporal para idade, índice de massa corporal para idade, em valores de escore-Z, comparados ao padrão de referência da OMS Considerou-se como variável dependente as duas variáveis dicotômicas baixa estatura corporal e excesso de peso, e considerou-se como variáveis independentes faixa etária, sexo, tipo de escola e cárie dentária. Foi utilizado o modelo de Regressão Logística, com Intervalo de confiança de 95%, sendo ajustado com entrada de variáveis passo a passo, para análise de associação das variáveis de desfechos com as variáveis explicativas. Resultados:A prevalência de baixa estatura corporal foi de 4,9% e o excesso de peso estava presente em 17,9% dos estudantes. Os adolescentes apresentaram 1,57 vezes mais chance de possuir excesso de peso do que as crianças (p = 0,046). Não foi encontrado associação entre os estudantes com baixa de estatura corporale cárie dentária (p = 0,22), no entanto, através do modelo de regressão logística (setpwise) p < 0,05 os estudantes com excesso de peso apresentaram (p = 0,008) com a cárie dentária. Conclusão: O excesso de peso foi o problema nutricional de maior prevalência, e os estudantes com experiência de cárie apresentaram menor chance de ter excesso de peso do que os livres de cárie.

Aim: To verify the association between the prevalence of low body height and excess weight with the experience of dental caries in children and adolescents registered in the public elementary school system. Methods: This was a cross-sectional observational study, approved by the Research Ethics Committee, Opinion No. 197/2012. Participants and guardians signed a free and informed consent forms for the 1,090 children and adolescents, between five and seventeen years of age, from the public school system in Barcelos, AM, Brazil. Anthropometric indices for height-for-age and body mass index for age were measured in Z score values and compared with the reference standard set by the World Health Organization (WHO). This study considered the two dichotomous variables of low body height and excess weight to be dependent variables, and considered the variables of age group, sex, type of school, and dental caries as to be independent variables. A Logistic Regression model was applied, with a confidence interval (CI) of 95%, adjusted with stepwise variable entry for the analysis of the association of the outcome variables with the explanatory variables. Results: A low body height prevalence of 4.9% was found, and the excess weight was present in 17.9% of the students. Adolescents showed 1.57 times greater chances of having excess weight than children (p = 0.046). No association was found between students with low body height and dental caries (p = 0.22); however, through the logistic regression model (stepwise), p < 0.05 overweight students presented (p = 0.008) dental caries. Conclusion: The most prevalent nutritional problem found was excess weight, and students who experienced dental caries showed fewer chances of having excess weight than those who were free of caries.

Excess Body Weight, Snack Limits and Dental Caries in Brazilian Preschoolers: A Population-Based Study

Objective: To evaluate the relationship between excess body weight (EBW) and the prevalence of dental caries in preschoolers considering parental control regarding snack consumption. Material and Methods: An observational, population-based, cross-sectional study was conducted at Municipal Child Education Centers in the city of Curitiba, Brazil, involving a representative sample of 686 preschool children aged four to five years and eleven months and their parents/caregivers. Dental caries was analyzed using the dmft index. Weight and height were measured for the determination of the body mass index, which was categorized for each zscore range considering age and sex. Children with overweight or obesity were considered to have EBW. The assessment of nutritional status was performed with the aid of the WHO Anthro and WHO Anthro Plus programs. The data were analyzed using univariate and multivariate Poisson regression analysis with robust variance (α= 0.05). Results: The children with EBW had a lower prevalence rate of caries, but this association lost its significance when adjusted by the other variables included in the multivariate model. In the multivariate regression analysis, household income per capita (PR=0.804; 95%CI: 0.665-0.972), child's age (PR=1.015; 95%CI: 1.001-1.029) and snack limits (PR=0.839; 95%IC: 0.732-0.962) were associated with a greater prevalence rate of dental caries. Conclusion: Excess body weight was not significantly associated with dental caries, whereas a lower parental limit regarding snack consumption by the children was independently associated with a higher prevalence rate of dental caries.

