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3.
Hipertens. riesgo vasc ; 41(1): 58-61, Ene-Mar, 2024. ilus
Artigo em Inglês | IBECS | ID: ibc-231667

RESUMO

Atropine, a competitive antagonist of acetylcholine muscarinic receptors, is commonly used to treat severe bradycardia by blocking parasympathetic activity. We present a rare case of hypertensive emergency following atropine administration, with only one previous report in the literature. A 78-year-old woman with essential hypertension and hypercholesterolemia was admitted to the cardiac intensive care unit for non-ST segment elevation myocardial infarction. During coronary angiography, an occlusion of the right coronary artery was identified. While removing the diagnostic catheter through the right radial artery, the patient experienced intense pain and discomfort, accompanied by a vasovagal reflex characterized by bradycardia and hypotension. Intravenous atropine (0.5mg) was administered, leading to a rapid rise in heart rate with frequent ventricular ectopy. Subsequently, a progressive and exaggerated elevation in arterial blood pressure occurred, peaking at 294/121mmHg approximately 10min after atropine administration. The patient developed hypertensive acute pulmonary edema, successfully treated with intravenous nitroglycerine (10mg) and furosemide (60mg). Blood pressure normalized after approximately 14min. The exact mechanism of atropine-induced hypertensive emergency remains unknown. While hypertensive emergencies with atropine are exceedingly rare, healthcare professionals should be aware of this potential effect and be prepared for prompt intervention.(AU)


La atropina, un antagonista competitivo de los receptores muscarínicos de acetilcolina, se utiliza comúnmente para tratar la bradicardia severa al bloquear la actividad parasimpática. Presentamos un caso raro de emergencia hipertensiva después de la administración de atropina, con solo un informe previo en la literatura. Una mujer de 78 años con hipertensión esencial e hipercolesterolemia fue ingresada en la unidad de cuidados intensivos cardíacos por infarto agudo de miocardio sin elevación del segmento ST. Durante la angiografía coronaria, se identificó una oclusión de la arteria coronaria derecha. Mientras se retiraba el catéter diagnóstico a través de la arteria radial derecha, la paciente experimentó un intenso dolor y malestar, acompañado de un reflejo vasovagal caracterizado por bradicardia e hipotensión. Se administró atropina intravenosa (0,5 mg), lo que provocó un rápido aumento de la frecuencia cardíaca con frecuente ectopia ventricular. Posteriormente, ocurrió una elevación progresiva y exagerada de la presión arterial, alcanzando un máximo de 294/121 mmHg aproximadamente 10 minutos después de la administración de atropina. La paciente desarrolló edema pulmonar agudo hipertensivo, tratado con éxito con nitroglicerina intravenosa (10 mg) y furosemida (60 mg). La presión arterial se normalizó después de aproximadamente 14 minutos. El mecanismo exacto de la emergencia hipertensiva inducida por atropina sigue siendo desconocido. Aunque las emergencias hipertensivas con atropina son excepcionalmente raras, los profesionales de la salud deben estar al tanto de este efecto potencial y estar preparados para intervenir rápidamente.(AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Feminino , Idoso , Atropina/administração & dosagem , Atropina/efeitos adversos , Bradicardia , Hipercolesterolemia , Angiografia Coronária , Efeitos Colaterais e Reações Adversas Relacionados a Medicamentos , Pacientes Internados , Exame Físico , Hipertensão , Pressão Arterial
4.
J. physiol. biochem ; 80(1): 205-218, Feb. 2024. ilus, graf
Artigo em Inglês | IBECS | ID: ibc-229951

RESUMO

O-GlcNAcylation, a nutritionally driven, post-translational modification of proteins, is gaining importance because of its health implications. Changes in O-GlcNAcylation are observed in various disease conditions. Changes in O-GlcNAcylation by diet that causes hypercholesterolemia are not critically looked into in the liver. To address it, both in vitro and in vivo approaches were employed. Hypercholesterolemia was induced individually by feeding cholesterol (H)/high-fat (HF) diet. Global O-GlcNAcylation levels and modulation of AMPK activation in both preventive and curative approaches were looked into. Diet-induced hypercholesterolemia resulted in decreased O-GlcNAcylation of liver proteins which was associated with decreased O-linked N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase (OGT) and Glutamine fructose-6-phosphate amidotransferase-1 (GFAT1). Activation of AMPK by metformin in preventive mode restored the O-GlcNAcylation levels; however, metformin treatment of HepG2 cells in curative mode restored O-GlcNAcylation levels in HF but failed to in H condition (at 24 h). Further, maternal faulty diet resulted in decreased O-GlcNAcylation in pup liver despite feeding normal diet till adulthood. A faulty diet modulates global O-GlcNAcylation of liver proteins which is accompanied by decreased AMPK activation which could exacerbate metabolic syndromes through fat accumulation in the liver. (AU)


Assuntos
Hipercolesterolemia , Doenças Metabólicas , Vias Biossintéticas , Hexosaminas
5.
Clín. investig. arterioscler. (Ed. impr.) ; 36(1): 1-11, Ene. -Feb. 2024. tab, graf
Artigo em Inglês, Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-230448

