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1.
Int. microbiol ; 25(4): 789-802, Nov. 2022. ilus, graf
Artigo em Inglês | IBECS | ID: ibc-216246

RESUMO

Eukaryotic cells respond to environmental cues through mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathways. Each MAPK cascade is specific to particular stimuli and mediates specialized responses through activation of transcription factors. In the budding yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, the pheromone-induced mating pathway and the starvation-responsive invasive growth/filamentation pathway generate their distinct outputs through the transcription factors Ste12 and Tec1, respectively. In this study, we report the functional characterization of these transcription factors in the closely related human opportunistic pathogenic yeast Candida glabrata. Two homologues each for S. cerevisiae TEC1 and STE12 were identified in C. glabrata. Both C. glabrata Tec1 proteins contain the N-terminal TEA DNA-binding domain characteristic of the TEA/ATTS transcription factor family. Similarly, the DNA-binding homeodomain shared by members of the highly conserved fungal Ste12 transcription factor family is present in N-terminus of both C. glabrata Ste12 transcription factors. We show that both C. glabrata STE12 genes are at least partial functional orthologues of S. cerevisiae STE12 as they can rescue the mating defect of haploid S. cerevisiae ste12 null mutant. Knockout of one of the STE12 genes (ORF CAGL0H02145g) leads to decreased biofilm development; a stronger biofilm-impaired phenotype results from loss of both CgSTE12 genes in the double deletion mutant (Cgste12ΔΔ). The transcript levels of one of the TEC1 genes (ORF CAGL0M01716g) were found to be upregulated upon exposure to low pH; its deletion causes slightly increased sensitivity to higher concentrations of acetic acid. Heat shock leads to increase in mRNA levels of one of the STE12 genes (ORF CAGL0M01254g).(AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Células Eucarióticas , Quinases de Proteína Quinase Ativadas por Mitógeno , Biofilmes , Saccharomyces cerevisiae , Fatores de Transcrição , Candida glabrata , Doenças Transmissíveis , Microbiologia
2.
Int. microbiol ; 19(3): 133-141, sept. 2016. ilus, tab, graf
Artigo em Inglês | IBECS | ID: ibc-162890

RESUMO

Phosphorus is a pivotal element in all biochemical systems: it serves to store metabolic energy as ATP, it forms the backbone of genetic material such as RNA and DNA, and it separates cells from the environment as phospholipids. In addition to this 'big hits', phosphorus has recently been shown to play an important role in other important processes such as cell cycle regulation. In the present review, we briefly summarize the biological processes in which phosphorus is involved in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae before discussing our latest findings on the role of this element in the regulation of DNA replication in this eukaryotic model organism. We describe both the role of phosphorus in the regulation of G1 progression by means of the Cyclin Dependent Kinase (CDK) Pho85 and the stabilization of the cyclin Cln3, as well as the role of other molecule composed of phosphorus-the polyphosphate-in cell cycle progression, dNTP synthesis, and genome stability. Given the eminent role played by phosphorus in life, we outline the future of phosphorus in the context of one of the main challenges in human health: cancer treatment (AU)


No disponible


Assuntos
Saccharomyces cerevisiae/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Fósforo/fisiologia , Quinases Ciclina-Dependentes/fisiologia , Antineoplásicos/farmacologia , Polifosfatos/análise , Células Eucarióticas/fisiologia , Ciclo Celular/fisiologia , Proteínas de Ciclo Celular/análise
3.
Allergol. immunopatol ; 42(4): 293-301, jul.-ago. 2014. ilus
Artigo em Inglês | IBECS | ID: ibc-125199

