iNKT cells are increased in children with severe therapy-resistant asthma

Background: Invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells play complex functions in the immune system, releasing both Th1 and Th2 cytokines. The role of iNKT cells in human asthma is still controversial and never described in severe therapy-resistant asthma in children. The objective of this work was to analyse iNKT frequency in peripheral blood of children with severe therapy-resistant asthma (STRA), compared to children with milder asthma and healthy controls. Methods: Children with asthma (n = 136) (non-severe and STRA) from a referral centre and healthy controls (n = 40) were recruited. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were isolated, stained with anti-CD3 and anti-iNKT (Vα24Jα18), and analysed through flow cytometry. Atopic status was defined by measuring specific IgE in serum. Airway inflammation was assessed by induced sputum. Results: Children with asthma presented an increased frequency of CD3+iNKT+ cells (median 0.38% IQR 0.18-1.9), compared to healthy controls (median 0.26% IQR 0.10-0.43) (p = 0.025). Children with STRA also showed an increased frequency of iNKT cells (1.5% IQR 1.05-2.73) compared to healthy controls and non-severe asthmatic children (0.35% IQR 0.15-1.6; p = 0.002). The frequency of iNKT cells was not different between atopic and non-atopic children. In addition, iNKT cells were not associated with any inflammatory pattern of induced sputum studied. Conclusion: Our data suggests that iNKT cells play a role in paediatric asthma, which is also associated with the severity of disease, but independent of the atopic status (AU)

No disponible

Linfoma de células NK/T extranodal nasal / Nasal-type extranodal Natural Killer T-cell lymphoma

No disponible

Prognostic significance of immune cells in the tumor microenvironment and peripheral blood of gallbladder carcinoma patients

Background. The role of the interaction between tumor cells and inflammatory cells in gallbladder carcinoma (GBC) is unclear. Inflammatory cells exist in both the tumor immune microenvironment and the host peripheral blood circulatory system. In the current study, we examined the prognostic value of inflammatory cells in the tumor microenvironment and peripheral blood in patients with GBC. Methods. 98 patients with GBC were recruited in this retrospective study. Using immunohistochemistry, we examined tumor-infiltrating CD3+ generic T-cells, CD8+ cytotoxic T-cells, CD45RO+ memory T-cells, and CD15+ neutrophils. Peripheral venous blood samples were also collected, and absolute neutrophil count (ANC), absolute lymphocyte count (ALC) and neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (NLR) were measured. The relationships between these variables and patient outcome were evaluated. Results. Survival analysis revealed that the density of CD3+ cell infiltrates in the tumor microenvironment was positively correlated with overall survival (OS) and the density of CD15+ cell infiltrates was negatively correlated with the OS. The combined analysis showed that a high density of CD3+ cell infiltrates combined with a low density of CD15+ cell infiltrates was an independent prognostic factor for GBC. In peripheral blood, survival analysis suggested that ANC and NLR were negatively correlated, while ALC was positively correlated with OS. Multivariate survival analysis showed that NLR was an independent prognostic factor for gallbladder cancer prognosis. Conclusions. The results indicate that the combination of high density of CD3+ cell infiltrates combined with a low density of CD15+ cell infiltrates in tumor samples and pretreatment peripheral blood NLR were independent prognostic factors in patients with GBC (AU)

No disponible

Enfermedad de Graves con predominio de T3 en la edad pediátrica / T3-predominant Graves' disease in paediatric patients

No disponible

Linfoma cutáneo primario T CD4+ de célula pequeña/mediana, granulomatoso / Primary cutaneous small-to-medium-sized CD4+ T-cell lymphoma with a granulomatous component

No disponible

Granulomatous Variant of Pigmented Purpura / Variante granulomatosa de púrpura pigmentada

No disponible

Análisis de factores celulares y moleculares de la frontera tumoral relacionados con la afectación de los ganglios centinela y no centinela en el cáncer de mama / Analysis of cellular and molecular factors at the tumoral margin related to sentinel and non-sentinel lymph node involvement in breast cancer

