Evaluating clinical and laboratory effects of ozone in non-surgical periodontal treatment: a randomized controlled trial

Abstract Objective: This study aims to evaluate the clinical and biochemical (oxidative stress and pro-inflammatory mediators) effects of the gaseous ozone use accompanied by scaling and root planning (SRP) in periodontal treatment. Material and Methods: The study population consisted of 40 patients with chronic periodontitis (CP) randomly sorted into two groups of 20. The experimental group received SRP plus 3 watts gaseous ozone in two separate applications five days apart, whereas the control group received SRP plus placebo. Clinical periodontal parameters were assayed and saliva samples were taken before the initial and one month after the second treatment. Periodontal examination assessed plaque index (PI), gingival index (GI), probing depth, and clinical attachment level (CAL). Total antioxidant status (TAS), total oxidant status (TOS), nitric oxide (NO), 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), myeloperoxidase (MPO), glutathione (GSH), malondialdehyde (MDA), and transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) levels were evaluated from saliva samples. Results: Changes following treatment in PI, GI, probing depth, and CAL scores were similar for both groups (p>0.05). Of note, TGF-β levels were observed to be higher in the treatment group than in controls (p<0.05). Changes in 8-OHdG, TAS, TOS, NO, MPO, GSH and MDA levels, however, were not significantly different between groups (p>0.05). Conclusion: The findings of this study indicate that SRP plus gaseous ozone versus SRP alone does not correlate to a significant improvement in periodontal recovery.

Estratégias para realização de clareamento e restaurações adesivas em sessão única ­ relato de casos / Strategies to perform bleaching and adhesive restoration in one session ­ cases report

Tratamentos estéticos com demanda por excelência são corriqueiros nas clínicas odontológicas especializadas, sendo cada vez mais procurados e realizados em sessão única de tratamento. Esses procedimentos com sessão única podem ser indicados por imediatismo, urgência dos pacientes ou pela indisponibilidade de locomoção, uma vez que muitos pacientes buscam tratamentos especializados em cidades distantes de suas residências. O presente relato de dois casos clínicos descreve as técnicas e estratégias de tratamento para realização do clareamento dentário e de restaurações adesivas na mesma sessão, por meio da utilização de agentes antioxidantes. O clareamento em consultório foi realizado com gel de peróxido de hidrogênio 35% (Lase peróxido de Flex, DMC), ativado com LED (Laser BrightMax Quattro, MMO). Em função da presença de íons oxigênio na matriz do esmalte e dentina após o clareamento dental, esses íons podem inibir a adequada polimerização dos sistemas adesivos e da resina composta, comprometendo o procedimento restaurador. Sendo água bicarbonatada (Neutralize, Lase peróxido Flex Kit, DMC) aplicada para remover o oxigênio residual, após preparo cavitário e antes do condicionamento ácido e aplicação do adesivo. As restaurações foram realizadas com técnica incremental e resina composta cor A2/B2 de dentina (NG brilhante, Coltene) e A1/B1 de esmalte (NG brilhante, Coltene). Os procedimentos de acabamento e polimento também foram realizados na mesma sessão. Após 3 meses de controle foi possível observar, que em ambos os casos, o tratamento estético obteve bastante sucesso, sem qualquer deterioração visível da interface resina-esmalte (AU).

Aesthetic treatments with demand for excellence are commonplace in specialized dental clinics, increasingly popular and performed in a single treatment session. These procedures performed in a single session may be indicated by immediacy, patients urgency or unavailability of transportation, since many patients seek specialized treatment in cities far away from their homes. This report of two cases describes treatment techniques and strategies to perform dental bleaching and adhesive restorations in the same session through the use of antioxidants. Bleaching was carried out in-office with 35% hydrogen peroxide gel (Lase Peroxide Flex, DMC), activated with LED (Laser BrightMax Quattro, MMO). Due to the presence of oxygen ions in the enamel matrix and dentin after bleaching, these ions can inhibit the proper polymerization of the adhesive systems and composite resin, compromising the restorative procedure. Bicarbonated water (Neutralize, Lase Peroxide Flex Kit, DMC) is applied to remove residual oxygen after cavity preparation and before the acid etching and adhesive application. Restorations were performed with incremental technique and composite dentin color A2/B2 (bright NG, Coltene) and A1/B1 enamel (bright NG, Coltene). Finishing and polishing procedures were also performed in the same session. After 3 months, it was observed that in both cases, the aesthetic treatment achieved great success without any visible deterioration of the resin/enamel interface (AU).

