Effect of MetioNac® in patients with metabolic syndrome who are at risk of metabolic dysfunction associated fatty liver disease: a randomized controlled trial / Efecto de MetioNac® en pacientes con síndrome metabólico que están en riesgo de padecer enfermedad de hígado graso asociado a disfunción metabólica: un estudio controlado aleatorizado

Introduction: metabolic syndrome comprises a combination of diabetes, high blood pressure, and obesity, and metabolic associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) is associated with it. Objective: to evaluate the effect of supplementation with S-adenosyl-L-methionine + N-acetylcysteine + thioctic acid + vitamin B6 (MetioNac®) for 3 months on lipidic and biochemical parameters in subjects with metabolic syndrome and at risk of MAFLD. The reduction in body weight and the oxidative stress markers malondialdehyde (MDA) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were also evaluated. Methods: patients with metabolic syndrome, at risk of MAFLD (FIB-4 < 1.30), and with an indication for weight reduction were recruited (n = 15). Control group followed a semipersonalized Mediterranean diet (MD) for weight reduction, according to the recommendations of the Spanish Society for the Study of Obesity (SEEDO). Experimental group, in addition to the MD, took three capsules of MetioNac® supplement per day. Results: compared with the control group, subjects taking MetioNac® showed significant (p < 0.05) reductions in the levels of TG and VLDL-c, as well as in total cholesterol, LDL-c, and glucose levels. They also showed increased levels of HDL-c. Levels of AST and ALT decreased after the intervention with MetioNac®, but this decrease did not reach statistical significance. Weight loss was observed in both groups. Conclusion: supplementation with MetioNac® may be protective against hyperlipidemia, insulin resistance, and overweight among metabolic syndrome patients. Further studies on this issue are needed in a larger population.(AU)

Introducción: el síndrome metabólico se define como una combinación de diabetes, hipertensión arterial y obesidad, que se asocia con laenfermedad del hígado graso asociada a disfunción metabólica.Objetivo: evaluar el efecto de la suplementación con S-adenosil-L-metionina + N-acetilcisteína + ácido tióctico + vitamina B6 (MetioNac®)durante 3 meses sobre parámetros lipídicos y bioquímicos en sujetos con síndrome metabólico y en riesgo de enfermedad del hígado grasoasociada a disfunción metabólica. También se evaluaron la reducción del peso corporal y los marcadores de estrés oxidativo malondialdehído(MDA) y superóxido dismutasa (SOD).Métodos: se reclutaron pacientes con síndrome metabólico, riesgo de enfermedad del hígado graso asociada a disfunción metabólica (FIB-4 < 1,30) y con indicación de reducción de peso (n = 15). El grupo control siguió una dieta mediterránea (DM) semipersonalizada para la reducciónde peso, de acuerdo con las recomendaciones de la Sociedad Española para el Estudio de la Obesidad (SEEDO). El grupo intervención, ademásde la DM, tomó tres cápsulas diarias de MetioNac®.Resultados: en comparación con el grupo de control, los sujetos que tomaron MetioNac® mostraron reducciones significativas (p < 0.05) en losniveles de TG y VLDL-c, así como en los niveles de colesterol total, LDL-c y glucosa. También mostraron niveles elevados de HDL-c. Los nivelesde AST y ALT disminuyeron después de la intervención con MetioNac®, pero esta disminución no fue estadísticamente significativa. También seobservó una pérdida de peso en ambos grupos.Conclusión: la suplementación con MetioNac® puede proteger contra la hiperlipidemia, la insulinorresistencia y el sobrepeso en pacientes consíndrome metabólico. Sin embargo, es necesario realizar más estudios y seleccionar un mayor número de participantes.(AU)

Efecto de la suplementación oral con una fórmula que contiene ácido R-lipoico en pacientes con glaucoma / Effect of an oral supplementation with a formula containing R-lipoic acid in glaucoma patients

OBJETIVO: Analizar la seguridad y efectividad de la administración oral de un suplemento comercializado que contiene ácido alfa-R-lipoico, taurina, vitaminas C y E, luteína, zeaxantina, zinc, cobre y ácido docosahexaenoico en pacientes con glaucoma primario de ángulo abierto (GPAA) y sujetos control. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: Se realizó un estudio prospectivo de casos y controles que incluyó 30 participantes de ambos sexos, divididos en: pacientes con GPAA (n = 15) y sujetos sanos (GC; n = 15) asignados a tomar durante 6 meses los preparados NuaDHA Visión(R) (1 comp/día) + NuaDHA 1000 (2 comps/día). Los participantes fueron entrevistados, examinados oftalmológicamente, extrayendo sangre periférica que fue procesada para analítica convencional y determinación de actividades prooxidante (malonildialdehído) y estado antioxidante total. El análisis estadístico se realizó mediante el programa SPSS 22.0. RESULTADOS: Tras 6 meses de suplementación, los niveles plasmáticos de estado antioxidante total aumentaron significativamente (1,073 ± 0,090 mM vs. 1,276 ± 0,107 mM; p = 0,028), disminuyendo en paralelo los de malonildialdehído (7,066 ± 1,070 μM vs. 2,761 ± 0,462 μM; p = 0,005) en el GGPAA. El malonildialdehído también descendió significativamente en el GC (6,17 ± 1,336 vs. 2,51 ± 0,391; p = 0,028). Los pacientes con GPAA mostraron valores del test de Schirmer notablemente mayores (20-30%) y mejoraron subjetivamente los signos/síntomas de ojo seco, frente a los resultados del GC. CONCLUSIONES: Las formulaciones que contienen vitaminas antioxidantes, ácido alfa-R-lipoico y ácido docosahexaenoico administradas durante 6 meses consecutivos contrarrestaron el estrés oxidativo, y estabilizaron los parámetros morfológicos/funcionales de la superficie ocular y del glaucoma, sin presentar efectos adversos o intolerancias