Objetivos. Investigar el valor de predicción de afectación tumoral del ganglio linfático centinela (GLC) de factores celulares y moleculares determinados en la frontera tumoral de los tumores primarios, así como el valor de esas expresiones en los GLC para predecir la afectación de los ganglios linfáticos no centinela (GLNC) en el cáncer de mama. Pacientes y métodos. Se analizaron muestras tisulares de 59 pacientes que se sometieron a la fase de validación de la técnica de la biopsia selectiva del GLC por cáncer de mama. Se seleccionaron aquellas muestras tisulares de la frontera tumoral de los tumores primarios y de los GLC, sobre los que se realizaron estudios inmunohistoquímicos utilizando mallas de tejido y anticuerpos específicos frente a D2-40, CD3, CD20, CD68, CD138, metaloproteasa (MMP)-1, MMP-7, MMP-13 y inhibidor de metaloproteasas de tejido-1 (TIMP-1). Resultados. La invasión linfática tumoral, el número de células mononucleares inflamatorias (CMI) CD68-positivas o CD138-positivas, se asociaron de forma positiva y significativa con la afectación tumoral de los GLC; mientras que la expresión de TIMP-1, tanto por las células tumorales como por los CMI o fibroblastos del estroma tumoral, se asoció significativamente de forma negativa. La expresión de MMP-1 por las CMI del GLC neoplásico se asoció significativamente con la afectación tumoral de los GLNC. Conclusiones. La determinación de factores celulares y moleculares en la frontera tumoral puede contribuir a conocer mejor las diferentes fases de la metastatización ganglionar linfática en el cáncer de mama (AU)

Objectives. To investigate the predictive value of tumour involvement of the sentinel lymph node (SLN) in terms of specific cellular and molecular factors at the tumoural margin of primary tumours, as well as the value of expression of these factors in the SLNs to predict the involvement of non-SLNs in breast cancer. Patients and methods. Tissue samples from 59 patients who underwent the validation phase of SLN biopsy of breast cancer were analyzed. Tissue samples from the tumoural margin of primary tumours and from SLNs were selected. Immunohistochemical studies were performed using the tissue array technique and antibodies against D2-40, CD3, CD20, CD68, CD138, metalloprotease (MMP)-1, MMP-7, MMP-13 and the tissue inhibitor of metalloproteases-1 (TIMP-1). Results. Tumoural invasion of the lymph nodes and the number of CD68- or CD138-positive mononuclear inflammatory cells (MICs) were positively and significantly associated with tumoural involvement of the SLNs. TIMP-1 expression, both by tumour cells and by MICs or fibroblasts from the tumor stroma, was negatively and significantly associated with tumoural involvement. MMP-1 expression by MICs from neoplastic SLNs was significantly associated with tumoural involvement of non-SLNs. Conclusions. Determination of both cellular and molecular factors at the tumoural margin may contribute to better assessment of the different phases of lymph node metastases in breast cancer (AU)

Papuloeritrodermia de Ofuji asociada a linfoma cutáneo de células T Cd3+, Cd4+, Cd8-y gammapatía monoclonal de significado incierto / Papuloerythroderma of Ofuji Associated With CD3, + CD4, + and CD8− Cutaneous T-Cell Lymphoma and Monoclonal Gammopathy of Undetermined Significance

No disponible

Potente inducción de células NKT tras la administración de un preparado vacunal contra rotavirus / Induction of NKT cells after administration of a vaccine against rotavirus

No disponible

Inmunodeficiencias congénitas del receptor de antígeno de los linfocitos T / Congenital T-cell receptor immunodeficiencies

Las inmunodeficiencias humanas del TCR son enfermedades autosómicas recesivas con baja prevalencia, caracterizadas por un defecto de expresión del TCR asociado a una linfopenia T selectiva (más leve en el caso de CD3γ, TCRα o CD247, o grave en el caso de CD3δ o CD3¿). La ausencia congénita de componentes del TCR tiene un impacto diferencial en el desarrollo y función de los linfocitos T, que depende de la cadena del TCR afectada y de la especie, siendo en algunos casos diferente en los pacientes humanos en comparación con los modelos en ratones. El estudio del inmunofenotipo mediante citometría de flujo, junto con los estudios moleculares, proporciona información esencial para el diagnóstico y el tratamiento, que continúa siendo a día de hoy el trasplante de progenitores hematopoyéticos en los casos asociados a inmunodeficiencia grave (AU)

