Capecitabine/cisplatin combined with concurrent intensity-modulated radiation therapy: a feasible therapeutic strategy for anal squamous cell carcinoma

Purpose To evaluate the efficacy and safety of capecitabine/cisplatin (XP) combined with intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) in patients with non-metastatic anal squamous cell carcinoma (ASCC). Method and materials All patients with ASCC who received radical concurrent chemoradiotherapy in the past 8 years were screened. Patients who received XP or mitomycin/5-fluorouracil (MF) were selected and analyzed retrospectively. Results ASCC is an uncommon cancer, there were 36 patients were included in our study. The XP group and MF group included 18 patients each. The clinical complete response (cCR) rates in the XP group and the MF group were 94.4% and 88.9%, respectively (P = 1). The 2-year local control (LC), disease-free survival (DFS), and colostomy-free survival (CFS) rates were higher in the XP group than in the MF group (100% vs 93.3%, P = 0.32). Hematologic toxicities, especially grade ≥ 3 leukopenia (11.1% vs 44.4%, P = 0.06) and neutropenia (5.6% vs 61.1%, P = 0.001), were lower in the XP group than MF group. As a result of fewer side effects, fewer patients in the XP group demanded the dose reduction of chemotherapy (11.1% vs 50%, P = 0.03) and radiation interruption (55.6% vs 77.8%, P = 0.289). Delayed radiotherapy was shorter in the XP group (2.5 vs 6.5 days, P = 0.042) than in the MF group. Conclusion The XP regimen was as effective as the MF regimen in non-metastatic ASCC. Compared with the standard MF regimen, XP combined with IMRT showed higher treatment completion and lower toxicities. It could be considered a feasible alternative for patients with non-metastatic ASCC (AU)

Melanoma anal, una patología radicalmente distinta al melanoma cutáneo, con un pronóstico infausto / Anal melanoma, a radically different pathology from cutaneous melanoma with a tragic prognosis

No disponible

Enfermedad de Paget perianal: un trastorno raro que enmascara un carcinoma anorrectal subyacente / Perianal Paget's disease: A rare disorder masking an underlying anorectal carcinoma

No disponible

Dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans en región perianal: estudio de un caso, revisión y actualización / Perianal dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans: a case report, review and update

El dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans es un sarcoma de bajo grado que típicamente se origina en dermis con extensión local a tejido celular subcutáneo y músculo. Presentamos un dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans perianal en un varón de 41 años que le ocasionaba proctalgia y estreñimiento, y revisamos la literatura científica. El interés del caso reside fundamentalmente en la excepcionalidad de que un dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans se presente en región perianal (solo 2 casos previamente descritos) y en esa línea, en la dificultad del manejo quirúrgico en dicha topografía. El reordenamiento t(17;22)(q22;q13) con el resultado de la fusión génica COL1A1/PDGFß en estos tumores no solo es una característica de utilidad diagnóstica; también, otorga una alternativa terapéutica en casos inoperables o metastásicos con el uso de imatinib

Dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans is a low-grade sarcoma typically originating in the dermis but with local invasion of subcutaneous cell and muscle tissue. We report a case of perianal dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans in a 41-year-old male complaining of anal pain and constipation. To date, only two cases of perianal dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans have been reported. The unusual location hinders surgical treatment. The characteristic translocation t(17;22)(q22;q13) leading to the formation of COL1A1/PDGFß fusion transcripts is not only of diagnostic value but also enables an alternative imatinib-based therapy in inoperable or metastatic cases. The pertinent literature is reviewed

Alta prevalencia e incidencia de lesiones precursoras de cáncer anal asociada a la infección por VPH en mujeres VIH positivas en la era tardía del TAR / High prevalence and incidence of HPV-related anal cancer precursor lesions in HIV-positive women in the late HAART era