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: Most of pathogenesis related (PR) proteins possess complicated structures; hence their active recombinant forms are usually produced in eukaryotic systems. In this study, we employed an insect cell line to express a recombinant form of a previously identified grape PR3 allergen categorised as class IV chitinase. METHODS: Grape chitinase cDNA was amplified by RT-PCR and inserted into pFastBacHTA using restriction enzymes. The recombinant pFastBacHTA was applied for the transformation of Escherichia coli DH10Bac cells. The purified recombinant bacmid was used for transfection of Sf9 cells. Finally, the IgE-immunoreactivity of purified recombinant protein was evaluated using grape allergic patient's sera. Moreover, polyclonal anti-6His-tag and monoclonal anti-chitinase antibodies were used for further assessment of recombinant protein. RESULTS: SDS-PAGE analysis of the transfected Sf9 cells showed expression of a monomeric 25 kDa and a dimeric 50 kDa recombinant protein. Western blotting revealed considerable IgE reactivity of the recombinant protein with grape allergic patients' sera. Furthermore, confirmatory assays showed specific reactivity of the recombinant protein with anti-His tag and anti-chitinase antibodies. CONCLUSION: This study showed that, in contrast to E. coli, insect cells are suitable hosts for the production of a soluble and IgE-reactive recombinant form of grape class IV chitinase. This recombinant allergen could be used for component resolved diagnosis of grape allergy or other immunodiagnostic purposes


No disponible


Assuntos
Vitis , Spodoptera , Quitinases/análise , Alérgenos/análise , Baculoviridae/isolamento & purificação , Hipersensibilidade Alimentar/diagnóstico , Células Eucarióticas , DNA Complementar/análise , Transfecção
4.
Arch. Soc. Esp. Oftalmol ; 83(8): 493-496, ago. 2008. ilus
Artigo em Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-66875

RESUMO

Caso clínico: Hombre de 38 años remitido de otro centro por presentar queratitis fúngica por Alternaria 25 días después de realizarle una queratoplastia penetrante postraumática en ojo derecho. Se instaura tratamiento con voriconazol tópico y oral con buena evolución posterior. Discusión: Las queratitis fúngicas por Alternaria son poco frecuentes. Su tratamiento es difícil porque la evolución clínica no se correlaciona con la susceptibilidad in vitro del hongo. Producen cuadros clínicos que requieren un rápido diagnóstico y tratamiento, para evitar la pérdida de visión. La combinación de voriconazol tópico y sistémico puede ser una buena alternativa en caso de hongos resistentes al tratamiento convencional


Clinical case: A 38-year-old man with fungal Alternaria keratitis was referred from another hospital 25 days after post-traumatic penetrating keratoplastia surgery on his right eye. We commenced treatment with topical voriconazole and the condition resolved. Discussion: Fungal Alternaria keratitis is rare, and treatment is difficult because the clinical response does not correlate well with the antibiotic in vitro sensitivity of the fungus. Clinical cases need to be diagnosed and treated quickly if visual loss is to be avoided. The combination of topical and systemic voriconazole has been shown to be an effective treatment for this condition (Arch Soc Esp Oftalmol 2008; 83: 493-496)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Adulto , Ceratite/diagnóstico , Ceratite/terapia , Alternaria/isolamento & purificação , Alternaria/fisiologia , Alternaria/patogenicidade , Ceratoplastia Penetrante/métodos , Terapia de Imunossupressão/métodos , Ceratoplastia Penetrante/patologia , Ceratoplastia Penetrante/tendências , Ceratoplastia Penetrante , Células Eucarióticas/patologia
5.
An. R. Acad. Farm ; 73(4): 833-871, oct. 2007. ilus, tab
Artigo em Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-64409

RESUMO

Los ácidos siálicos están entre las moléculas de mayor importancia del reinoanimal encontrándose también en algunos microorganismos. Son cetoácidos con unesqueleto glucídico de nueve carbonos, están cargados negativamente y se descubrieronen mamíferos aunque se encuentran en la mayor parte de los celomados, enprotostomados (por ejemplo, artrópodos), y deutorostomados (por ejemplo, cordadosy equinodermos). La ruta biosintética del Neu5Ac tiene lugar a través de las siguientesreacciones: a) síntesis de ManAc-6-P, b) síntesis de ManNAc, c) síntesis deNeu5Ac, d) activación del monómero to CMP-Beta-Neu5Ac, y e) transferencia delNeu5Ac a un aceptor. En el catabolismo de estos compuestos las enzimas neuraminidasay N-acetil neuraminato liasa tienen un papel importante. En animales losácidos siálicos están involucrados en interacciones célula-célula e intervienen en laregulación de procesos de reconocimiento celular. En microorganismos están presentesen un número escaso de bacterias y hongos. Estos microorganismos los utilizanpara establecer relaciones simbióticas o parasitarias con animales, para utilizarloscomo fuente de nitrógeno o carbono o para sialilar su propia superficie