RESUMO

Objetivo Estimar la frecuencia y el perfil clínico de la hipercolesterolemia severa (HS) y del fenotipo de hipercolesterolemia familiar (HF) en el ámbito de atención primaria, en un área sanitaria de la comunidad de Madrid (CAM). Material y métodos Estudio transversal, multicéntrico de sujetos con tarjeta sanitaria adscritos a 69 centros de salud (área NorOeste/CAM). Se definió HS como colesterol ≥300mg/dl o colesterol-LDL ≥220mg/dl en alguna analítica realizada (1-1-2018 a 30-12-2021), y fenotipo de HF como cLDL ≥240mg/dl (≥160mg/dl si tratamiento hipolipemiante), con triglicéridos <200mg/dl y TSH <5μIU/ml. Resultados Se analizaron 156.082 adultos ≥18años con perfil lipídico disponible. 6.187 sujetos tenían HS (3,96% de las analíticas estudiadas; IC95%: 3,87-4,06%). El tiempo medio de evolución del diagnóstico de hiperlipemia en la historia clínica informatizada fue 10,8años; el 36,5% tenían hipertensión, el 9,5%, diabetes, y el 62,9%, sobrepeso/obesidad. El 83,7% tomaban hipolipemiantes (65,7% de baja/moderada y 28,6% de alta/muy-alta intensidad). El 6,1% tenían enfermedad cardiovascular (94,2% tratados con hipolipemiantes), con colesterol LDL <55, <70 y <100mg/dl de 1,8%, 5,8% y 20,2%, respectivamente (vs 1%, 2,3% y 11,2% si no había enfermedad cardiovascular). Mil seiscientos sujetos tenían fenotipo de HF (IC95%: 1,03%, 0,98-1,08%). Conclusiones Cuatro de cada 100 pacientes analizados en atención primaria tienen HS. Hay un elevado nivel de tratamiento farmacológico, pero de insuficiente intensidad, y escaso logro de objetivos terapéuticos. Uno de cada 100 tiene fenotipo de HF. La identificación de ambas situaciones por registros informatizados permitiría su detección más precisa y precoz y establecer estrategias preventivas cardiovasculares. (AU)


Objective To examine the frequency of severe hypercholesterolemia (HS) and its clinical profile, and the phenotype of familial hypercholesterolemia (FH), in the primary-care setting in a large health area of the Community of Madrid (CAM). Material and methods Multicenter study of subjects with a health card assigned to 69 health centers (Northwest/CAM area). HS was defined as cholesterol ≥300mg/dL or LDL-cholesterol ≥220mg/dL in any analysis performed (1-1-2018 to 12-30-2021); and FH phenotype as c-LDL ≥240mg/dL (≥160mg/dL if lipid-lowering treatment) with triglycerides <200mg/dL and TSH <5μIU/mL. Results 156,082 adults ≥18years with an available lipid profile were analyzed. 6187 subjects had HS (3.96% of the laboratory tests studied, 95%CI: 3.87-4.06%). The mean evolution time of the diagnosis of hyperlipidemia in the computerized clinical record was 10.8years, 36.5% had hypertension, 9.5% diabetes and 62.9% overweight/obesity. 83.7% were taking lipid-lowering drugs (65.7% low/moderate and 28.6% high/very high intensity). 6.1% had cardiovascular disease (94.2% treated with lipid-lowering agents), with LDL-cholesterol <55, <70 and <100mg/dL of 1.8%, 5.8% and 20.2%, respectively (vs. 1%, 2.3% and 11.2% if no cardiovascular disease). 1600 subjects had FH phenotype (95%CI: 1.03%, 0.98-1.08%). Conclusions Four out of 100 patients analyzed in primary care have HS, with high treatment level, but insufficient intensity, and poor achievement of treatment goals. One in 100 have the FH phenotype. The identification of both dyslipidemias by computerized records would allow their more precise and early detection and establish cardiovascular preventive strategies. (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adulto Jovem , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Hipercolesterolemia/epidemiologia , Hiperlipoproteinemia Tipo II/epidemiologia , Dislipidemias/epidemiologia , Atenção Primária à Saúde , Estudos Transversais , Estudos Multicêntricos como Assunto , Espanha/epidemiologia , Doenças Cardiovasculares
6.
J. physiol. biochem ; 80(1): 205-218, Feb. 2024. ilus, graf
Artigo em Inglês | IBECS | ID: ibc-EMG-578

RESUMO

O-GlcNAcylation, a nutritionally driven, post-translational modification of proteins, is gaining importance because of its health implications. Changes in O-GlcNAcylation are observed in various disease conditions. Changes in O-GlcNAcylation by diet that causes hypercholesterolemia are not critically looked into in the liver. To address it, both in vitro and in vivo approaches were employed. Hypercholesterolemia was induced individually by feeding cholesterol (H)/high-fat (HF) diet. Global O-GlcNAcylation levels and modulation of AMPK activation in both preventive and curative approaches were looked into. Diet-induced hypercholesterolemia resulted in decreased O-GlcNAcylation of liver proteins which was associated with decreased O-linked N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase (OGT) and Glutamine fructose-6-phosphate amidotransferase-1 (GFAT1). Activation of AMPK by metformin in preventive mode restored the O-GlcNAcylation levels; however, metformin treatment of HepG2 cells in curative mode restored O-GlcNAcylation levels in HF but failed to in H condition (at 24 h). Further, maternal faulty diet resulted in decreased O-GlcNAcylation in pup liver despite feeding normal diet till adulthood. A faulty diet modulates global O-GlcNAcylation of liver proteins which is accompanied by decreased AMPK activation which could exacerbate metabolic syndromes through fat accumulation in the liver. (AU)


Assuntos
Hipercolesterolemia , Doenças Metabólicas , Vias Biossintéticas , Hexosaminas
7.
Clín. investig. arterioscler. (Ed. impr.) ; 35(5): 248-261, sep.-oct. 2023. ilus, tab
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-226513

RESUMO

Para el tratamiento de la hipercolesterolemia, además de aconsejar una alimentación saludable, puede ser conveniente recomendar alimentos funcionales o nutracéuticos con efecto hipolipemiante. Dado el progresivo incremento en el número de estos productos y su creciente utilización por la población, la Sociedad Española de Arteriosclerosis (SEA) ha creído conveniente revisar la información disponible, seleccionar los resultados de los estudios científicamente más sólidos y posicionarse sobre la utilidad de los mismos, para recomendar a los profesionales sanitarios y a la población general su potencial utilidad en términos de eficacia y sus posibles beneficios y limitaciones. Se han identificado los siguientes escenarios clínicos en los que se podrían utilizar estos productos y que se analizarán con más detalle en este documento: 1. Tratamiento hipolipemiante en sujetos con intolerancia a estatinas. 2. Tratamiento hipolipemiante «a la carta» en personas en prevención primaria. 3. Prevención cardiovascular a largo plazo en personas sin indicación de tratamiento hipolipemiante. 4. Pacientes con tratamiento hipolipemiante optimizado que no alcanzan objetivos terapéuticos. (AU)