INTRODUCCIÓN: El cáncer de ano (CA) es uno de los tumores no definitorios de sida más frecuentes, principalmente en hombres que tienen sexo con hombres y mujeres infectadas por VIH. OBJETIVOS: Evaluar la prevalencia e incidencia de lesiones precursoras (HSIL) y CA en nuestra cohorte de mujeres, y compararlas con las de cérvix; analizar el porcentaje de pacientes que adquieren y aclaran genotipos oncogénicos (VPH-AR) del canal anal; y los factores predictores para dicha infección en ano. Paciente y métodos: Estudio prospectivo-longitudinal (mayo de 2012-diciembre de 2016). En visita basal (V1) y posteriores se tomaban muestras de mucosa anal en medio líquido para citología, y PCR del VPH. En caso de citología anal patológica y/o PCR del VPH-AR positiva se realizaba anoscopia de alta resolución. Además, se enviaban al ginecólogo. RESULTADOS: Noventa y cinco mujeres de 43,7 años fueron incluidas. En V1, el 11,6% tenían patología cervical (4,1% CIN1; 2,2% CIN2/3; 1,1% cáncer de cérvix [CC]); el 64,3% presentaban patología anal (50% LSIL/AIN1, 9,5% HSIL/AIN2/3 y 2,4% CA) y el 49,4%, infección por VPH-AR. Durante 3 6meses de seguimiento la incidencia de HSIL anal fue de 16 × 1.000 persona-año; el 14,8% adquirieron VPH-AR y el 51,2% los aclararon, p = 0,007; ninguna presentó CIN1/2/3 o CC. En el análisis multivariante encontramos como factores predictores de infección por VPH-AR: tabaquismo (RR: 1,55; IC9 5%: 0,99-2,42), número de parejas sexuales > 3 (RR: 1,69; IC 95%: 1,09-2,62), displasia cervical (RR: 1,83; IC 95%: 1,26-2,67) y anal (RR: 1,55; IC 95%: 1,021-2,35). CONCLUSIONES: A pesar de que el aclaramiento de genotipos oncogénicos en ano era mayor que la adquisición, la prevalencia e incidencia de HSIL era elevada, y superior a la de cérvix, por lo que quizá debería ofertarse el cribado de dichas lesiones a todas las mujeres seropositivas

INTRODUCTION: Anal cancer is one of the most common non-AIDS defining malignancies, especially in men who have sex with men and women living with HIV (WLHIV). OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the prevalence and incidence of precursor lesions (high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions [HSIL]) and anal cancer in our cohort of women and to compare them to cervical lesions; to calculate the percentage of patients that acquire and clear oncogenic genotypes (HR-HPV) in the anal canal; and to determine predictive factors for anal HPV infection. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Prospective-longitudinal study (May 2012-December 2016). At baseline (V1) and follow up visits, anal mucosa samples were taken in liquid medium for cytology and HPV PCR. In cases of abnormal anal cytology and/or positive HR-HPV PCR results, a high resolution anoscopy was performed. Patients were also referred to the gynaecologist. RESULTS: Ninety five women with an average age of 43.7 years were included. At baseline, 11.6% had cervical abnormalities (4.1% CIN1, 2.2% CIN2/3, 1.1% cervical cancer), 64.3% anal abnormalities (50% LSIL/AIN1, 9.5% HSIL/AIN2/3 and 2.4% anal cancer) and 49.4% had HR-HPV genotypes. During 36 months of follow up, the incidence of anal HSIL was 16 × 1,000 person-years; 14.8% acquired HR-HPV genotypes and 51.2% cleared them, P = .007. No patients presented CIN1/2/3/ or cervical cancer. In the multivariate analysis we found the following predictive factors for HR-HPV infection: smoking (RR: 1.55, 95% CI: 0.99-2.42), number of sexual partners > 3 (RR: 1.69; 95% CI: 1.09-2.62), cervical and anal dysplasia (RR: 1.83; 95% CI: 1.26-2.67) and (RR: 1.55; 95% CI: 1.021-2.35), respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Despite clearance rates of anal oncogenic genotypes being higher than acquisition rates, prevalence and incidence of HSIL were still high and greater than cervical HSIL. Therefore, screening for these lesions should perhaps be offered to all WLHIV

Adenocarcinoma of the anal canal with an exceptional immunohistochemistry in a patient with serrated polyposis syndrome: a diagnostic challenge / Adenocarcinoma de canal anal con inmunohistoquímica excepcional en paciente con síndrome de poliposis serrada: un reto diagnóstico

