The efficacy of hydrogel containing zinc oxide-loaded and minocycline serum albumin nanopartical in the treatment of peri-implantitis

Background: We conducted this animal study to assess the efficacy of the novel hydrogel containing zinc oxide-loaded and minocycline serum albumin nanoparticals (Mino-ZnO@Alb NPs) on peri-implantitis in an experimental mouse model. Material and methods: Mino-ZnO@Alb NPs was prepared as previously reported. The peri-implantitis model was successfully established in rats, and the rats were divided into three groups randomly: Mino-ZnO@Alb NPs (Mino-ZnO) group, minocycline group, and untreated group. Four weeks later, clinical and radiographic assessments were performed to evaluate soft tissue inflammation and bone resorption level. Histologic analysis was performed to estimate the amount of remaining supporting bone tissue (SBT) around implants. ELISA tests were used to determine the concentration of inflammation factor interleukin-1-beta (IL-1β) and anti-inflammation factor tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) around implants. Results: After one month, the Mino-ZnO group showed better results than the other two groups in regards to the results of bleeding on probing, probing pocket depth, bleeding index and gingival index. X-ray showed that SBT at mesial and distal sites around implants in the other two groups was significantly lower compared with that of Mino-ZnO group. The quantity of osteoclasts in peri-implant tissues of the Mino-ZnO group was less than that in the minocycline and untreated groups. IL-1β in the Mino-ZnO group was lower than that in the other two groups. TNF-α level was the opposite. Conclusions: Mino-ZnO@Alb NPs can effectively treat peri-implantitis and promote soft tissue healing, and may act as a promising product. (AU)

Chronic minocycline administration improves spermatogenesis in rats / La administración crónica de minociclina mejora la espermatogénesis en ratas

Introduction: Minocycline is a tetracycline with promising protective effects on different organs which are completely distinct from its antibacterial effects. Methods: To evaluate the effects of chronic administration of this agent on histological structure and sperm parameters of testes, forty adult male rats were randomly allocated into 2 equal groups I: control animals and II: treated animal that received 25mg/kg/day minocycline, orally. After 90 days of treatment, serum level of testosterone was assessed as well as sperm count, motility and morphology. Moreover, histological and histomorphometric evaluation of testes was performed including determination of height of the seminiferous germinal epithelium and perpendicular diameter of seminiferous tubules. Numbers of spermatogonia, primary spermatocytes, spermatids, Sertoli and Leydig cells were counted. Johnsen's scoring method was also performed. Results: Sperm parameters significantly improved in minocycline-treated animals. Moreover, number of germ cells in different stages of development significantly increased in treatment group as compared to control. This finding was associated with better Johnsen's score and thicker epithelium in seminiferous tubules. However, serum testosterone levels, Leydig and Sertoli cell count as well as tubular diameter did not show significant changes (p>0.05). Discussion: Chronic administration of minocycline is associated with improved spermatogenesis and sperm characteristics without affecting steroidogenesis in rats. (AU)

Introducción: La minociclina es una tetraciclina con efectos protectores prometedores en diferentes órganos que son completamente distintos de sus efectos antibacterianos. Métodos: Para evaluar los efectos de la administración crónica de este agente sobre la estructura histológica y los parámetros espermáticos de los testículos, se asignaron al azar 40 ratas macho adultas en 2 grupos iguales: I, animales control; y II, animal tratado que recibió 25mg/kg/día de minociclina, por vía oral. Después de 90 días de tratamiento, se evaluó el nivel sérico de testosterona, así como el recuento, la motilidad y la morfología de los espermatozoides. Además, se realizó una evaluación histológica e histomorfométrica de los testículos, incluida la determinación de la altura del epitelio germinal seminífero y el diámetro perpendicular de los túbulos seminíferos. Se contó el número de espermatogonias, espermatocitos primarios, espermátidas, células de Sertoli y Leydig. También se realizó el método de puntuación de Johnsen. Resultados: Los parámetros de los espermatozoides mejoraron significativamente en los animales tratados con minociclina. Además, el número de células germinales en diferentes etapas de desarrollo aumentó significativamente en el grupo de tratamiento en comparación con el control. Este hallazgo se asoció con una mejor puntuación de Johnsen y un epitelio más grueso en los túbulos seminíferos. Sin embargo, los niveles séricos de testosterona, el recuento de células de Leydig y Sertoli y el diámetro tubular no mostraron cambios significativos (p>0,05). Discusión: La administración crónica de minociclina se asocia con una mejor espermatogénesis y características de los espermatozoides sin afectar la esteroidogénesis en ratas. (AU)

