The potential diagnostic accuracy of circulating microRNAs for Alzheimer's disease: A meta-analysis / La precisión diagnóstica de los microARN circulantes para la enfermedad de Alzheimer: un metaanálisis

Background & objective Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive and irreversible neurodegenerative disease that seriously affects cognitive ability and has become a key public health problem. Many studies have identified the possibility of peripheral blood microRNA as effective non-invasive biomarkers for AD diagnosis, but the results are inconsistent. Therefore, we carried out this meta-analysis to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of circulating microRNAs in the diagnosis of AD patients. Methods We performed a systematic literature search of the following databases: PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, Wanfang database and China National Knowledge Infrastructure, updated to March 15, 2021. A random effects model was used to pool the sensitivity, specificity, positive likelihood ratio, negative likelihood ratio, diagnostic odds ratio and area under the curve. Meta-regression and subgroup analysis were performed to explore the sources of heterogeneity, and Deeks’ funnel plot was used to assess whether there was publication bias. Results 62 studies from 18 articles were included in this meta-analysis. The pooled sensitivity was 0.82 (95% CI: 0.78–0.85), specificity was 0.80 (95% CI: 0.76–0.83), PLR was 4. 1 (95% CI: 3.4–4.9), NLR was 0.23 (95% CI: 0.19–0.28), DOR was 18 (95% CI: 13–25) and AUC was 0.88 (95% CI: 0.84–0.90). Subgroup analysis shows that the microRNA clusters of plasma type performed a better diagnostic accuracy of AD patients. In addition, publication bias was not found. Conclusions Circulating microRNAs can be used as a promising non-invasive biomarker in AD diagnosis. (AU)

Antecedentes y objetivo La enfermedad de Alzheimer (EA) es una enfermedad neurodegenerativa progresiva e irreversible que afecta gravemente la capacidad cognitiva y se ha convertido en un problema clave de salud pública. Muchos estudios han identificado la posibilidad de que los microARN de sangre periférica sean biomarcadores no invasivos para el diagnóstico de la EA, pero los resultados son inconsistentes. Por lo tanto, llevamos a cabo este metaanálisis para evaluar la precisión diagnóstica de los microARN circulantes en el diagnóstico de pacientes con EA. Métodos Realizamos una búsqueda bibliográfica sistemática de las siguientes bases de datos: PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, Wanfang database y China National Knowledge Infrastructure, actualizado a 15 de marzo de 2021. Se utilizó un modelo de efectos aleatorios para agrupar la sensibilidad, especificidad, razón de probabilidad positiva, razón de probabilidad negativa, razón de probabilidades de diagnóstico y área bajo la curva. Se realizó una metarregresión y un análisis de subgrupos para explorar las fuentes de heterogeneidad, y se utilizó el gráfico en embudo de Deek's para evaluar si había sesgo de publicación. Resultados En este metaanálisis se incluyeron 62 estudios de 18 artículos. La sensibilidad combinada fue de 0,82 (IC 95%: 0,78-0,85), la especificidad fue de 0,80 (IC 95%: 0,76-0,83), la PLR fue de 4,1 (IC 95%: 3,4-4,9), la NLR fue de 0,23 (IC 95%: 0,19-0,28), la DOR fue de 18 (IC 95%: 13-25) y el AUC fue de 0,88 (IC 95%: 0,84-0,90). El análisis de subgrupos muestra que los microARN clústeres de tipo plasmático tuvieron una mejor precisión diagnóstica de pacientes con EA. Además, no se encontró sesgo de publicación. Conclusión Los microARN circulantes pueden utilizarse como un biomarcador no invasivo prometedor para el diagnóstico de la EA. (AU)

Non-coding RNAs as potential biomarkers of gallbladder cancer

Gallbladder cancer (GBC) performs strongly invasive and poor prognosis, and adenocarcinoma is the most common histological type in it. Statistically, the 5-year survival rate of patients with advanced GBC is less than 5%. Such dismal outcome might be caused by chemotherapy resistance and native biology of tumor cells, regardless of emerging therapeutic strategies. Early diagnosis, depending on biomarkers, receptors and secretive proteins, is more important than clinical therapy, guiding the pathologic stage of cancer and the choice of medication. Therefore, it is in urgent need to understand the specific pathogenesis of GBC and strive to find promising novel biomarkers for early screening in GBC. Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), especially microRNAs (miRNAs, miRs), long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), and circular RNAs (circRNAs), are confirmed to participate in and regulate the occurrence and development of GBC. Exceptionally, lncRNAs and circRNAs could act as competing endogenous RNAs (ceRNAs) containing binding sites for miRNAs and crosstalk with miRNAs to target regulatory downstream protein-coding messenger RNAs (mRNAs), thus affecting the expression levels of specific proteins to participate in and regulate the development and progression of GBC. It follows that ncRNAs may become promising biomarkers and potential therapeutic targets for GBC. In this review, we mainly summarize the recent research progress of miRNAs and lncRNAs in regulating the development and progression of GBC, chemoresistance, and predicting the prognosis of patients, and highlight the potential applications of the lncRNA/circRNA–miRNA–mRNA cross-regulatory networks in early diagnosis, chemoresistance, and prognostic evaluation, aiming to better understand the pathogenesis of GBC and develop new diagnostic and therapeutic strategies (AU)

Diagnostic accuracy of circulating microRNA in hepatitis B virus-related hepatocellular carcinoma: a meta-analysis based on Asian data