No disponible

Atypical lymphogranuloma venereum mimicking an anorectal neoplasm / Linfogranuloma venéreo atípico simulando neoplasia anorrectal

No disponible

The effect of dose escalation for large squamous cell carcinomas of the anal canal

Purpose: Chemoradiation allows for organ preservation in patients with anal cancer, but patients with large tumors (> 5 cm) have elevated rates of locoregional recurrence. With conformal radiation techniques, there is interest in dose escalation to decrease local recurrence in patients with large tumor size. Methods/patients: The National Cancer Database (NCDB) was used to identify patients with anal cancer from 2004 to 2013 with tumors > 5 cm. Adult patients who received definitive chemoradiation were included. Patients with prior resection were excluded. High dose was defined as greater than or equal to 5940 cGy. Statistical analyses were performed using logistic regression, Kaplan-Meier, and Cox proportional hazards for overall survival (OS). Results: In total, 1349 patients were analyzed with 412 (30.5%) receiving high-dose radiation therapy (RT). 5-year OS was 58 and 60% for high and standard dose RT, respectively (p = 0.9887). On univariate analysis, high-dose RT was not associated with improved OS (HR = 0.998, CI 0.805-1.239, p = 0.9887). On multivariate analysis, high-dose RT (HR = 0.948, CI 0.757-1.187, p = 0.6420) was not associated with improved OS but older age (HR = 1.535, CI 1.233-1.911, p = 0.0001), male sex (HR = 1.695, CI 1.382-2.080, p < 0.0001), comorbidities (HR = 1.389, CI 1.097-1.759, p = 0.0064), and long RT (HR = 1.299, CI 1.047-1.611, p = 0.0173) were significantly associated with decreased OS. Conclusions: There was no observed difference in OS for dose escalation of anal cancers > 5 cm in this population-based analysis. Differences in local control and salvage therapy cannot be assessed through the NCDB. Whether dose escalation of large tumors may improve local control and colostomy-free survival remains an important question and is the subject of ongoing trials

No disponible

Why anal cytology is not enough in a dysplasia screening program

No disponible

Neoplasia intraepitelial anal en pacientes de riesgo: ¿cómo y a quién realizar un programa de cribado? / Anal intraepitelial neoplasia: how and for who do we perform a screening program?

No disponible

Mucinous adenocarcinoma on perianal fistula. A rising entity?

Introduction. Mucinous adenocarcinoma on perianal fistula is a rare entity; it could be underdiagnosed because it behaves often as a regular perianal fistula. Materials and methods. We have recently treated four cases in our unit. We present them and review the literature, emphasizing on clinical characteristic and therapeutic options. The four patients were male with a mean age of 64. Three of them were classified as locally advances cases and therefore treated with neoadjuvant therapy. Results. All of them underwent laparoscopic abdominoperineal escisión. Surgical specimens are described and clinical characteristic specified. Review of the literature shows that this disease has a very high potential risk of local recurrence and we must be aggressive with the resection. Sometimes plastic surgery is needed to reconstruct the perianal wound. Conclusions. Mucinous adenocarcinoma associated with anal fistula is a rare disease. Neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy followed by an adequate abdominoperineal excision may result in favourable outcomes

No disponible

Anal cytology, histopathology and anoscopy in an anal dysplasia screening program: is anal cytology enough?

Background and aim: The human papilloma virus is the leading cause of anal squamous cell carcinoma. Cytological screening may reduce the associated morbidity and mortality. The aim of the study was to estimate the agreement between anal cytological examination, histopathology and anoscopic visual impression. Methods: A prospective study of patients who underwent anal dysplasia screening between 2011 and 2015, in a proctology clinic of a tertiary referral center. Results: During the study period, 141 patients (91% men, 87% with HIV infection) underwent 175 anal cytology tests. Of these, 33% were negative for intraepithelial lesions or malignancy (NILM), 22% were atypical squamous cells of uncertain significance (ASCUS), 33% were low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (LSIL) and 12% were high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (HSIL). With regard to anoscopic visual impression, 46% of patients had no lesions and excision/biopsy of the identified lesions was performed in the remaining patients. The weighted kappa-agreement between abnormal cytological results and anoscopic visual impression was moderate (k = 0.48). The weighted kappa-agreement between simultaneous anal cytological examinations and anal histopathologic findings was low (kappa = 0.20). With regard to the histological examination of cases with HSIL or superficially invasive squamous cell carcinoma, 64% of patients had dysplasia of a lower grade according to the cytological analysis (6 ASCUS, 18 LSIL and 4 NILM). Conclusion: There was a poor correlation between anal cytology, histopathology and anoscopic visual impression and a high number of histological studies of HGD that were of a lower dysplastic degree according to the cytological examination. Therefore, anal cytology screening should not be used as the sole method of anal dysplasia screening (AU)

