In vitro adhesion and anti-inflammatory properties of Limosilactobacillus fermentum FS-10 isolated from infant fecal sample / Adhesión in vitro y propiedades antiinflamatorias de Limosilactobacillus fermentum FS-10 aislado de muestra fecal infantil

In this study, seven strains of Limosilactobacillus fermentum were isolated from an infant fecal sample and characterized using in vitro studies. Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG was used as a comparison because it is a well-documented commercial probiotic. The isolates were tested for attributes such as acid and phenol tolerance, bile salt hydrolase (BSH) activity, and antibiotic sensitivity. One isolate, L. fermentum FS-10, displayed enhanced cell surface hydrophobicity (> 85%) and mucin adhesion. Mucin-binding helps colonization in the gut. The immunomodulatory property of L. fermentum FS-10 was evaluated by determining the modulation of pro- and anti-inflammatory factors such as tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin (IL)-10, and nitric oxide (NO) in human acute monocytic leukemia (THP-1) cells under inflammatory conditions induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS). L. fermentum FS-10 potently downregulated the expression of TNF-α and nitric oxide and upregulated IL-10 levels, indicating an anti-inflammatory response. Safety assessment of the strain revealed the absence of genes for virulence factors, toxin production, and antibiotic resistance, potentiating application as a probiotic strain.(AU)

Primary rectal mucosaassociated lymphoid tissuelymphoma masquerading asproctitis / Tejido linfoide asociado a la mucosa rectal primarialinfoma disfrazado deproctitis

A 29-year-old male presented with recurrent mucous bloody stools for more than a year. Colonoscopy revealed ill-defined, mildly congested and edematous mucosa with scattered erosion spots in the lower rectum, highly suspicious for proctitis. Histopathology showed diffuse infiltration of small to medium-sized lymphoid cells in the lamina propria. Immunohistochemistry indicated these cells were positive for CD20, CD79a, CD19, kappa and lambda light chains (partial), and negative for CD3, CD5, CD10, cyclin D and BCL-6. These results were consistent with mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma. Further investigations consisting of upper endoscopy, bone marrow biopsy, and whole-body PET/CT scan did not detect any extrarectal lesions. Based on these findings, the diagnosis of stage I primary rectal MALT lymphoma was made. The patient underwent 15 fractions of radiotherapy with a total dose of 30 Gy. His symptoms were alleviated following the treatment. A follow-up colonoscopy performed 3 months later showed complete resolution of the lesion.(AU)

Early gut microbiological changes and metabolomic changes in patients with sepsis: a preliminary study / Cambios microbiológicos intestinales tempranos y cambios metabólicos en pacientes con sepsis: un estudio preliminar

The gut microbiota is closely related to the development of sepsis. The aim of this study was to explore changes in the gut microbiota and gut metabolism, as well as potential relationships between the gut microbiota and environmental factors in the early stages of sepsis. Fecal samples were collected from 10 septic patients on the first and third days following diagnosis in this study. The results showed that in the early stages of sepsis, the gut microbiota is dominated by microorganisms that are tightly associated with inflammation, such as Escherichia-Shigella, Enterococcus, Enterobacteriaceae, and Streptococcus. On sepsis day 3 compared to day 1, there was a significant decrease in Lactobacillus and Bacteroides and a significant increase in Enterobacteriaceae, Streptococcus, and Parabacteroides. Culturomica_massiliensis, Prevotella_7 spp., Prevotellaceae, and Pediococcus showed significant differences in abundance on sepsis day 1, but not on sepsis day 3. Additionally, 2-keto-isovaleric acid 1 and 4-hydroxy-6-methyl-2-pyrone metabolites significantly increased on sepsis day 3 compared to day 1. Prevotella_7 spp. was positively correlated with phosphate and negatively correlated with 2-keto-isovaleric acid 1 and 3-hydroxypropionic acid 1, while Prevotella_9 spp. was positively correlated with sequential organ failure assessment score, procalcitonin and intensive care unit stay time. In conclusion, the gut microbiota and metabolites are altered during sepsis, with some beneficial microorganisms decreasing and some pathogenic microorganisms increasing. Furthermore, Prevotellaceae members may play different roles in the intestinal tract, with Prevotella_7 spp. potentially possessing beneficial health properties and Prevotella_9 spp. potentially playing a promoting role in sepsis.(AU)

