Orphan nuclear receptor NUR77 relieves insulin resistance in HTR-8/SVneo trophoblast cells through activation of autophagy and insulin signaling

Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a common pregnancy complication with a high incidence in women. Orphan nuclear receptor NUR77 is involved in regulating glucose metabolism. However, its role in GDM has not been fully elucidated yet. In this study, an animal model of GDM was established by feeding mice with a high-fat diet (HFD) before and during pregnancy. NUR77 expression was abnormally upregulated in placenta tissues of GDM mice. We performed gain- and loss-of-function studies of NUR77 in HTR-8/SVneo cells. Cells were incubated with 1 × 10−6 M insulin for 48 h to induce insulin resistance (IR). The expression of NUR77 was downregulated in HTR-8/SVneo cells following IR induction. Overexpression of NUR77 promoted cell proliferation, migration, and invasion. Notably, NUR77 promoted glucose uptake and enhanced insulin sensitivity in vitro. NUR77 increased the ratio of p-insulin receptor β (IRβ)Tyr1361/IRβ, p-insulin receptor substrate (IRS)-1Tyr612/IRS-1, p-Akt/Akt and decreased p-IRS-1Ser307/IRS-1, as well as lowered the expression of glucose transport protein type 1 (GLUT1) and elevated GLUT4. These results suggest the involvement of IRβ/IRS/Akt/GLUT4 signaling activation in the regulatory effects of NUR77 on IR in HTR-8/SVneo cells. Silencing of NUR77 displayed opposite effects. Besides, NUR77 enhanced the expression of autophagy-related protein Beclin 1 and the ratio of LC3II/LC3I. Further study demonstrated that the inhibitory effect of NUR77 on IR was partially attributed to the activation of autophagy. Therefore, we demonstrate that NUR77 enhances insulin sensitivity in HTR-8/SVneo cells likely through activating IRβ/IRS/Akt/GLUT4 pathway and regulating autophagy. (AU)

El embarazo ectópico: su interés actual en Atención Primaria de Salud / Ectopic pregnancy: Its current interest in Primary Health Care

El embarazo ectópico es la implantación y desarrollo del óvulo fecundado fuera de la cavidad endometrial. Su incidencia ha aumentado en los últimos 30 a˜nos, y aunque ha disminuido su morbimortalidad, es la primera causa actual de mortalidad en el primer trimestre del embarazo. Su sospecha precoz es importante, ante toda mujer en edad fértil y con factores de riesgo indicativos de una gestación extrauterina. La sintomatología suele ser amenorrea, abdominalgia, metrorragia, síntomas generales de gestación, e incluso síncope y shock. El diagnóstico del embarazo ectópico se basa en los datos clínicos, resultados analíticos en sangre y orina maternas, estudio sonográfico, culdocentesis, inspección laparoscópica o laparotómica y estudio histológico. El tratamiento puede ser quirúrgico (salpingostomía o salpingectomía), médico (metotrexato) o expectante, dependiendo de los factores del embarazo ectópico: precocidad diagnóstica, presencia de complicaciones agudas, condición clínica de la paciente, etc (AU)

An ectopic pregnancy is the implantation and development of the ovum fertilized outside the endometrial cavity. Its incidence has increased in the last 30 years, and although its morbimortality has decreased, it is still the first cause of mortality in the first trimester of the pregnancy. Early suspicion is important, particularly in women of fertile age and with risk factors indicative of an extrauterine gestation. The symptomatology is usually amenorrhea, abdominal pain, metrorrhagia, general pregnancy symptoms, and even syncope and shock. The diagnosis of ectopic pregnancy is based on the clinical information, analytical results on mother blood and urine, ultrasound examination, transvaginal culdocentesis, laparoscopic or laparotomic inspection, and a histological study (AU)

Hipocomplementemia en el síndrome antifosfolípido obstétrico / No disponible

No disponible

Réplica / No disponible

No disponible

Estudio de la morfología y del índice mitótico de vellosidades coriales en diagnóstico prenatal / Study of the morphology and the mitotic index of chorionic villus in prenatal diagnosis

Introducción. Uno de los objetivos en el estudio citogenético prenatal es dar un resultado con la mayor brevedad y seguridad posibles. El estudio citogenético de vellosidades coriales aparece en la década de 1980 y permite obtener el cariotipo fetal en un corto tiempo de espera y durante el primer trimestre de embarazo. En el presente trabajo se plantea relacionar el resultado citogenético prenatal con la morfología macroscópica y el índice mitótico de las vellosidades coriales. Se propone, además, una clasificación de la morfología macroscópica de las vellosidades como herramienta de trabajo en la clínica diaria.Métodos y resultados. Se realizó el estudio citogenético,morfológico y del índice mitótico de 107 muestras de vellosidades coriales. En éstas se observó cierta relación entre la morfología macroscópica y el índice mitótico de las vellosidades, pero no entre la morfología y el cariotipo fetal. Las muestras con morfología patológica no tuvieron menor índicemitótico ni eran indicativas de un cariotipo fetal patológico. La presencia de una alteración cromosómica tampoco alteraba el número de mitosis espontáneas en el citotrofoblasto.Conclusiones. Las muestras de vellosidades coriales quetienen mayor garantía de obtener un crecimiento celularexitoso en el cultivo corto son las biopsiadas durante el primer trimestre de embarazo y las que son de tipo morfológico I. No se ha observado relación alguna entre la morfología patológica y el resultado citogenético patológico, y tampoco implica que tengan un menor rendimiento del cultivo celular

Introduction. One of the aims of the cytogenetic prenataldiagnosis is to obtain the fetal karyotype in theshortest time and with the highest reliability. The cytogenetic studies of chorionic villus samples started back in the 80’s and permits to obtain the fetal Karyotype in a short time during the first trimester of pregnancy. The objective of this work is to relate the fetal karyotype with the morphology and the mitotic index of the chorionic villus sample. In addition, we suggest a classification of the chorionic villus morphology to be used in the clinical routine.Methods and results. We have studied the karyotype,the macroscopic morphology and the mitotic index of107 samples of chorionic villus. The results showed acertain relationship between the macroscopic morphologyand the mitotic index of the chorionic villus, butnot between the macroscopic morphology and the fetalkaryotype. The samples with abnormal morphology didnot have a lower mitotic index and did not indicate apathological fetal karyotype. In addition, abnormal karyotype did not modify the number of spontaneous mitosis of the cytotrofoblast.Conclusions. The chorionic villus samples that offermore possibilities of a successful cellular growing in the short-term culture are those of morphological type I and sampled during the first trimester. No relationship has been observed between pathologic morphology and karyotype as well as cellular villus output

Tumor testicular bilateral en paciente con antecedentes de criptorquidia: a propósito de un caso / Bilateral testicular tumor in a patient with previous criptorquidia: a clinical case

La criptorquidia constituye un factor de riesgo para el desarrollo de un tumor testiculat: La bilateralidad sincrónica es un hecho infrecuente en los tumores testiculares. El seminoma con células sincitiotrofoblásticas es una variante de seminoma sin implicaciones pronósticas

Cryptorcbidism is a riskfactor to develop a testicular tumour. Synchronus bilateral testicular tumours are unusuaL Seminoma with syncytiotrophoblastic cells is one variant of seminoma without prognostic implications