Os efeitos da suplementação de ACR sobre a fadiga no exercício de endurance / The effects of ACR supplementation on fatigue in endurance exercise

Nove são os aminoácidos considerados essenciais ao organismo, ou seja, necessitam ser adquiridos através da dieta. Dentre eles a Isoleucina, Leucina e Valina são consideradas de cadeia ramificada (ACR). Supõe-se que esses aminoácidos estejam envolvidos no processo de fadiga central, aumentando a performance do indivíduo. O presente estudo tem como objetivo identificar os efeitos da suplementação de Branched Chained Amino Acids (BCAA) sobre o estado de fadiga em exercícios de endurance. Foi realizada uma pesquisa bibliográfica a partir dos artigos publicados junto ao banco de dados Bireme, Lilacs, Scielo, Google Acadêmico e livros. Conclui-se que não há evidências científicas que comprovam os efeitos dos ACR na diminuição da fadiga central em exercícios de endurance, apenas na diminuição da incidência de lesão muscular

Nine amino acids are considered essential to the organism, so, need to be acquired from the diet. Among them Isoleucine, Leucine and Valine are considered branched-chain (BCAA). It is assumed that these amino acids are involved in the central fatigue process, increasing the performance of the individual. This study aims to identify the effects of supplementation of Branched Chained Amino Acids (BCAA) on the state of fatigue in endurance exercise. A literature search from articles published was carried out by the Bireme database, Lilacs, Scielo, Google Scholar and books. We conclude that there is no scientific evidence to prove the effects of BCAA in decreased central fatigue in endurance exercise, only in reducing the incidence of muscle injury

Evaluation of protein undernourishment on the condylar process of the Wistar rat mandible correlation with insulin receptor expression

The mandible condylar process cartilage (CP) of Wistar rats is a secondary cartilage and acts as a mandibular growth site. This phenomenon depends on adequate proteins intake and hormone actions, including insulin. Objectives The present study evaluated the morphological aspects and the expression of the insulin receptor (IR) in the cartilage of the condylar process (CP) of rats subjected to protein undernourishment. Material and Methods The nourished group received a 20% casein diet, while the undernourished group (U) received a 5% casein diet. The re-nourished groups, R and RR, were used to assess the effects of re-nutrition during puberty and adulthood, respectively. CPs were processed and stained with picro-sirius red, safranin-O and azocarmine. Scanning electron microscopy and immunohistochemistry were also performed. Results The area of the CP cartilage and the number of cells in the chondroblastic layer decreased in the U group, as did the thickness of the CP layer in the joint and hypertrophic layer. Renourishment during the pubertal stage, but not during the adult phase, restored these parameters. The cell number was restored when re-nutrition occurred in the pubertal stage, but not in the adult phase. The extracellular matrix also decreased in the U group, but was restored by re-nutrition during the pubertal stage and further increased in the adult phase. IR expression was observed in all CPs, being higher in the chondroblastic and hypertrophic cartilage layers. The lowest expression was found in the U and RR groups. Conclusions Protein malnutrition altered the cellularity, the area, and the fibrous cartilage complex, as well as the expression of the IRs. .

Efeito do β -hidroxi- β -metilbutirato sobre os músculos da mastigação e desenvolvimento e crescimento craniofacial de ratos / Effect of β -hydroxy- β -methylbutyrate on masticatory muscles and craniofacial growth and development of rats

Atualmente está aumentando o número de pessoas que usam suplementos nutricionais com a finalidade de obter melhores resultados nas suas atividades esportivas, perda de gordura, ganhos de massa muscular, ou na plasticidade do corpo. Tal fato merece atenção porque muito pouco é conhecido sobre a segurança ou eficácia destes produtos, e apenas 14% dos usuários buscam orientações com profissional da saúde sobre o uso destas substâncias. Dos mais de 200 suplementos que prometem estes efeitos apenas as suplementações de creatina HMB produzem os resultados prometidos, e o Comitê Olímpico qualifica o uso do HMB como legal. Embora a literatura atual mostre os benefícios no uso da suplementação com HMB, são poucas as informações sobre o seu efeito na morfofisiologia das fibras musculares como, por exemplo, o perfil histoenzimológico e a área dos diferentes tipos de fibras musculares. Baseado nestas informações pensou-se na realização desde trabalho para verificar se o uso de HMB provoca alterações morfológicas e histoenzimológicas nas fibras musculares dos músculos da mastigação; se estes efeitos alterariam o desenvolvimento e crescimento do esqueleto craniofacial; e se os efeitos sobre os componentes do sistema estomatognático seriam semelhantes nos indivíduos ambos os gêneros. Para realização deste estudo foram utilizados 58 ratos com idade de 60 dias, 29 animais de cada gênero, distribuídos nos seguintes grupos: Grupo Controle Inicial (GCI) que foram sacrificados no inicio do experimento; Grupo Controle Placebo (GCP) que receberam o mesmo volume do veículo do grupo experimental, e alimentação ad libitum; Grupo Experimental (GE) que receberam diariamente 0,3g/kg de HMB, por meio de gavagem e mesma quantidade de alimentos que GCP consumiu no dia anterior; Grupo Experimental Ad libitum (GEA) que receberam a mesma dose da droga, porém tiveram alimentação ad libitum. Após o tratamento, foram retiradas amostras dos músculos digástrico (ventre anterior) e masseter...