T-cell receptor (TCR) immunodeficiencies of humans are low-prevalence autosomal recessive diseases characterized by impaired surface TCR expression and selective T lymphopenia (milder in CD3γ, TCRα or CD247 deficiency, and severe in individuals lacking CD3δ or CD3¿). The congenital absence of TCR components has a differential impact on T-cell development and function depending on the affected TCR chain and on the species, with human patients being, in some cases, rather different from mouse counterparts. The study of the immunophenotype by flow cytometry, along with molecular analyses, provides essential information for diagnosis and treatment, which is still to date the transplant of hematopoietic progenitors in severe immunodeficiency associated cases(AU)

The effect of royal jelly on CD3+, CD5+, CD45+ T-cell and CD68+ cell distribution in the colon of rats with acetic acid-induced colitis

Background: Traditional medicines and health supplements have historically been used to treat many illnesses but most of them have not been evaluated objectively to prove their efficacy. We have been investigating the effects of royal jelly (RJ) supplements on acetic acid-induced colitis on the distribution of CD3+, CD5+, CD45+ T-cell and CD68+ cells in rats. Methods: The rats were divided into four equal groups: control group, royal jelly-treated (RJ - 150mgkg−1 body weight), acetic acid-treated (colitis) and acetic acid-treated (colitis) +royal jelly (CRJ - 150mgkg−1 body weight). Colitis was induced by intracolonic instillation of 4% acetic acid; the control group received physiological saline (10mLkg−1). Colon samples were obtained under deep anaesthesia from animals in four groups. Tissues were fixed in 10% formalin neutral buffer solution for 24h and embedded in paraffin. Results: The proliferative response of CD3+ and CD45+ T cells stimulated with colitis was affected by colitis treated with RJ. No differences were found in CD5+ T cells and CD68+ macrophages in the colitis treated with RJ. Conclusions: This study has shown that RJ has anti-inflammatory and cell regeneration effect in the colon of rats with acetic acid induced colitis(AU)

No disponible

Valor predictivo de la infiltración por linfocitos T intraepiteliales (CD3) en el pronóstico del cáncer colorrectal resecado / No disponible

Introducción: El carcinoma colorrectal (CCR) puede inducir una respuesta inmunitaria antitumoral mediada por linfocitos T, que expresan el CD3.ObjetivosAnalizar el valor pronóstico de la expresión tisular de CD3 intraepitelial (CD3I) globalmente y en los estadios tumorales menos avanzados. Métodos Revisamos 251 CCR resecados, con evolución controlada, estudiando inmunohistoquímicamente la expresión de CD3I. Determinamos mediante análisis multivariante las variables con valor pronóstico independiente sobre la supervivencia del CCR. Analizamos la expresión de CD3I (+), en relación con la supervivencia y la progresión tumoral, globalmente y en los pacientes en estadio pTNM (I-II), estableciendo su sensibilidad, especificidad, valor predictivo positivo (VP+) y negativo y precisión diagnóstica. Resultados Un 25,9% de los CCR fueron CD3I (+). Tras un seguimiento medio de 74 meses, la expresión CD3I (+) mostró un valor pronóstico favorable para la supervivencia en el análisis multivariante (p=0,045). Las curvas de supervivencia y no progresión tumoral resultaron más favorables en los casos CD3I (+), tanto globalmente (p=0,009 y p=0,004, respectivamente), como en estadio I-II (p=0,029 y p=0,015). La especificidad (E) y valor predictivo positivo (VP+) de la expresión de CD3I (+) fueron: supervivencia global, E=0,89; VP+=0,91. Estadio (I-II): E=0,94; VP+=0,98. Sin progresión tumoral global: E=0,89; VP+=0,88. Estadio (I-II): E=0,92; VP+=0,96.ConclusionesLa expresión de CD3I conlleva un valor pronóstico favorable independiente, con porcentajes significativamente superiores de supervivencia y de no progresión tumoral, manteniéndose este mejor pronóstico en los estadios menos avanzados (I-II) y presentando unas elevadas tasas de especificidad y valor predictivo positivo (AU)