In the management of hypercholesterolemia, besides advising a healthy, plant-based diet, it may be useful to recommend functional foods or nutraceutical with cholesterol-lowering properties. Given the progressive increase in the number of these products and their rising use by the population, the Spanish Society of Arteriosclerosis (SEA) has considered it appropriate to review the available information, select the results of the scientifically more robust studies and take a position on their usefulness, to recommend to health professionals and the general population their potential utility in terms of efficacy and their possible benefits and limitations. The following clinical scenarios have been identified in which these products could be used and will be analyzed in more detail in this document: (1) Hypolipidemic treatment in subjects with statin intolerance. (2) Hypolipidemic treatment «a la carte» in individuals in primary prevention. (3) Long-term cardiovascular prevention in individuals with no indication for lipid-lowering therapy. (4) Patients with optimized lipid-lowering treatment who do not achieve therapeutic objectives. (AU)


Assuntos
Hipercolesterolemia/terapia , Suplementos Nutricionais , Alimento Funcional , Fitosteróis/administração & dosagem , Fitosteróis/uso terapêutico , Oryza , LDL-Colesterol
8.
Nutr. clín. diet. hosp ; 43(3): 89-103, Juli 26, 2023. ilus, tab, graf
Artigo em Inglês | IBECS | ID: ibc-223596

RESUMO

Excessive consumption of cholesterol could increase the cholesterol level in the blood which is recognized as hypercholesterolemia. LDL (Low-Density Lipoprotein) is a dangerous type of cholesterol particle for the body. A non-pharmacology therapy that could decrease the cholesterol level in the blood is the consumption of Parigi pineapple fruit (Ananas sp.). Three primary contents of Parigi pineapple (Ananas Sp.): Vitamin C, Niacin, and Myricetin could fix the lipid profile. This quasi-experimental research aims to discover the effect of Parigi pineapple juice consumption on the LDL cholesterol level in the Faculty of Medicine Students, University of Palangka Raya. Methods : The design is one group pre-test and post-test with the sample in total of 43 male and female students from batch 2020 Faculty of Medicine, University of Palangka Raya, selected through convenience sampling. The tools are Cobas C111, centrifuge cholesterol-checking devices, and juice-making tools such as knife, scales, measuring cylinder, blender, glass, and gloves. Results: After the consumption of Parigi pineapple juice (Ananas Sp.) for 6 days with the dose of 142 gr/70 kg, the data were calculated using the Wilcoxon test with α = 0.05 and p= 0.000. The average LDL cholesterol level dwindled from 118.7 mg/dl to 102.53 mg/dl. Conclusion: The treatment could be developed as non-pharmacology therapy since it is proven capable of decreasing LDL cholesterol level.(AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adolescente , Adulto Jovem , Colesterol , Lipoproteína(a) , Hipercolesterolemia , Ananas , Sucos de Frutas e Vegetais , Indonésia
9.
J. negat. no posit. results ; 8(2): 542-563, May 8, 2023. ilus, tab, graf, mapas
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-220176

RESUMO

Introducción: Las enfermedades cardiovasculares (ECV) son la primera causa de muerte a nivel mundial. Están fuertemente influenciadas por unos factores de riesgo (FR), algunos de ellos modificables concambios en el estilo de vida. De todos los FR, uno de los más prevalentes en la población es la hipertensiónarterial (HTA), definida por unos valores de presión arterial ≥140-90mmHg. Objetivos: Conocer la relación entre la HTA y el resto FR con el desarrollo de las distintas ECV, identificarel umbral idóneo para evitar sobrediagnósticos y sobretratamientos de la HTA, y reconocer la importanciade unos buenos hábitos de vida como prevención. Resultados y Discusión: En el estudio de FÉLIX-REDONDO et al. se demostró que el FR más influyenteen las ECV era la HTA. Sin embargo, esto puede variar según la edad, tal y como observaron VERA-REMARTÍNEZ et al. con su estudio, cuya media de edad era de 30 años, y el factor más prevalente fue eltabaco. El control de los hábitos de vida que ayuden a reducir tanto la HTA como el resto de factores, serábeneficioso para la prevención primaria y secundaria de ECV. Para evitar un tratamiento demasiadointensivo, es recomendable un enfoque gradual, comenzando con objetivos de prevención para todos lospacientes, independientemente del riesgo, siguiendo con la estratificación del riesgo de ECV y la discusiónde los beneficios potenciales del tratamiento con el paciente. Conclusiones: Las ECV, concretamente la cardiopatía isquémica y las enfermedades cerebrovasculares,son la principal causa de muerte en el mundo, por lo que es muy importante el control de aquellos FR queaceleren la aparición de estas. El más prevalente de ellos, es la presión arterial elevada.(AU)


