Short-term effect of adhesive system on clinical performance of bulk fill composite: randomized clinical trial

Aim: Although bulk fill composites have been widely used as restorative material, there is no consensus regarding the best clinical protocol in terms of composite technique and adhesive system. Therefore, this clinical trial evaluated the clinical performance of bulk fill composites for class I restorations under different protocols. Methods: A randomized clinical trial including 155 class I restorations was conducted using different adhesive systems: conventional technique (phosphoric acid + conventional three-step adhesive system) (Group 1, 2 and 3); or self-etching adhesive system (Groups 4, 5 and 6). Control groups 1 and 4 were restored with conventional composite; groups 2 and 5 with low viscosity bulk fill and conventional composite as occlusal coverage; groups 3 and 6 with high viscosity bulk fill. The FDI criteria was used for clinical evaluation at baseline and after 6 months. Results: All groups showed good clinical performance. At baseline, the adhesive system did not affect postoperative hypersensitivity. After 6 months, group 5 showed a significant reduction in color and translucency; group 6 a reduction in terms of anatomical form and for postoperative sensitivity and an improvement in patient satisfaction (p<0.05). Considering the same restorative technique, the use of the self-etching adhesive system showed a significant decrease in color and translucency (p<0.05). Conclusion: All groups showed favorable clinical performance, and promising results were found for the conventional adhesive system and high viscosity bulk fill protocol

Effect of surface treatments on the adhesive properties of metallic brackets on fluorotic enamel

ABSTRACT Objective: To compare the effectiveness of the pretreatment with sandblasting and deproteinization with NaOCl on bond strength (SBS), in situ conversion degree (CD) of brackets in fluorotic enamel, and enamel etching pattern. Methods: A total of 90 non-carious maxillary premolars were used. The teeth were then assigned to six experimental groups according to: enamel surface (sound and fluorotic enamel); surface treatment (Regular etch with 37% phosphoric acid [RE]; 5.2% sodium hypochlorite + phosphoric acid [NaOCl + RE]; sandblasting + phosphoric acid [sandblasting + RE]). After storage in distilled water (37°C/24h), the specimens were tested at 1 mm/min until failure (SBS). Enamel-resin cement interfaces were evaluated for CD using micro-Raman spectroscopy. The enamel-etching pattern was evaluated under a scanning electron microscope. Data from SBS and in situ CD values were analyzed using ANOVA two-away and Tukey test (α=0.05). The enamel etching pattern was evaluated only qualitatively. Results: For sound enamel, RE showed the highest SBS values, when compared to NaOCl + RE and Sandblasting + RE groups (p< 0.01). Regarding CD, only NaOCl + RE significantly compromised the mean DC, in comparison with other groups (p= 0.002). For fluorotic enamel, the Sandblasting + RE group significantly increased the mean SBS values, in comparison with RE group (p= 0.01) and no significant change was observed for CD (p> 0.52). Conclusions: The application of NaOCl or sandblasting associated to phosphoric acid improved the SBS of the brackets in fluorotic enamel without compromising the CD of the resin cement, with improving of enamel interprismatic conditioning.

RESUMO Objetivo: Comparar a efetividade do pré-tratamento com jateamento e desproteinização com NaOCl na resistência de união (SBS), grau de conversão in situ (GC) dos braquetes metálicos ao esmalte fluorótico e o padrão de condicionamento do esmalte. Métodos: Foi utilizado um total de 90 pré-molares superiores livres de cárie. Os dentes foram divididos em seis grupos experimentais, de acordo com: superfície do esmalte (Esmalte Sadio e Fluorótico); tratamento de superfície (Condicionamento com ácido fosfórico a 37% [ER]; Hipoclorito de sódio a 5,2% + ácido fosfórico [NaOCl + ER]; e jateamento + ácido fosfórico [Jateamento + ER]). Após armazenamento em água destilada (37oC/24 h), os espécimes foram testados a 1 mm/min até a falha (SBS). As interfaces esmalte-cimento foram avaliadas para GC usando espectroscopia micro-Raman. O padrão do condicionamento do esmalte foi avaliado sob microscopia eletrônica de varredura. Os dados da SBS e GC foram analisados utilizando ANOVA dois fatores e teste de Tukey (α= 0,05). O padrão de condicionamento do esmalte foi avaliado apenas qualitativamente. Resultados: Para o esmalte sadio, o ER apresentou os maiores valores de SBS, quando comparado aos grupos NaOCl + ER e Jateamento + ER (p< 0,01). Em relação ao GC, apenas a média do grupo NaOCl + ER foi comprometida significativamente em comparação aos outros grupos (p= 0,002). Para o esmalte fluorótico, Jateamento + ER aumentou significativamente a média dos valores de SBS, em comparação com o grupo ER (p= 0,01) e nenhuma mudança significativa foi observada no GC (p> 0,52). Conclusões: A aplicação de NaOCl ou jateamento associado ao ácido fosfórico melhorou a SBS dos braquetes no esmalte fluorótico sem comprometer o GC do cimento resinoso, com a melhoria do condicionamento interprismático do esmalte.

Modificação e avaliação de gel de ácido fosfórico 35% com agente aromatizante / Modification and evaluation of 35% phosphoric acid gel with flavoring agent

Objetivos: O condicionamento da superfície dos tecidos dentários duros com ácido fosfórico 35% é normalmente utilizado para fornecer retenção micromecânica para adesivos odontológicos. Quando lavado da superfície, o ácido pode gerar gosto amargo e desagradável ao paladar do paciente. O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar o efeito da adição de um agente aromatizante à composição do gel de ácido fosfórico 35% e investigar se existe alteração de características fundamentais deste material, como sua capacidade de desmineralizar a superfície dentária. Métodos: Além de um grupo controle (sem flavorizante), foram testados grupos de ácido fosfórico 35% com a adição de 0,5% ou 3% do aromatizante (Aroma Abacaxi Pó; Bio Green Ingredients). Foram realizadas análises de viscosidade, estabilidade do pH e de desmineralização da superfície de esmalte condicionada por microscopia eletrônica de varredura, além de teste de resistência de união ao esmalte por microcisalhamento. Resultados: Apesar dos grupos apresentarem pequenas diferenças entre si, nenhuma das alterações se mostrou significativa, exceto o aumento da viscosidade do gel contendo 3% do aromatizante. Conclusões: A adição de agente aromatizante ao gel condicionador de ácido fosfórico 35% parece ser alternativa viável para reduzir os problemas relacionados ao contato com o sabor desagradável do material, uma vez que não promoveu alteração negativa significativa nas características e comportamento do ácido(AU)