Priestia flexa KS1: A new bacterial strain isolated from human faeces implicated in mucin degradation / Priestia flexa KS1: Una nueva cepa bacteriana aislada de heces humanas implicada en la degradación de la mucina

The human gut acts as a habitat for diverse microbial communities, including mucin utilizers that play a significant role in host health and diseases. In this study, a gram-positive, rod-shaped mucin degrading bacterium was isolated from human faeces that belonged to the Priestia flexa species. Priestia isolate was analyzed for mucin-degrading ability and found that the KS1 strain could grow on mucin as the sole carbon source. The experimental results of the mucolytic zone around the colony and a 58% decrease in carbohydrate concentration confirmed the ability of Priestia to degrade mucin. The intracellular and extracellular glycosidase assay data supported the above results suggesting the ability of P. flexa to produce glycan hydrolysis enzymes that convert complex mucin oligosaccharide chains into simple glycans. The survival ability of the KS1 strain in simulated gastrointestinal conditions revealed that it could tolerate low pH (≥ 50% cell viability at pH 1.0) and 0.5% bile salt concentration (≥ 85% cell viability). The strain showed low hydrophobicity towards n-hexadecane (26.51 ± 0.92%) and xylene (21.71 ± 0.54%). Moreover, the KS1 culture was resistant to cefixime, clavulanic acid/ceftazidime, nafallin, methicillin, trimethoprim, kanamycin, and nalidixic antibiotic. Our results highlight the isolation of P. flexa KS1 strain that degrade mucin under in vitro conditions and show its better acclimatization within the GI environment. Further studies are required to unearth the molecular mechanisms involved in the degradation of mucin oligosaccharides in the human gut, advancing our understanding of health and disease.(AU)

Perceived barriers and benefits in the participation in faecal occult blood test colorectal cancer screening programme / Barreras y beneficios percibidos en la participación en el cribado de cáncer de colon mediante test de sangre oculta en heces

Background: Colorectal cancer is the second cancer-related cause of death in the world. Tumour stage at diagnosis is the principal prognosis factor of survival. However, the participation in the programme is around 50%. The aim of the study was to identify the benefits and barriers perceived by the population when participating in a colorectal cancer screening programme with faecal occult blood test. Methods: We carried out a cases–controls study with 408 participants. We analyzed epidemiological and social variables associated with lifestyle and behavioural factors based in the Health Belief Model. We conducted a descriptive analysis, and identified variables associated to adherence by a logistic regression. Results: Variables independently associated with the participation in a colorectal cancer screening programme were age (OR 1.06; 95% CI: 1.01–1.11), having a stable partner (OR 1.96; 95% CI: 1.20–3.18), the level of education (OR 1.59; 95% CI: 1.02–2.47) and two of the barriers to participate in the faecal occult blood test screening: “you don’t know how to do one” (OR=0.46; 95% CI: 0.23–0.93) and “it is not that important right now” (OR=0.43; 95% CI: 0.24–0.78). Conclusion: The existing barriers for screening with faecal occult blood test are the best factor predicting. This is relevant when designing the intervention programmes, as they should focus on reducing perceived barriers to increase the participation in colorectal cancer screening, thereby reducing colorectal cancer mortality.(AU)

Antecedentes: El cáncer colorrectal constituye la segunda causa de muerte por cáncer en el mundo. El estadio del tumor al diagnóstico es el principal factor pronóstico de supervivencia. Sin embargo, la participación en el programa está en torno al 50%. El objetivo de este estudio fue identificar los beneficios y las barreras percibidos por la población al participar en un programa de cribado de cáncer de colon mediante el test de sangre oculta en heces. Métodos: Estudio de casos y controles con 408 participantes en el que analizamos variables sociodemográficas, variables asociadas al estilo de vida y factores conductuales basados en el Modelo de Creencias en Salud. Realizamos un análisis descriptivo y, para identificar las variables asociadas a la adhesión al programa de cribado de cáncer colorrectal, una regresión logística. Resultados: Las variables que se asociaron de forma independiente a la participación en el programa fueron la edad (OR 1,06; IC 95% 1,01-1,11), tener pareja estable (OR 1,96; IC 95% 1,20-3,18), el nivel de estudios (OR 1,59; IC 95% 1,02-2,47) y 2 de las barreras para participar en el cribado mediante test de sangre oculta en heces: «no sabe cómo hacerlo» (OR 0,46; IC 95% 0,23-0,93) y «no es un problema importante en el momento actual» (OR 0,3; IC 95% 0,24-0,78). Conclusión: Las barreras existentes para el cribado mediante test de sangre oculta en heces son el mejor factor predictivo de participación. Esto es importante a la hora de diseñar los programas de cribado de cáncer colorrectal, ya que la reducción de las barreras percibidas aumentará la participación en los mismos, reduciendo así la mortalidad por cáncer de colon.(AU)