Introduction: Colorectal cancer (CRC) can induce an anti-tumoral immune response mediated by T-lymphocytes, which express CD3.Objectives: To analyze the prognostic value of tissue expression of intraepithelial CD3 (CD3I) both overall and in the early tumoral stages. Methods: We revised 251 patients with resected CRC and favorable clinical course. CD3I expression was analyzed by immunohistochemistry. Multivariate analysis was used to analyze the variables independently associated with survival. We analyzed CD3I(+) expression in relation to survival and tumoral progression, both overall and in patients with pTNM(I-II) stage tumors. The sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values and diagnostic accuracy ofCD3I expression were analyzed. Results: A total of 25.9% of patients with CRC were CD3I(+). After a mean follow-up of74 months, CD3I(+) expression showed a favorable prognostic value for survival in the multivariate analysis (p = 0.045). Survival curves and absence of tumoral progression were more favorable in CD3I(+) cases, both overall (p = 0.009 and p = 0.004, respectively), and in stages I-II(p = 0.029 and p = 0.015). The specificity and positive predictive value of CD3I(+) were as follows: Survival: overall: specificity =0.89; positive predictive value =0.91. Stage (I-II): specificity =0.94;positive predictive value =0.98. Absence of tumoral progression: overall: specificity = 0.89;positive predictive value =0.88. Stage (I-II): specificity =0.92; positive predictive value =0.96.Conclusions: CD3I expression has an favorable independent prognostic value, with statistically significantly higher percentages of survival and absence of tumoral progression. This more favorable outcome is maintained in the less advanced stages (I-II). CD3I expression shows high specificity and positive predictive value (AU)

Papulosis linfomatoide: hallazgos clínico-patológicos en 18 pacientes / Lymphomatoid papulosis: Clinical and pathological findings in 18 patients

Introducción: La papulosis linfomatoide (PL) es una dermatosis que se engloba dentro de los procesos linfoproliferativos CD30 positivos de la piel. Se ha descrito su asociación a linfoma de Hogking (LH), así como su progresión a micosis fungoide (MF) y linfoma cutáneo anaplásico de célula grande (LCACG). Objetivos: Investigar los hallazgos clínicos, histológicos y la respuesta al tratamiento en un grupo de pacientes con PL. Material y métodos: Se llevó a cabo un estudio retrospectivo, descriptivo y observacional. Se seleccionaron 18 pacientes con diagnóstico histológico confirmado de PL y con un adecuado seguimiento clínico. Se recopilaron los hallazgos histológicos de las biopsias de piel, la forma de presentación, la evolución y la respuesta a los tratamientos utilizados. Resultados: Se reclutaron un total de 18 pacientes, 10 varones y 8 mujeres. La mayoría de las biopsias, 14 de 18 (78%) mostraban un infiltrado linfocitario en cuña, CD30 positivo, CD3 positivo y CD56 negativo. El tipo histológico más frecuente fue el tipo A, presente en un 83% de las biopsias de los pacientes. La forma clínica de presentación más frecuente fue en forma de pápulas en el tronco (83%). Un 62% de los pacientes sufrió un único brote autorresolutivo. La media de seguimiento fue de 7 años, durante los cuales un 12% de los pacientes desarrolló una micosis fungoide, sin encontrarse otras asociaciones. Discusión: Existen pocas series de pacientes con PL publicadas en los últimos años; sin embargo, globalmente los hallazgos descritos en ellas coinciden con las de nuestro grupo de pacientes. Conclusiones: La PL es un cuadro linfoproliferativo típicamente CD30 positivo que habitualmente tiene un curso benigno con buena respuesta a los tratamientos utilizados (AU)