OBJECTIVE: To analyse the safety and effectiveness of the oral administration of a commercialised supplement containing R-alpha lipoic acid, taurine, vitamins C and E, lutein, zeaxanthin, zinc, copper and docosahexaenoic acid, in patients with primary open angle glaucoma (POAG), and in control subjects. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A prospective study of cases and controls was carried out, including 30 participants of both genders that were divided into: POAG Group (n = 15) and a control group (CG; n = 15), assigned to the oral intake of NuaDHA preparations Vision(R) (1 pill/day) + NuaDHA 1000 (2 pills/day) for 6 months. Participants were interviewed, ophthalmologically examined, and peripheral blood was taken for routine analysis and the determination of the pro-oxidant (malondialdehyde) and total antioxidant status. Statistical analysis was performed using the SPSS 22.0 program. RESULTS: After 6 months of supplementation, there was a significant increase in the plasma total antioxidant status (1.073 ± 0.090 mM vs 1.276 ± 0.107 mM, P = .028), along with a parallel decrease in malondialdehyde (7.066 ± 1.070 μM vs 2.771 ± 0.462μM, P = .005) in the POAG group. The malondialdehyde also decreased in the control group (6.17 ± 1.336 vs. 2.51 ± 0.391, P = .028). The Schirmer test improved (20-30%) and the subjective dry eye signs/symptoms noticeably decreased in the POAG group versus the CG. CONCLUSIONS: Formulations containing antioxidant vitamins, R-alpha lipoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid, administered for 6 consecutive months, counteracted the oxidative stress by further stabilising the morphological/functional parameters of both the ocular surface and the glaucoma, without presenting with adverse effects or intolerances

FR-Glosodinia: novedades terapéuticas / RF-Burning Mouth Syndrome: new treatments

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Circulating irisin and glucose metabolism in overweight/obese women: effects of alpha-lipoic acid and eicosapentaenoic acid

Irisin is a myokine/adipokine with potential role in obesity and diabetes. The objectives of the present study were to analyse the relationship between irisin and glucose metabolism at baseline and during an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) and to determine the effects of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and/or alpha-lipoic acid treatment on irisin production in cultured human adipocytes and in vivo in healthy overweight/obese women following a weight loss program. Seventy-three overweight/obese women followed a 30 % energy-restricted diet supplemented without (control) or with EPA (1.3 g/day), alpha-lipoic acid (0.3 g/day) or both EPA + alpha-lipoic acid (1.3 + 0.3 g/day) during 10 weeks. An OGTT was performed at baseline. Moreover, human adipocytes were treated with EPA (100–200 μM) or alpha-lipoic acid (100–250 μM) during 24 h. At baseline plasma, irisin circulating levels were positively associated with glucose levels; however, serum irisin concentrations were not affected by the increment in blood glucose or insulin during the OGTT. Treatment with alpha-lipoic acid (250 μM) upregulated Fndc5 messenger RNA (mRNA) and irisin secretion in cultured adipocytes. In overweight/obese women, irisin circulating levels decreased significantly after weight loss in all groups, while no additional differences were induced by EPA or alpha-lipoic acid supplementation. Moreover, plasma irisin levels were positively associated with higher glucose concentrations at beginning and at endpoint of the study. The data from the OGTT suggest that glucose is not a direct contributing factor of irisin release. The higher irisin levels observed in overweight/obese conditions could be a protective response of organism to early glucose impairments

Alpha lipoic acid efficacy in burning mouth syndrome. A controlled clinical tria

BACKGROUND: A double-blind placebo-controlled trial was conducted in order to evaluate the efficacy of alpha lipoic acid (ALA) and determine the statistical significance of the outcome variables. Burning mouth syndrome (BMS) is defined as an oral burning sensation in the absence of clinical signs which could justify the syndrome. Recent studies suggest the existence of neurological factors as a possible cause of the disease. MATERIAL AND METHODS: 60 patients with BMS, in two groups: case group with 600 mg/day and placebo as control group; with follow up of 2 months. RESULTS: 64% of ALA patients reported some level of improvement, with a level of maintenance of 68.75% one month after treatment. 27.6% of the placebo group also demonstrated some reduction in BMS symptoms. CONCLUSIONS: Long-term evolution and the intensity of symptoms are variables that reduce the probability of improvement with ALA treatment

