RESUMO
This section reports on impacts of the August 17, 1999 earthquake on water, power and gas utilities, based on field surveys conducted on August 24-25, 1999. Because services such as water and power are vital for the function of an urban region, they are referred to as lifelines. In general, lifelines performed well in this earthquake, especially the source and transmission elements. Distribution systems, however, were more severely damaged, especially the underground water system pipin in the high intensity areas
Assuntos
Terremotos , Abastecimento de Água , Eletricidade , Avaliação de Danos , Resposta Sísmica , TurquiaRESUMO
Modern societies heavily rely on electric power. These societies suffer functional damage due to power outage when natural disasters such as earthquakes and typhoons strike. As the first step for developing a new methodology for estimating the effects of power outage on city functions considering the characteristics of the area, and time and duration of outage, a database is made which consists of regional characteristics and electric power demand in the Tokyo Metropolis using geographic information system (GIS). Power demand is examined as a function of time, season and region. Through the analysis, it is found that there are several typical curves and that classification of the areas by such typical load curves might be possible. With a statistical technique, four elemental load curves of residential, office, industrial and entertainment components are calculated. Assuming that every load curve is a combination of the four elemental curves, the contribution rate of the four elements in each area is calculated. Using the contribution rate, the areas could be classified considering the characteristics of their load curves. The results show that this classification can be applied to the estimation of the effects of power outage on various city functions considering the time and duration of outage, and the characteristics of the area
Assuntos
Área Urbana , Desastres Naturais , Bases de Dados como Assunto , Eletricidade , Setor Público , Comunicações Via SatéliteRESUMO
The greater Kobe region was struck by a devastating earthquake on January 17th, 1995. The Hyogo-ken Nanbu earthquake took the lives of over 5,500 people. The facilities operated by the Kansai Electric Power Company also suffered major damage from the tragic earthquake. Making use of the lessons they have learned from their long experience in responding to the extreme forces of nature, peoples of the utility were able to restore electricity to the disaster areas relatively quickly. This report summarizes the damage and restoration of the electric power facilities and some research works triggered by the earthquake.(AU)
Assuntos
Terremotos , Avaliação de Danos , Engenharia , Japão , Eletricidade , Recuperação em DesastresRESUMO
Modern societies heavily rely on electric power. These societies suffer functional damage due to power outage when natural disasters such as earthquakes and typhoons strike. As the first step for developing a new methodology for estimating the effects of power outage on cityu functions considering the characteristics of the area, and time and duration of outage, a database is made which consists of regional characteristics and electric power demand in the Tokyo Metropolis using geographic information systen (GIS). Power demand is examined as a function of time, season and region. Through the analysis, it is found there are several typical curves and that classification of the areas by such typicalload curves might be possible.With a statistical technique, four elemental load curves of residential, office, industrial and entertainment components are calculated. Assuming that every load curve is a combination of the four elemental curves, the contribution rate of the four elements in each area is calculated. Using the contribution rate, the areas could be classified considering the characteristics of the effects of power outage on various city functions considering the time and duration of outage, and the characteristics of the area.(AU)
Assuntos
Desastres Naturais , Eletricidade , População Urbana , Tóquio , Pesquisa , 34661Assuntos
Terremotos , Medição de Risco , Hospitais , Costa Rica , Reservatórios de Água , Tubulações , EletricidadeRESUMO
El terremoto del 4 de febrero de 1976, causó muchos daños a instalaciones de laEEGSA, resultaron afectados especialmente los sistemas primarios y secundarios de distribución, algunas subestacionesm lineas cometidas de servicio y contadores de electricidad. A los pocos minutos del siniestro, personal de EEGSA entró en acción, y al cabo de algunas horas había sido posible energizar parcialmente varios circuitos primarios, con el objetivo básico de restablecer el servicio eléctrico a hospitales, plantas de bombeo de agua, establecimientos militares, etc. Se organizó en seguida cuadrillas de emergencia para retirar las líneas de acometidas y contadores destruidos, tanto en la ciudad capital como en poblaciones aledañastan afectadas. Todas las cuadrillas de linieros fueron empleadas en la reparación de los circuitos primarios y secundarios de distribución (AU)