Background: Lymphomatoid papulosis (LyP) is a CD30+ lymphoproliferative skin disease that has been described in association with Hodgkin lymphoma. It has also been reported to progress to mycosis fungoides or cutaneous anaplastic large-cell lymphoma. Objective: To study the clinical and histologic features of LyP and response to treatment in a patient series. Materials and methods: For this retrospective, descriptive, observational study of patients with histologically confirmed LyP and sufficient follow-up data on record, we extracted histologic findings on skin biopsy, clinical presentation, clinical course, and response to treatments. Results: Eighteen patients (10 male, 8 female) were identified. Most biopsies (14/18, 78%) showed a wedge-shaped lymphocytic infiltrate with CD30+, CD3+, and CD56− cells. A type A histologic pattern was present in the biopsies of 83% of the patients. The most common presentation (83%) consisted of papules on the trunk; for 62% LyP resolved after a single episode. Twelve percent of the patients developed mycosis fungoides (mean follow-up, 7 years); no other associations were noted. Discussion: Although few series of patients with LyP have been published in recent years, the findings reported generally coincide with our observations. Conclusion: LyP is typically a CD30+ lymphoproliferative disorder that usually runs a benign course and responds well to treatment (AU)

Linfoma intestinal de células T asociado a enteropatía y sin relación con enfermedad celíaca / Enteropathy-associated intestinal t-cell lymphoma without celiac disease

La enteropatía asociada a linfoma de células T tipo II es un linfoma intestinal infrequente. Presentamos el caso un varón de 73 años con diarrea y pérdida de peso. La biopsia duodenal presentaba atrofia e infiltrado de linfocitos irregulares. La inmunohistoquímica detectó positividad para CD3, CD8, CD56 con reordenamiento monoclonal del TCR. El genotipifación de HLA-DQ era DQ5/DQ9. El test para EBVRNA fue negativo. Antes del tratamiento específico quimioterápico ingresó por infección respiratoria, y falleció por causa independiente del linfoma. El diagnóstico diferencial de los procesos linfoproliferativos CD56-positivo incluye EATL tipo II, linfoma intestinal primario de células T/NK y linfoma de células T hepatoesplénico.El paciente presentaba CD8 y CD56+ marcadores que permiten descartar EALT tipo I. la genotipificación HLA-DQ no corresponde a enfermedad celíaca, y la biopsia presentaba proliferación de linfocitos con atipias. El linfoma intestinal primario de células T/NK se caracteriza principalmente por ausencia de CD8 y del reordenamiento monoclonal del TCR presentes en este caso(AU)

Type II enteropathy-associated T-cell lymphoma (EATL) is an uncommon intestinal lymphoma. We report the case of a 73-year-old man with diarrhea and weight loss. Duodenal biopsy showed atrophy and infiltration of irregular lymphocytes. Immunohistochemistry was positive for CD3, CD8, and CD56 with monoclonal TCR rearrangement. The HLA-DQ genotype was DQ5/DQ9. The Epstein-Barr virus RNA test was negative. Before specific chemotherapy could be administered, the patient was admitted to hospital for a respiratory infection and died from a cause unrelated to his lymphoma. The differential diagnosis of CD56-positive lymphoproliferative processes include type II EATL, primary T-cell/natural killer-cell intestinal lymphoma and hepatosplenic T-cell lymphoma. The patient had CD8 y CD56+ markers that allowed type I EATL to be excluded. The HLA-DQ genotype did not correspond to celiac disease and the biopsy showed proliferation of lymphocytes with atypia. The primary intestinal T-cell/natural killer-cell lymphoma was characterized mainly by the absence of CD8 and monoclonal reassortment of the TCR present in this case (AU)

Linfoma pulmonar primario no Hodgkin con infiltración de miocardio / Primary pulmonary non-Hodgkin lymphoma with myocardial infiltration

Se presenta un caso de linfoma pulmonar primario no Hodgkin con invasión de miocardio, evento que no ha sido previamente descrito en la literatura. Estos tumores se extienden por proximidad, habiéndose descrito invasión de pericardio, de la pared torácica y del esófago. La paciente falleció de insuficiencia cardíaca y la infiltración tumoral miocárdica fue el factor determinante por un fallo de la contractilidad miocárdica. La infiltración miocárdica se ve facilitada por el mayor volumen del tumor que infiltra la pared pleural(AU)

A case of primary pulmonary non-Hodgkin's lymphoma is presented. On this occasion, the lymphoma invaded the myocardium, an event which has not previously been reported in the literature. These neoplasms spread by proximity, and invasion of the pericardium, thoracic wall and oesophagus have been described. Our patient died from heart failure. Tumour myocardial infiltration may well have been the determinant cause through various mechanisms, including a decrease in myocardial contractility. Spread into the myocardium may be facilitated by bulky tumour infiltrates in the pleural space(AU)