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Actualización del tratamiento del síndrome de boca ardiente / Upgrade treatment of burning mouth syndrome

El síndrome de boca ardiente se considera un 'dolor urente en la lengua o en otra localización de la mucosa oral sin signos patológicos específicos con evolución de al menos 4-6 meses', según la Asociación Internacional para el estudio del Dolor (IASP). La prevalencia oscila entre el 0,7% - 4,6%, siendo más frecuente en el sexo femenino (7:1) en la etapa peri-postmenopáusica. La etiología es multifactorial, por lo que debemos eliminar los factores locales, sistémicos y psicológicos que como factores precipitantes o consecuentes, están siempre presentes en esta entidad. En cuanto al tratamiento hemos de retirar los agentes causantes de la patología y disminuir en la medida de lo posible la sintomatología. A pesar de haber obtenido resultados con las terapias descritas en las revisiones sistemáticas y en los estudios clínicos son necesarios más ensayos clínicos aleatorizados, con muestras homogéneas, diseños apropiados y periodos de seguimiento prolongados que permitan evaluar la eficacia clínica y los posibles efectos adversos a largo plazo (AU)

Burning mouth syndrome is considered a burning pain in the tongue or in another location of the oral mucosa without specific pathological features with the development in at least 4-6 months, according to the International Association for the Study of Pain (IASP). The prevalence ranges from 0.7% - 4.6%, being more common in females (7:1) in the peri-menopausal stage. The etiology is multifactorial, so we must delete local, systemic and psychological factors as precipitating or consequential factors are always present in this entity. Despite of the results obtained with the therapies described in systematic reviews and clinical studies more randomized clinical trials with homogeneous samples, appropriate designs and longer follow-up periods to evaluate the clinical efficacy and potential adverse effects are needed long term (AU)

Effect of alpha lipoic acid on the blood cell count and iron kinetics in hypertensive patients / Efecto del ácido lipoico en el recuento de sangre y el metabolismo de hierro en pacientes hipertensos

Introduction: The α-lipoic acid (ALA) has been used as a treatment to reduce oxidative damage in Systemic Arterial Hypertension (SAH), but there are no in vivo studies reporting the effect of its mechanism of action on iron metabolism. Objective: To evaluate the antioxidant effect of α-lipoic acid on Blood cell count (CBC) and iron metabolism in hypertensive subjects with or without anemia. Method: Double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial. The sample consisted of 60 hypertensive patients that were randomly divided into treatment group (n = 32), receiving 600 mg / day of ALA for twelve weeks and control group (n = 28), receiving placebo for the same period. Blood cell count, serum iron, ferritin, Latent Iron-Binding Capacity (LIBC), Total Iron-Binding Capacity (TIBC), Transferrin Saturation Index (TSI) and transferrin were assessed before and after intervention. To assess changes between groups, the Student t-test and ANOVA were used, adopting a significance level of 5%. Results: After intervention, ALA supplementation showed a statistically significant (p < 0.05) association with the reduction of total leukocytes, increase in the number of neutrophils and reductions in the serum levels of iron and TSI. Conclusion: Oral administration of ALA as a therapeutic adjuvant changes the hematologic response of white blood cells and reduces the absorption of iron. It is observed that the mechanism of metals chelation by lipoic acid may be responsible for these changes and, consequently, could trigger a condition of iron deficiency anemia in hypertensive individuals (AU)

Introducción: El Ácido α-Lipóico (ALA) ha sido utilizado como recurso terapéutico para reducir daño oxidativo en la Hipertensión Arterial Sistémica (HAS), pero aún no existen estudios in vivo que reporten sobre su mecanismo de acción en el metabolismo del hierro. Objetivo: Evaluar el efecto antioxidante del ácido Alfa- Lipóico sobre el hemograma y metabolismo del hierroen individuos hipertensos con o sin anemia. Métodos: Estudio clínico doble-ciego, randomizado y controlado con placebo. La muestra fue constituida por 60 individuos hipertensos, distribuidos aleatoriamente en grupo tratamiento (n = 32), que recibió 600 mg/día del ALA por doce semanas y grupo control (n = 28), que recibió el placebo por el mismo período. Fueron analizados antes y después de la intervención, los parámetros del hemograma, Hierro Sérico, Ferritina, Capacidad Latente de Enlace del hierro, Capacidad Total de Enlace del Hierro, Índice de Saturación de la Transferrina (ISI) y Transferrina. Para evaluar las alteraciones entre los grupos, se utilizó el teste t de Student y el análisis de varianza ANOVA, adoptándose el nivel de significación de 5%. Resultados: Después de la intervención, el suplemento con el ALA demostró una asociación estadísticamente significativa (p < 0,05) con la reducción de los leucocitos totales, aumento del número de neutrófilos y reducciones en los niveles de Hierro Sérico e ISI. Conclusión: La administración oral del ALA como un adyuvante terapéutico, altera la respuesta hematológica del leucograma y reduce la absorción del hierro. Cabe senãlar que el mecanismo de quelación de metales por el ácido lipoico puede ser responsable de estos cambios y, en consecuencia, podría desencadenar una condicion de anemia ferropénica en individuos hipertensos (AU)

Adverse cardiac responses to alpha-lipoic acid in a rat-diabetic model: possible mechanisms?

