Effect of silica and volcanic ash on the content of lung alveolar and tissue phospholipids

Silica or volcanic ash (VA) was administered to rats via intratracheal instillation and the changes in extracelular (i.e. lavage fluid) and tissue phospholipids, as well as various biochemical parameters, were monitored over a 6 month period. VA produced relatively minor (up tp 2.8-fold) increases in lung tissue or lavage fluid phospholipids that were maximal al 1 month postinstillation. These increases were quantitatively similar to the increases in protein and DNA content of lung tissue and lavage fluid induced by VA and, thus, may be attributable to hypercellularity and accumulation of cellular breakdown products in the alveolar lumen. Instillation of silica produced a much greater (up to 11 fold) increase than VA in total phospholipid over time, primarily due to a 14-fold increase in phosphatidylcholine (PC). The accumulation of PC was more pronounced in the lavage fluid during the first month following silica instillation, but thereafter progresses more rapidly in the lung tissue. The relatively small increased (1.3- to 3.5-fold) in other phospholipids induced by silica appeared to be nonspecific, since they did not differ greatly from the increases in lung weight, DNA and protein. Collectively, these results indicate that intratracheal instillation of silica induces selective accumulation of lung PC, implying enhanced synthesis and secretion of pulmonary surfactant from alveolar epithelial Type II cells into the lumen(AU)

Epidemiologic assessment of the risk for adverse pulmonary effects from persistent occupational exposures to Mount St. Helens's volcanic ash (TEPHRA)

Following the May 1980 eruption of Mount St. Helens's Volcano in the state of Washington. Laboratory studies were undertaken of the mineralogic nature and toxicologic actions of the ash. This paper addresses these studies by the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH). It then proceeds to describe the short-term findings of a cross-sectional, acute, and longitudinal health hazard evaluation of the effects of persistent occupational exposures to highly respirable volcanic ash. This unusual health hazard evaluation represents a cooperative effort by union management and government researcher