Sialic acids are among the most important molecules in the animal kingdomand also occur in some microorganisms. They are alpha-ketoacids with a nine-carbonglycid backbone. They are negatively charged and they were first discovered inmammals, although it appears that they are present in most Coelomata in bothprotostomes (e.g. Arthropoda) and deutorostomes (e.g. Chordata or Echinodermata).The biosynthetic pathway of Neu5Ac proceeds through the following reactions:a) synthesis of ManAc-6-P, b) synthesis of ManNAc, c) synthesis of Neu5Ac, d)activation of the monomer to CMP-Beta-Neu5Ac, and e) transfer of Neu5Ac to theacceptor structure. In the catabolism of this compound, the neuraminidase and Nacetyl-neuraminidate-lyase activities play important roles. In animals, sialic acidsare involved in cell-to-cell interactions and mediate the regulation of recognitionprocess. In microorganisms they are present in a few taxonomically scatteredbacterial and fungal species. These microorganisms establish either symbiotic orparasitic relationships with animals and use host sialic acids either as a carbonnitrogensource or to sialylate their own cell surface


Assuntos
Ácidos Siálicos/metabolismo , Ácidos Siálicos/farmacologia , Cetoácidos/metabolismo , Cetoácidos/farmacologia , Glicoconjugados/metabolismo , Glicoconjugados/farmacologia , Proteoglicanas/farmacologia , Células Eucarióticas/química , Glicoconjugados/farmacocinética , Subfamília B de Transportador de Cassetes de Ligação de ATP/química , Subfamília B de Transportador de Cassetes de Ligação de ATP/síntese química , Proteoglicanas/metabolismo , Neuraminidase/metabolismo , Neuraminidase/farmacologia , Virulência , Fatores de Virulência/síntese química
6.
Int. microbiol ; 9(3): 163-172, sept. 2006.
Artigo em Inglês | IBECS | ID: ibc-164224

RESUMO

Bacteria had remained undefined when, in 1962, Roger Y. Stanier and C.B. van Niel published their famed paper «The concept of a bacterium». The articulation of the prokaryote–eukaryote dichotomy was a vital moment in the history of biology. This article provides a brief overview of the context in which the prokaryote concept was successfully launched in the 1960s, and what it was meant to connote. Two concepts were initially distinguished within the prokaryote-eukaryote dichotomy at that time. One was organizational and referred to comparative cell structure; the other was phylogenetic and referred to a «natural» classification. Here, I examine how the two concepts became inseparable; how the prokaryotes came to signify a monophyletic group that preceded the eukaryotes, and how this view remained unquestioned for 15 years, until the birth of molecular evolutionary biology and coherent methods for bacteria phylogenetics based on 16S rRNA. Today, while microbial phylogeneticists generally agree that the prokaryote is a polyphyletic group, there is no agreement on whether the term should be maintained in an organizational sense (AU)


Hasta que en 1962 Roger Y. Stanier y C.B. van Niel publicaron su famoso artículo «The concept of a bacterium», las bacterias habían carecido de definición. La articulación de la dicotomía procariota-eucariota representó un momento crucial en la historia de la biología. La finalidad de esta revisión es ofrecer una breve perspectiva del contexto en el cual hizo aparición satisfactoriamente el concepto de procariota en la década de 1960 y de lo que iba a significar. En aquel tiempo, se incluían dos conceptos en la dicotomía procariota-eucariota. Uno, de tipo organizativo, se refería a la estructura celular comparativa; el otro, filogenético, se refería a una clasificación natural. Este trabajo describe cómo ambos conceptos se hicieron inseparables; cómo el concepto procariota llegó a significar un grupo monofilético que precedió a los eucariotas, y cómo se mantuvo indiscutible este enfoque durante 15 años, hasta el nacimiento de la biología molecular evolutiva y el desarrollo de métodos coherentes en filogenética bacteriana basados en el rRNA 16S. Hoy en día, si bien los expertos en filogenia microbiana están generalmente de acuerdo en que los procariotas forman un grupo polifilético, no hay acuerdo sobre si el término debería mantenerse en un sentido organizativo (AU)