Perfil de resistencia a la tetraciclina de Cutibacterium acnes en pacientes con acné vulgar en un centro dermatológico de Colombia / Cutibacterium Acnes Tetracycline Resistance Profile in Patients with Acne Vulgaris, in a Colombian Dermatologic Center

Introducción El acné es una enfermedad inflamatoria crónica, en cuya patogenia intervienen diferentes actores, siendo Cutibacterium acnes (C. acnes) uno de ellos. La resistencia de esta bacteria a los diferentes fármacos antimicrobianos utilizados en su tratamiento ha sido descrita en diferentes regiones del mundo. El objetivo de este estudio fue estimar la resistencia de C. acnes a las ciclinas en pacientes mayores de 18 años con acné de moderado a severo. Materiales y métodos Se realizó un estudio transversal analítico. Se obtuvieron muestras de las lesiones inflamatorias con un extractor de comedones. Se incubó el contenido de las muestras en ambiente anaeróbico para aislar C. acnes. Por último, se estimó la susceptibilidad de C. acnes a la tetraciclina, minociclina y doxiciclina. Resultados Se obtuvieron muestras de 147 pacientes, observándose crecimiento de C. acnes en 129 de ellos, y encontrándose que el 5,43% de las cepas era resistente a tetraciclina, el 5,43% a doxiciclina, el 0,78% a minociclina, y una resistencia cruzada entre doxiciclina y tetraciclina en todos los casos. Se encontró una asociación entre resistencia y edad igual o superior a 25 años. No se encontró asociación con el uso previo de antibióticos, historia de mal uso de antibióticos orales o tópicos y otras características demográficas y clínicas evaluadas. Conclusiones La resistencia a las ciclinas encontrada en C. acnes fue menor que la reportada en otros estudios. Aunque no se encontró relación con el uso previo de antibióticos, se trata de un factor descrito en estudios previos, por lo que el uso correcto de los mismos es imperativo para evitar la aparición de resistencia (AU)

Introduction Acne is a chronic inflammatory disease, in which different events intervene in its pathogenesis, one of which is Cutibacterium acnes (C. acnes). Resistance of this bacteria to different antimicrobials used in treatment has been described in different regions of the world. The purpose of the study is to estimate the resistance of C. acnes to cyclins in patients with moderate and severe acne over 18 years of age. Materials and Methods An analytical cross-sectional study was carried out. Samples were taken from inflammatory lesions with a comedone extractor. The content of the samples was incubated in an anaerobic atmosphere to grow C. acnes. Finally, the susceptibility of C. acnes to tetracycline, minocycline and doxycycline was determined. Result Samples were taken from 147 patients, of which 129 showed growth of C. acnes, finding that 5.43% of the strains were resistant to tetracycline, 5.43% to doxycycline, 0.78% to minocycline and cross resistance between doxycycline and tetracycline in all the cases. An association was found between resistance and being 25 years of age or older. No association was found with the prior use of antibiotics, a history of misuse of oral or topical antibiotics, and other demographic and clinical characteristics evaluated. Conclusions The resistance found of C. acnes to cyclines was lower than that reported in other studies. Although no relationship was found with the previous use of antibiotics, it is a factor described in previous studies, which is why the proper use of antibiotics is imperative to avoid the appearance of resistance (AU)

Edema facial por silicona tratado con minociclina: presentación de un caso / Facial swelling by silicone treated with minocycline