Introduction: Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are the leading cause of death worldwide. They are stronglyinfluenced by some risk factors (RF), some of them modifiable with changes in lifestyle. Of all the RFs, oneof the most prevalent in the population is arterial hypertension (AHT), defined by blood pressure values≥140-90mmHg. Objectives: Know the relationship between HTA and the rest RF with the development of different CVDs,identify the ideal threshold to avoid overdiagnosis and overtreatment of HTN, and recognize the importanceof good lifestyle habits as prevention. Results and Discussion: In the study by FÉLIX-REDONDO et al. it was shown that the most influential RFin CVD was AHT. However, this may vary according to age, as observed by VERA-REMARTÍNEZ et al. withhis study, whose mean age was 30 years, and the most prevalent factor was tobacco. The control of lifestylehabits that help reduce both hypertension and the rest of the factors will be beneficial for the primary andsecondary prevention of CVD. To avoid overly intensive treatment, a stepwise approach is recommended,starting with prevention goals for all patients, regardless of risk, followed by CVD risk stratification anddiscussion of the potential benefits of treatment with the patient. Conclusions: CVD, specifically ischemic heart disease and cerebrovascular diseases, are the main causeof death in the world, so it is very important to control those RFs that accelerate their appearance. The mostprevalent of them is high blood pressure.(AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Idoso , Hipertensão , Doenças Cardiovasculares , Fatores de Risco , Isquemia Miocárdica , Espanha , Hipercolesterolemia
11.
Nutr. clín. diet. hosp ; 43(1): 12-19, Mar 23, 2023. tab
Artigo em Inglês | IBECS | ID: ibc-217966

RESUMO

Objective: To identify an association between prematurity and the nutritional, metabolic and inflammatory aspects of pre-school children. Methods: This was a case-control study with 32 preterm children and 32 full-term children. A nutritional diagnosis was obtained through the anthropometric indexes of height/age (H/A) and BMI/Age (BMI/A) using the WHO AnthroPlus® program. Metabolic assessment was performed through the levels of fasting glucose, fasting insulin, total cholesterol, triacylglycerides, high-density lipoprotein and low-density lipoprotein. The inflammatory profile was identified through the serum levels of interleukin 6 (IL-6) and C-reactive protein (CRP). Results: The assessment age of preterm children was 81 months ± 23.8. A shorter gestation time was associated with an increased waist circumference (p=0.035), and total cholesterol levels (p=0.031), and tended toward an association with higher interleukin 6 levels (p=0.062). Waist circumference was associated with higher adiposity (p=0.003) and with increased blood pressure (p=0.010). Conclusion: Preterm birth was related to increased levels of total serum cholesterol and increased waist circumference, thereby suggesting a higher risk of future cardiovascular events. No association was observed between gestational age and birth weight with other nutritional, metabolic or inflammatory aspects in the pre-school children assessed.(AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Recém-Nascido , Lactente , Nutrição do Lactente , Recém-Nascido Prematuro , Estado Nutricional , Antropometria , Metabolismo , Hipercolesterolemia , Circunferência da Cintura , 52503 , Estudos de Casos e Controles
12.
Neurología (Barc., Ed. impr.) ; 38(1): 16-21, enero 2023. tab, graf
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-214935

RESUMO

Introducción: El papel de las estatinas tras el ictus isquémico cambió con la publicación del estudio SPARCL en 2006. Nos planteamos valorar cómo ha influido en la prescripción de estatinas en esta población.MétodoEstudio retrospectivo de las altas por ictus isquémico en los hospitales Virgen Macarena, Virgen del Rocío y Valme de Sevilla durante dos periodos: 1999-2001 y 2014-2016.ResultadoIncluimos 1.575 pacientes, 661 (42%) mujeres, edad media 69 (± 10) años. Comparando los dos períodos, los pacientes del grupo post-SPARCL tienen mayor edad (68 ± 10 vs. 71 ± 11, p = 0,0001), mayor proporción de mujeres y mayor frecuencia de dislipidemia, hipertensión y diabetes. Al alta se utilizaron estatinas en el 18,7% frente al 86,9% (p = 0,0001), y estatinas de alta intensidad en el 11,1% frente al 54,4% (p = 0,0001), respectivamente. En ambos períodos la atorvastatina fue la estatina más recetada (80 mg, 6% vs. 42,7%; 40 mg, 5,1% vs. 11,1%). En el primer grupo, el uso de estatinas y de estatinas de alta intensidad se correlacionó con la hipercolesterolemia, y de forma inversa con la edad. En el segundo grupo, el uso de estatinas se correlacionó con la hipertensión y la hipercolesterolemia, y el de estatinas de alta intensidad, con la cardiopatía isquémica y, de forma inversa, con la edad.ConclusiónExiste un cambio evidente en la prescripción de estatinas al alta en pacientes con ictus isquémico. No obstante, muchos pacientes siguen infratratados y es preciso optimizar su uso. (AU)


Introduction: The role of statins after ischaemic stroke changed with the publication of the SPARCL study in 2006. We analyse how this has influenced the prescription of statins in this patient population.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective study of patients discharged with ischaemic stroke at the Virgen Macarena, Virgen del Rocío, and Valme hospitals in Seville (Spain) over two periods: 1999-2001 and 2014-2016.ResultsThe study included 1575 patients: 661 (42%) were women and mean age (standard deviation) was 69 (10) years. Patients from the later period are older (68 [10] vs 71 [11]; P = .0001); include a higher proportion of women; and present higher rates of dyslipidaemia, hypertension, and diabetes. At discharge, statins were used in 18.7% of patients (vs 86.9% in the first period; P = .0001), with high-intensity statins prescribed in 11.1% of cases (vs 54.4%; P = .0001). In both periods, atorvastatin was the most commonly prescribed statin (80 mg: 6% vs 42.7%; 40 mg: 5.1% vs 11.1%). In the first period, the use of statins and high-intensity statins was correlated with hypercholesterolaemia, and inversely correlated with age. In the second period, statin use was correlated with hypertension and hypercholesterolaemia, and high-intensity statin use was correlated with ischaemic heart disease and inversely correlated with age.ConclusionThere has been a clear change in the prescription of statins to patients with ischaemic stroke at discharge. However, many patients remain undertreated and the use of these drugs needs to be optimised. (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Inibidores de Hidroximetilglutaril-CoA Redutases , Acidente Vascular Cerebral , Hipercolesterolemia , Prevenção Secundária
13.
Clín. investig. arterioscler. (Ed. impr.) ; 34(6): 322-325, Nov-Dic. 2022. tab, ilus
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-211855