Objectives: Etching of dental hard tissues surfaces with 35% phosphoric acid is usually used to provide micromechanical interlocking with dental adhesives. When washed from the surface, the acid can cause a bitter taste unpleasant to the patient. The aim of this study was to analyze the effect of the addition of a flavoring agent to 35% phosphoric acid gel and investigate whether there is change in the fundamental characteristics of this material, including its ability to demineralize dental surfaces. Methods: In addition to a control group (without flavoring agent), groups were tested with the addition of 0.5% or 3% of the flavoring compound (pineapple flavor powder, Bio Green Ingredients) to 35% phosphoric acid. Analyses of viscosity, pH stability and demineralization of enamel surfaces by scanning electron microscopy were carried out, as well microshear bond strength to enamel. Results: Although the groups had minor differences among themselves, none of the changes were significant, except the increased viscosity of the gel containing 3% of the flavoring agent. Conclusions: The addition of flavoring agent to 35% phosphoric acid gel conditioner seems to be a viable alternative to reduce the problems related to contact with the unpleasant taste of the material, since it promoted no negative changes in the characteristics and behavior of the acid(AU)

Molecular and morphological surface analysis: effect of filling pastes and cleaning agents on root dentin

Abstract The quality of the dentin root is the most important factor for restoration resin sealing and drives the outcome of endodontic treatment. Objective This study evaluated the effect of different filling pastes and cleaning agents on the root dentin of primary teeth using Fourier-transformed Raman spectroscopy (FT-Raman), micro energy-dispersive X-ray fluorescence (µ-EDXRF) and scanning electron microscopic (SEM) analysis. Material and Methods Eighty roots of primary teeth were endodontically prepared and distributed into 4 groups and filled according to the following filling pastes: Control-no filling (CP), Calen®+zinc oxide (CZ), Calcipex II® (CII), Vitapex® (V). After seven days, filling paste groups were distributed to 4 subgroups according to cleaning agents (n=5): Control-no cleaning (C), Ethanol (E), Tergenform® (T), 35% Phosphoric acid (PA). Then, the roots were sectioned and the dentin root sections were internally evaluated by FT-Raman, µ-EDXRF and SEM. Data was submitted to two-way ANOVA and Tukey tests (α=0.05). Results Regarding filling pastes, there was no significant difference in organic content. CP provided the lowest calcium values and, calcium/phosphoric ratio (Ca/P), and the highest phosphoric values. For cleaning agents there was no difference in organic content when compared to the C; however, T showed significantly higher calcium and Ca/P than PA. All groups showed similar results for phosphorus. The dentin smear layer was present after use of the cleaning agents, except PA. Conclusion The filling pastes changed the inorganic content, however they did not change the organic content. Cleaning agents did not alter the inorganic and organic content. PA cleaned and opened dentin tubules.

Effect of green tea extract on bonding durability of an etch-and-rinse adhesive system to caries-affected dentin

ABSTRACT Objective Green tea extract has been advocated as a matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) inhibitor; however, its effect on bond durability to caries-affected dentin has never been reported. Thus, the aim of this in vitro study was to evaluate the effect of two MMP inhibitors (2% chlorhexidine and 2% green tea extract), applied after acid etching, on bond durability of an etch-and-rinse adhesive system to caries-affected dentin. Material and Methods Occlusal enamel was removed from third molars to expose the dentin surface, and the molars were submitted to a caries induction protocol for 15 days. After removal of infected dentin, specimens were conditioned with 37% phosphoric acid (15 seconds) and randomly divided into three groups, according to the type of dentin pretreatment (n=10): NT: no treatment; GT: 2% green tea extract; CLX: 2% chlorhexidine. The etch-and-rinse adhesive system (Adper™ Single Bond 2, 3M ESPE, St. Paul, MN, USA) was applied according to the manufacturer's instructions, and composite resin restorations were built on the dentin. After 24 hours, at 37°C, the resin-tooth blocks were sectioned perpendicularly to the adhesive interface in the form of sticks (0.8 mm2 of adhesive area) and randomly subdivided into two groups according to when they were to be submitted to microtensile bond strength (μTBS) testing: immediately or 6 months after storage in distilled water. Data were reported in MPa and submitted to two-way ANOVA for completely randomized blocks, followed by Tukey’s test (α=0.05). Results After 24 hours, there was no significant difference in the μTBS of the groups. After 6 months, the GT group had significantly higher μTBS values. Conclusion It was concluded that the application of 2% green tea extract was able to increase bond durability of the etch-and-rinse system to dentin. Neither the application of chlorhexidine nor non-treatment (NT - control) had any effect on bond strength after water storage.

Pino de fibra de vidro – solução estética conservadora pós-endodontia para restaurações cerâmicas / Glass fiber post – an aesthetic and conservative alternative for ceramic restorations post-endodontics

Para todo procedimento de restaurações cerâmicas em dentes anteriores, deve-se avaliar a estrutura do dente a ser restaurado. Dessa maneira, deve-se realizar um correto planejamento para que as restaurações sejam realizadas com excelência. Diante disso, o profissional deve se atentar à correta indicação da cimentação de pinos de fibra de vidro em dentes tratados endodonticamente, para garantir uma retenção satisfatória da futura restauração, bem como planejar uma boa biomecânica. Sendo assim, o objetivo desse artigo é mostrar as indicações e a técnica passo a passo de como realizar a cimentação de um pino de fibra de vidro para realizar uma restauração cerâmica.

Influência do tempo de aplicação do bicarbonato de sódio a 10% na adesão ao esmalte bovino clareado: estudo in vitro / Effect of the application time of 10% sodium bicarbonate on bleached enamel: an in vitro study