Background and aim: hepatitis B virus (HBV) is the main risk factor for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). We performed a meta-analysis based on Asian data to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of circulating microRNA as a non-invasive biomarker in the diagnosis of HBV-related HCC.Methods: a comprehensive literature search (updated to May 12, 2021) in PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Wanfang Database, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) was performed to identify eligible studies. The sensitivity, specificity, positive likelihood ratio (PLR), negative likelihood ratio (NLR), diagnostic odds ratio (DOR), and area under the curve (AUC) for diagnosing HBV-related HCC were pooled in this meta-analysis. A subgroup analysis was performed to explore heterogeneity, and Deeks' funnel plot was used to assess publication bias.Results: a total of 19 articles including 32 studies were included in the current meta-analysis. The overall sensitivity, specificity, PLR, NLR, DOR and AUC were 0.83 (95 % CI: 0.79 to 0.87), 0.78 (95 % CI: 0.73 to 0.83), 3.9 (95 % CI: 3.0 to 4.9), 0.21 (95 % CI: 0.16 to 0.27), 18 (95 % CI: 12 to 27) and 0.88 (95 % CI: 0.85 to 0.91), respectively. Subgroup analysis shows that miRNA clusters with a large sample size showed better diagnostic accuracy. Although there is no publication bias, the research still has some limitations.Conclusions: circulating miRNAs could serve as a potential non-invasive biomarker in diagnosing HBV-related HCC in Asian populations. (AU)

La posible precisión diagnóstica de los microARN circulantes para el cáncer de próstata: un metaanálisis / The potential diagnostic accuracy of circulating microRNAs for prostate cancer: A meta-analysis

Objetivos Realizamos este metaanálisis para evaluar la precisión diagnóstica de los microARN (miARN) circulantes para el diagnóstico precoz del cáncer de próstata (CaP).Métodos Se realizó una búsqueda bibliográfica sistemática (actualizada al 18 de febrero de 2021) en PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, base de datos Wanfang y China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) para identificar los estudios elegibles. La sensibilidad (SEN), la especificidad (SPE), la razón de verosimilitud positiva (PLR), la razón de verosimilitud negativa (NLR), la razón de probabilidades de diagnóstico (DOR) y el área bajo la curva (AUC) de la curva característica de funcionamiento del receptor (SROC) se agruparon tanto para el análisis general como para el de subgrupos. La metarregresión y el análisis de subgrupos se realizaron para explorar la heterogeneidad y se utilizó el gráfico en embudo de Deek para evaluar el sesgo de publicación.Resultados Ciento diecinueve estudios de 33 artículos pertenecientes a 8.703 pacientes con CaP y 4.914 controles se incluyeron en nuestro metaanálisis. La SEN, la SPE, la PLR, la NLR, la odds ratio diagnóstica y el AUC para el análisis general fueron 0,79, 0,81, 4,1, 0,26, 16 y 0,87, respectivamente. La SEN, la SPE, la PLR, la NLR, la odds ratio diagnóstica y el AUC agrupadas de miR-21 en el diagnóstico del CaP fueron 0,86, 0,90, 8,3, 0,16, 52 y 0,94, respectivamente. El análisis de subgrupos sugirió que el miARN sérico regulado al alza con un tamaño de muestra grande podría llevar a cabo una mejor precisión diagnóstica de los pacientes con CaP. Además, no se encontró sesgo de publicación.Conclusiones El miARN circulante, especialmente el miR-21, puede utilizarse como un biomarcador no invasivo prometedor en el diagnóstico precoz del CaP (AU)

Objectives This meta-analysis has been conducted to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of circulating microRNAs for the early diagnosis of prostate cancer (PCA).Methods A systematic literature search was performed (updated to February 18, 2021) in PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, Wanfang database and China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) to identify eligible studies. The pooled sensitivity (SEN), specificity (SPE), positive likelihood ratio (PLR), negative likelihood ratio (NLR), diagnostic odds ratio (DOR), and area under curve (AUC) of the summary receiver-operating characteristic (SROC) curve were calculated for both overall and subgroup analysis. The meta-regression and subgroup analysis were performed to explore heterogeneity and Deeks’ funnel plot was used to assess publication bias.Results One hundred nineteen studies from 33 articles owned 8703 PCA patients and 4914 controls were included in our meta-analysis. The overall sensitivity, specificity, positive likelihood ratio, negative likelihood ratio, diagnostic odds ratio and area under the curve were 0.79, 0.81, 4.1, 0.26, 16 and 0.87, respectively. The pooled sensitivity, specificity, positive likelihood ratio, negative likelihood ratio, diagnostic odds ratio, and area under the curve of miR-21 in diagnosis of PCA were 0.86, 0.90, 8.3, 0.16, 52 and 0.94, respectively. Subgroup analysis suggested that the upregulated miRNA of serum type with large sample size could carry out a better diagnostic accuracy of PCA patients. Moreover, publication bias was not found.Conclusions Circulating microRNA, especially miR-21, can be used as a promising noninvasive biomarker in the early diagnosis of PCA (AU)

Dinámica de microARN circulantes en pacientes con infarto agudo de miocardio con elevación del segmento ST con shock cardiogénico / Circulating MiRNA dynamics in ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction-driven cardiogenic shock

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Stability of asthma control implies no changes in microRNAs expression

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