Actualmente las sustancias de relleno son la forma más popular para el rejuvenecimiento facial y el aumento de los tejidos. Existen varios problemas añadidos que han condicionado el aumento de las complicaciones con los materiales de relleno, que son el uso de sustancias adulteradas, la inyección de varios materiales en la misma zona o la administración por personal no entrenado/autorizado. Varias investigaciones sugieren que la ecografía de alta frecuencia (EAF) es una herramienta útil, de bajo coste y no invasiva para demostrar el tipo material de relleno e identificar el lugar de inyección y la cantidad de material inyectado. Presentamos en caso de una mujer de 64 años que presentaba edema hemifacial después de 15 años de haberse inyectado silicona líquida (SIL) en los labios, tratada con minociclina, mostrando mejoría clínica significativa

Currently injectable materials are popular for facial rejuvenation and soft tissue augmentation. There are some added problems, which have been conditioned by the increase in complications with fillers, that are the use of adulterated materials, injections of various types of substances in the same area or because administration by inexperienced/untrained professionals. Several studies suggest that high frequency ultrasound (HUS) is an economical, useful and non-invasive diagnostic tool to determine the nature and type of material and to identify the injection site and quantity of injected filler. We report a case of a 64-year-old woman who presented hemifacial swelling after 15 years of being injected with 1 infiltration of liquid injectable silicone (LIS) in the lips, treated with Minocycline, showing a significant clinical improvement

Lepra histioide, una variante rara: primer reporte en Ecuador / Histioid Leprosy a Rare Variant: First Report in Ecuador

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Hipertensión intracraneal inducida por minociclina en mujer portadora de dispositivo intrauterino de levonorgestrel / Minocycline-induced intracranial hypertension in a patient with a levonorgestrel intrauterine device

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Enfermedad por arañazo de gato en paciente con artritis reumatoidea tratado con etanercept / Cat scratch disease during etanercept therapy in a rheumatoid arthritis patient

La enfermedad por arañazo de gato (EAG) es una enfermedad infecciosa causada por la proteobacteria Bartonella henselae, caracterizada por fiebre y linfadenopatía granulomatosa. La inmunosupresión es un factor de riesgo para el desarrollo de formas atípicas de la enfermedad. Presentamos el caso de una mujer de 52 años de edad que presentó fiebre y adenomegalias inguinales bilaterales. No tenía contacto aparente con animales. La paciente estaba recibiendo tratamiento con etanercept por artritis reumatoidea. La biopsia del ganglio linfático informó de una adenopatía granulomatosa. Evolucionó favorablemente con la interrupción de etanercept y el tratamiento con minociclina. Presentó remisión clínica y la seroconversión típica. La infección por Bartonella debería ser considerada como un diagnóstico diferencial en pacientes con artritis reumatoidea, con linfadenopatía de origen desconocido

Cat scratch disease (CSD) is an infectious disorder caused by Bartonella henselae and characterized by fever and granulomatous lymphadenopathy. Immunosuppression is a risk factor for the development of atypical forms of the disease. We report the case of a 52-year-old woman who presented with fever and bilateral inguinal lymph node enlargement. She did not have apparent contact with animals. The patient was receiving etanercept therapy for rheumatoid arthritis. Lymph node biopsy demonstrated granulomatous lymphadenitis. She was successfully managed by discontinuing etanercept and by treatment with minocycline. She developed clinical remission and typical seroconversion. Infection with Bartonella should be considered in the differential diagnosis in rheumatoid arthritis patients with lymphadenopathy of unknown origin

Hiperpigmentación inducida por minociclina / Minocycline induced hyperpigmentation

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Pancreatitis aguda en la unidad de cuidados intensivos secundaria a tratamiento con tigeciclina / Acute pancreatitis in ICU secondary to treatment with tigecycline

La tigeciclina es un antibiótico de amplio espectro estructuralmente similar a la minociclina y que comparte algunos de los efectos adversos de las tetraciclinas. Presentamos el caso de una mujer de 68 años que se trató con tigeciclina por una sepsis de origen desconocido y desarrolló al 5° día de tratamiento un cuadro sugerente de pancreatitis aguda con dolor abdominal junto con elevación de enzimas pancreáticas. Tras descartar diferentes etiologías y basándonos en la escala de Naranjo para la probabilidad de reacciones adversas a fármacos, la tigeciclina fue la causa probable de la pancreatitis aguda, complicación de la cual ha habido 5 comunicaciones en la base de datos del sistema español de farmacovigilancia desde 2009. Se recomienda una vigilancia estrecha de signos y síntomas abdominales durante el uso de tigeciclina, ya que los efectos adversos en el aparato digestivo son los más prevalentes con este fármaco (AU)