RESUMO

Los niveles plasmáticos de colesterol y triglicéridos son 2 veces más altos en los osos pardos (Ursus arctos) durante el periodo de hibernación que en los humanos sanos. Sin embargo, los osos no muestran signos de desarrollo de aterosclerosis. Para explorar esta aparente paradoja, analizamos lipoproteínas del plasmas de 10 osos recolectados durante el invierno (hibernación: febrero) y verano (activo: junio) en el mismo año. El plasma de 14 humanos sanos se analizó como comparador. Se utilizaron métodos estándar para el aislamiento de lipoproteínas, la composición y la investigación funcional. Los resultados muestran que en los osos pardos la ausencia de aterosclerosis a pesar del colesterol elevado probablemente se asocie con 2 propiedades ateroprotectoras principales de las lipoproteínas circulantes. En primer lugar, una afinidad significativamente, 10 veces menor, de las partículas de lipoproteínas de baja densidad (LDL) por los proteoglicanos arteriales y, en segundo lugar, una capacidad elevada de eflujo de colesterol en plasma comparado con humanos. ¿Qué nos dicen los datos del oso pardo? Ese colesterol total elevado y las lipoproteínas que contienen ApoB no siempre se asocian con la enfermedad de aterosclerosis. Necesitamos observar también las características bioquímicas y la funcionalidad de las lipoproteínas, ya que son relevantes para la fisiopatología arterial. ¿Cuál es la traducibilidad al humano de estos resultados? Los humanos necesitamos controlar nuestros niveles de colesterol total y LDL. ¡No somos osos pardos!.(AU)


Plasma cholesterol and triglyceride levels are twice as high in hibernating brown bears (Ursus arctos) than in healthy humans. Yet, bears display no sign of atherosclerosis development. To explore this apparent paradox, we analyzed lipoproteins from same ten individual bears plasma collected during winter (hibernation; February) and summer (active; June) in the same year. Plasma from fourteen healthy humans were analyzed as comparator. We used standard methods for lipoprotein isolation, composition and functional investigation. The results shows that in brown bears the absence of atherosclerosis despite elevated cholesterol is likely associated with two main athero-protective properties of circulating lipoproteins. First, a significant ten times lower affinity of low-density-lipoprotein (LDL) particles for arterial proteoglycans and secondly, an elevated plasma cholesterol efflux capacity. What does the brown bear data tell us? That elevated total cholesterol and ApoB-containing lipoproteins not always associates with atherosclerosis disease. We need to look also at the lipoprotein biochemical features and functionality as they are relevant for arterial pathophysiology. What is the translatability into human of these results? We humans need to control our total and LDL-cholesterol levels. We are not brown bears!.(AU)


Assuntos
Animais , Ursidae , Colesterol , Triglicerídeos , Hipercolesterolemia , Proteoglicanas , Aterosclerose , Pesquisa
15.
Clín. investig. arterioscler. (Ed. impr.) ; 34(5): 253-260, Sep-Oct 2022. tab, graf
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-207818

RESUMO

Introducción y objetivos: El tratamiento de las dislipemias presenta gran variabilidad en la práctica clínica e importantes limitaciones que dificultan la consecución de los objetivos terapéuticos. Por ello, se ha diseñado un proyecto para evaluar el control de la dislipemia en España, identificar los puntos de mejora y tratar de optimizarlo. El objetivo de este artículo es describir la metodología del observatorio del tratamiento del paciente dislipémico en España. Métodos: Observatorio de recogida de información basada en la práctica clínica habitual y experiencia de los profesionales de la salud que atienden a pacientes dislipémicos en España. El observatorio recoge información por área sanitaria, a través de: (i) reunión presencial con tres especialidades médicas diferentes y (ii) información cuantitativa de manejo de pacientes con hipercolesterolemia (cuestionario ad hoc). La información incluye perfiles de paciente atendidos, carga asistencial, guías y protocolos utilizados, grado de control alcanzado, limitaciones y oportunidades de mejora en práctica clínica. Resultados: Se busca incluir 145 áreas sanitarias, contando con la participación de hasta 435 profesionales médicos de las 17 Comunidades Autónomas de España. La información recogida de los participantes permitirá disponer de datos agregados de más de 4.000 pacientes. Conclusiones: Este observatorio pretende conocer cómo se está tratando la hipercolesterolemia en la práctica clínica en España. Aunque los resultados preliminares muestran una importante área de mejora en el tratamiento de las dislipemias, se identifican también mecanismos para impulsar un cambio hacia la optimización de resultados en salud.(AU)


Introduction and objectives: The treatment of dyslipidemia exhibits wide variability in clinical practice and important limitations that make lipid-lowering goals more difficult to attain. Getting to know the management of these patients in clinical practice is key to understand the existing barriers and to define actions that contribute to achieving the therapeutic goals from the most recent Clinical Practice Guidelines. Methods: Observatory where the information gathered is based on routine clinical practice and the experience from the healthcare professionals involved in the treatment of dyslipidemia in Spain. The information is collected by health area through: (i) face-to-face meeting with three different medical specialties and (ii) quantitative information related to hypercholesterolemia patients’ management (ad-hoc questionnaire). Information includes patients’ profiles, assistance burden, guidelines and protocols used, goal attainment, limitations and opportunities in clinical practice. Results: 145 health areas are planned to be included, with the participation of up to 435 healthcare professionals from the 17 Autonomous Regions of Spain. Information collection will result in aggregated data from over four thousand patients. Conclusions: This observatory aims to understand how hypercholesterolemia is being treated in routine clinical practice in Spain. Even though the preliminary results show important improvement areas in the treatment of dyslipidemias, mechanisms to drive a change towards health outcomes optimization are also identified.(AU)