Effect of sumac extract on serum oxidative status, RANKL/OPG system and alveolar bone loss in experimental periodontitis in rats

Objectives Sumac (Rhus coriaria L.) is widely used spice which has several properties such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial. The purpose of this animal study was to evaluate the effects of sumac extract on levels of receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappa B ligand (RANKL), osteoprotegerin (OPG) expression, serum oxidative status, and alveolar bone loss in experimental periodontitis. Material and Methods Twenty-four Wistar rats were separated into three groups: non-ligated (NL, n=8), ligature only (LO, n=8), and ligature and treated with sumac extract (S, n=8) (20 mg/kg per day for 11 days). A 4/0 silk suture was placed around the mandibular right first molars subgingivally; after 11 days, the rats were sacrificed, and alveolar bone loss was histometrically measured. The detection of RANKL and OPG were immunohistochemically performed. Levels of serum total antioxidant status (TAS)/total oxidant status (TOS), and oxidative stress index (OSI) were also analyzed. Results Alveolar bone loss was significantly greater in the LO group compared to the S and NL groups (p<0.05). The number of inflammatory cell infiltrate (ICI) and osteoclasts in the LO group was significantly higher than that of the NL and S groups (p<0.05). The number of osteoblasts in the LO and S groups was significantly higher than that of the NL group (p<0.05). There were significantly more RANKL-positive cells in the LO group than in the S and NL groups (p<0.05). OPG-positive cells were higher in S group than in LO and NL groups (p<0.05). TOS and OSI levels were significantly reduced in S group compared to LO group (P<0.05) and TAS levels were similar in S and NL group (p>0.05). Conclusions The present study showed that systemic administration of sumac extract may reduce alveolar bone loss by affecting RANKL/OPG balance, TOS and OSI levels in periodontal disease in rats. .

Efeito da ingestão crônica do fluoreto sobre o sistema oxidante/antioxidante de ratos / Effect of chronic fluoride intake in the oxidant/antioxidant system of rats

A ingestão excessiva de fluoreto por um longo período de tempo pode resultar em fluorose, que pode causar manifestações dentárias e esqueléticas. Danos metabólicos, funcionais e estruturais causados pela fluorose crônica tem sido relatados em vários tecidos. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar os efeitos do fluoreto administrado na água de beber, da administração de fluoreto na água de beber na defesa antioxidante de ratos. Quatro grupos de ratos wistar foram usados (n=10/grupo). Os animais receberam água de beber contendo 0 (controle), 5, 15 ou 50 ppm de fluoreto durante 60 dias. Eles foram eutanasiados e os tecidos (fígado, rins e coração) e plasma foram coletados e homogenizados. Superóxido dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutationa peroxidase (GPx), glutationa reduzida (GSH), substâncias antioxidantes totais (SAT), substâncias reativas ao ácido tiobarbitúrico (TBARS), hidroperóxido de lipídios (HL) e fluoreto foram análisadas. Dados foram analisados por ANOVA e teste de Tukey ou Kruskal-Wallis e teste de Dunn (p<0,05). Nos rins, SOD, GPx, GSH e SAT diminuiram e fluoreto e HL aumentaram significantivamente. No fígado, CAT e TBARS diminuiram, SOD, HL e SAT aumentaram significativamente. No coração, GPx aumentou significativamente. No plasma, SOD e HL diminuiram significativamente. Em resumo, esses resultados mostram que a administração crônica de fluoreto altera o sistema antioxidante de ratos. Nosso dados sugerem que a exposição em níveis elevados de fluoreto, a conversão do ânion superóxido em água nos rins parecem ocorrer principalmente através da SOD e CAT, com baixa participação do sistema glutationa, diferindo do que parece ocorrer no fígado.

Excessive fluoride intake over a long period of time could result in fluorosis, which can lead to dental and skeletal manifestations. Metabolic, functional and structural damages caused by chronic fluorosis have been reported in many tissues. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of fluoride, administered in drinking water, in the antioxidant defense of rats. Four groups of Wistar rats were included (n=10/group). The animals received drinking water containing 0 (control), 5, 15 or 50 ppm of fluoride during 60 days. They were euthanized and the tissues (liver, kidney and heart) and plasma were collected and homogenized. Superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), reduced glutathione (GSH), antioxidants, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), lipid hydroperoxide (LH), and fluoride were analyzed. Data were analyzed by ANOVA and Tukeys test or Kruskal-Wallis and Dunns tests (p<0.05). In the kidney SOD, GPx, GSH and SAT decreased and fluoride and LH increased significantly. In the liver, CAT and TBARS decreased and fluoride, SOD, LH and SAT increased significantly. In the heart, GPx increased significantly. In the plasma, SOD and LH decreased significantly. In summary, these results show that chronic fluoride administration alters the antioxidant system of the rats. Our data suggest that upon exposure to high levels of fluoride, the conversion of the superoxide anion to water in the kidney seems to occur mainly through the SOD and CAT, with a low participation of the glutathione system, differing from what seems to occur in the liver.

