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4.
Rev. esp. salud pública ; 97: e202311093, Nov. 2023. graf
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-228338

RESUMO

Fundamentos: La pandemia de la COVID-19 afectó de forma indirecta a otras enfermedades transmisibles, como la infección por el virus de la inmunodeficiencia humana (VIH). El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar el impacto de la pandemia de la COVID-19 en la vigilancia epidemiológica del VIH a través de indicadores epidemiológicos. Métodos: Se analizaron los datos recogidos en el Sistema de Información de Nuevos Diagnósticos de VIH (SINIVIH) en el periodo 2013-2021. Los indicadores epidemiológicos analizados fueron: 1) Retraso en la notificación de nuevos diagnósticos; 2) Infradiagnóstico de caso, calculado por mes y por cada año de diagnóstico; 3) Diagnóstico tardío, casos diagnosticados con menos de 350 células CD4/mm3.Resultados: Respecto al retraso en la notificación de nuevos diagnósticos, en 2022 se notificaron 2.770 casos diagnosticados en 2020, un 43,8% más respecto a los notificados en 2021 para ese año. Los casos diagnosticados por mes entre 2016 y 2019 seguían una tendencia constante. En 2020 se observó un descenso importante de diagnósticos entre marzo y mayo que no se recuperó al corregir por retraso en la notificación. Al comparar las tasas de casos diagnosticados en 2013 con los años sucesivos, se observó un descenso continuo que se interrumpía en el último año del periodo de estudio. El porcentaje de casos con diagnóstico tardío se mantuvo estable en el periodo de estudio (entre el 46% y el 50%), observándose un descenso al corregir por retraso en la notificación. Conclusiones: La vigilancia epidemiológica del VIH sufrió un importante retraso en la notificación. Se constata un descenso en los casos diagnosticados, en parte debido al confinamiento y la falta de acceso a pruebas diagnósticas. No se observan cambios en el diagnóstico tardío.(AU)


Background: The COVID-19 pandemic indirectly affected other communicable diseases, such as human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. The aim of this paper was to evaluate the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the epidemiological surveillance of HIV through epidemiological indicators. Methods: Data collected in the New HIV Diagnosis Information System (SINIVIH, acronym in Spanish) in the period 2013-2021 was analyzed. The epidemiological indicators analyzed were: 1) Reporting delay of new diagnoses; 2) Under diagnosis of cases, calculated per month of diagnosis and for each year of diagnosis; 3) Late diagnosis, cases diagnosed with less than 350 CD4 cell/mm3. Results: Regarding the reporting delay of new diagnoses, in 2022 2,770 diagnoses were reported in 2020, 43.8% more than those reported in 2021 for that year. The cases diagnosed per month between 2016 and 2019 followed a constant trend. In 2020, a significant decrease in diagnoses was observed between March and May that was not recovered after correcting for reporting delay. When comparing the rates of cases diagnosed in 2013 with the successive years, a continuous decrease was interrupted in the last year of the study period. The percentage of cases with late diagnosis had remained stable in the study period (between 46% and 50%), and a decrease in this percentage was observed after correcting for reporting delay.Conclusions: The epidemiological surveillance of HIV suffered a significant reporting delay. A decrease in cases diagnosed is confirmed, partly due to lockdown and lack of access to the health system. Changes on late diagnosis is not observed.(AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Vigilância Sanitária , Sistema de Vigilância em Saúde , /epidemiologia , Infecções por HIV/diagnóstico , Diagnóstico Tardio , Saúde Pública , Espanha , Infecções por HIV/complicações
6.
Rev. neurol. (Ed. impr.) ; 77(8)16 - 31 de Octubre, 2023. tab
Artigo em Espanhol, Inglês | IBECS | ID: ibc-226543