Assuntos
Dislipidemias , Protocolos Clínicos , Hipercolesterolemia/tratamento farmacológico , Hipercolesterolemia/terapia , Avaliação de Processos e Resultados em Cuidados de Saúde , Hipolipemiantes , Espanha , Prática Clínica Baseada em Evidências
16.
Ars pharm ; 63(2)abr.-jun. 2022. tab, graf
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-202810

RESUMO

Introducción: La alfabetización en salud es una medida de la capacidad de los pacientes de leer, comprender y tomar decisiones en base a instrucciones médicas. La inadecuada alfabetización se asocia a un peor estado de salud en pacientes con enfermedades crónicas. El momento de la dispensación podría ser una oportunidad para evaluar esta condición por el farmacéutico de atención primariaEl objeto de este estudio fue evaluar la relación de alfabetización en salud y los valores de colesterol total y comorbilidades en personas con prescripción de hipolipemiantes atendidos en un centro de jubilados.Método:Se diseñó un estudio prospectivo donde se evaluó la relación de la alfabetización utilizando Short Assessment of Health Literacy for Spanish-speaking Adults y el valor de colesterol , medicamentos , factores de riesgo y comorbilidades. Todas estas variables se analizaron en forma integrada en un análisis multivariado. Resultados: Participaron 178 pacientes, 63% mujeres. El puntaje promedio de SAHLSA fue 43,4 ± 5,5. Se encontró una inadecuada alfabetización en 24%. pacientes El valor promedio de colesterol en estre grupo de pacientes fue 235,17mg/dl vs 193,53mg/dl quienes tenian adecuada alfabetización en salud.Se realizó un análisis multivariado que mostró asociación entre inadecuada alfabetización en salud, bajo nivel de educación y conocimiento del paciente . El número de internaciones y la aparición de eventos coronarios fueron significativamente mayor en los pacientes con alfabetización en salud insuficiente. Conclusiones: Se encontró relación directa entre el grado de alfabetización en salud y los valores de colesterol total en pacientes en tratamiento por hipercolesterolemia (AU)


Introduction: Health literacy is a measure of the ability of patients to read, understand and make decisions based on medical instructions. Inadequate health literacy is associated with poorer health in patients with chronic diseases. Time of dispensing could be an opportunity for the primary care pharmacist to evaluate this condition by the. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the relationship of Health literacy and the values of total cholesterol and comorbidities in people with a prescription of lipid-lowering drugs treated in a retirement center. Method: A prospective study was designed where the relationship of Health literacy was evaluated using Short Assessment of Health Literacy for Spanish-speaking Adults and the value of cholesterol, medications, risk factors and comorbidities. All these variables were analyzed in an integrated manner in a multivariate analysis.Results:178 patients participated, 63% women. The mean SAHLSA score was 43.4 ± 5.5. Inadequate HL was found in 24%. patients.The mean cholesterol value in patients with inadequate Health literacy was 235.17mg / dl vs 193.53mg / dl among those with adequate Health literacy.A multivariate analysis was performed that showed an association between inadequate Health literacy, the level of education and the patient’s knowledge of normal values of total cholesterol. The number of hospitalizations and the occurrence of coronary events were significantly higher in patients with insufficient Health literacy. Conclusions: A direct relationship was found between the degree of Health literacy and total cholesterol values in patients undergoing treatment for hypercholesterolemia (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Letramento em Saúde , Atenção Primária à Saúde , Hipolipemiantes/uso terapêutico , Colesterol/sangue , Hipercolesterolemia/tratamento farmacológico , Assistência Farmacêutica , Estudos Prospectivos , Fatores de Risco , Análise Multivariada , Comorbidade , Escolaridade , Estudos Transversais
17.
SEMERGEN, Soc. Esp. Med. Rural Gen. (Ed. Impr.) ; 48(4): 225-234, mayo - jun. 2022. tab, graf
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-205234

RESUMO

Objetivos: Conocer el grado de control óptimo simultáneo de la diabetes (DM), hipertensión arterial (HTA) e hipercolesterolemia y determinar los factores asociados. Material y métodos: Estudio descriptivo transversal en pacientes diabéticos de 18 o más de edad, seleccionados consecutivamente en consultas de medicina de familia (MF). Los datos de los pacientes se obtuvieron mediante acceso a la historia informatizada, registrándose variables clínicas y analíticas de interés. Se consideró buen control metabólico una HbA1c < 7%, buen control de la presión arterial (PA) valores < 140/80 mmHg y buen control de colesterol LDL (c-LDL) valores < 100 mg/dL. Se realizó análisis bivariante y se calcularon odds ratio (OD) en un modelo de regresión logística. El estudio fue aprobado por el CEIm del Hospital Clínico San Carlos (Madrid). Resultados: Se incluyó a 1.420 pacientes (55,8% varones), con una edad media (DE) de 70,6 (10,8) años. El 75,9% eran hipertensos y el 69,1% dislipémicos. Los valores de HbA1c fueron de 6,9 (1,2) %, PA sistólica 135,0 (16,8) mmHg, PA diastólica 75,9 (10,6) mmHg y LDL-colesterol 93,7 (32,8) mg/dL. El buen control metabólico de la DM se alcanzó en el 63% (intervalo de confianza [IC] 95%: 60,4-65,5), el buen control de la HTA en el 42,6% (IC 95%: 40,0-45,2) y el buen control de colesterol LDL en el 61,1% (IC 95%: 58,4-63,7) de los pacientes. El buen control de los tres factores de riesgo cardiovascular (FRCV) simultáneamente se alcanzó en el 16,1% (IC 95%: 14,2-18,1). Se observó una asociación positiva e independiente (p < 0,05) entre el buen control simultáneo de los FRCV con la edad (OR: 1.017) y los antecedentes personales de enfermedad cardiovascular (OR: 1.596). Conclusiones: Los resultados de nuestro estudio indican que una proporción pequeña, menos de dos de cada 10 pacientes cumplen los objetivos de buen control recomendados por las guías de práctica clínica (AU)