Correlation of salivary immunoglobulin A with Body Mass Index and fat percentage in overweight/obese children

Abstract Obesity is considered a risk factor for periodontal health due to the low- grade inflammation promoted by the increased adipose tissue. Objective: This study aimed to determine correlations and associations between gingival inflammation (Simplified Oral Hygiene Index, and Gingival Index), salivary immunoglobulin A (s-IgA), and salivary parameters (salivary flow and osmolality) in normal-weight and overweight/obese children. Material and Methods: Ninety-one children, aged 6 to 12 years old (8.6±1.9 years), were divided into two groups according to their body mass index (BMI), circumferences, skinfold measurements and body fat percentage: normal- weight group (NWG; n =50) and overweight/obese group (OG; n =41). A calibrated examiner performed the clinical examination using the Simplified Oral Hygiene Index, Gingival Index, and salivary collection. Data analysis included descriptive statistics and association tests ( p <0.05). Results: OG presented statistically higher s-IgA values compared with NWG, especially among the obese children ( p <0.05). Significant positive correlations between s-IgA and salivary osmolality in OG ( p <0.05), and between s-IgA and BMI values ( p <0.05) and body fat percentage ( p <0.05) were observed among all the children. Effect size varied from moderate for s-IgA values ( d =0.57) to large for BMI ( d =2.60). Conclusion: Gingival inflammation and salivary parameters were similar for NWG and OG; however, s-IgA presented higher values in OG, with correlations between BMI and body fat percentage.

Análise clínica da diminuição de peso utilizando o aparelho intraoral de saciedade alimentar (AIOSA®): relato de caso / Clinical analysis of weight reduction using the satiety intraoral device (AIOSA®): case report

O sobrepeso e a obesidade tornaram-se agravos de saúde pública em nível mundial e possuem as mais diversas abordagens terapêuticas de tratamento. Atualmente um novo método de tratamento e manutenção de peso vem sendo pesquisado, o Aparelho Intraoral de Saciedade Alimentar (AIOSA®), que se trata de um Dispositivo Bariátrico Intraoral (DBI), método não invasivo o qual lembra um contensor ortodôntico com modificações e baseia-se metodologicamente no alcance da saciedade precoce através dos estímulos fisiológicos pré-absortivos estomatognáticos, aliando a multidisciplinariedade de cirurgiões-dentistas e nutricionistas no tratamento. Com o objetivo de analisar clinicamente a redução de peso promovida pelo método uma paciente do gênero feminino, 23 anos, com sobrepeso (IMC 25,60 Kg/m²), sedentária, sem agravos sistêmicos e não usuária de fármacos emagrecedores foi avaliada quinzenalmente pelo período de 24 semanas por um cirurgião-dentista e uma nutricionista utilizando o AIOSA® associado à dieta hipocalórica. A análise de dados ocorreu por estatística descritiva. Ocorreu a redução de 10,3 Kg no período de 24 semanas, com uma diminuição de 14,75% do peso inicial, levando a paciente de uma condição de sobrepeso (IMC inicial 25,60 Kg/m²) para eutrofia (IMC final 22,04 Kg/m²). Neste relato de caso o AIOSA® constituiu um tratamento eficaz, juntamente com a prescrição dietoterápica, pois a paciente alcançou seu peso ideal em 16 semanas e manteve o peso atingido por mais 8 semanas utilizando o AIOSA®

Overweight and obesity have become a public health diseases worldwide and have many different therapeutic approaches for treatment. Currently a new method of treatment and weight maintenance has been researched, the satiety intraoral device (AIOSA®), it is a Intraoral Bariatric Device (IBD), non-invasive method which resembles an orthodontic retainer with modifications and methodologically is based on the extent of early satiation through the pre-absorptive stomatognathic physiological stimulus, combining multidisciplinary of dental surgeons and nutritionists in the treatment. Aiming to clinically analyze the weight reduction method promoted by a female patient, 23 years old, overweight (BMI 25.60 kg / m²), sedentary, without systemic diseases and not user of slimming drugs was evaluated every two weeks for the period 24 weeks by a dental surgeon and a nutritionist using AIOSA® associated with reduced calorie diet. Data analysis was by descriptive statistics. There was a reduction of 10.3 kg within 24 weeks, with a decrease of 14.75% of the initial weight, leading to overweight patient a condition (initial BMI 25.60 kg / m) for eutrophy (end BMI 22,04 kg/m²). In the case report AIOSA® been an effective treatment along with dietotherapeutic prescription, since the patient reached her ideal weight within 16 weeks and maintained the weight achieved for 8 weeks using AIOSA®