Alpha-lipoic acid (ALA) is widely used as an antioxidant for the treatment of diabetes and its complications; however, the pro-oxidant potential of ALA has recently been reported. This study was designed to investigate whether ALA supplementation could have pro-oxidant effects on cardiac tissues in normal and diabetic rats. Diabetes was induced by a single dose of streptozotocin (STZ; 55 mg/kg (intraperitoneal). Diabetic and normal rats were treated with ALA (100 mg kg−1 day−1) for 45 days. ALA supplementation resulted in oxidative protein damage as evident by significant reduction in the cardiac levels of protein thiol in ALA-treated normal rats (P < 0.01) together with a significant elevation (P < 0.001) in the plasma levels of advanced oxidation protein products in ALA-treated normal rats and in ALA + STZ-diabetic rats compared with the normal control rats. Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase has emerged as the major source of superoxide anion and enhanced oxidative damage in heart failure. ALA supplementation increased the myocardial immunoreactivity of p47phox subunit of NADPH oxidase in both normal nondiabetic and diabetic rats reflecting its pro-oxidant effect. Data showed that ALA supplementation failed to prevent cardiac complications in diabetic rats and led to cardiac toxicity in normal rats as indicated by pathological changes (cellular infiltration, fibrosis, and degeneration) and by the elevation of serum cardiac biomarkers compared with normal controls. The pro-oxidant effects of ALA suggest that careful selection of appropriate doses of ALA in reactive oxygen species-related diseases are critical (AU)

Physical activity and alpha-lipoic acid modulate inflammatory response through changes in thiol redox status

Alpha-Lipoic acid (αLA), as an inductor of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and nitrogen oxide (NO) generation and modulator of thiol redox status, plays an important role in cell signalling pathways. The study was designed to observe the effect of AlphaLA on inflammatory response through changes in H2O2 and NO levels as well as thiol redox status. Sixteen physically active males were randomly assigned to one of two groups: placebo or αLA (1,200 mg d(-1) for 10 days prior to exercise). The exercise trial involved a 90-min run at 65% VO2max (0% gradient) followed by 15-min eccentric phase at 65% VO2max (-10% gradient). Blood samples were collected before the exercise trial and then again 20 min, 24, and 48 h after. AlphaLA significantly elevated H2O2 but reduced NO generation before or after exercise. Thiol redox status (GSHtotal-2GSSG/GSSG) increased by > 50% after αLA and exercise (ANOVA, P < 0.05) and correlated with changes in cytokines interleukin-6 (IL-6) (r = -0.478, P < 0.05) and IL-10 (r = -0.455, P < 0.05). This was caused by strong effect of αLA on GSSG concentration. αLA elevated IL-6 and IL-10 levels at 20 min after exercise and decreased in interleukin-1Beta and tumor necrosis factor Alpha before and after exercise. This enhanced the regeneration of injured muscles. Creatine kinase activity tended to lower values after αLA intake. The study suggests that the combination of intense exercise with α-lipoic acid intake might be useful to improve the skeletal muscle regeneration through changes in inflammatory response which are associated with H2O2 and NO generation as well as thiol redox status

Lipoic acid inhibits adiponectin production in 3T3-L1 adipocytes

Lipoic acid (LA) is a naturally occurring compound with antioxidant properties. Recent attention has been focused on the potential beneficial effects of LA on obesity and related metabolic disorders. Dietary supplementation with LA prevents insulin resistance and upregulates adiponectin, an insulin-sensitizing adipokine, in obese rodents. The aim of this study was to investigate the direct effects of LA on adiponectin production in cultured adipocytes, as well as the potential signaling pathways involved. For this purpose, fully differentiated 3T3-L1 adipocytes were treated with LA (1-500 μM) during 24 h. The amount of adiponectin secreted to media was detected by ELISA, while adiponectin mRNA expression was determined by RT-PCR. Treatment with LA induced a dose-dependent inhibition on adiponectin gene expression and protein secretion. Pretreatment with the PI3K inhibitor LY294002 inhibited adiponectin secretion and mRNA levels, and significantly potentiated the inhibitory effect of LA on adiponectin secretion. The AMPK activator AICAR also reduced adiponectin production, but surprisingly, it was able to reverse the LA-induced inhibition of adiponectin. The JNK inhibitor SP600125 and the MAPK inhibitor PD98059 did not modify the inhibitory effect of LA on adiponectin. In conclusion, our results revealed that LA reduces adiponectin secretion in 3T3-L1 adipocytes, which contrasts with the stimulation of adiponectin described after in vivo supplementation with LA, suggesting that an indirect mechanism or some in vivo metabolic processing is involved