Objectives: To know the degree of simultaneous optimal control of diabetes (DM), high blood pressure (BP) and hypercholesterolemia and determine the associated factors. Material and method: Cross-sectional descriptive study in diabetic patients 18 years aged or older selected consecutively in primary care centers (PC). Patient data were obtained through access to electronical clinical history. Clinical and analytical variables of interest were registered. Good metabolic control was considered as HbA1c < 7%, good blood pressure control (PA) as values < 140/80 mmHg and good LDL cholesterol control (c-LDL) as values < 100 mg/dL. Bivariate analysis was performed and odds ratio were calculated in a logistic regression model. The study was approved by the San Carlos Clinical Hospital's Clinical Research Ethics Committee (CREC), in Madrid. Results: 1420 patients (55.8% male), with an average (SD) age of 70.6 (10.8) years were included. 75.9% were hypertensive patients, and 69.1% dyslipemic. HbA1c values were 6.9 (1.2) %, sistolic BP 135.0 (16.8) mmHg, diastolic BP 75.9 (10.6) mmHg and LDL-cholesterol 93.7 (32.8) mg/dL. Good metabolic control of DM was achieved at 63.0% (95% CI: 60.4–65.5), good control of HTA at 42.6% (95% CI: 40.0–45.2) and good LDL cholesterol control in 61.1% (95% IC: 58.4–63.7) of patients. Good simultaneous control of the three cardiovascular risk factors (CVRF) was reached at 16.1% (95% CI: 14.2–18.1). A positive and independent association (p<0.05) was observed between good simultaneous control of CVRF with age (OR: 1.017) and with personal history of cardiovascular disease (OR: 1.596). Conclusions: The results of our study indicate that a small proportion, less than two out of 10 patients, meet the good control goals recommended by clinical practice guidelines. We found important differences between patients with and without cardiovascular disease (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Hipertensão/diagnóstico , Hipercolesterolemia/diagnóstico , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/complicações , Angiopatias Diabéticas/prevenção & controle , Guias de Prática Clínica como Assunto , Estudos Transversais
18.
Clín. investig. arterioscler. (Ed. impr.) ; 33(6): 308-313, Nov-Dic. 2021. tab, graf
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-221057

RESUMO

Introducción: Las estatinas son la primera línea de tratamiento en pacientes con hipercolesterolemia severa (HS). A pesar de la evidencia disponible sobre su eficacia y seguridad para prevenir eventos cardiovasculares, el correcto tratamiento sigue siendo un desafío. Materiales y métodos: Estudio observacional prospectivo diseñado para determinar mediante entrevista telefónica la presencia de factores de riesgo, seguimiento clínico anual, persistencia/uso de estatinas y aparición de nuevos eventos cardiovasculares (ECV) después de 5 años, en pacientes con HS incluidos en un programa de Detección de Hipercolesterolemia Familiar. Resultados: Se evaluó a 115 participantes, la edad media fue de 56 ± 10, siendo el 74% mujeres. El 63,4% de las mujeres y el 43% de los hombres refirió estar en seguimiento y control clínico en el último año. El 38,8% de las mujeres recibió estatinas vs. el 26,7% de los hombres y solo 22 participantes (31,8%) fueron persistentes con el tratamiento desde 2015. El 15,5% de los participantes presentó un ECV no fatal y el 3,4% fatal. En el análisis multivariado no se detectaron predictores para presentar un ECV. Conclusiones: En nuestra población con HS encontramos un alto riesgo de presentar un ECV y una dramática baja tasa de uso y persistencia al tratamiento con estatinas.(AU)


Introduction: Statins are the first line of treatment in patients with severe hypercholesterolemia (SH). However, despite the knowledge regarding its effectiveness and security for preventing cardiovascular diseases, treatment is a major challenge. Material and methods: A prospective observational study was conducted by telephone survey to determine cardiovascular risk factors, annual monitoring, statins use and persistence and new-onset cardiovascular events (CVE) after 5 years in patients with SH including in a program for detection of familial hypercholesterolemia. Results: 115 participants were analysed, the median age was 56 ±10 being 74% females. 63.4% of women and 43% of men had been correctly controlled in the last year. Patients on lipid lowering drugs stratified by sex was 38.8% in women and 26.7% in men, however, only 22 participants (31.8%) were persistence with statins since 2015.Overall, 48% of the patients presented a CVE and 3.4% died. Multivariate analysis did not reveal predictors for CVE. Conclusions: In our population with SH we found a high risk to present a CVE and a dramatic low use and persistence with the treatment.(AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Idoso , Hipolipemiantes/administração & dosagem , Hipercolesterolemia , Doenças Cardiovasculares/epidemiologia , Doenças Cardiovasculares/etiologia , Doenças Cardiovasculares/prevenção & controle , Inibidores de Hidroximetilglutaril-CoA Redutases , Estudos Prospectivos , Cooperação e Adesão ao Tratamento , LDL-Colesterol , Fatores de Risco
19.
An. sist. sanit. Navar ; 44(3): 339-350, Dic 27, 2021. ilus, tab
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-217307