Análise da relação entre as condições de saúde bucal e a qualidade de vida em adolescentes com sobrepeso/obesidade e eutróficos em Bauru - SP / Analysis of the relationship between oral health status and quality of life in overweight / obese and eutrophic adolescents in Bauru - SP

A obesidade infantil vem ganhando destaque em todo o mundo, uma vez que as crianças com sobrepeso apresentam uma tendência de se tornarem adultas com excesso de peso, ocasionando doenças graves, diminuição da expectativa de vida e insalubridade emocional. A mudança de hábitos que tem levado à substituição dos alimentos ricos em fibras e nutrientes por alimentos industrializados ricos em gorduras e carboidratos facilita o surgimento de problemas odontológicos, mesmo com a exposição a fatores de proteção. O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar a relação entre as condições de saúde bucal e a qualidade de vida de adolescentes com sobrepeso/obesidade e eutróficos em Bauru - São Paulo. A amostra foi constituída por 153 adolescentes aos 12 anos, ambos os gêneros, matriculados na rede de ensino municipal, divididos em dois grupos G1 Sobrepeso/Obesidade (n=65) e G2 Eutróficos (n=88). A avaliação antropométrica foi realizada por meio do Índice de Massa Corpórea (IMC). Os exames bucais foram realizados por 2 examinadores calibrados (Kappa>0,76), avaliando-se cárie dentária (CPOD), fluorose (Índices de Dean e de Fluorose Comunitária), condições periodontais (IPC), desgaste dentário (IDD), má oclusão (DAI) e fluxo salivar (ml/min). O questionário CHILD-OIDP foi aplicado. Para a análise estatística dos dados aplicou-se o teste de normalidade e homogeneidade, empregando-se teste t de Student, Mann-Whitney, Qui-Quadrado, Odds Ratio e Coeficiente Linear de Correlação de Pearson (p<0,05). A média de IMC encontrado foi 22,98±3,39 (masculino) e 23,78±3,23 (feminino) em G1, enquanto que no G2 observou-se 16,95±1,40 (masculino) e 17,41±1,46 (feminino). O CPOD médio foi de 1,28±1,60 (G1) e 1,73±2,30 (G2). A fluorose foi identificada em 23,08% (G1) e 14,77% (G2). As alterações periodontais foram mais prevalentes em G2 (65,91%) do que G1 (52,31%), com a presença de sangramento gengival em 47,69% e 47,73% e de cálculo em 29,23% e 44,32% (G1 e G2, respectivamente)...

Childhood obesity has been gaining attention throughout the world, since overweight children have a tendency to become overweight adults, causing severe disease, decreased on life expectancy and emotional unhealthiness. The change in habits that have led to the replacement of fiber-rich foods and nutrients for processed foods rich in fats and carbohydrates facilitates the emergence of dental problems, even with exposure to the protective factors. The objective of this study was to analyze the relationship between oral health status and quality of life in overweight / obese and eutrophic adolescents in Bauru - São Paulo. The sample consisted of 153 adolescents age 12, both genders, enrolled in the municipal school system, divided into two groups G1 - Overweight / obesity (n = 65) and G2 - normal weight (n = 88). The anthropometric assessment was performed using the Body Mass Index (BMI). Oral examinations were performed by two calibrated examiners (kappa>0.76), evaluating dental caries (DMFT), fluorosis (Dean and Community fluorosis Indexes), periodontal conditions (CPI), dental wear (DWI), malocclusion (DAI) and salivary flow (ml / min). The CHILD-OIDP questionnaire was applied. Data statistics analysis applied the normality and homogeneity test, using then Student t-test, Mann-Whitney, Chi-square, Odds Ratio and Linear Coefficient of Correlation of Pearson (p <0.05). The mean BMI was 22.98 ± 3.39 (male) and 23.78 ± 3.23 (female) in G1, while in G2 there was 16.95 ± 1.40 (male) and 17, 41 ± 1.46 (female). The average DMFT was 1.28 ± 1.60 (G1) and 1.73 ± 2.30 (G2). Periodontal changes were more prevalent in G2 (65.91%) than G1 (52.31%), with presence of gingival bleeding in 47.69% and 47.73% and calculus in 29.23% and 44 32% (G1 and G2 respectively). All adolescents had some degree of tooth wear, and the incisal / occlusal surface was the most affected (97.88% G1; 97.02% G2). The average DAI obtained in G1 was 31.69 ± 7.93 and 30.46 ± 7.40...