El ácido alfa lipoico y su poder antioxidante frente al cáncer y las patologías de sensibilización central / Alpha lipoic acid and its antioxidant against cancer and diseases of central sensitization

Introducción: El ácido alfa lipoico (ALA) puede controlar y limitar la cantidad de radicales libres, influyendo el desarrollo de patologías como el cáncer o las enfermedades de sensibilización central, aunque los mecanismos moleculares implicados en este proceso aún están dilucidándose. Objetivo: Reunir y contrastar información sobre las propiedades antioxidantes del ALA en la prevención y desarrollo de las patologías relacionadas con el estrés oxidativo. Material y métodos: En este trabajo, se analizan más de 100 artículos publicados en los últimos 20 años que relacionan el consumo de ALA y la prevalencia y desarrollo de patologías relacionadas con el estrés oxidativo. Los artículos han sido obtenidos en diferentes bases de datos (PubMed central, Web of Science, Elsevier Journal, Science Direct), e incluyen experimentos en células, animales y humanos. Las palabras clave utilizadas fueron: cáncer, enfermedades de sensibilización central, radicales libres, y ALA. Resultados y discusión: Se han reunido resultados de trabajos realizados in vitro y en animales de laboratorio en los que se pone de manifiesto el efecto del ALA en el control de la apoptosis celular de diferentes tipos de cánceres mediante un aumento de las especies reactivas de oxígeno, así como también el retardo en el crecimiento de las mismas. Aparte, se ha demostrado que la capacidad antioxidante del ALA y su potencial para regenerar otros antioxidantes es de gran importancia para tratar las patologías de sensibilización central. Conclusiones: El ALA ha demostrado un papel significativo como antioxidante y prooxidante en el cáncer y las patologías de sensibilización central, aunque son necesarias más investigaciones en humanos (AU)

INTRODUCTION: The alpha lipoic acid (ALA) may control and limit the production of free radicals, influencing the development of pathologies suchcancer or central sensitization diseases. However, the molecular mechanisms are still not elucidated. OBJECTIVE: The objective of the present review is to contrast the antioxidant properties of ALA in the prevention and development of pathologies related to the oxidative stress. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this work, more than 100 articles published during the last 20 years that relate ALA consumption and pathologies related to the oxidative stress have been analysed. The articles have been obtained from different specialized databases (PubMed central, Web of science, Elsevier Journal, Science Direct) and included experiments in animals, cells, and humans. Domains evaluated included ALA, centralsensitization diseases, free radicals, and ALA.RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: Results from in vitro and laboratory animals experiments demonstrate that ALA controls the cell apoptosis of different type of cancers through out the increase of reactive oxygen species, and decrease of cell growth. Moreover, results demonstrated that ALA presents an antioxidant capacity and the ability to regenerate other antioxidants, which is essential to treat the central sensitization diseases. CONCLUSIONS: The ALA plays a significant role as antioxidant and prooxidant in cancer and central sensitization diseases, although more extensive studies are required to determine the clinical significance in humans (AU)

Protective effects of curcumin, alpha-lipoic acid, and N-acetylcysteine against carbon tetrachloride-induced liver fibrosis in rats

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Liver fibrosis is a major health problem that can lead to the development of liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. On the other hand, several antioxidants have been shown to possess protective effect against liver fibrosis. Therefore, in the present work, the effectiveness of curcumin, alpha-lipoic acid, and N-acetylcysteine in protecting against carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced liver fibrosis as well as the mechanism(s) implicated in this protective effect was studied. The antioxidants used in this study resulted in hepatoprotective effect as evident by substantial (..) (AU)

Effects of lipoic acid on apelin in 3T3-L1 adipocytes and in high-fat fed rats

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Lipoic acid (LA) is an antioxidant with therapeutic properties on several diseases like diabetes and obesity. Apelin is a novel adipokine with potential beneficial actions on glucose metabolism and insulin resistance. The aim of this study was to examine in 3T3-L1 adipocytes the effects of LA on apelin gene expression and secretion, as well as elucidate the signaling pathways involved. We also tested the regulation of adipose apelin gene expression by LA supplementation in a model of high-fat diet-induced obesity. LA increased apelin secretion but not apelin gene expression in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. The AMPK inhibitor Compound C induced an increase in LA-stimulated apelin production, and, on the contrary, the AMPK activator AICAR completely reversed the LA stimulatory effects on apelin secretion, also inducing a significant reduction in apelin mRNA levels in this in vitro model. Apelin mRNA levels were increased in those animals fed with the high-fat diet, while the caloric restriction decreased apelin mRNA to control levels. However, apelin gene expression was not significantly modified in rats treated with LA compared with the obese group. The current data suggest the ability of LA to modulate apelin secretion by adipocytes. However the insulin-sensitizing effect of LA in vivo is not related to changes in apelin gene expression in our model of diet-induced obesity (AU)