No disponible

Anorectal melanoma: An atypical cause of rectorrhagia / Causa atípica de rectorragia: melanoma anorrectal

No disponible

Tumoración perianal que simulaba ser un absceso / Perianal tumour simulating an abscess

No disponible

Microcirugía endoscópica transanal en el tratamiento de lesiones rectales atípicas / Transanal endoscopic microsurgery for the treatment of uncommon rectal lesions

Introducción: La microcirugía endoscópica transanal (TEM) se diseña como una alternativa menos agresiva en el tratamiento de lesiones rectales (principalmente adenomas y adenocarcinomas). Sin embargo, su uso se ha ampliado a otras lesiones rectales para intentar disminuir la morbilidad añadida a técnicas más invasivas. El objetivo de este estudio es mostrar nuestra experiencia en el uso de la TEM en el tratamiento de otras lesiones rectales, diferentes de adenomas y adenocarcinomas. Métodos: Estudio retrospectivo descriptivo en el que se incluyen pacientes intervenidos mediante TEM para el tratamiento de lesiones rectales (diferentes a adenomas o adenocarcinomas) desde junio de 2008 hasta diciembre de 2016. Resultados: Entre los 138 pacientes operados mediante TEM en nuestro servicio, 10 fueron tratados por lesiones diferentes a adenomas o adenocarcinomas. Las lesiones rectales fueron 3tumores neuroendocrinos primarios, una metástasis de tumor neuroendocrino, una estenosis rectal, un pólipo cloacogénico, un endometrioma, un tumor retrorrectal, un absceso presacro y una lesión sin filiar en tabique rectovaginal. El tiempo operatorio medio fue de 72 min y la estancia postoperatoria de 4,2 días. Solo un paciente necesitó reintervención por rectorragia. Conclusiones: La aplicación del TEM para el tratamiento de lesiones rectales diferentes a adenomas o adenocarcinomas puede ser una herramienta útil que potencialmente ayude a disminuir la morbilidad asociada a otros tipos de técnicas quirúrgicas más invasivas (AU)

Introduction: Transanal endoscopic microsurgery (TEM) was developed as a less aggressive alternative treatment for rectal lesions (mainly adenomas and adenocarcinomas). However, its use for other rectal lesions has become more frequent, trying to reduce the morbidity associated with more invasive techniques. The aim of this study is to describe our experience in the use of TEM in other rectal lesions. Methods: Retrospective and descriptive study including patients operated with TEM (from June 2008 to December 2016) for the treatment of rectal lesions different from adenomas or adenocarcinomas. Results: Among the 138 patients treated by TEM in our department, 10 patients were operated on for rectal lesions other than adenomas or adenocarcinomas. Rectal lesions were 3neuroendocrine tumours, a neuroendocrine tumour metastasis, a rectal stenosis, a cloacogenic polyp, an endometrioma, a retrorrectal tumour, a presacral abscess and a lesion in the rectovaginal septum. Mean operative time was 72min and postoperative stay was 4.2 days. Only one patient needed a reoperation, due to rectal bleeding. Conclusions: TEM could be a useful tool for the treatment of rectal lesions different from adenomas or adenocarcinomas, potentially decreasing the morbidity associated with more aggressive surgical techniques (AU)

Poblaciones diana para el cribado del virus del papiloma humano (VPH) y lesiones precursoras de carcinoma anal; resultados de un estudio piloto en varones VIH con factores sexuales de riesgo / Target population for the screening of human papillomavirus (HPV) and anal carcinoma precursor lesions - Results from a pilot study in HIV-infected males with sexual risk factors

No disponible