Tigecycline is a broad spectrum antimicrobial agent, structurally similar to minocycline and that shares some tetracycline-related side effects. A case report is presented on a 68-year-old female who received tigecycline for a sepsis of unknown origin and who, in the following 5 days, developed abdominal pain and elevated pancreatic enzymes, which suggested acute pancreatitis. After ruling out other origins, and according to the Naranjo adverse drug reaction probability scale, tigecycline was the probable cause of the acute pancreatitis, a complication that has been reported 5 times in the database of the Spanish pharmacosurveillance system since 2009. Close monitoring of abdominal signs and symptoms is recommended during treatment with tigecycline, since adverse effects affecting the digestive system are the most prevalent ones when using this drug (AU)

Physician, beware drug fever without skin rashes can be caused by minocycline

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Colonización crónica por Bordetella petrii. Primer caso en España / Bordetella petrii chronic colonization. First case in Spain

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Pigmentación generalizada tras tratamiento a largo plazo con minociclina / Widespread pigmentation following long-term minocycline therapy

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Minocycline inhibits peritoneal macrophages but activates alveolar macrophages in acute pancreatitis

Minocycline is a tetracycline antibiotic that, in addition to its antimicrobial function, has been reported to possess a relevant anti-inflammatory activity. Its effects have been extensively evaluated in inflammatory-related neurological diseases. Here, we evaluate its effect on the systemic inflammatory response in a model of experimental acute pancreatitis. Minocycline treatment significantly reduced the inflammation in pancreas and mesenterium, had no effect on the adipose tissue inflammation, and increased the inflammatory response in the lung. These differences seem to be related with different effects exerted on peritoneal and alveolar macrophages. In vitro, minocycline reduced the expression of IL-1Beta and inhibit the activation of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kappaB) on peritoneal macrophages, while it had no effect on alveolar macrophages. Our data indicates that although minocycline may be useful as a tool to control some inflammatory processes, differences on its effects depending on the population of macrophages involved in the process can be expected. In the particular case of acute pancreatitis, it could promote or potentiate inflammation in the lung so that its use does not appear to be recommended

Tigeciclina: 10 años de historia y en plena vigencia / Tigecycline: 10 years of history and still in full force

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Cypermethrin alters the status of oxidative stress in the peripheral blood: relevance to Parkinsonism

Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a motor scarcity disorder characterized by the striatal dopamine deficiency owing to the selective degeneration of the nigrostriatal dopaminergic neurons. While oxidative stress is implicated in PD, prolonged exposure to moderate dose of cypermethrin induces Parkinsonism. The study aimed to investigate the status of oxidative stress indicators and antioxidant defence system of the polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs), platelets and plasma to delineate the effect of Parkinsonian dose of cypermethrin in the peripheral blood of rats and its subsequent relevance to Parkinsonism. Nitrite content, lipid peroxidation (LPO) and activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase, glutathione reductase (GR) and glutathione-S-transferase (GST) were measured in the PMNs, platelets and plasma of control and cypermethrin-treated rats in the presence or absence of a microglial activation inhibitor, minocycline or a dopamine precursor containing the peripheral 3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine decarboxylase inhibitor, named syndopa, employing the standard procedures. The striatal dopamine was measured to assess the degree of neurodegeneration/neuroprotection. Cypermethrin increased nitrite and LPO in the plasma, platelets and PMNs while it reduced the striatal dopamine content. Catalase and GST activity were increased in the PMNs and platelets; however, it was reduced in the plasma. Conversely, SOD and GR activities were reduced in the PMNs and platelets but increased in the plasma. Minocycline or syndopa reduced the cypermethrin-mediated changes towards normalcy. The results demonstrate that cypermethrin alters the status of oxidative stress indicators and impairs antioxidant defence system of the peripheral blood, which could be effectively salvaged by minocycline or syndopa. The results could be of value for predicting the nigrostriatal toxicity relevant to Parkinsonism (AU)