RESUMO

Objetivo: Este estudio evaluó los factores asociados con el tiempo, en meses, entre el inicio de los síntomas y el diagnóstico (tiempo necesario para el diagnóstico) de esclerosis lateral amiotrófica (ELA) de los pacientes en Brasil en 2014.Pacientes y métodosSe elaboró un cuestionario electrónico compuesto por 38 preguntas y se aplicó a través de redes sociales de pacientes basadas en Internet. De las 210 respuestas, se consideraron 194 (86 de mujeres y 108 de hombres). La mayoría de los encuestados tenía entre 51 y 60 años. Se utilizó la prueba de Mann-Whitney para comparar el tiempo transcurrido hasta el diagnóstico entre los estratos de la muestra.ResultadosEl tiempo medio transcurrido hasta el diagnóstico fue de 14,21 (±16,87) meses. Hubo una diferencia estadísticamente significativa sólo para las condiciones de educación superior (p = 0,009) y bajo nivel educativo (p = 0,042). No hubo diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre sexos, inicio bulbar, grupos de edad y presencia de cónyuge, o colaboración con asociaciones de pacientes con ELA o intercambio de experiencias.ConclusiónEstos datos sugieren que el tiempo que se tarda en diagnosticar la ELA está influido por las condiciones socioeconómicas que favorecen el acceso a la información y/o a los servicios sanitarios. (AU)


OBJECTIVE. This study evaluated factors associated with the time, in months, between the onset of symptoms and the diagnosis (time taken for diagnosis) of ALS for patients in Brazil, in the year 2014.PATIENTS AND METHODSAn electronic questionnaire composed of 38 questions was developed and applied through internet-based social networks of patients. From the 210 replies, 194 were considered (86 from women, 108 from men). Most respondents were 51 to 60 years old. The Mann-Whitney test was used to compare the time taken for diagnosis between the strata of the sample.RESULTSThe mean time taken for diagnosis was 14.21 (±16.87) months. There was a statistically significant difference only for higher education conditions (p = 0.009) and low education status (p = 0.042). There was no statistically significant difference between sexes, bulbar onset, age groups, and the presence of spouse, or ‘partnership with ALS patients associations or exchange of experiences’. CONCLUSION. These data suggest that the time taken for diagnosis of ALS is influenced by socioeconomic conditions that promote access to information and/or health services. (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Esclerose Amiotrófica Lateral/diagnóstico , Diagnóstico Tardio , Diagnóstico , Epidemiologia , Autoavaliação (Psicologia) , Inquéritos e Questionários , Brasil
8.
Enferm. infecc. microbiol. clín. (Ed. impr.) ; 41(7): 407-413, Agos-Sept- 2023. ilus, tab
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-223714

RESUMO

Objetivo: Existe una elevada tasa de infección oculta y diagnóstico tardío en el VIH. Los servicios de urgencias hospitalarios (SUH) son un punto importante de atención sanitaria. El presente trabajo tiene el objetivo conocer el número de oportunidades perdidas para el diagnóstico de VIH que ocurren en los SUH. Método: Estudio multicéntrico de cohortes retrospectivo que incluyó a todos los pacientes diagnosticados de infección por el VIH en el año 2019 en 27 hospitales españoles de 7 comunidades autónomas diferentes. Se revisaron todos los episodios de consulta en los SUH en los 5años previos al diagnóstico para conocer el motivo de consulta y si este representaba una oportunidad perdida para el diagnóstico de VIH. Resultado: Se incluyeron 723 pacientes, y 352 de ellos (48,7%; IC95%: 45,1-52,3%) presentaron al menos una visita a un SUH durante los 5años anteriores al diagnóstico (mediana2; p25-p75: 1-4). Ciento dieciocho pacientes (16,3%; IC95%: 13,8-19,2%) presentaron oportunidad perdida de diagnóstico. Las principales consultas fueron consumo de drogas (145 [15%]), infecciones de transmisión sexual (91 [9,4%]) y solicitud de profilaxis de VIH postexposición (39 [4%]). Ciento cincuenta y cinco (42,9%) de los 352 tenían menos de 350CD4/mm3 cuando se estableció el diagnóstico de VIH. En los pacientes con visitas previas a urgencias, el tiempo medio hasta el diagnóstico desde esta visita fue de 580 (DE647) días. Conclusiones: El 16% de los pacientes diagnosticados de VIH perdieron la oportunidad de ser diagnosticados en los 5años previos al diagnóstico, lo que pone de manifiesto la necesidad de implementar medidas de cribado en los SUH diferentes a las actuales para mejorar estos resultados.(AU)