Assuntos
Bactérias/classificação , Células Procarióticas/classificação , Archaea/classificação , Bactérias/química , Evolução Biológica , Filogenia , Células Procarióticas/citologia , Células Eucarióticas/classificação , Células Eucarióticas/citologia , Archaea/química , RNA Ribossômico 16S
7.
Int. microbiol ; 7(3): 181-191, sept. 2004. ilus, tab
Artigo em Inglês | IBECS | ID: ibc-98761

RESUMO

Intracellular bacterial pathogens have evolved as a group of microorganisms endowed with weapons to hijack many biological processes of eukaryotic cells. This review discusses how these pathogens perturb diverse host cell functions, such as cytoskeleton dynamics and organelle vesicular trafficking. Alteration of the cytoskeleton is discussed in the context of the bacterial entry process (invasion), which occurs either by activation of membrane-located host receptors («zipper» mechanism) or by injection of bacterial proteins into the host cell cytosol («trigger» mechanism). In addition, the two major types of intracellular lifestyles, cytosolic versus intravacuolar (phagosomal), which are the consequence of alterations in the phagosome-lysosome maturation route, are compared. Specific examples illustrating known mechanisms of mimicry or hijacking of the host target are provided. Finally, recent advances in phagosome proteomics and genome expression in intracellular bacteria are described. These new technologies are yielding valuable clues as to how these specialized bacterial pathogens manipulate the mammalian host cell (AU)


Los patógenos bacterianos intracelulares han evolucionado como un grupo de microorganismos altamente especializados en el secuestro de funciones propias de células eucariotas. Esta revisión discute cómo esos patógenos alteran diversas funciones de la célula hospedadora, tales como la dinámica del citoesqueleto y el tráfico vesicular entre orgánulos. Se describe la alteración del citoesqueleto durante el proceso de entrada (invasión) de la bacteria. Este proceso puede desencadenarse bien por la activación de receptores de la membrana de la célula hospedadora (mecanismo de tipo «cremallera») o por la inyección de proteínas bacterianas en el citosol de la célula hospedaora (mecanismo de tipo «activador»). Se comparan también los dos tipos principales de vida intracelular de estos patógenos: en el citosol o en el interior de vacuolas (vida fagosómica). Ambos son consecuencia de cambios de la ruta clásica de fusión fagosoma-lisosoma. Se aportan algunos ejemplos representativos en los que se conoce el mecanismo de mimetismo o de secuestro de funciones eucarióticas. Por último, se mencionan los avances más recientes en la proteómica del fagosoma y en la expresión de genomas en bacterias intracelulares. Estos nuevos enfoques aportan información valiosa sobre cómo estas bacterias patógenas especializadas manipulan la célula huésped de mamífero (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Células Eucarióticas/fisiologia , Espaço Intracelular/microbiologia , Infecções/fisiopatologia , Organelas/fisiologia , Citoesqueleto/microbiologia , Vacúolos/fisiologia
8.
Artigo em Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-24988

RESUMO

Los péptidos antibióticos de origen eucariótico (PAE) son componentes esenciales de la inmunidad innata. Actúan en secreciones, epitelios y fagocitos profesionales como primera barrera defensiva frente a las invasiones por patógenos. Su interés clínico se debe a dos de sus características generales: amplio rango de patógenos susceptibles y muy baja inducción de resistencias. Ambas se derivan de su mecanismo de acción: la permeabilización de la membrana del patógeno por interacción con los fosfolípidos aniónicos de la cara externa de la membrana. Se presenta una visión general de estos antibióticos, con especial énfasis en los de origen humano, incluyendo su mecanismo de acción, las estrategias de resistencia, así como otras actividades no relacionadas con su función microbicida. Finalmente se discuten las perspectivas e inconvenientes para su inclusión como nuevos agentes en terapias antiinfecciosas (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Lipídeos de Membrana , Dados de Sequência Molecular , Fosfolipídeos , Peptídeos Cíclicos , Bactérias , Infecções Bacterianas , Membrana Celular , Resistência a Medicamentos , Sequência de Aminoácidos , Antibacterianos , Células Eucarióticas
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