Germinoma intracraneal, 2 casos en varones adolescentes / Intracranial germinoma. Two cases in male adolescents

Los tumores de células germinales extragonadales conlocalización cerebral son de presentación rara y su mayorincidencia se documenta en las regiones pineales y selar. Elgerminoma representa el de mayor frecuencia; tiene pronósticofavorable con buena respuesta al tratamiento ymayor incidencia entre chinos y japoneses. En localizacióntípica, pineal y supraselar, expresa imagen característica a latomografía axial computarizada (TAC) y la resonancia magnética(RM). La confirmación diagnóstica requiere de estudiohistológico en el que expresa patrón difuso con celularidadtumoral de tipo epitelial, asociada a infiltrado linfoidebien diferenciado. Algunos tumores acompañan reaccióngranulomatosa que puede confundir con tuberculosis o sarcoidosisy otros celularidad pequeña que plantea diagnósticodiferencial con linfoma y tumor neuroectodérmico primitivo.Los estudios de inmunohistoquímica de los germinomasdemuestran reacción citoplasmática positiva parafosfatasa alcalina placentaria (PLAP) en las células epitelialesy para CD3 en células linfoides. El presente trabajoaporta 2 casos de germinoma intracraneal con localizacióntípica en varones adolescentes con sintomatología característicaante el compromiso de las regiones supraselar y pinealcon extensión a órganos vecinos y repercusión en la funciónvisual, auditiva y motora. Las imágenes de TAC y RMdemostraron lesiones bien definidas en localizaciones típicas.El estudio histológico demostró tumoraciones con componentecitológico bifásico: epitelial difuso poco cohesivode citoplasma eosinofilo amplio y núcleos hipercromáticoscon finos septos conectivos vascularizados infiltrados porcélulas linfoides maduras con organización perivascular. Lacoloración de PAS expresa fina positividad en citoplasma decélulas epiteliales, y la inmunohistoquímica es negativapara antígeno carcinoembrionario (CEA) y positiva paraPLAP en células epiteliales, y positiva para CD3 en lascélulas linfoides, con lo que se confirma el diagnóstico de germinoma cerebral

Extragonadal germinal cell tumors located in the brainare rare and are most commonly found in the pineal andsuprasellar region. Germinoma is the most frequent intracranialone. It has a good prognosis and response to treatmentand a high incidence among Chinese and Japanese.When in the typical location, pineal and sellar, they displaycharacteristic features on CT and MRI. Diagnosis confirmationrequires histologic study in which they show a diffusepattern with epithelial-type tumoral cellularity associatedto a well differentiated lymphoid infiltrate. Sometumours express granulomatous reaction mimicking TBCand sarcoidosis and other have small cells that have to bedifferentiated with lymphomas and primitive neuroectodermictumors. Immunohistochemical studies in germinomasshow positive cytoplasmic reaction to Placental AlkalinePhosphatase (PLAP) in epithelial cells and CD3 positive inlymphoid cells. This article reports two cases of typicallylocated intracranial germinoma in male adolescents withcharacteristic symptoms related to the compromise of thesuprasellar and pineal region, extension to neighbouringorgans and repercussion in visual, auditive and motor functions.The CT and MRI show the lesions with good definition,location, extension and the histological study revealsthe presence of a biphasic histologic component: Diffuseand poorly cohesive epithelial of eosinophilic abundantcytoplasm and hyperchromic nuclei, and fine vascularizedconnective septa infiltrated by mature lymphoid cells organizedaround the capillaries. The PAS dye shows fine positivityin the cytoplasm of the epithelial cells and the immunohistochemistryfor Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) isnegative; there is also cytoplasmic positivity for PLAP inepithelial cells an CD3 positivity for septal lymphoid cells,which confirms the diagnosis of cerebral germinoma

Placas hiperqueratósicas palmoplantares / Palmoplantar hyperkeratotic plaques

No disponible

No disponible

Mujer de 67 años con síndrome constitucional e infiltrados cavitados en lóbulos superiores / No disponible