Correlation between body mass index and dental caries among a sample of sudanese children / Correlação entre índice de massa corporal e cárie dentária em uma amostra de crianças sudanesas

Introdução: A obesidade e a cárie dentária tem um impacto importante na saúde de crianças; elas podem ser potencialmente prevenidas pelo aumento do conhecimento e conscientização da prática adequada higiene bucal, além de consumo de alimentos saudáveis. Objetivo: Determinar a correlação entre o índice de massa corporal e cárie dentária em uma amostra de crianças sudanesas de 6-11 anos de idade. Material e Métodos: Um estudo clínico transversal em escolas foi realizado. Um total de 360 crianças (50% meninos,50% meninas) foram avaliadas e a massa corporal e prevalência de cárie dentária determinados. O exame físico foi feito através da obtenção de altura e peso da criança para calcular o índice de massa corporal. O índice de cárie dentária foi determinado seguindo os critérios da OMS. Resultados: A categoria de peso corporal mais prevalente foi de peso normal (60,6%) em ambos os sexos, seguido pelo grupo baixo peso (28,3%),o grupo de excesso de peso (6,4%), e o grupo de obesos(4,7%). Os meninos apresentaram maior prevalência do que as meninas na categoria de baixo peso, enquanto que o excesso de peso foi mais prevalente em meninas(8,3%) do que meninos (4,4%). O ceo médio foi 4,68para ambos os gêneros e o CPOD médio foi 2,52 e 1,88para meninas e meninos, respectivamente. Houve uma correlação negativa entre e ceo e a categoria de peso corporal. Nenhuma correlação entre a categoria peso corporal e índice CPOD foi encontrada. Conclusão:Não houve correlação entre cárie dentária e categoria de peso de acordo com idade em dentes permanentes.Em dentes decíduos a categoria baixo peso apresentou se mais relacionada com a presença de cárie dentária do que as outras categorias de peso corporal.

Introduction: Obesity and dental caries have aserious impact on a child’s health; they can bepotentially prevented by increasing the knowledge and awareness of proper oral hygiene practice inaddition to healthy food consumption. Objective:To determine the correlation between body mass index and dental caries of a sample of 6-11 year old Sudanese children. Material and Methods: A Crosssectional school based study was conducted. A totalof 360 children (50% boys, 50% girls) were examined for body mass index and dental caries prevalence. Physical examination was done by recording the child’s height and weight to calculate the body mass index. Dental caries index was carried out following the WHO criteria. Results: The most prevalent body weight category was normal weight (60.6%) in both genders followed by the underweight group (28.3%),the overweight group (6.4%), and the obese group(4.7%). Boys exhibited a higher prevalence in the underweight category than girls, while overweight was more prevalent in girls (8.3%) than boys (4.4%).The mean dft for primary teeth was 4.68 in bothgenders and the mean DMFT for permanent teethwas 2.52 and 1.88 for girls and boys respectively.There was a negative correlation between dft andbody weight category. No correlation between bodyweight category and DMFT was found. Conclusion:No correlation between dental caries and age-specificbody weight category was found in permanent teethwhile in primary teeth the underweight category wasmore related to the presence of dental caries than theother body weight categories.