Este estudo in vitro avaliou a influência do tempo de aplicação do bicarbonato de sódio a 10% na qualidade da união de um sistema adesivo universal unido ao esmalte bovino clareado por meio de testes de resistência de união (microtração imediata e após 6 meses) e grau de conversão na interface adesiva (espectroscopia micro-Raman). Cento e dez blocos de esmalte bovino (4x4 mm) foram planificados e distribuídos aleatoriamente em 5 grupos: C: controle, sem clareamento; B: clareamento com peróxido de hidrogênio 35% (HP); BS3: clareamento com HP seguido de tratamento com a solução de bicarbonato de sódio 10% (BS) por 3 min; BS5: clareamento com HP seguido de tratamento com BS por 5 min; BS10: clareamento com HP seguido de tratamento com BS por 10 min. O HP foi aplicado duas vezes (20 minutos cada, com exceção do grupo C) e em seguida as restaurações adesivas foram realizadas. Após 24 horas, 20 espécimes de cada grupo foram seccionados em palitos (1x1 mm) e submetidos ao teste de resistência de união (imediato e após 6 meses) em máquina de ensaios universal com velocidade de 0,5 mm/min (n=10). Os dados foram analisados por ANOVA a dois critérios (p <0,05). As médias das análises imediata e após 6 meses foram: C: 26,77 / 25,32; B: 26,42 / 26,42; BS3: 23,95 / 22,98; BS5: 23,65 / 26,64; BS10: 23,42 / 29,30. Nenhum dos fatores testados apresentou significância: tratamento (p=0,349) e tempo (p=0,234), não havendo interação entre estes (p=0,198). Falhas adesivas foram predominantes nos dois períodos de avaliação. Para a análise do grau de conversão, após 24 horas da restauração, 2 espécimes de cada grupo foram seccionados em fatias de 1mm, sendo apenas 3 fatias selecionadas. Os seguintes parâmetros foram utilizados: excitação dos espécimes com laser de argônio operando a 538 nm, espectro obtido a uma resolução ~4cm-1, sob uma região de espectro entre 1580-1660cm-1, verificando a altura dos picos 1608cm-1 e 1637cm-1. Os dados foram analisados por ANOVA a um critério (p <0,05) e as médias do grau de conversão foram: C: 71,10%; B: 72,11%; BS3: 73,98%; BS5: 69,25%; BS10: 70,56%. O fator de estudo tratamento não apresentou significância estatística (p=0,808). A adesão no esmalte clareado parece não ter sido afetada negativamente quando restaurações adesivas foram feitas imediatamente após o clareamento, independente da aplicação ou não da substância antioxidante. Mais estudos que avaliem a adesão em esmalte clareado, principalmente no que diz respeito ao grau de conversão e aos diferentes tipos de sistemas adesivos universais se fazem necessários para fins comparativos e para que possamos indicar seguramente as restaurações imediatas (quando necessárias) na prática clínica.(AU)

The present in vitro study evaluated the influence of the application time of 10% sodium bicarbonate in the adhesion quality of a universal adhesive system bonded to bleached enamel through microtensile bond strength testing (immediate and after 6 months) and the degree conversion (micro-Raman spectroscopy). One hundred and ten bovine enamel blocks (4x4mm) were flattened and randomly allocated into 5 groups: C: control, without bleaching; B: bleached with 35% hydrogen peroxide (HP); BS3: bleached and treated with 10% sodium bicarbonate solution (BS) for 3 min; BS5: bleached and treated with BS for 5 min; BS10: bleached and treated with BS for 10 min. HP was applied twice (20 minutes each, except in group C) and the adhesive restorations were performed. After 24 hours, 20 specimens from each group were sectioned into sticks (1x1 mm) and submitted to microtensile bond strength testing (immediately and after 6 months) in a universal testing machine with a crosshead speed of 0.5 mm/min (n = 10). Data was analyzed by two-way ANOVA (p <0.05). The means of the immediate and 6 months analysis were: C 26.77 / 25.32; B: 26.42 / 26.42; BS3: 23.95 / 22.98; BS5: 23.65 / 26.64; BS10: 23.42 / 29.30. None of the tested factors showed significance: treatment (p = 0.349) and time (p = 0.234), with no interaction between them (p = 0.198). Adhesive failures were predominant in both evaluation periods. For the degree of conversion analysis, 2 specimens of each group were sectioned into 1 mm slices after 24 hours of the restorative procedure, and 3 slices were selected. The following parameters were used: excitation of specimens with argon laser operating at 538 nm, spectrum obtained at a resolution of ~4cm-1, under a spectrum region between 1580-1660cm-1, evaluating the height of the peaks at 1608cm-1 and 1637cm-1. Data was analyzed by one-way ANOVA (p <0.05). The means of degree of conversion were: C: 71.10%; B: 72.11%; BS3: 73.98%; BS5: 69.25%; BS10: 70.56%. The study factor "treatment" was not statistically significant (p = 0.808). The results of bonding to bleached enamel was not negatively affected when adhesive restorations were made immediately after bleaching, regardless of the application of the antioxidant substance. Further studies to evaluate the adhesion on bleached enamel, mainly with regard to the degree of conversion and different types of universal adhesive systems are needed for comparative purposes. Only after this, the immediate restoration (if necessary) in clinical practice can be safely and indicated.(AU)

Comparação de diferentes pré-tratamentos de superfície na remineralização de esmalte com flúor em tratamento de lesões com mancha branca e sua resistência após desafio ácido / Comparison of different pretreatments on remineralization of enamel white spot lesions with fluoride and its resistance after new acidic challenge

A aplicação de flúor tópico é a principal estratégia de natureza química para a remineralização de lesões incipientes (LI) clinicamente visíveis como manchas brancas (MB) por cárie. Abordagens para aumentar a retenção de F no substrato pode favorecer sua ação e para isso, tratamentos prévios da superfície do esmalte podem ser usados. O objetivo deste trabalho foi comparar a capacidade de remineralização do flúor sem e com pré-tratamento do esmalte com ácido fosfórico e nitrato de alumínio e a sua resistência após novo desafio. Sessenta espécimes de esmalte bovino foram preparados (6mm x 4mm) e selecionados por meio de análise de microdureza de superfície (MS). LI foram produzidas através de ciclagem Desmineralização-Remineralização (DES-RE) e os espécimes divididos aleatoriamente em cinco grupos, de acordo com o tratamento (n=12): V- controle (verniz de fluoreto de sódio 5% por 4 horas), F (sem pré-tratamento); P-F(condicionamento ácido com ácido fosfórico por 30s); Al-F (nitrato de alumínio a 0,05M por 1min); P-Al-F (condicionamento com ácido fosfórico a 37% + nitrato de alumínio a 0,05M). Os tratamentos foram repetidos semanalmente durante quatro semanas. Após o tratamento, os espécimes foram submetidos à nova ciclagem ácida. Após cada etapa, nova MS foi realizada e ao final das análises, um corte transversal dos espécimes foi realizado. Uma das metades foi submetida à análise da microdureza longitudinal (ML) e a outra preparada para realização da microrradiografia transversal (TMR) para a análise de conteúdo mineral perdido. O percentual de perda de dureza de superfície (%PDS) foi analisado por ANOVA a 2 critérios de medidas repetidas e Tukey e o percentual de perda de dureza longitudinal (%PDL) por ANOVA a 3 critérios de medidas repetidas e Tukey (p<0,05). Os dados de TMR no parâmetro LD (profundidade da lesão) foram analisados por ANOVA a dois critérios (p<0,05). Os resultados mostraram que a ciclagem DES-RE resultou em significante %PDS e %PDL em todos os grupos. Grupo F revelou menor perda de MS após tratamento e, F, Al-F e P-Al-F, mostraram menor perda de dureza final, após o novo desafio ácido. Na análise de %PDL, o grupo V apresentou menor perda de dureza final quando comparado com os demais grupos, nas diferentes profundidades. A análise do conteúdo mineral não revelou nenhuma diferença entre os tratamentos e fases. Nenhum dos pré tratamentos propostos foram capazes de otimizar a atuação do gel APF na remineralização de MB.(AU)