Combination of alpha lipoic acid and gabapentin, its efficacy inthe treatment of Burning Mouth Syndrome: A randomized,double-blind, placebo controlled trial

Burning Mouth Syndrome (BMS) is a disease that manifests as burning in the tongue or in any area of the oralmucosa, in the absence of clinically verifiable injuries.Objectives: To verify the efficacy of alpha lipoic acid (ALA) and gabapentin (GABA), used individually andjointly, to reduce the burning in patients with burning mouth and establish a drug therapy for the BMS.Study Design: During April and May 2008, we conducted a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trialin the Department of Clinical Stomatology, Faculty of Dentistry, Rosario, Argentina. The gathering of patientswas between those ones with BMS who were treated in our service between March 2003 and March 2008 withoutcomplying with the applied treatments. The 120 patients were randomly divided into 4 groups and were provided,by lot and in a blinded fashion, with four different treatment cycles consisting of the following drugs: Group A(n = 20) 600 mg / day of alpha lipoic acid for two months, Group B (n = 20) 300 mg / day of gabapentin for twomonths, Group C (n = 20) a combination of both drugs for two months and Group D (n = 60) 100 mg / day of cellulosestarch for two months (control group).Results and Conclusions: All 120 patients completed the treatment. The best response was obtained with the combinationof ALA + GABA, with a 70% of the cases with reduced burning in this group and a 13.2 times greaterchance of presenting positive changes for these patients than those taking placebo. The combined use of drugs thatact at different levels of the nociceptive system can be useful for the treatment of this syndrome (AU)

Cambios bioquímicos en el tejido cavernoso causados por resección unilateral del nervio cavernoso y efectos del ácido alfalipoico en estos cambios / Biochemical changes in cavernosal tissue caused by single sided cavernosal nerve resection and the effects of alpha lipoic acid on these changes

Objetivo: Una de las complicaciones más importantes de la prostatectomía radical es la disfunción eréctil. Se pueden producir patrones de agresión oxidativa y cambios apoptóticos en los músculos lisos y en las células endoteliales del cuerpo cavernoso después de neuropraxia o neurectomía. El ácido alfalipoico (AAL) tiene propiedades antioxidantes, ya que elimina radicales libres. En este estudio experimental investigamos los efectos del AAL en la rehabilitación del tejido cavernoso y las fibras con sintasa del óxido nítrico (NOS) en el tejido eréctil. Materiales y métodos: Se formaron cuatro grupos en este estudio mediante la inclusión de 63 ratas fértiles adultas: 9 en el grupo de control, 18 en el grupo de operación simulada, 18 ratas sometidas a neurectomía unilateral de un segmento de 5 mm del nervio cavernoso (grupo DI) y otras 18 ratas que recibieron AAL después de la neurectomía unilateral (grupo DII). Las evaluaciones se realizaron 3 semanas después de la neurectomía. Resultados: Determinamos el número de fibras nerviosas que contenían NOS mediante tinción del fosfato del dinucleótido de nicotinamida adenina diaforasa. Según dicha tinción, el grupo DII se recuperó significativamente en comparación con el grupo DI (48,89±19,00 y 17,22±6,67, respectivamente) (p<0,05). La actividad de la superóxido dismutasa disminuyó en los grupos DI y DII (31,42±6,06 y 40,38±4,24 U/g de tejido húmedo). Las concentraciones de nitrito+nitrato aumentaron significativamente en el grupo DI y en el grupo DII (0,52±0,05 y 0,44±0,02 µmol/g de tejido húmedo, respectivamente) en comparación con los otros grupos (p<0,05). No hubo diferencias estadísticas entre los resultados del grupo DI y el grupo DII (p>0,05). Conclusión: Este estudio confirma que la neurectomía disminuye la presión intracavernosa y el número de fibras con NOS. La neurectomía y el trauma quirúrgico causaron agresión oxidativa en el cuerpo cavernoso de las ratas. Como potente antioxidante, el AAL tiene efectos positivos de regeneración y rehabilitación del tejido cavernoso al disminuir la agresión oxidativa. En este sentido, el AAL ofrece una posible ventaja en la rehabilitación del pene después de la prostatectomía radical (AU)