Minocycline attenuates mechanical allodynia and expression of spinal NMDA receptor 1 subunit in rat neuropathic pain model

Recent studies have indicated that minocycline, a microglia inhibitor, could potentially be used as an antinociceptive agent in pain management, although the underlying mechanisms remain elusive. In this study, we investigated the extent to which minocycline could influence pain behavior in association with the expression of the N-methyl-d-aspartic acid receptor 1 (NMDAR1) in a rat L5 spinal nerve ligation (SNL) model. We observed that the intrathecal injection of minocycline significantly attenuated mechanical allodynia in a rat SNL model from day 1 postinjection and persisted for at least 18 days. We also observed that the expression of NMDAR1 was increased in the spinal dorsal horn at 8 days after SNL, which could be partly inhibited through the intrathecal injection of minocycline. These findings suggest that the attenuation of allodynia in the SNL model following minocycline administration might be associated with the inhibited expression of NMDAR1 and, therefore, might play an important role in the minocycline-mediated antinociception (AU)

Lupus pernio. Presentación de una serie de 8 pacientes / Lupus pernio. A report of a series of 8 patients

Objetivos. Aunque el lupus pernio (LP) es la lesión cutánea más característica de la sarcoidosis crónica, en nuestro país se han comunicado muy pocos casos. El objetivo del estudio fue revisar la frecuencia y características clínicas de los pacientes con LP en una serie amplia de pacientes con sarcoidosis. Métodos. Revisión retrospectiva de la frecuencia y características de los pacientes diagnosticados de LP de la serie de sarcoidosis de nuestro centro durante un periodo de 35 años. Resultados. De 507 pacientes con sarcoidosis, 8 (1,6%) presentaron LP. La edad media fue de 42 años. En 6 casos el LP fue la forma de presentación de la sarcoidosis. Cinco pacientes mostraron afectación de la piel nasal y un caso presentó afectación severa de la mucosa nasal. Todos los pacientes fueron tratados con antimaláricos, 4 con corticoides, 2 con láser o con combinaciones con otros fármacos. Resultados. Ningún paciente con afectación cutánea nasal presentó remisión del LP. Conclusiones. El LP es poco frecuente en las formas clínicas de la sarcoidosis de nuestro país. La afectación cutánea nasal no responde al tratamiento. La reciente introducción del infliximab puede representar un avance en el tratamiento del LP(AU)

Objectives. Although lupus pernio (LP) is the most characteristic cutaneous lesion of chronic sarcoidosis, only a few cases have been reported in our country. The aim of this study was to review the frequency and clinical characteristics of patients with LP in a large series of patients with sarcoidosis. Methods. A retrospective review of the frequency and characteristics of patients diagnosed as having LP from the series of sarcoidosis of our institution for a period of 35 years was performed. Results. Eight (1.6%) out of 507 patients with sarcoidosis were diagnosed of LP. Mean age was 42 years. In 6 patients, LP was the presentation form of sarcoidosis. Five patients had involvement of the nasal skin and one patient severe involvement of the nasal mucosa. All the patients were treated with antimalarial drugs, 4 with oral corticosteroids, 2 with laser therapy, or with combinations with other drugs. None of the patient having nasal skin involvement showed remission of LP. Conclusions. LP is a rare clinical form of sarcoidosis in our country. No treatment is effective for nasal skin involvement. The recent introduction of infliximab may represent an advance in the treatment of LP(AU)

Papel de la daptomicina en el tratamiento de las infecciones en el paciente oncohematológico / Role of daptomycin in the treatment of infections in patients with hematological malignancies