Diagnostic accuracy of multitarget stool DNA testing for colorectal cancer screening: A systematic review and meta-analysis / Precisión diagnóstica de las pruebas de DNA en heces con objetivos múltiples para la detección del cáncer colorrectal: una revisión sistemática y un metaanálisis

Introduction: This study aimed to collect and summarize test data and conduct a meta-analysis, with respect to the Multitarget Stool DNA test sensitivity and specificity, compared to colonoscopy. Material and methods: All manuscripts were screened for eligibility according to inclusion criteria. Participants were a normal population at an average risk of developing CRC. Intervention was Stool based and DNA panel tests compared with colonoscopy, and outcome was detection of CRC and any pre-cancerous lesions. Inter-study and inconsistency (using the I-squared test) were assessed. Results: Meta-analyses of the Mt-sDNA test showed a combined sensitivity of 89%, 51%, and 76% for the detection of CRC, advanced adenoma (AA), and combined CRC and AA, respectively. The overall specificity was 91%, 89%, and 90% for the detection of CRC, AA, and combined CRC and AA, respectively. Conclusion: Mt-sDNA had significantly acceptable diagnostic accuracy for CRC and AA diagnosis, but still has lower sensitivity and specificity than colonoscopy.(AU)

Introducción: Este estudio tuvo como objetivo recopilar y resumir los datos de las pruebas y realizar un metaanálisis con respecto a la sensibilidad y especificidad de la prueba de DNA en heces multiobjetivo, en comparación con la colonoscopia. Material y métodos: Todos los manuscritos fueron examinados para determinar su elegibilidad de acuerdo con los criterios de inclusión. Los participantes eran una población normal con un riesgo promedio de desarrollar CRC. La intervención se basó en heces y pruebas de panel de DNA en comparación con la colonoscopia, y el resultado fue la detección de CRC y cualquier lesión precancerosa. Se evaluaron la inconsistencia entre estudios y la inconsistencia (mediante la prueba de I cuadrado). Resultados: Los metaanálisis de la prueba Mt-sDNA mostraron una sensibilidad combinada del 89%, 51% y 76% para la detección de CRC, adenoma avanzado (AA) y CRC y AA combinados, respectivamente. La especificidad general fue del 91%, 89% y 90% para la detección de CRC, AA y CRC y AA combinados, respectivamente. Conclusión: Mt-sDNA tuvo una precisión diagnóstica significativamente aceptable para el diagnóstico de CRC y AA, pero aún tiene una sensibilidad y especificidad más bajas que la colonoscopia.(AU)

Stool donor recruitment – A one-year experience / Reclutamiento de donantes de heces: experiencia de un año

Stool donors for fecal microbiota transference (FMT) should be rigorously screened to identify any disorder in health status. The success of our screening protocol to identify eligible donors in the last year and a half was evaluated and compared with the published literature.The target population was medical students who responded to 3 public calls to donate stools. Qualified donors brought stool samples to our lab.Out of the 110 students who responded to the call, 26 were enrolled as study donors and delivered at least one stool sample. The main reason for volunteer exclusion was body mass index (BMI) <18.5kg/m2 or >25kg/m2 (n=11) and for the identification of ESBL Escherichia coli in feces (n=3).Our success rate after the screening protocol was considered high. Understanding the incentives to participate is critical to the success of recruitment strategies as FMT is still a little-known practice for general population.(AU)