RESUMO

Fundamento: Las enfermedades cardiovasculares (ECV)son la principal causa de muerte a nivel mundial y la hipercolesterolemia (HC) es un importante factor de riesgo cardiovascular (FRCV). En España, aproximadamente un25% de los adultos de mediana edad presentan hipercolesterolemia. Nuestro objetivo fue analizar las estrategias y planes de salud existentes en España respecto a las ECVy a la HC, y definir líneas de actuación para su controldesde la gestión y política sanitaria. Material y métodos: Estudio observacional, descriptivo.En la primera fase se revisó la literatura y se realizaronseis entrevistas semiestructuradas; en una segunda fase,12 expertos identificaron las barreras existentes y propusieron estrategias para reducir la mortalidad prematura por las ECV.Resultados: Se identificaron 51 documentos de planificación, el 43% hacían referencia a la HC. Se detectó una altavariabilidad en la implementación de iniciativas a nivel autonómico para el control de la HC. Las barreras identificadas para explicar estos resultados fueron: banalización de la HC, falta de participación activa de agentes clave, desconocimiento del impacto de la HC, el modelo de atención y los circuitos asistenciales existentes, y las políticas sanitarias a corto plazo y con escasa dedicación de recursos a la HC.Conclusiones: A pesar del impacto en salud y socioeconómico de las ECV y de la HC en España, el peso de la HC en las políticas de salud no parece corresponderse con esa relevancia. Faltan medidas para su abordaje, pese a la evidencia de su efectividad. Este estudio propone medidas concretas para avanzar en su control.(AU)


Background: Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are a major cause of death worldwide and Hypercholesterolemia (HC) is an important cardiovascular risk factor. In Spain,approximately 25% of middle-aged adults suffer from HC.Our objective was to analyse current health strategiesand plans in Spain related to CVD and HC in order todefine possible future courses of action to bring aboutbetter control from a health management and policy perspective.Methods: The study was observational and descriptive.In the first step, a literature review was carried out, followed by six semi structured interviews. In the second step, a group of 12 experts in the field identified existing barriers to HC control and suggested ways to reduce premature mortality due to CVD. Results: A total of 51 documents were identified, of which 43% referred to HC. There was a high variability at the regional level in the implementation of measures and initiatives for the control of HC. Barriers that were identified were : trivialization of HC, lack of active participation bykey stakeholders, lack of understanding of the impact ofHC, existing care models and pathways, and short-termhealth policies that limit the provision of resources forHC care and control. Conclusion: Despite the considerable medical and socioeconomic burden of CVD and HC in Spain, the importance of HC is not reflected in health policies. There is a lack of HC control measures, even when they are shown to be highly feasible and beneficial. This article proposes specific measures to improve control of this issue.(AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Doenças Cardiovasculares , Política de Saúde , Hipercolesterolemia , Fatores de Risco , Prevenção de Doenças , Estratégias de eSaúde , Espanha , Epidemiologia Descritiva
20.
Clín. investig. arterioscler. (Ed. impr.) ; 33(5): 217-223, Sep-Oct. 2021. mapas, tab
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-221045

RESUMO

La hipercolesterolemia severa es un importante factor de riesgo cardiovascular. Su detección precoz y tratamiento puede reducir la incidencia de las enfermedades cardiovasculares. Dada la alta prevalencia de hipercolesterolemia en Andalucía, el desarrollo de una estrategia oportunista para su detección en atención primaria puede ser una medida eficiente. Objetivo: Identificar pacientes en atención primaria con hipercolesterolemias severas que puedan incrementar su riesgo cardiovascular mediante una consulta del colesterol- LDL al sistema informático de laboratorio. Material y métodos: Estudio observacional, retrospectivo, multicéntrico, en 16 hospitales de Andalucía y Ceuta. Se adquirieron datos analíticos anonimizados de los diferentes sistemas informáticos de laboratorio del año 2018 y exclusivamente del Hospital Virgen Macarena para el año 2019. Resultados: De un total de 1.969.035 determinaciones≥18 años se detectaron 2.791 pacientes (0,14%) con colesterol-LDL>250mg/dl, y en menores de 18 años, sobre un total de 2.327.211 determinaciones estudiadas, se detectaron 3.804 pacientes (0,16%) con colesterol-LDL>135mg/dl. La mayor incidencia de posibles hipercolesterolemias genéticas en adultos correspondió a la provincia Sevilla con 23,6 casos/1.000 determinaciones, mientras que en menores la mayor incidencia correspondió a la provincia de Cádiz, con 75 posibles casos/1.000 determinaciones. Se observa un triángulo geográfico de mayor prevalencia entre las provincias de Sevilla, Huelva y Cádiz. Conclusiones: El desarrollo de una estrategia oportunista mediante consulta informática del colesterol-LDL en atención primaria detecta un gran número de sujetos con hipercolesterolemias severas que se podrían beneficiar de una intervención precoz.(AU)


Severe hypercholesterolaemia is a major cardiovascular risk factor. Early detection and treatment can reduce the incidence of cardiovascular disease. Given the high prevalence of hypercholesterolaemia in Andalusia, the development of a screening strategy for its detection in Primary Care may be an efficient measure. Objective: To identify patients in Primary Care with severe hypercholesterolaemia that may increase their cardiovascular risk by reviewing LDL-cholesterol results in computerised laboratory systems. Material and methods: Observational, retrospective, multi-centre study in 16 hospitals in Andalusia and Ceuta. Anonymous analytical data were acquired from the different laboratory computer systems for the year 2018, and exclusively from Macarena Hospital for the year 2019. Results: From a total of 1,969,035 determinations on≥18 years old, 2,791 patients (0.14%) were detected with LDL-cholesterol>250mg/dl and from a total of 2.327.211 determinations studied in children under 18 years old, 3,804 patients (0.16%) were detected with LDL-cholesterol>135mg/dL. The highest incidence of possible genetic hypercholesterolaemia in adults corresponded to the province of Seville with 23.6 cases/1,000 determinations, while in minors, the highest incidence corresponded to the province of Cadiz with 75 possible cases/1,000 determinations. A geographical triangle of greater prevalence is observed between the provinces of Seville, Huelva and Cadiz. Conclusions: The development of a screening strategy using a computerised review of LDL-cholesterol in Primary Care detects a large number of subjects with severe hypercholesterolaemia that could benefit from an early intervention.(AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Hipercolesterolemia , Atenção Primária à Saúde , Hospitais , Laboratórios , Dislipidemias , Prevalência , Fatores de Risco , Espanha , Estudos Retrospectivos , Estudos Transversais
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