Objective: One of the most important complications of radical prostatectomy operation is erectile disfunction (ED). Oxidative stress patterns and apoptotic changes may happen in smooth muscles and endothelial cells of corpus cavernosum after neuropraxia or neurectomy. Alpha lipoic acid (ALA) shows its antioxidant properties by eliminating free radicals. In this experimental study we investigated the effects of ALA on rehabilitation of cavernosal tissue and nitric oxide synthase (NOS) containing nerve fibers on erectile tissue. Materials and methods: In this study four groups were formed by inclusion of 63 adult fertile rats. Control group (n: 9), sham operation group (n: 18), 18 rats underwent unilateral neurectomy of a 5-mm. segment of the cavernous nerve (group DI) and another 18 rats group which ALA received after unilateral neurectomy (group DII). Assessments were done 3 weeks after neurectomy. Results: We assessed number of NOS containing nerve fibers via nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) diaphorase staining. According to NADPH diaphorase staining group DII significantly recovered comparing group DI (48.89±19.00 and 17.22±6.67 respectively) (p<0.05). SOD activity is reduced in both; group DI and group DII (31.42±6.06 and 40.38±4.24). Nitrite+nitrate levels were elevated significantly in both group DI and group DII (0.52±0.05 and 0.44±0.02 micromole/gr wet tissue respectively) when compared with other groups (p<0.05). There is no statistical difference between results of group DI and Group DII (p>0.05). Conclusion: This study confirms that neurectomy caused decrease of intracavernous pressure and number of NOS fibers. Neurectomy and surgical trauma caused oxidative stress in rat corpus cavernosum. As a potent antioxidant ALA has positive effects on cavernosal tissue regeneration and rehabilitation by reducing oxidative stress. In this aspect, ALA may have a potential advantage in penile rehabilitation after radical prostatectomy (AU)

El ácido lipoico reduce la ganancia de peso inducida por dieta alta en grasa: efectos sobre el transporte intestinal de azúcares / Lipoic acid prevents body weight gain induced by a high fat diet in rats: Effects on intestinal sugar transport

Several studies have suggested that oxidative stress might cause and aggravate theinflammatory state associated with obesity and could be the link between excessiveweight gain and its related disorders such as insulin resistance and cardiovascular diseases.Thus, antioxidant treatment has been proposed as a therapy to prevent andmanage obesity and associated complications. Therefore, the aim of the present studywas to investigate the effects of supplementation of a standard or high fat diet withthe antioxidant lipoic acid (LA) during 56 days, on body weight gain, adiposity, feedefficiency and intestinal sugar absorption, in male Wistar rats. LA supplementationinduced a lower body weight gain and adipose tissue size in both control or high fatfed rats accompanied by a reduction in food intake. The group fed on a high fat dietand treated with LA (OLIP group) showed a lower body weight gain than its correspondingPair-Fed (PF) group (P<0.05), which received the same amount of foodthan LA-treated animals but with no LA. In fact, LA induced a reduction on feedefficiency and also significantly decreased intestinal α-methylglucoside (α-MG)absorption both in lean and obese rats. These results suggest that the beneficial effectsof dietary supplementation with LA on body weight gain are mediated, at least inpart, by the reduction observed in food intake and feed efficiency. Furthemore, theinhibitory action of LA on intestinal sugar transport could explain in part the lowerfeed efficiency observed in LA-treated animals and therefore, highlighting the beneficialeffects of LA on obesity(AU)

Varios estudios han sugerido que el estresoxidativo podria actuar como desencadenantey agravante del estado inflamatorio asociado ala obesidad y podria ser un potencial nexo deunion entre la excesiva ganancia de peso y lasco-morbilidades asociadas. Asi, se ha propuestoel tratamiento con antioxidantes naturalescomo posible terapia contra el desarrollo deobesidad asi como sus complicaciones asociadas.Por ello, el objeto del presente trabajo fueinvestigar en ratas Wistar macho los efectos dela suplementacion de una dieta estandar o altaen grasa con un antioxidante, el acido lipoico(AL) (0,25g/ 100g de comida) durante 56 diassobre la ganancia de peso corporal, la adiposidad,la eficiencia metabolica y la absorcionintestinal de azucares. La suplementacion de ladieta con AL indujo una menor ganancia depeso corporal y redujo el tamano del tejidoadiposo blanco total, tanto en ratas alimentadascon dieta control como alta en grasa. Ademas,disminuyo la ingesta. La ganancia de pesoen el grupo alimentado con dieta alta en grasay AL fue menor que la de su correspondientegrupo Pair-Fed (P<0,05), el cual recibia lamisma cantidad de comida que los animalestratados con AL pero sin este acido. De hecho,la suplementacion con acido lipoico redujo laeficiencia metabolica y disminuyo significativamentela absorcion intestinal de ƒ¿-metilglucosido(ƒ¿-MG) tanto en ratas control comoobesas. Estos resultados sugieren que los efectosbeneficiosos de la suplementacion de ladieta con AL sobre la ganancia de peso corporalestan mediados, al menos en parte, por lareduccion observada en la ingesta de comida yen la eficiencia metabolica. Ademas, la accioninhibitoria del AL sobre el transporte intestinalde azucares podria explicar, en parte, la menoreficiencia metabolica observada en los animalestratados con AL justificando, por consiguiente,los efectos beneficiosos del AL sobre la obesidad(AU)

Síndrome de la boca ardiente y ácido alfa lipoico / Burning Mouth Syndrome and α - Lipoic Acid

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Efecto del ácido alfa lipoico sobre el daño oxidativo inducido por cadmio en corazón, cerebro, riñón, hígado y pulmón de ratas / Effect of Alpha lipoic acid on cadmium induced oxidative damage on heart, Brain, kidney, liver and lung of rats