Se debe seleccionar rigurosamente a los donantes de heces para la transferencia de microbiota fecal (TMF) para identificar cualquier trastorno en la salud. Se evaluó el éxito de nuestro protocolo de selección para identificar donantes idóneos en el último año y medio y se comparó con la literatura publicada.La población objetivo fueron estudiantes de medicina que respondieron a 3 convocatorias públicas para donar heces. Los donantes aptos llevaron muestras de heces a nuestro laboratorio.De los 110 estudiantes que respondieron a la convocatoria, 26 se inscribieron como donantes del estudio y entregaron al menos una muestra de heces. El principal motivo para la exclusión de voluntarios fue un índice de masa corporal (IMC) <18,5 kg/m2 o >25 kg/m2 (n=11) y la identificación de E. coli BLEE en las heces (n=3).Nuestra tasa de éxito tras el protocolo de selección se consideró alta. Comprender los incentivos para participar es fundamental para el éxito de las estrategias de reclutamiento, ya que la TMF sigue siendo una práctica poco conocida para la población en general.(AU)

Effect of voluntary wheel running on gut microbiota composition in developing mice / Efecto de la rueda voluntaria que gira sobre la composición de la microbiota intestinal en ratones en desarrollo

Background: exercise can increase the species and quantity of beneficial gut microbiota, enrich the diversity of microflora, and promote the development of symbiotic bacteria, especially in the stage of ontogeny. However, there is little evidence of the short-term voluntary exercise effect on the gut microbiota in developing mice. Material and method: therefore, we used short-term voluntary wheel running model to study the gut microbiota of developing mice (1 month old), and detected the fecal samples by 16S rRNA gene sequencing Results: the results showed that after 4 weeks of voluntary wheel running, the body weight of the running group was significantly lower than that of the control group. Conclusion: there was a significant separation between the running group and the control group in beta diversity measures. At the family level, the clostridiales flora of the running group was higher than that of the control group. Compared with the control group, the abundance of parabacteroides flora and anaerovorax flora increased significantly, and the abundance of anaerotruncus flora and odoribacter flora decreased significantly in the running group. These results showed that gut microbiota be affected after short-term voluntary wheel running in developing mice (AU)

Introducción: el ejercicio puede aumentar las especies y la cantidad de microbiota intestinal beneficiosa, enriquecer la diversidad de la microflora y promover el desarrollo de bacterias simbióticas, especialmente en la etapa de ontogenia. Sin embargo, hay poca evidencia del efecto del ejercicio voluntario a corto plazo sobre la microbiota intestinal en ratones en desarrollo. Material y método: por lo tanto, utilizamos un modelo de carrera de ruedas voluntario a corto plazo para estudiar la microbiota intestinal de ratones en desarrollo (1 mes de edad) y detectamos las muestras fecales mediante la secuenciación del gen 16S rRNA. Resultados: los resultados mostraron que después de 4 semanas de carrera voluntaria con ruedas, el peso corporal del grupo de carrera fue significativamente más bajo que el del grupo de control. Conclusión: hubo una diferencia significativa entre el grupo de corredores y el grupo de control en las medidas de diversidad beta. A nivel familiar, la flora de clostridiales del grupo de corredores fue mayor que la del grupo de control. En comparación con el grupo de control, la abundancia de flora parabacteroides y flora anaerovorax aumentó significativamente, y la abundancia de flora anaerotruncus y flora odoribacter disminuyó significativamente en el grupo de carrera. Estos resultados mostraron que la microbiota intestinal se ve afectada después de la carrera voluntaria a corto plazo en ratones en desarrollo (AU)

Characterization of the fecal microbiota in gastrointestinal cancer patients and healthy people

BackgroundThe incidence and mortality of gastrointestinal (GI) tumors are high in China. Some studies suggest that the gut microbiota is related to the occurrence and development of tumors. At present, there are no prospective studies based on the correlation between gastrointestinal tumors and gut microbiota in the Chinese population. The objective of this report is to characterize the fecal microbiota in healthy control participants and patients with esophageal cancer, gastric cancer, and colorectal cancer.MethodsPatients with locally advanced or metastatic esophageal, gastric, and colorectal cancer were enrolled, and healthy people were included as controls. 16S rRNA sequencing was used to analyze the characteristics of fecal microbiota. PICRUSt software was used for functional prediction.ResultsSignificant differences in the composition and abundance of fecal microbiota were identified between gastrointestinal cancer patients (n = 130) and healthy controls (n = 147). The abundance of Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, Clostridium clostridioforme and Bifidobacterium adolescent in tumor groups were all significantly lower than in the control group (P < 0.05). The levels of Blautia producta and R. faecis in the gastric (n = 46) and colorectal cancer (n = 44) groups were significantly lower than those in the control group (P < 0.05). The level of Butyricicoccus pullicaecorum in the esophageal cancer (n = 40) and gastric cancer groups was significantly lower than that in the control group (P < 0.05).