The topical fluoride is the main chemical strategy to remineralize incipient caries lesions (ICL) visible as carious white spot lesions (WSL). Approaches to increase the fluoride retention may favor its action and therefore, enamel pretreatments can be used for this purpose. The aim of this study was to compare the potential of fluoride remineralization with and without previous enamel pretreatment with aluminum nitrate and phosphoric acid as well as their resistance after a new acid challenge. Sixty bovine enamel specimens were prepared (6mm x 4mm) and selected by the surface hardness (SH) analysis. The ICL were produced using DE-RE cycling and the specimens were randomized in five groups, according to the treatment (n=12): Vcontrol (5% sodium fluoride varnish during 4h), and four groups previously preatreated with topical application of acidulated phosphate fluoride (APF) during 4min: F (without pretreatment), P-F (phosphoric acid etching during 30s), Al-F (0.05M aluminum nitrate during 1min); P-Al-F (phosphoric acid etching + aluminum nitrate). The treatments were performed weekly during four weeks. After the treatment, the specimens were submitted to the new acid challenge. After each step, a new SH analysis was performed followed by the transversal cut of the specimens. A half was submitted to the longitudinal cross-sectional hardness analysis (LH) and the other half was prepared to transverse microradiography assessments (TMR) to determine the loss of mineral content. The percentage of surface mineral loss (%SH) was analyzed using two-way repeated-measures ANOVA and the percentage of crosssectional mineral loss (%LH) by the three-way repeated-measures ANOVA and Tukey (p<0.05). Data of TMR analysis by LD (lesion depth) parameter was analyzed with two-way ANOVA (p<0.05). The results showed significant %SH and %LH after DE-RE cycling for all groups. F group showed the lowest %SH after treatment, with no significant difference to Al-F and P-Al-F after the new acid challenge. V group showed the lowest %LH compared to the other groups, in the different depths, suggesting more resistance. Mineral content assessment did not reveal any difference among treatments and phases. None pretreatments were able to increase the potential of fluoride remineralization.(AU)

Avaliação dos efeitos de diferentes agentes condicionadores na descontaminação da superfície de titânio: estudo in vitro / Evaluation of the effects of different conditioning agents in the decontamination of the implant surface: in vitro study

O uso de implantes osseointegrados vem crescendo nas ultimas decadas e, juntamente com eles, suas complicacoes. A periimplantite se apresenta como uma infeccao bacteriana que afeta os tecidos moles e duros ao redor do implante, promovendo perda da osseointegracao. Assim, o objetivo primario deste estudo foi analisar a efetividade da remocao de bacterias, atraves do software ImageJ, aderidas as superficies de titanio por diferentes agentes quimicos condicionantes, por meio de analise em microscopia eletronica de varredura (MEV). Juntamente foi analisado a alteracao da rugosidade de superficie apos a utilizacao dos agentes. Foi realizado estudo in vitro, no qual 70 covers (prototipos de implantes) passaram por preparo das superficies para adequacao do meio a cultura bacteriana, fixacao das bacterias; e em seguida, foram divididos em 7 grupos (n=10), de acordo com o tratamento: AF180– aplicacao de acido fosforico (AF) por 180 segundos; AF90- AF por 90 segundos; EDTA180 – EDTA por 180 segundos; EDTA90 – EDTA por 90 segundos; AC180 – acido citrico por 180 segundos; AC90 –AC por 90 segundos; Controle – RAR. A analise comparativa do grau de contaminacao bacteriana observado antes e depois do tratamento entre os diferentes grupos foi realizada por meio do teste nao parametrico de Kruskal-Wallis; e as alteracoes da rugosidade superficial foram analisadas por meio do teste ANOVA a dois criterios, pos-teste de Dunnett. Atraves desta metodologia, este trabalho sugere que o tratamento de superficies de titanio contaminadas por meio do emprego de solucao em gel de EDTA a 24% por 90 e 180 segundos e acido citrico a 50% por 180 segundos e efetiva para remocao de A. atinomycetencomitans. Alem disso, o tratamento por meio de EDTA por 90 e 180 segundos promove alteracao significativa dos parametros de rugosidade superficial, especialmente quando comparado aos grupos controle e AF180, indicando que este tratamento pode resultar em subtracao acida adicional.

The use of dental implants has grown in recent decades and, with them, their complications. The periimplantitis is presented as a bacterial infection that affects the soft and hard tissue around the implant, promoting loss of osseointegration. Thus, the primary objective of this study was to analyze the effectiveness of removal of bacteria tby means of the ImageJ software, adhered to the titanium surfaces by different chemical conditions, through analysis in scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The change of surface roughness was also analyzed after using the chemical agents. An in vitro study in which 70 covers (implant prototypes) was prepared for the bacteria culture, fixation of the bacterias; and then they were divided into 7 groups (n = 10), according to the surface treatment: AF180- application of phosphoric acid (FA) for 180 seconds; AF90- AF for 90 seconds; EDTA180 - EDTA for 180 seconds; EDTA90 - EDTA for 90 seconds; AC180 - citric acid for 180 seconds; AC90 -AC for 90 seconds; Control - RAR. The comparative analysis of the degree of bacterial contamination was performed using Kruskal-Wallis non parametric test; and changes of surface roughness were analyzed by ANOVA two criteria, post-test Dunnett. Through this method, this work suggests that treatment of titanium contaminated surfaces by means of EDTA gel solution employing 24% for 90 and 180 seconds and citric acid 50% for 180 seconds is effective for removing A. atinomycetencomitans. Moreover, treatment using EDTA for 90 to 180 seconds promotes significant change of surface roughness parameters, especially when compared to control groups and AF180, indicating that this treatment can result in additional acidic subtraction.