Assuntos
Terremotos , Eletricidade , Planejamento em Desastres , Guatemala , Avaliação de Danos , Medição de RiscoAssuntos
Centrais Elétricas , 34661 , Avaliação de Danos , Eletricidade , Inundações , Medição de RiscoRESUMO
This report presents a seimic fragility analysis of equipment structures in an electric substation in Memphis, Tennessee. The eletric subtation selected for this study is substation 21, which is located near several major hospital in downtown Memphis. Substation 21 consists of several major types of equipment and structures, for example, 115/12 kV transformers, oil circuit breakers, and switch structures. The failure of equipment and structures is defined as the state at which a component (an equipment or a structure) fails to perform its function. The capacity corresponding to this damage state is then established. On the other hand, the seismic response of a component is determined by either a response spectral analysis or a static analysis. The uncertainties in seismic response and capacity are quantified to determine the probabilities of failure corresponding to various levels of ground shaking. The results are displayed as fragility curves. From the fragility analysis results, the seismic performance of equipment and structures in a substation can be revealed. For example, 115/12 kV transformers in substation 21 are very vulnerable to earthquakes even with moderate magnitude. The fragility analysis results can also provide the necessary data for evaluating the seismic performance of the entire substation and for performing a reliability analysis of the electric transmission system
Assuntos
Terremotos , Medição de Risco , Eletricidade , Serviço Hospitalar de Engenharia e ManutençãoRESUMO
Han ocurrido eventos naturales, algunos de ellos influenciados por la actividad humana y que han sido la causa de severos daños económicos sobre la infraestructura electro-energética de Costa Rica. La sismicidad (vibraciones, licuefacción), el volcanismo, los deslizamientos, la erosión intensa de suelos, los ciclones, vientos intensos, lluvias de elevada intensidad y avalanchas de lodo, han sido los fenómenos más frecuentes y que mayores daños han ocasionado. Desafortunadamente no se cuenta con estadísticas ni recuentos sistemáticos que permitan conocer con precisión los montos exactos de las perdidas y reparaciones. En este análisis, ha podido concluirse que las perdidas han alcanzado niveles muy importantes en los últimos 20 años. Estos costos demuestran que es necesario aplicar medidas de mitigación y prevención para disminuirlos y propiciar con ello un desarrollo sostenible (AU)
Assuntos
Eletricidade , Transferência de Energia , Desastres Naturais , Medição de Risco , Costa Rica , Avaliação de DanosRESUMO
La República Dominicana posee una economía que depende de cuatro componentes: agricultura, minería, turismo y las zonas francas. No obstante encontrarse dentro de una región susceptible a los desastres naturales, los esfuerzos para reducir sus efectos no han sido suficientes. Lo mismo puede decirse de la protección del ambiente. Desde la época colonial, los fenómenos naturales han causado daños considerables. Se cuenta con registros de los daños ocasionados desde 1552 por al menos 16 ciclones, de los cuales 9 han causado daños importantes. Desde 1751 nueve terremotos han sucedido en el territorio con intensidades de hasta IX. Se cuenta también con referencia de los daños causados por sequías, inundaciones, deslizamientos y erosión intensa de suelos. La situación ha empeorado a causa del manejo incorrecto de los recursos naturales por parte de la población, la que al mismo tiempo de magnificarlos, se expone cada vez más a sus efectos. Como medida, en 1981 fue creado el Plan Nacional de Emergencia para enfrentar los desastres naturales y tecnológicos. A este plan se han adherido varias instituciones. Por otra parte, la producción energética dela República Dominicana ha atravesado por un período de larga crisis, acrecentada por los problemas de amenazas naturales. El país se ve sometido a continuas interrucciones del flujo eléctrico, lo que ha repercutido directa y negativamente en la economía nacioanl. En 1994, según datos de la Corporación Dominicana de Electricidad, la energía fracturada alcanzó solamente un 59,6 porciento de la capacidad instalada disponible a causa de deficiencias técnicas, mantenimiento insuficiente, no conservaci'+on de los recursos energéticos y sequías prolongadas (AU)