Validación al castellano del cuestionario Rawl de cribado de cáncer colorrectal con sangre oculta en heces / Rawl's questionnaire spanish validation for colorectal cancer screening with faecal occult blood testing

Introducción: La supervivencia del cáncer colorrectal es del 57% a los 5 años, en parte debido a un diagnóstico tardío por una baja participación en los programas de cribado. Son necesarios instrumentos que analicen las causas de participación.Objetivo: Comprobar la validez y consistencia interna de la versión en castellano del cuestionario de Rawl para el cribado de cáncer colorrectal con sangre oculta en heces.Tipo de estudio: Metodología de validación de cuestionarios.Localización: Tres centros de salud de Valencia.Variables: Edad, sexo, estado civil, nivel de estudios, clase social, consumo de tabaco, alcohol, índice de masa corporal, antecedentes personales y familiares de cáncer.Resultados: Se estudiaron 408 individuos (237 casos y 171 controles). La edad media fue de 59,45 (DE 5,17) años. La consistencia interna de todas las variables alcanzó una alfa de Cronbach de 0,796. El alfa de Cronbach de la dimensión beneficios del cribado fue de de 0,871 y para la dimensión barreras al cribado fue de 0,817. Los coeficientes de correlación intraclase del test-retest para la dimensión de los beneficios del cribado fue de 0,809 (IC 95% 0,606-0,913) y de 0,499 (IC 95% 0,126-0,750) para las barreras.Conclusión: La versión en castellano del cuestionario Rawl es válido, fiable y reproducible. Con lo que disponemos de un elemento validado en España con el que objetivar barreras y beneficios percibidos en un programa de cribado poblacional.

Introduction: Colorectal cancer 5-years-survival is 57%, partway due to a low rate of participation in screening programmes. Instruments analyzing causes of low adherence are needed.Objective: To evaluate the validity and internal consistency of the Spanish version of Rawl's Questionnaire for the screening of colorectal cancer by faecal occult blood testing.Type of study: Questionnaire validation methodology.Location: Three Primary Care Centres in Valencia.Variables: Age, sex, civil status, educational level, social class, smoking, alcohol consumption, body mass index, personal and family history of cancer.Results: We analyzed 408 individuals (237 cases and 171 controls). Mean age was 59.45 years (SD 5.17). Internal consistency of all variables reached a Cronbach's alfa of 0.796. The Cronbach's alfa benefit dimension of the screening was 0.871 and for the barrier dimension of the screening it was 0.817. Intraclass correlation coefficients of the test-retest for the benefit dimension of the screening was 0.809 (CI 95% 0.606-0.913) and 0.499 (CI 95% 0.126-0.750) for the barrier dimension.Conclusion: The Spanish version of Rawl's Questionnaire is valid, reliable and reproducible, so we have this validated instrument with which to identify barriers and benefits in a colorectal screening programme in Spain.

Usefulness of peripheral blood monocyte count to predict relapse in patients with inflammatory bowel disease: a prospective longitudinal cohort study

Background: monocytes play an important role in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease but data are scarce regarding activity biomarkers, above all in patients under biologic therapies.Objective: the aim of this study was to evaluate the value of monocyte measurements in predicting flares in inflammatory bowel disease patients under maintenance treatment with anti-TNF.Methods: a prospective, observational cohort study was designed. Relapse was defined as a Harvey-Bradshawscore > 4 in Crohn’s disease, and a partial Mayo score ≥ 2 in ulcerative colitis. Monocyte concentration was quantifiedat 4-month intervals for twelve months. A total of 95 consecutive patients were included. Median age was 42 years,50.5 % were female, and 75 % had Crohn’s disease.Results: sixteen months after inclusion, 65 (68.4 %) patients remained in clinical remission. Mean monocyte count preceding a relapse was 563 (standard deviation: 144) compared to 405 (standard deviation: 177) in patients who remained in remission. Final monocyte count was significantly different between relapse and remission in Crohn’s disease (0.82; 95 % CI: 0.71-0.90; p < 0.005). According to the multivariate analysis, only monocytes and fecal calprotectin were related to more relapses. (AU)

