Rearmemos la vida de los niños y niñas: Guía para la familia

Ante la pérdida de un ser querido, de la casa y objetos apreciados, los niños y las niñas vivirán un duelo. La tarea de los adultos en este proceso es ser buenos acompañantes y saber darles el tiempo para recuperarse. Este documento brinda recomendaciones y consejos acerca de cómo se debe conversar y como se deben atender los niños y las niñas después de haber vivido una experiencia de este tipo.

Treatment approaches to child PTSD

Treatment techniques for psychic trauma in children are as yet at a very preliminary stage. No generally accepted research study has established one certain technique as standard. Possibilities for treatment of childhood post-traumatic stress disorders cluster into family, group, and individual treatments. Among the individual tretament modalitties available play therapy, psychodynamic psychotherapy, cognitive and behavioral therapies, and medication, hold the most promise. A combination of several of these treatments would, in most cases, be the best program available today (AU)

A typology for the classification of disasters : Implications for intervention

A model that can be used to plan for disaster intervention services in presented. The model, which is based upon an ability to classify disasters, presents four dichotomous categories for intervention : (1) psychotherapeutic vs. educational, (2) individual vs. systems, (3) prevention vs. treatment, and (4) direct vs. indirect. The article presents a rationale for determining which intervention, or combination, would be appropriate for any given disaster, based on its classification

Beyond emergency services : The continuing relationship maintenance program

We have presented a preliminary report of an inespensive antisuicide program for high-risk, chronically suicidal persons. This program, called "Continuing Relationship Maintenance" is based on recent advances in theory and practice, including new developments in the training and employment of paraprofessionals and volunteer workers. In addition this experimental program is being carried out within a methodologic framework designed to yield a direct evaluation of results in comparison to costs (AU)

Transcultural consultation on crisis intervention

The crisis intervention model offers a useful therapeutic tool to mental health personnel in societies different from our own and resistant to outside influences. As an immediate short-term method, it fits especially well with emergency mental health services. These services are often a priority in developing communities in the United States or elsewhere. patients there were subjects of medical treatment that provided kind and expert care. In an American Indian hospital, the organization was informal the procedures democratic, and the staff largely paraprofessional. Patients were highly respected as people and given as much opportunity for self-direction as could be arranged. In both settings, and presumably in many other, the fundamentals of crisis intervention could provide a viable addition to established mental health practices (AU)

Diagnosis and treatment of stress response syndromes : General principles

Clinical assessment of persons exposed to external stress events requires careful inquiry into both kinds of deflection from a homeostatic (or homeokinetic) state: extreme warding-off of the stress event and its implications, resulting in ideational denial and emotional numbing; and intrusive repetitiousness of memories and associations to the stress event, with pangs of painful feeling. Across groups of persons, there is a general tendency to denial first and the intrusion, in a progression of phasic responses to stress. Individuals will vary in the order of entry into such phases, time spent in a phase, degree of ascillation between phases, and specific manifestations during any phase. Treatment, in addition to orientation according to individual personality, should be phase-specific (AU)

Urban disaster : Victims of fire

If the premise of this chapter is accepted-that the recurrent fires in any large city constitute an urban disaster comparable to natural disaster-then adequate social provisions must be made for the victims.The demonstration project has emphasized environmental help plus a crisis service that encourages expression of feelings, gives reassurance, and supports such healthy ego defenses as control and mastery. A family-centered milieu has been created by an-site services and a mental health team. The program has often been at odds with local agency policies requiring conformity and encouraging passove dependence on regulations and repression of independent action. The multiplicity of approaches has included sytems analysis and concurrent political activity. The results of the project demonstrated to administrators in the public sector that a comprehensive program of disaster intervention could mobilize families to move more quickly and minimize aftershock (AU)

Redefining and preventing mental health emergencies in the schools

While counselors in this school had formerly spent their time and ability focusing only on curriculum-adsing and programing, they were constantly discomfited by student demands which revealed needs for other kinds of services. They passed this discomfiture in to themental health consultant by making "crisis referrals" of troublesome pupils.Specific techniques for the development of communication skills, social sensitivity and conflict resolution were added to their professional repertoires. Discrete aspects of learning theory and psychodrama were transposed from the clinical to the educational setting through the collaborative work of the consultants and the consultees (AU)