Avaliação dos efeitos de diferentes agentes condicionadores na descontaminação da superfície de titânio: estudo in vitro / Evaluation of the effects of different conditioning agents in the decontamination of the implant surface: in vitro study

O uso de implantes osseointegrados vem crescendo nas ultimas decadas e, juntamente com eles, suas complicacoes. A periimplantite se apresenta como uma infeccao bacteriana que afeta os tecidos moles e duros ao redor do implante, promovendo perda da osseointegracao. Assim, o objetivo primario deste estudo foi analisar a efetividade da remocao de bacterias, atraves do software ImageJ, aderidas as superficies de titanio por diferentes agentes quimicos condicionantes, por meio de analise em microscopia eletronica de varredura (MEV). Juntamente foi analisado a alteracao da rugosidade de superficie apos a utilizacao dos agentes. Foi realizado estudo in vitro, no qual 70 covers (prototipos de implantes) passaram por preparo das superficies para adequacao do meio a cultura bacteriana, fixacao das bacterias; e em seguida, foram divididos em 7 grupos (n=10), de acordo com o tratamento: AF180– aplicacao de acido fosforico (AF) por 180 segundos; AF90- AF por 90 segundos; EDTA180 – EDTA por 180 segundos; EDTA90 – EDTA por 90 segundos; AC180 – acido citrico por 180 segundos; AC90 –AC por 90 segundos; Controle – RAR. A analise comparativa do grau de contaminacao bacteriana observado antes e depois do tratamento entre os diferentes grupos foi realizada por meio do teste nao parametrico de Kruskal-Wallis; e as alteracoes da rugosidade superficial foram analisadas por meio do teste ANOVA a dois criterios, pos-teste de Dunnett. Atraves desta metodologia, este trabalho sugere que o tratamento de superficies de titanio contaminadas por meio do emprego de solucao em gel de EDTA a 24% por 90 e 180 segundos e acido citrico a 50% por 180 segundos e efetiva para remocao de A. atinomycetencomitans. Alem disso, o tratamento por meio de EDTA por 90 e 180 segundos promove alteracao significativa dos parametros de rugosidade superficial, especialmente quando comparado aos grupos controle e AF180, indicando que este tratamento pode resultar em subtracao acida adicional.

The use of dental implants has grown in recent decades and, with them, their complications. The periimplantitis is presented as a bacterial infection that affects the soft and hard tissue around the implant, promoting loss of osseointegration. Thus, the primary objective of this study was to analyze the effectiveness of removal of bacteria tby means of the ImageJ software, adhered to the titanium surfaces by different chemical conditions, through analysis in scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The change of surface roughness was also analyzed after using the chemical agents. An in vitro study in which 70 covers (implant prototypes) was prepared for the bacteria culture, fixation of the bacterias; and then they were divided into 7 groups (n = 10), according to the surface treatment: AF180- application of phosphoric acid (FA) for 180 seconds; AF90- AF for 90 seconds; EDTA180 - EDTA for 180 seconds; EDTA90 - EDTA for 90 seconds; AC180 - citric acid for 180 seconds; AC90 -AC for 90 seconds; Control - RAR. The comparative analysis of the degree of bacterial contamination was performed using Kruskal-Wallis non parametric test; and changes of surface roughness were analyzed by ANOVA two criteria, post-test Dunnett. Through this method, this work suggests that treatment of titanium contaminated surfaces by means of EDTA gel solution employing 24% for 90 and 180 seconds and citric acid 50% for 180 seconds is effective for removing A. atinomycetencomitans. Moreover, treatment using EDTA for 90 to 180 seconds promotes significant change of surface roughness parameters, especially when compared to control groups and AF180, indicating that this treatment can result in additional acidic subtraction.

Effect of composite surface treatment and aging on the bond strength between a core build-up composite and a luting agent

Objective The purpose of this study was to assess the influence of conditioning methods and thermocycling on the bond strength between composite core and resin cement. Material and Methods Eighty blocks (8×8×4 mm) were prepared with core build-up composite. The cementation surface was roughened with 120-grit carbide paper and the blocks were thermocycled (5,000 cycles, between 5°C and 55°C, with a 30 s dwell time in each bath). A layer of temporary luting agent was applied. After 24 h, the layer was removed, and the blocks were divided into five groups, according to surface treatment: (NT) No treatment (control); (SP) Grinding with 120-grit carbide paper; (AC) Etching with 37% phosphoric acid; (SC) Sandblasting with 30 mm SiO2 particles, silane application; (AO) Sandblasting with 50 mm Al2O3 particles, silane application. Two composite blocks were cemented to each other (n=8) and sectioned into sticks. Half of the specimens from each block were immediately tested for microtensile bond strength (µTBS), while the other half was subjected to storage for 6 months, thermocycling (12,000 cycles, between 5°C and 55°C, with a dwell time of 30 s in each bath) and µTBS test in a mechanical testing machine. Bond strength data were analyzed by repeated measures two-way ANOVA and Tukey test (α=0.05). Results The µTBS was significantly affected by surface treatment (p=0.007) and thermocycling (p=0.000). Before aging, the SP group presented higher bond strength when compared to NT and AC groups, whereas all the other groups were statistically similar. After aging, all the groups were statistically similar. SP submitted to thermocycling showed lower bond strength than SP without thermocycling. Conclusion Core composites should be roughened with a diamond bur before the luting process. Thermocycling tends to reduce the bond strength between composite and resin cement. .

Reparo em resina composta - efeito do condicionamento ácido e dos sistemas adesivos / Composite resin repair - effect of acid etching and adhesive systems

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito do condicionamento ácido e do tipo de adesivo sobre a resistência de união de reparos em compósitos tratados com jato de óxido de alumínio. Foram confeccionados 60 discos com compósito, cor A2 (Filtek Z350 - 3M ESPE®), envelhecidos por seis meses em água. Após o polimento, as superfícies foram submetidas ao jato de óxido de alumínio (45 -jm) e distribuídas em seis grupos com dez espécimes cada um: G1: Adper Scotchbond Multi-Purpose (3M ESPE®), sem condicionamento ácido e sem "primer"; G2: Adper Scotchbond Multi-Purpose (3M ESPE®), após condicionamento com ácido fosfórico 37% e sem "primer"; G3: Adper Single Bond 2 (3M ESPE®), sem condicionamento ácido; G4: Adper Single Bond 2 (3M ESPE®), após condicionamento com ácido fosfórico 37%; G5: Adper Easy One (3M ESPE), sem condicionamento ácido e G6: Adper Easy One (3M ESPE®), após condicionamento com ácido fosfórico 37%. Os reparos foram confeccionados com o compósito Opallis (FGM®), cor A2. Após 24 horas os corpos de prova foram submetidos aos ensaios de cisalhamento (Instron - 0,5 mm/min). Os valores médios (MPa) após ANOVA2 e teste de Tukey e T de student (5%) foram: G1: 18,34 (6,73); G2: 16,49 (3,65); G3: 13,11 (3,64); G4: 19,86 (5,85); G5: 20,88 (4,82) e G6: 23,48 (4,36). O condicionamento com ácido fosfórico a 37% aumentou significativamente a resistência de união dos reparos confecciona¬dos com o sistema Adper Single Bond 2 (3M ESPE®) e não proporcionou aumento significativo na resistência de união dos reparos com os sistemas Adper Scotchbond Multi-Purpose (3M ESPE®) e Adper Easy One (3M ESPE®).

