RESUMO
Failure to find any cases of vinyl chloride-induced cancer aoutside the heavily exposed reactor cleaner group calls into question the human relevance of predictive methods for carcinogenic potency. Potency estimates by six conventional routes are reviewed with special attention to the implication of each route for vinyl choride. New metabolic and mechanistic data are used to suggest a basis for the failure of "classical" risk assessment methods to provide accurate predictions for humans in this instance.(AU)
Assuntos
Carcinógenos , Neoplasias , Efeitos de Desastres na Saúde , Cloreto de Vinil , Saúde PúblicaRESUMO
A method is presented for the analysis of the risk of health effects caused by a combination of insults. The only restrictions arise from the finite set of funtions relating exposure parameters and the risk of effects. As an example, the incidences of oral and esophageal cancer in man are analysed as a function of alcohol and tabacco consumption. The properties of the solutions obtained are discussed, together with conclusions about the processes involved in the etiology of these cancers.(AU)
Assuntos
Substâncias Tóxicas , Efeitos de Desastres na Saúde , Carcinógenos , NeoplasiasRESUMO
Risk assessment is well accepted for those carcinogens for which there is human epidemiology. When there is only an animal biossay, or only toxicity data, the calculated risk is very uncertain. Many people reject the idea of calculating risks and suggest that anly a priority order is possible. But a risk still exists, however uncertain its calculation. A priority order based on uncertainty of information is different from one based on risk; yet it is the latter that is needed to improve public health.(AU)