Producción de larvas de moscas (Musca domestica L) con diferentes dosis de borra de café y heces fecales de aves ponedoras / Production of house fly larvae (Musca domestica L) with different proportion of coffee grounds and hens feces

Objetivo: Evaluar la producción de larvas de moscas en borra de café en combinación con gallinaza a dos alturas en magentas en un moscario. Configuración y Diseño: Diseño bifactorial completamente aleatorizado con dos factores: Factor 1- cantidad de sustrato (borra de café y gallinaza, %), Factor 2- altura del sustrato en la magenta (tres y cinco, cm). A- 100 % borra de café; B- 25 % gallinaza + 75 % borra de café; C- 50 % borra de café + 50 % gallinaza; D- 75 % borra de café + 25 % gallinaza; E- 100 % gallinaza a tres centímetros de altura y E, F, G, H, I, J con las mismas proporciones de sustratos a cinco centímetros de altura, replicados seis veces. Materiales y Métodos: En cada combinación se midieron las temperaturas en sustratos y ambiente en moscario por la mañana y tarde, la cantidad y peso de las larvas de moscas cosechadas al noveno día y su rendimiento; y la presencia de Salmonella y coliformes fecales. Resultados: La temperatura en los sustratos (34,50 oC - 37,10 oC). fue superior al ambiente (17,80 oC – 34,2 oC) en todo el período. El rendimiento tuvo influenciado por el número de larvas, que fue mayor para el tratamiento E y J con 12,302 y 21,765 g kg-1, respectivamente y no por el peso de las larvas que no difirió. Conclusiones: La inclusión de borra de café en diferentes proporciones con la gallinaza no posibilita la obtención de larvas de moscas.(AU)

Objective: To evaluate the production of larvae of flies in coffee grounds in combination with layer manure at two heights in magentas in a moscario. Configuration and Design: Completely randomized bifactorial design was established with the following factors: Factor 1 - quantity of substrate (coffee grounds and layer manure, %), Factor 2 - height of the substrate in magenta (three and five, cm). A- coffee grounds 100%; B- layer manure 25% + coffee grounds 75%; C- coffee grounds 50%+ layer manure 50%; D- coffee grounds 75% + layer manure 25%; E- layer manure 100% at three centimeters in height and E, F, G, H, I, J with the same proportions of substrates at five centimeters in height. Each interaction was replicated six times. Materials and Methods: In each combination the temperatures were measured in substrates and ambient temperature in moscario at morning and afternoon, the quantity and weight of the larvae of flies harvested to the ninth day and their yield; and the presence of Salmonella and faecal coliforms. Results: The temperature in the substrates (34.50 oC – 37.10 oC). went superior to the ambient (17.80 oC – 34.2 oC) in the whole period. The yield had influenced by the number of larvae, that was bigger for the treatment E and J with 12.302 and 21,756 g kg-1, respectively and not for the weight of the larvae that didn't differ. Conclusions: The inclusion of coffee grounds in different proportions with the layer manure doesn't facilitate the obtaining of larvae of flies.(AU)

Composición de la microbiota intestinal en pacientes con esclerosis múltiple. Influencia del tratamiento con interferón B-1b / The influence of interferon B–1b on gut microbiota composition in patients with multiple sclerosis

Introducción. El papel de la microbiota en los modelos animales de esclerosis múltiple está bien establecido; por el contrario, los estudios en humanos son escasos.MétodosEstudio transversal descriptivo que compara la composición relativa de la microbiota intestinal en 30 pacientes con esclerosis múltiple (15 tratados con interferón β-1b, 15 sin tratamiento) y 14 controles sanos utilizando la secuenciación de última generación.ResultadosLos sujetos control y los pacientes con esclerosis múltiple presentaron diferente abundancia de los filos Euryarchaeota, Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, y Lentisphaerae y 17 especies bacterianas. Concretamente, la abundancia en Firmicutes, Actinobacteria y Lentisphaerae y 6 especies mostró diferencias al comparar los grupos control y sin tratamiento, desapareciendo esta diferencia cuando se compararon con los pacientes tratados. Se observó reducción estadísticamente significativa en la abundancia de Prevotella copri en pacientes sin tratamiento en comparación con controles, mientras que los tratados con interferón β-1b presentaron un aumento significativo frente a pacientes sin tratamiento, asemejándose al grupo de pacientes sanos control.ConclusiónLa composición de la microbiota intestinal fue diferente entre los pacientes con esclerosis múltiple y los controles, y entre los pacientes sin tratamiento y los tratados con interferón β-1b. En la mayoría de los casos, no se encontraron diferencias entre los pacientes tratados y los controles sanos, siendo especialmente evidente con P. copri. Esto podría indicar que la influencia del interferón β-1b sobre la microbiota intestinal podría subyacer en los beneficios clínicos observados en pacientes con esclerosis múltiple que siguen este tratamiento. Serán necesarios estudios longitudinales y funcionales para poder mostrar causalidad. (AU)