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of acid etching and type of adhesive on the bond strength of composite repairs treated with aluminum oxide. Sixty discs were fabricated with composite shade A2 (Filtek Z350 - 3M ESPE®), and aged for 6 months in water. After polishing, the surfaces were subjected to aluminum oxide treatment (45 pm) and divided into 6 groups with 10 specimens each: G1: Adper Sotchbond Multipurpose (ASM) (3M ESPE®) without etching and without primer, G2: Adper Sotchbond Multipurpose (ASM) (3M ESPE®) after etching with phosphoric acid 37% and without primer, G3: Adper Single Bond 2 (ASB) (3M ESPE®) without etching, G4: Adper Single Bond 2 (ASB) (3M ESPE®) after etching with phosphoric acid 37%, G5: Adper Easy One (AEO) (3M ESPE®) without etching, and G6: Adper Easy One (AEO) (3M ESPE®) after etching with phosphoric acid 37%. Repairs were made with the composite Opallis (FGM®), shade A2. After 24 hours the specimens were submitted to shear tests (Instron - 0.5 mm/min). Mean values (MPa) after ANOVA2, Tukey test and T stu¬dent (5%) were: G1: 18.34(6.73), G2: 16.49 (3.65), G3: 13.11 (3.64), G4: 19.86 (5.85), G5: 20.88 (4.82), and G6: 23.48 (4.36). The phosphoric acid at 37% significantly increased the bond strength of repair with the system ASB and did not increase the bond strength of repair with the systems ASM and AEO.

Enamel microabrasion as treatment of dental fluorosis in child - case report / Microabrasão do esmalte como tratamento da fluorose dentária em criança – relato de caso

Enamel microabrasion is an efficient method for treating fluorosis since it is a controlled non-invasive technique to remove surface stains promoting a minimum wear of the tooth structure. This paper aimed to report a case of stains removal on the upper incisors using the microabrasion technique. After detailed history taking, clinical examination and confirmation of the diagnosis of dental fluorosis, it was used a paste at 1:1 proportion of 37% phosphoric acid and pumice stone on the surface of the affected teeth. This technique can be used to re¬cover aesthetics of permanent teeth in children presenting opaque patches suggestive of fluorosis, being well accepted by the patient for being a conservative technique, easy to perform and fast, while presenting immediate aesthetic result that motivates the patient immediately.

Para o tratamento da fluorose dentária, a microabrasão do esmalte é um eficiente método para remover manchas superficiais, por consistir em uma técnica controlada e não invasiva promovendo uma quantidade mínima de desgaste da estrutura dentária. Este trabalho tem como objetivo relatar um caso clínico de remoção dessas manchas nos incisivos permanentes superiores utilizando a técnica de microabrasão. Após anamnese e exame clínico minucioso e confirmação do diagnóstico de fluorose dentária, foi empregada uma pasta de ácido fosfórico a 37% e pedra pomes numa proporção de 1:1 com ponta abrasiva na superfície dos dentes afetados. Esta técnica de microabrasão pode ser utilizada para a recuperação estética de dentes permanentes em crianças que apresentam manchas opacas sugestivas de fluorose, sendo bem aceita pelo paciente infantil por ser uma técnica conservadora, de fácil execução e rápida, além de apresentar um resultado estético imediato que motiva o paciente.

Influência do clareamento dental na resistência da união de braquetes cerâmicos / Influence of dental bleaching on the bond strength of ceramic brackets

O objetivo neste estudo foi avaliar a influência do clareamentodentário sobre a resistência da união de braquetes ortodônticos decerâmica ao esmalte. Os dentes foram aleatoriamente separados emtrês grupos (n=20), sendo: Grupo 1(controle): os dentes não receberamnenhum tipo de agente clareador; Grupo 2: os dentes foram clareados ea colagem realizada 24 horas após o término do clareamento; Grupo 3:os dentes foram clareados e a colagem foi realizada sete dias apóso término do clareamento. Para o clareamento dentário dos Grupos 2e 3, foi utilizado o gel clareador Whitness HP Blue com cálcio a 35%- peróxido de hidrogênio 35%. Utilizou-se o agente clareador após aaplicação do dessensibilizante Dessensibilize a 2% KF,que foi mantidopor dez minutos. Para a colagem, os dentes foram condicionados porácido fosfórico 37% e fixados com o sistema adesivo Transbond XT.Foram utilizados braquetes de cerâmica fotoativados por 40 segundos.Após 24 horas, os corpos-de-prova foram submetidos ao teste decisalhamento com velocidade de compressão de 1 mmjminuto. Osdados foram submetidos à análise de Kruskal-Wallis e ao teste de Tukey(p < 0,05). Houve diferença significativa entre o grupo controle e ogrupo clareado e colado após 24 horas (p < 0,05), entretanto, o grupocolado após sete dias não diferiu significativamente dos demais grupos(p > 0,05). O índice de remanescente adesivo mostrou predominânciade escore 3, em que toda resina permaneceu aderida ao dente. Portanto,concluiu-se que após o clareamento dentário é indicado esperar,no mínimo, sete dias para a colagem dos braquetes ortodônticos.

The aim in this study as to evaluate the influence of dentalbleaching on the bond strength of ceramic brackets to enamel. The teethwere separated in three groups (n=20). Group 1 (control group): theteeth did not receive any bleaching agent; Group 2: the brackets werebonded 24 hours after dental bleaching; Group 3: the brackets werebonded seven days after dental bleaching. For the dental bleaching ofgroups 2 and 3 it was used Whitness HP Blue 35% with calcium (35%hydrogen peroxide). The bleaching agent was used after the applicationof the Desensitizer 2% KF, which was kept for ten minutes. For thebracket bonding, the teeth were conditioned by 37% phosphoric acidand fixed with the adhesive system Transbond XT. Ceramic bracketswere light activated for 40 seconds. After 24 hours the specimens weresubmitted to the shear bond strength test with a compression speedof 1 mmjminute. The data was submitted to the Kruskal-Wallis analysisand the Tukey test (p < 0.05). There was significant difference betweenthe control group and the group bleached and bonded after 24 hours(p < 0.05). However, the group bonded after seven days did not differsignificantly from the other groups (p > 0.05). The adhesive remnantindex showed a predominance of score 3, in which ali resin remainedattached to the tooth. Therefore, it is recommended to wait at leastseven days before bonding orthodontic brackets.