Introducción: Las infecciones bacterianas en pacientes con neoplasias hematológicas conllevan una alta morbimortalidad. Los microorganismos grampositivos pueden causar más de la mitad de los episodios infecciosos bacterianos del enfermo con neutropenia febril, especialmente cuando se trata de bacteriemias. Se precisa una cobertura eficaz frente a tales infecciones en estos huéspedes especialmente inmunodeprimidos. Pacientes y métodos: Se revisa la literatura científica reciente de la última década sobre infecciones en pacientes oncohematológicos, con o sin neutropenia febril, y se destacan las publicaciones que atienden los procesos causados por grampositivos y el manejo de estas infecciones, sean o no bacteriémicas, mediante los fármacos tradicionales (glucopéptidos) y los nuevos antibióticos (linezolid, tigeciclina y daptomicina). Resultados: Se evidencia una llamativa escasez de estudios sobre el tratamiento de estas infecciones por microorganismos grampositivos en pacientes con cáncer mediante los nuevos antimicrobianos; destaca especialmente la carencia de ensayos comparativos. En concreto, para el caso de la daptomicina no se dispone de estudios aleatorizados comparativos en pacientes con neutropenia febril, aunque sí de estudios observacionales retrospectivos y de registro de casos (EUCORE) con un amplio número de pacientes oncohematoló- gicos (en torno a 200). En cuanto a la eficacia, las tasas de respuesta global favorable se sitúan entre el 65 y el 90% en los tres estudios principales, con un porcentaje de éxito terapéutico del 85% en pacientes con neutropenia febril grave. Simultáneamente, el perfil de seguridad de la daptomicina se mostró muy apropiado, con una buena tolerancia y una baja tasa de efectos secundarios (< 10% para los directamente relacionados con el antibiótico) que, en muy pocas ocasiones, fueron graves u obligaron a la interrupción del tratamiento. La tasa de nefrotoxicidad fue mucho más baja respecto a la causada por vancomicina en grupos de control históricos comparativos, aunque no alcanzaron la significación estadística. Conclusiones: La daptomicina es una alternativa terapéutica eficaz y segura en el tratamiento de las infecciones bacterianas por microorganismos grampositivos en los pacientes con cáncer, con o sin neutropenia, si bien se precisan datos más sólidos y definitivos para apoyar su inclusión en el tratamiento empírico de la neutropenia febril (AU)

Introduction: Bacterial infections in patients with hematological neoplasms carry high morbidity and mortality. Gram-positive microorganisms can cause more than half of the bacterial infections in patients with febrile neutropenia, especially bacteremias. Effective coverage against these infections in these hosts, especially the immunodepressed, is required. Patients and methods: We reviewed the literature published in the last decade on infections in patients with hematological malignancies, with or without febrile neutropenia. Emphasis was placed on publications analyzing the processes caused by Gram-positive microorganisms and the management of these infections (whether bacteremic or otherwise) through traditional drugs (glycopeptides) and the new antibiotics (linezolid, tigecycline and daptomycin). Results: There was a notable scarcity of studies on the treatment of infections due to Gram-positive microorganisms in patients with cancer through treatment with the new antimicrobial drugs. Especially striking was the lack of comparative studies. Specifically, in the case of daptomycin, there were no randomized comparative trials in patients with febrile neutropenia, although there were observational retrospective studies or case studies [European Cubicin® Outcome Registry and Experience (EUCORE)] with a large number of patients (around 200) with oncological malignancies. In the three main studies, the overall favorable response rates were between 65% and 90%, with a therapeutic success rate of 85% in patients with severe febrile neutropenia. At the same time, the safety profile of daptomycin was shown to be highly favorable with good tolerability and a low rate of adverse effects (< 10% for those directly related to the antibiotic) which, on very few occasions, were severe or led to treatment withdrawal. The nephrotoxicity rate was much lower than that caused by vancomycin in historical control groups, although there were no statistically significant differences. Conclusions: Daptomycin is a safe and effective therapeutic alternative in the treatment of bacterial infections due to Gram-positive microorganisms in patients with cancer, with or without neutropenia. However, further studies are required to support the use of this drug in the empirical treatment of febrile neutropenia (AU)

Lupus inducido por fármacos / Drug-induced lupus

El lupus inducido por fármacos (LIF) es un síndrome que comparte síntomas y características de laboratorio con el lupus eritematoso sistémico (LES) idiopático y que se presenta tras la exposición a ciertos fármacos (AU)

Drug-induced lupus (DIL) is syndrome characterised by the occurrence of lupus-like symptoms and serological findings, following exposure to certain drugs. A substantial number of drugs can induce the positivity of antinuclear antibodies (ANA) but the diagnosis of DIL cannot be done in the absence of clinical features (AU)