En el presente estudio se investigó el efecto protector del ácido alfa lipoico (ALA) sobre el daño oxidativo inducido por el cadmio en ratas. El cadmio (100 ppm) suministrado a ratas normales dio lugar a un aumento significativo de los niveles de transaminasa glutámico-oxalacética sérica (SGOT), transaminasa glutámico-pirúvica sérica (SGPT) y fosfatasa alcalina (ALP). En los animales expuestos al cadmio se observó igualmente un aumento significativo del nivel de peroxidación lipídica (LPO) y una disminución de los niveles de glutatión reducido (GSH), superóxido dismutasa (SOD), catalasa (CAT) y ATPasas de la membrana (Na+K+-ATPasa, Ca2+-ATPasa y Mg2+-ATPasa) en cerebro, pulmón, riñón, hígado y corazón en comparación con el grupo de control. La administración conjunta de ALA (25mg/kg/día, i.p.) y cadmio durante treinta días dio lugar a una disminución significativa de los niveles de SGOT, SGPT y fosfatasa alcalina en suero hasta niveles cercanos a los normales. El uso de ALA también supuso una reducción del nivel de MDA y un aumento de los niveles de SOD, CAT, GSH y ATPasas unidas a la membrana en todos los órganos de los animales tratados con cadmio hasta niveles cercanos a los normales. El presente estudio demuestra el daño inducido por radicales libres derivados de la administración de cadmio sobre distintos órganos y el efecto antioxidante del ALA que protege a los órganos frente a este daño cuando se administra conjuntamente con cadmio (AU)

This study investigated the protective effect of alpha lipoic acid (ALA) on cadmium induced oxidative damage in rats. Cadmium (100ppm) fed to normal rats resulted in significant increase in the level of serum glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase (SGOT), serum glutamate pyruvate transaminase (SGPT) and Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP). Animals exposed to cadmium also showed a significant increase in level of lipid peroxidation (LPO) and decreased levels of reduced glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD) , catalase (CAT) and membrane bound ATPases (Na+K+ATPase,Ca2+ATPase and Mg2+ATPase) in brain, lung, kidney, liver and heart as compared to control group. Co administration of ALA (25mg/kg/day, i.p.) along with cadmium for thirty days significantly decreased the levels of SGOT, SGPT and Alkaline Phosphatase in the serum to near normal levels. ALA also reduced the level of MDA and increased the levels of SOD, CAT, GSH and membrane bound ATPases in all the organs of the animals treated with cadmium to near normal levels. This study demonstrates the free radical damage caused by administration of cadmium on different organs and the antioxidant effect of ALA which protects the organs from this damage when it is given along with cadmium (AU)

Síndrome de boca ardiente: puesta al día / Burning Mouth Syndrome

Se ha realizado una revisión bibliográfica del Síndrome de Boca Ardiente (SBA) con el fin de conocer los aspectos más relevantes en cuanto a los factores etiológicos implicados y las alternativas terapéuticas disponibles hasta la actualidad. Entre los factores etiológicos se pueden encontrar factores locales como infecciones, alergias o alteraciones en la cantidad y la calidad de la saliva; factores sistémicos como la menopausia, la diabetes mellitus o las carencias nutricionales, y factores psicológicos entre los que destacan la depresión, la ansiedad y la cancerofobia. Además, las últimas investigaciones sugieren un cuarto factor: las alteraciones neurosensoriales que apuntan hacia la posibilidad de que exista un trasfondo neuropático en la etiología de esta enfermedad. Entre los tratamientos empleados hasta la fecha, aparte del control de los factores implicados, destacan la capsaicina (el principio activo de especies vegetales del género Capsaicum, como por ejemplo el pimiento),cuya aplicación repetida provoca la depleción de la sustancia P y el ácido alfa-lipoico (ALA), un potente antioxidante que también actúa como coenzima en el ciclo de Krebs. De estos dos tratamientos parece que el ALA es el que mejores resultados ha obtenido hasta la actualidad, además de ser el que menos reacciones adversas ha provocado (AU)

A literature review on Burning Mouth Syndrome(BMS) has been performed in order to know the most relevant aspects regarding etiological factors and the treatments avalaible nowadays. Among etiological factors can be considered local factors as infections, allergy or qualitative and cuantitative salivary alterations; sistemic factors as menopause, diabetes mellitus or nutritional deficits; and psychological factors as depression, anxiety or cancerophobia. Moreover recent investigations hint a fourth factor, neurosensorial alterations that suggest a neuropathic background in the etiology of this syndrome. Among treatments employed to date, besides the control of involved factors , new drugs are being used, as capsaicin (an extract of peppers of Capsaicum gender) that can cause a deplection of P substance, and alpha-lipoic acid (ALA) a potent antioxidant agent that participates in Krebs´ cycle as a coenzyme. Of these therapies, ALA seems to obtain better results, and also less adverse reactions (AU)