Introduction: The association between gut microbiota and animal models of multiple sclerosis has been well established; however, studies in humans are scarce.MethodsWe performed a descriptive, cross-sectional study comparing the relative composition of gut microbiota in 30 patients with multiple sclerosis (15 treated with interferon β–1b, 15 not receiving this treatment) and 14 healthy controls using next generation sequencing.ResultsPatients with multiple sclerosis and controls showed differences in the proportion of Euryarchaeota, Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, and Lentisphaerae phyla and in 17 bacterial species. More specifically, we found significant differences in the proportion of Firmicutes, Actinobacteria, and Lentisphaerae and 6 bacteria species between controls and untreated patients; however, these differences disappeared when compared with treated patients. Untreated patients showed a significant reduction in the proportion of Prevotella copri compared to controls, while the bacteria was significantly more abundant in patients treated with interferon β–1b than in untreated patients, with levels resembling those observed in the healthy control group.ConclusionWe observed differences in gut microbiota composition between patients with multiple sclerosis and controls, and between patients treated and not treated with interferon β–1b. In most cases, no differences were observed between treated patients and healthy controls, particularly for P. copri levels. This suggests that the clinical improvements observed in patients with multiple sclerosis receiving interferon β–1b may result from the effect of the drug on gut microbiota. Longitudinal and functional studies are necessary to establish a causal relationship. (AU)

Evolución del microbioma intestinal en un proceso de transferencia de microbiota fecal (TMF) en un paciente con infección por Clostridioides difficile: análisis por NGS con diferentes programas bioinformáticos / Evolution of intestinal microbiome in a process of faecal microbiota transfer (FMT) in a patient with Clostridioides difficile infection: NGS analysis with different software programs

Introducción: La diarrea por Clostridioides difficile es un importante problema de salud pública, cuyo tratamiento es complejo. La transferencia de microbiota fecal (TMF) se postula como una terapia útil para prevenir recidivas. Material y métodos: Se analizaron seis muestras fecales, una procedente del donante y cinco del paciente antes y después de la TMF. Se amplificó y secuenció el gen 16Sr mediante secuenciación masiva y se estudió la diversidad y composición taxonómica. Resultados: La diversidad aumentó en las muestras post-TMF, y se identificaron dos clústeres, uno formado por las muestras no patológicas (donante y paciente post-TMF), y otro por la muestra patológica. Los resultados obtenidos a través Qiime2 y Bioconductor fueron similares. Conclusión: El análisis realizado demostró un incremento en la diversidad taxonómica del paciente tras la TMF, sugiriendo su utilidad. Además, los resultados obtenidos con Qiime2 y Bioconductor reflejaron la importancia de unificar los análisis bioinformáticos.(AU)

Introduction: Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) has become a global healthcare challenge due to increases in its incidence and mortality rates. Faecal microbiota transfer (FMT) is postulated as a protocol to prevent CDI recurrence. Material and methods: A donor faecal sample and patient faecal samples (pre-FMT and post-FMT) were analysed. The r16S gene was amplified and sequenced by NGS, and its diversity and taxonomy composition were examined. Results: Microbial richness increased in post-FMT samples, and the β diversity studies grouped the samples into two clusters. One included the non-pathological samples (donor and pre-FMT samples), and the other included the pathological sample. The results obtained by Qiime2 and Bioconductor were similar. Conclusion: The analysis showed an increase in taxonomic diversity after the FMT, which suggests its usefulness. Moreover, these results showed that standardisation of bioinformatics analysis is key.(AU)

Villous atrophy persistence in celiac disease despite following a gluten-free diet must be clarified

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El manejo de los episodios de diarrea atendidos en Atención Primaria / Management of diarrhea episodes attended in Primary Care

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