Adhesive bonding of resin composite to various titanium surfaces using different metal conditioners and a surface modification system

Objective: This study evaluated the effect of three metal conditioners on the shear bond strength (SBS) of a prosthetic composite material to cpTi grade I having three surface treatments. Material and Methods: One hundred sixty eight rivet-shaped specimens (8.0x2.0 mm) were cast and subjected to polishing (P) or sandblasting with either 50 mm (50SB) or 250 mm (250SB) Al2O3. The metal conditioners Metal Photo Primer (MPP), Cesead II Opaque Primer (OP), Targis Link (TL), and one surface modification system Siloc (S), were applied to the specimen surfaces, which were covered with four 1-mm thick layers of resin composite. The resin layers were exposed to curing light for 90 s separately. Seven specimens from each experimental group were stored in water at 37ºC for 24 h while the other 7 specimens were subjected to 5,000 thermal cycles consisting of water baths at 4ºC and 60ºC (n=7). All specimens were subjected to SBS test (0.5 mm/min) until failure occurred, and further 28 specimens were analyzed using scanning electron microscope (SEM) and X-ray energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). Data were analyzed by 3-way ANOVA followed by post-hoc Tukey's test (α=0.05). Results: On 50SB surfaces, OP groups showed higher SBS means than MPP (P<0.05), while no significant difference was found among OP, S, and TL groups. On 250SB surfaces, OP and TL groups exhibited higher SBS than MPP and S (P<0.05). No significant difference in SBS was found between OP and TL groups nor between MPP and S groups. The use of conditioners on 250SB surfaces resulted in higher SBS means than the use of the same products on 50SB surfaces (P<0.05). Conclusion: Sandblasting associated with the use of metal conditioners improves SBS of resin composites to cpTi. .

Microabrasion technique for enamel with fluorosis: a case report utilizing two distinct pastes / Técnicas de microabrasão no esmalte com fluorose: relato de caso clínico utilizando duas diferentes pastas

A técnica de microabrasão do esmalte é considerada uma alternativa conservadora e efetiva para remoção de manchas e irregularidades superficiais do esmalte e diferentes pastas podem ser usadas para essa finalidade. Objetivo: O objetivo desse estudo foi comparar a eficácia da técnica de microabrasão do esmalte com fluorose utilizando duas diferentes pastas. Material e Métodos: Paciente, gênero feminino, 18 anos de idade, foi submetida ao tratamento de microabrasão do esmalte, sendo que na arcada superior direita foi manipulada e aplicada a pasta à base de pedra-pomes (SSWhite) e ácido fosfórico a 37% (Alpha Etch, DFL) na proporção de 1:1 e na arcada superior esquerda uma pasta à base de ácido hidroclorídrico a 6,6% e óxido de silício (Micropol, DMC Equipamentos Ltda). Nas duas hemi-arcadas foi realizado o mesmo protocolo clínico por três vezes, sendo que a aplicação da pasta foi de 1 mm de espessura e a realização da microabrasão se deu por fricção mecânica com taça de borracha acoplada em baixa rotação por 10 s. Em seguida os dentes foram polidos com disco de feltro e pasta diamantada e aplicado flúor tópico APF 1,23% por 3 min. Resultados: Os resultados clínicos foram similares em ambas arcadas, independente da pasta utilizada. O sucesso na remoção de manchas no esmalte está dieretamente relacionada com o correto diagnóstico e a precisa indicação da técnica de microabrasão. Conclusões: Foi possível concluir que a as duas diferentes pastas utilizadas para a microabrasão do esmalte foram efetivas na remoção de machas intrínsecas por fluorose com resultados similares e com o restabelecimento estético dos dentes envolvidos.

The technique of enamel microabrasion is considered an aesthetic alternative conservative and effective for stain removal or surface irregularities of the enamel and different materials or pastes can be used for this purpose Objetives: The objective of this study was to compare the efficiency of the technique of enamel microabrasion using two different pastes at removing hypoplastic stains by fluorosis. Methods: The female patient, 18 years, was submitted to enamel microabrasion, and in the right half of the maxilla was manipulated in the proportion of 1:1 by volume a paste of pumice (SSWhite) and 37% phosphoric acid (Etch Alpha, DFL), and in the left half of the maxilla used paste based on hydrochloric acid and 6.6% silicon carbide (Micropol, DMC Equipment Ltd.). In both hemi-arches was performed the same clinical protocol and repeated three times, by the application of 1.0 mm thickness of paste and realized the enamel microabrasion through mechanical friction with rubber cup at low speed for 10 s. Then, the teeth were polished with felt disc and diamond paste, and topical fluoride APF 1.23% for 3 min was applied. Results: The clinical outcome was similar for both hemi-arches, regardless of the used technique. The success in removing stains on tooth enamel is directly related to a correct diagnosis and accurate indication of microabrasion technique. Conclusions: It can be concluded that the two pastes used in the enamel microabrasion were effective for removing intrinsic stains from fluorosis, with similar results and with the re-establishment of aesthetics of the teeth involved.

Effect of phosphoric acid etching on the shear bond strength of two self-etch adhesives

Objective: To evaluate the effect of optional phosphoric acid etching on the shear bond strength (SBS) of two self-etch adhesives to enamel and dentin. Material and Methods: Ninety-six bovine mandibular incisors were ground flat to obtain enamel and dentin substrates. A two-step self-etch adhesive (FL-Bond II) and a one-step self-etch adhesive (BeautiBond) were applied with and without a preliminary acid etching to both the enamel and dentin. The specimens were equally and randomly assigned to 4 groups per substrate (n=12) as follows: FL-Bond II etched; FL-Bond II un-etched; BeautiBond etched; BeautiBond un-etched. Composite cylinders (Filtek Z100) were bonded onto the treated tooth structure. The shear bond strength was evaluated after 24 hours of storage (37°C, 100% humidity) with a testing machine (Ultra-tester) at a speed of 1 mm/min. The data was analyzed using a two-way ANOVA and post-hoc Tukey's test with a significance level of p<0.05. A field emission scanning electron microscope was used for the failure mode analysis. Results: Both adhesives evidenced a significant decrease in the dentin SBS with the use of an optional phosphoric acid-etching step (p<0.05). Preliminary phosphoric acid etching yielded significantly higher enamel SBS for FL-Bond II (p<0.05) only, but not for BeautiBond. FL-Bond II applied to un-etched dentin demonstrated the highest mean bond strength (37.7±3.2 MPa) and BeautiBond applied to etched dentin showed the lowest mean bond strength (18.3±6.7 MPa) among all tested groups (p<0.05). Conclusion: The use of a preliminary acid-etching step with 37.5% phosphoric acid had a significant adverse effect on the dentin bond strength of the self-etch adhesives evaluated while providing improvement on the enamel bond strength only for FL-Bond II. This suggests that the potential benefit that may be derived from an additional etching step with phosphoric acid does not justify the risk of adversely affecting the bond strength to dentin.