Doenças associadas à obesidade infantil / Diseases associated the obesity child

O sedentarismo é um fator de risco para o desenvolvimento de sobrepeso e da obesidade infantil, situações que se associam para o desenvolvimento da dislipidemia, hipertensão arterial, resistência insulínica, diabetes melittus, doenças cardiovasculares entre outras alterações. O objetivo deste estudo foi identificar os possíveis fatores etiológicos das doenças associadas à obesidade infantil, e como a atividade física pode contribuir para a sua prevenção. Este estudo foi baseado em revisão de literatura, utilizando as bases de dados Scielo, Google acadêmico e Birime no período de 1997 a 2012. Conclui-se que trabalhar em equipe multidisciplinar de médicos, nutricionistas, educadores físicos e os próprios pais têm sido a ferramenta mais eficaz para a prevenção da obesidade infantil

Physical inactivity is a risk factor for the development of overweight and childhood obesity, conditions associated to the development of dyslipidemia, hypertension, insulin resistance, diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular disease, among other disorders. The aim of this study was to identify possible etiologic factors of diseases associated with childhood obesity and how physical activity can contribute to its prevention. This study was based on literature review, using the Scielo, Google scholar and Birime data from 1997 to 2012. To workin a multidisciplinary team of physicians, nutritionists, physical educators and parents themselves have been the most effective tool for the prevention of childhood obesity it is concluded

Prevalência de jovens hipertensos não diagnosticados atendidos na policlínicao dontológica da Universidade do Estado do Amazonas / Prevalence of undiagnosed hypertensive young people of dental policlinics of University of Amazonas State

Objetivo: avaliar a prevalência de jovens hipertensos não diagnosticados que procuraram atendimento na policlínica odontológica da Universidade do Estado do Amazonas (UEA) quanto a sexo, raça, idade e índices antropométricos. Metodologia: foi entregue um questionário de perguntas fechadas e realizadas duas aferições de pressão arterial com intervalo de 10 minutos entre elas para diagnóstico da hipertensão em 124 sujeitos. Em seguida, os pacientes foram pesados e medidos para obtenção do índice de massa corporal (IMC) e foi obtida a medidad a circunferência abdominal (CA). Os dados foram analisados pelos testes Exato de Fisher e t de Student, com nível de significância de 5%.Resultados: a prevalência de jovens hipertensos não diagnosticados foi de 4,8%(n=6) e a média de idade encontrada foi de 19,3 ± 1,9 anos. O sexo feminino apresentou 8,0% (n=4) e o masculino 2,5% (n=2) de hipertensos. Houve predominância da raça parda (n=4; 5,0%). A prevalência de sobrepeso/obeso foi superior nos jovens hipertensos em comparação aos valores de IMC normal (p<0,05). Não foi observada associação entre hipertensão e CA, em ambos os sexos (p>0,05).Conclusão: a prevalência de hipertensos jovens foi baixa, sendo que a maioria destes era de mulheres de raça parda, sendo associada a indivíduos em sobrepeso ou obesos.

Aim: to evaluate the prevalence of non-diagnosed hypertensive young-adults searching for dental treatment at dentistry policlinics of Amazonas State University in function of gender, race, age and anthropometric indexes. Metodology: a survey with non-open questions was applied along with two measurements of arterial pressure toke 10 minutes apart between them in 124 subjects. The patients were weighed and their height was measured to obtain the body-mass index (BMI). The abdominal circumference (AC) was also obtained. Data were analyzed by Fisher’s exact and Student t tests (alpha=5%).Results: the prevalence of hypertensive young-adults, aging 19.3 ± 1.9 years, was4.8% (n=6), being 8% (n=4) females and 2.5 % (n=2) males. The predominant race was brown (5%, n=4). Overweighed/obese hypertensive subjects were prevalent when compared to normal BMI subjects (p<0.05). There was none association between hypertension and AC in both genders (p>0.05).Conclusion: the prevalence of hypertensive young-adults was low, being the majority of them brown females, being associated with overweigh or obesity.