No disponible

TGN1412: Superagonist Dr. Jekyll and Superantigen Mr. Hyde

Los anticuerpos anti-CD28 superagonistas inducen activación de los linfocitos T en ausencia de estimulación del TCR. Los ensayos clínicos de uno de tales anticuerpos, TGN1412, han resultado en severas complicaciones en los voluntarios que lo recibieron. El análisis de las características y modo de acción de los superagonistas de CD28 sugiere que dichos efectos son similares a los previamente observados con el uso terapeútico de anticuerpos anti-CD3 y al síndrome tóxico inducido por superantígenos bacterianos

Superagonistic anti-CD28 antibodies induce T cell activation in the absence of TCR triggering. Clinical trials of one of such antibodies, TGN1412, resulted in severe adverse effects in the volunteers receiving the drug. Analysis of characteristics and mechanism of action suggests that those effects are similar to those previously reported for the therapeutic use of anti-CD3 antibodies and the toxic shock syndrome triggered by bacterial superantigens

Different lymphocyte markers and cytokine expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells in children with acute atopic dermatitis

Background: The pathogenesis of atopic dermatitis (AD) is still not completely understood. AD is characterized by the presence of clinical symptoms of both IgE antibody-mediated immediate hypersensitivity and specific T lymphocyte-mediated delayed hypersensitivity. Objective: To evaluate the immunological mechanisms involved in children with acute AD lesions. Material and methods: Ten children with acute AD lesions and 10 non-atopic controls were studied. Total IgE was measured by immunoassay. T cell marker expression (CD3, CD4, CD8, cutaneous lymphocyte-associated antigen [CLA]) and cytokine production (interferon [IFN]-γ, interleukin [IL]-13) were analyzed in peripheral blood mononuclear cells by flow cytometry. Results: In children with AD the percentage of CD3+ cells (p = 0.015) increased while that of CD8+ cells (p = 0.023) decreased, with no differences in CLA expression. We found increased IL-13 production in CD3+ cells (p = 0.01) and CD3+CD4+ (p = 0.001) cells with no difference in IFN-γ. Total IgE was significantly higher in patients with AD (p = 0.01). Comparison of IL-13 production in CD4+ cells categorized by total IgE level showed that IL-13 production was significantly increased in subjects with a higher IgE level. Conclusion: Peripheral blood from children with AD showed an increase in IgE levels and a Th2 pattern. There was a correlation between IL-13 production and total IgE levels (AU)

Introducción: La patogenia de la dermatitis atópica (DA) es compleja y en algunos aspectos difícil de entender. Se caracteriza por la presencia de síntomas relacionados tanto con mecanismos de hipersensibilidad inmediata, mediada por anticuerpos IgE, como de hipersensibilidad tardía mediada por linfocitos T. Objetivo: Evaluar los mecanismos inmunológicos implicados en las lesiones agudas de la DA en población infantil. Material y métodos: Se estudian diez niños con lesiones agudas de DA y otros 10 niños, controles no atópicos. Valoración de IgE total por inmunoensayo, los marcadores de expresión de células T (CD3, CD4, CD8 y CLA) y la producción de citocinas (IFN-gamma , IL-13) en células mononucleares de sangre periférica por citometría de flujo. Resultados: En los niños con DA existe un aumento en el porcentaje de células CD3+ (p = 0,015) y disminución en las células CD8+ (p = 0,023), sin encontrar diferencias en la expresión de CLA. Además, aumento en la producción de IL-13 en las células CD3+ (p = 0,01) y en las CD3+ CD4+ (p = 0,001), sin encontrar diferencias en la producción de IFN-gamma . Niveles de IgE total significativamente mas elevados en los niños con DA (p = 0,01). La comparación de la producción de IL-13 en las células CD4+ en relación con los niveles de IgE total mostró que estaba significativamente aumentada en aquellos pacientes con niveles mas elevados de IgE total. Conclusión: existe incremento de los niveles de IgE total así como un patrón de citocinas Th2 en sangre periférica de niños con DA, con una correlación entre la producción de IgE total y los niveles de IL-13 (AU)