Nowadays is increasing the number of people who use nutritional supplements in order to achieve better results in their sports, fat loss, muscle gains, or the plasticity of the body. This deserves attention because very little is known about the safety or efficacy of such products, and only 14% of users seeking guidance with a health professional regarding the use of these substances. Of the more than 200 supplements that promise these effects only the HMB and creatine supplementation produce the promised effects, and the Olympic Committee qualifies the use of HMB as legal. While the literature shows benefits in the use of HMB supplementation, there is little information on its effect on muscle fibers morphophysiology as, for example, the profile and the area histoenzimológico of different types of muscle fibers. Based on this information, it was thought in performing this work to check whether the use of HMB causes morphological and histoenzimológicas changes in muscle fibers of the muscles of mastication, these effects alter the growth and development of craniofacial skeleton, and if the effects on the components of stomatognathic system would be similar in both genders individuals. For this study we used 58 rats aged 60 days, 29 animals of each gender, divided into four groups: Control Group Home (GCI) which were sacrificed at the beginning of the experiment; Placebo Control Group (GCP) that received the same volume Vehicle experimental group, and fed ad libitum; Experimental Group (EG) which received daily 0.3 g / kg of HMB, by gavage and the same amount of food they consumed on the previous day GCP; experimental group ad libitum (GEA) who received the same dose of the drug, but were fed ad libitum. After treatment, samples were taken of the digastric (anterior belly) and masseter (superficial part) for analysis histoenzimologic (m-ATPase with pre-incubations acid and alkaline) and removal of the head skeleton to taken the craniometric measures...

Remoção químico-mecânica da cárie dental com o uso de CarisolvTM: [revisão] / Chemomechanical caries removal using CarisolvTM: [review]

Introdução: a Odontologia vem aprimorando as técnicas de remoção do tecido cariado, visando facilitar a rotina clínica. Um desses avanços foi a introdução de mecanismos para a remoção químico-mecânica da cárie dental. Tradicionalmente, a remoção do tecido cariado tem sido realizada por meio de métodos mecânicos, como a utilização de instrumentos cortantes rotatórios e manuais que embora tenham se mostrado efetivos, apresentam desvantagens como a dor e eventual remoção de tecido sadio. Objetivo: estudar as vantagens e as desvantagens da técnica operatória de um método químico-mecânico quando se utiliza o produto CarisolvTM, bem como conhecer a sua composição e o seu mecanismo de ação. Conclusão: a remoção de tecido cariado com o CarisolvTM promove tanto a eliminação de S.mutans quanto a de Lactobacillus, entretanto é um processo controverso no que tange a sua eficácia e a ausência de dor visto que, eventualmente, é necessário o uso de instrumentos cortantes rotatórios para complementar a remoção de tecido cariado, possui um custo elevado e consome um maior tempo clínico quando comparado à remoção mecânica da cárie dental.

Introduction: dentistry is improving techniques for caries removal, intending to facilitate the clinical routine. Such advancement was the introduction of chemical-mechanical caries removal mechanisms. Traditionally, the carious lesion removal has been held by mechanical methods such as the use of rotary and manual cutting tools, which have been shown effective nevertheless, have disadvantages as pain and eventual removal of healthy tissue. Aim: study the advantages and disadvantages of a chemical-mechanical surgical technique when using the product CarisolvTM and know its composition and its acting mechanism. Conclusion: caries removal with CarisolvTM promotes both S.mutans as Lactobacillus elimination. In the meantime is a controversial process with regard to its effectiveness and pain absence because, eventually, it is necessary to use rotary cutting tools to complement the caries removal, has a high cost and consumes a larger clinical time when compared to dental caries mechanical removal.

Effect of carisolv and papacárie on theresin-dentin bond strength in sound andcaries-affected primary molars

Aim: This study evaluated the influence of different chemomechanical caries removal techniqueson the bond strength of an adhesive system to caries-affected and healthy dentin. Methods:Thirty healthy teeth were randomly divided into three groups: Group 1 (control): no cariesremoval technique was applied; Group 2: chemomechanical technique using Carisolv®; andGroup 3: chemomechanical technique using Papacárie®Twenty caries-affected teeth were divided .into two groups: Group 4: chemomechanical technique using Carisolv; and Group 5:chemomechanical technique using Papacárie. The teeth received the application of an etch-andrinse adhesive system, were restored with composite resin, and then sectioned to obtain 4 hourglassshaped slabs from each specimen, which were subjected to a microtensile bond strength test. Datawere analyzed statistically by ANOVA and Tukey’s test (a=0.05). Results: G1 (13.387 ± 6.1074),G2 (18.123 ± 3.2611) and G3 (12.781 ± 4.5652) presented statistically significant higher meanbond strength values than the other groups (p<0.05), but did not differ significantly from each other(p>0.05). G4 (6.228 ± 5.3435) and G5 (6.482 ± 3.2076) presented the lowest mean bondstrength values and were statistically similar to each other (p>0.05). Conclusions: Neither of thechemomechanical caries removal methods interfered in the resin-dentin bond strength. However,lower tensile bond strength was found to caries-affected dentin.