Efeito da ingestão crônica do fluoreto sobre o sistema oxidante/antioxidante de ratos / Effect of chronic fluoride intake in the oxidant/antioxidant system of rats

A ingestão excessiva de fluoreto por um longo período de tempo pode resultar em fluorose, que pode causar manifestações dentárias e esqueléticas. Danos metabólicos, funcionais e estruturais causados pela fluorose crônica tem sido relatados em vários tecidos. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar os efeitos do fluoreto administrado na água de beber, da administração de fluoreto na água de beber na defesa antioxidante de ratos. Quatro grupos de ratos wistar foram usados (n=10/grupo). Os animais receberam água de beber contendo 0 (controle), 5, 15 ou 50 ppm de fluoreto durante 60 dias. Eles foram eutanasiados e os tecidos (fígado, rins e coração) e plasma foram coletados e homogenizados. Superóxido dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutationa peroxidase (GPx), glutationa reduzida (GSH), substâncias antioxidantes totais (SAT), substâncias reativas ao ácido tiobarbitúrico (TBARS), hidroperóxido de lipídios (HL) e fluoreto foram análisadas. Dados foram analisados por ANOVA e teste de Tukey ou Kruskal-Wallis e teste de Dunn (p<0,05). Nos rins, SOD, GPx, GSH e SAT diminuiram e fluoreto e HL aumentaram significantivamente. No fígado, CAT e TBARS diminuiram, SOD, HL e SAT aumentaram significativamente. No coração, GPx aumentou significativamente. No plasma, SOD e HL diminuiram significativamente. Em resumo, esses resultados mostram que a administração crônica de fluoreto altera o sistema antioxidante de ratos. Nosso dados sugerem que a exposição em níveis elevados de fluoreto, a conversão do ânion superóxido em água nos rins parecem ocorrer principalmente através da SOD e CAT, com baixa participação do sistema glutationa, diferindo do que parece ocorrer no fígado.

Excessive fluoride intake over a long period of time could result in fluorosis, which can lead to dental and skeletal manifestations. Metabolic, functional and structural damages caused by chronic fluorosis have been reported in many tissues. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of fluoride, administered in drinking water, in the antioxidant defense of rats. Four groups of Wistar rats were included (n=10/group). The animals received drinking water containing 0 (control), 5, 15 or 50 ppm of fluoride during 60 days. They were euthanized and the tissues (liver, kidney and heart) and plasma were collected and homogenized. Superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), reduced glutathione (GSH), antioxidants, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), lipid hydroperoxide (LH), and fluoride were analyzed. Data were analyzed by ANOVA and Tukeys test or Kruskal-Wallis and Dunns tests (p<0.05). In the kidney SOD, GPx, GSH and SAT decreased and fluoride and LH increased significantly. In the liver, CAT and TBARS decreased and fluoride, SOD, LH and SAT increased significantly. In the heart, GPx increased significantly. In the plasma, SOD and LH decreased significantly. In summary, these results show that chronic fluoride administration alters the antioxidant system of the rats. Our data suggest that upon exposure to high levels of fluoride, the conversion of the superoxide anion to water in the kidney seems to occur mainly through the SOD and CAT, with a low participation of the glutathione system, differing from what seems to occur in the liver.

Avaliação das alterações estruturais em esmalte submetido ao clarareamento com peróxido de hidrogênio a 35 / Evaluation of enamel structure changes when submitted to 35 hydrogen peroxide

O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar e classificar as alterações morfológicas sobre o esmalte de dentes humanos hígidos submetidos ao tratamento clareador com peróxido de hidrogênio a 35% em duas formas comerciais: (Whiteness HP-FGM) e farmácia de manipulação (PhD), com diferentes tempos de ação dos clareadores, através de análise em microscopia eletrônica de varredura (MEV). Este estudo também sugere uma nova metodologia para análise das alterações topográficas decorrentes dessa modalidade de tratamento. O agente clareador PhD apresentou diferença estatisticamente significante (p<0,001) produzindo os maiores valores ordinais quando comparado ao agente clareador FGM. Houve uma correlação positiva estatisticamente significante (p<0,001) entre ambos os agentes