Influência de diferentes ácidos fosfóricos na adesão ao esmalte / Influence of different phosphoric acids in enamel adhesion

The aim of this study was to evaluate in vitro the shear bond strength of a composite resin after acid etching with phosphoric acid 37% with and without chlorhexidine. Thirty bovine incisors were divided into two groups (n = 15), according to the type of acid etching applied in enamel – G1 (phosphoric acid 37%) and G2 (phosphoric acid 37% with chlorhexidine 2%). The conditioning of the surface followed the manufacturers’ recommendations; after this step, there was the application of adhesive and the insertion of composite resin in a rubber matrix with a center hole of 4 mm. The specimens were submitted to analysis of shear strength in a Shimadzu AGS-X Universal Testing Machine with crosshead speed of 1 mm/min and the values measured in MPa. After the test, the Adhesive Remnant Index (ARI) was assessed. Data were analyzed by descriptive and inferential statistics, adopting a significance level of 5%. The mean shear strength reported for the two groups were, respectively, 12.02 MPa and 11.86 MPa (unpaired t-test; p-value > 0.05). As for the ARI, the most frequent scores for G1 and G2 were 3 and 5, with no statistically significant difference between groups (Mann-Whitney test; p-value > 0.05). Under the experimental conditions of the study, we conclude that the addition of chlorhexidine to phosphoric acid 37% did not affect the bond strength to the enamel surface nor the type of failure found.

O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar in vitro a resistência ao cisalhamento de uma resina composta após condicionamento com ácido fosfórico 37% com e sem clorexidina. Trinta incisivos bovinos foram divididos em dois grupos (n = 15) de acordo com o tipo de ataque ácido aplicado ao esmalte – G1 (ácido fosfórico a 37%) e G2 (ácido fosfórico 37% com clorexidina a 2%). O condicionamento da superfície obedeceu às recomendações dos fabricantes e, em seguida a esta etapa, realizou-se a aplicação do adesivo e procedeu-se a inserção da resina composta em matriz de borracha com orifício central de 4 mm. Os corpos de prova foram submetidos ao teste de resistência ao cisalhamento em máquina de ensaios mecânicos Shimadzu com velocidade de carga de 1mm/min e os valores registrados em MPa. Após o ensaio, foi observado o Índice de Remanescente Adesivo (IRA). Os dados foram analisados por estatística descritiva e inferencial, adotando-se nível de signifi cância de 5%. A média da resistência ao cisalhamento registrada para os dois grupos foi, respectivamente, 12,02 MPa e 11,86 MPa (teste t não pareado; p-valor> 0,05). Quanto ao IRA, os escores mais frequentes para G1 e G2 foram 3 e 5, não sendo observada diferença estatisticamente significante (Teste Mann-Whitney; p-valor>0,05). Nas condições experimentais do estudo, conclui-se que a adição de clorexidina ao ácido fosfórico 37% não interferiu na resistência de união à superfície do esmalte nem no tipo de fratura encontrado.

Efeitos do tratamento químico na descontaminação de superfícies de implantes metálicos: estudo microscópico em subcutâneos de ratos / Effects of chemical treatment of surfaces in decontamination of metallic implants: microscopic study in subcutaneous rats

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito do tratamento químico com ácido cítrico, tetraciclina, EDTA e ácido fosfórico em discos de titânio de superfícies lisas e rugosas, após serem contaminados por biofilme bacteriano humano, e inseridos no tecido conjuntivo subcutâneo de ratos. Utilizou-se 180 discos de titânio, sendo 90 lisos e 90 rugosos, que foram colocados em 19 placas de acrílico utilizadas por voluntários durante 7 dias. Estes discos foram divididos em 12 grupos contendo 15 discos cada um: Grupo 1L: 15 discos lisos tratados com ácido cítrico; Grupo 1R: 15 discos rugosos tratados com ácido cítrico; Grupo 2L: 15 discos lisos tratados com tetraciclina ácida; Grupo 2R: 15 discos rugosos tratados com tetraciclina ácida; Grupo 3L: 15 discos lisos tratados com EDTA; Grupo 3R: 15 discos rugosos tratados com EDTA; Grupo 4L: 15 discos lisos tratados com ácido fosfórico; Grupo 4R: 15 discos rugosos tratados com ácido fosfórico; Grupo CL: 15 discos lisos que não receberam descontaminação (controle positivo liso); Grupo CR: 15 discos rugosos que não receberam descontaminação (controle positivo rugoso); Grupo EL: 15 discos lisos que não foram contaminados (controle negativo liso) e Grupo ER: 15 discos rugosos que não foram contaminados (controle negativo rugoso). Estes discos foram implantados no subcutâneo de ratos, os quais foram sacrificados após 7, 28 ou 84 dias. Foi realizada a avaliação microscópica descritiva e quantitativa do tecido conjuntivo formado nestes ratos. Foram avaliadas as médias das espessuras das cápsulas, a densidade de fibroblastos e de neutrófilos nos 3 períodos de tempo. Os resultados mostraram diferença na densidade de neutrófilos principalmente aos 7 dias e o ácido fosfórico mostrou os melhores resultados neste período, e ao final de 84 dias todos os tratamentos apresentaram resultados similares inclusive com relação ao grupo controle contaminado. Com relação à rugosidade os discos de superfícies lisas, apresentaram menor média...

The purpose of this investigation was to evaluate the effects of treatment with citric acid, tetracycline, EDTA and phosphoric acid in titanium disks in smooth and roughened surfaces contaminated by bacterial biofilms in the connective tissue of rats. One hundred eighty titanium disks were used; 90 smooth surfaces and 90 roughened titanium surfaces, which were placed in 19 acrylic plates that were used by volunteers for 7 days. These disks were divided into 12 groups containing 15 disks each; Group 1L: 15 smooth disks were treated with citric acid; Group 1R: 15 roughened disks were treated with citric acid; Group 2L: 15 smooth disks were treated with tetracycline acid; Group 2R: 15 roughened disks were treated with tetracycline rough acid; Group 3L: 15 smooth disks were treated with EDTA; Group 3R: 15 roughened disks were treated with EDTA; Group 4L: 15 smooth disks were treated with phosphoric acid; Group 4R: 15 roughened disks were treated with phosphoric acid; Group CL: 15 smooth disks received no econtamination (smooth positive control); CR: 15 roughened disks did not receive decontamination (roughened positive control); EL: 15 smooth disks were not infected (smooth negative control) and ER: 15 roughened disks were not infected (roughened negative control). These disks were implanted subcutaneously in rats that were sacrificed after 7, 28 or 84 days. A descriptive and quantitative microscopic evaluation was performed. The average thickness of the capsules and the density of fibroblasts and neutrophils in three time periods were evaluated. The results showed differences in the density of neutrophilis mainly at 7 days and phosphoric acid showed the best results in this period, and at the end of 84 days, all treatments showed similar results even with the control group infected. In relation to the roughness, the smooth disks had a lower average capsule thickness compared with roughened disks, perhaps demonstrating an aspect of greater ....