Objective: There is a high rate of occult infection and late diagnosis in HIV. Hospital emergency departments (ED) are an important point of health care. The present work aims to know the number of missed opportunities for HIV diagnosis occurring in the ED. Method: Retrospective multicenter cohort study that included all patients diagnosed with HIV infection in 2019 in 27 Spanish hospitals in 7 different autonomous communities. All ED consultation episodes in the 5years prior to diagnosis were reviewed to find out the reason for consultation and whether this represented a missed opportunity for HIV diagnosis. Result: Seven hundred twenty-three patients were included, and 352 (48.7%; 95%CI: 45.1%-52.3%) had at least one ED visit during the 5years prior to diagnosis (median2; p25-p75: 1-4). One hundred and eighteen patients (16.3%; 95%CI: 13.8%-19.2%) had a missed diagnostic opportunity. The main consultations were drug use (145 [15%]), sexually transmitted infections (91 [9.4%]) and request for post-exposure HIV prophylaxis (39 [4%]). One hundred and fifty-five (42.9%) of the 352 had less than 350CD4/mm3 when the HIV diagnosis was established. In patients with previous ED visits, the mean time to diagnosis from this visit was 580 (SD647) days. Conclusions: Sixteen percent of patients diagnosed with HIV missed the opportunity to be diagnosed in the 5years prior to diagnosis, highlighting the need to implement ED screening measures different from current ones to improve these outcomes.(AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Visita a Consultório Médico/estatística & dados numéricos , Infecções por HIV/microbiologia , HIV , Diagnóstico Tardio , Serviços Médicos de Emergência/estatística & dados numéricos , HIV , Espanha , Estudos de Coortes , Estudos Retrospectivos , Microbiologia , Doenças Transmissíveis
9.
Gac. sanit. (Barc., Ed. impr.) ; 37: 102272, 2023. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-217767

RESUMO

Objetivo: Describir el impacto de la demora diagnóstica de enfermedades raras y analizar las necesidades psicosociales de las personas afectadas en relación con dicha demora. Método: Se ha empleado el enfoque cualitativo mediante la realización de entrevistas grupales online a pacientes y familiares en la Comunitat Valenciana (España) y se ha efectuado un análisis de contenido. Se diferenciaron dos categorías: con demora diagnóstica de 1 año o más y sin demora diagnóstica. Se realizaron cinco entrevistas en las que participaron un total de 25 personas. Resultados: El análisis mostró aspectos desiguales frente a aspectos comunes, en personas con o sin demora diagnóstica. Las personas con demora manifestaron la necesidad de sentirse «sostenidas» para convivir con una incertidumbre continua. Las personas sin demora verbalizaron la importancia de una adecuada comunicación entre pacientes y profesionales. Los problemas surgidos por la COVID-19 fueron comunes en ambos grupos, y las personas participantes expresaron no sentirse desatendidas en su enfermedad por los servicios sanitarios durante la pandemia. Conclusiones: Se ha observado una gran capacidad de resiliencia y afrontamiento en las personas con enfermedades raras, independientemente de si han sufrido demora diagnóstica o no. El apoyo psicosocial profesionalizado durante el proceso de diagnóstico de estas enfermedades minoritarias es esencial. (AU)


Objective: To describe the impact of diagnosis delay in rare diseases and analyze psychosocial needs related to this delay in patients. Method: The qualitative approach has been used by conducting online group interviews with patients and family members in the Valencian Region (Spain) and a content analysis has been carried out. Two categories were differentiated: with diagnostic delay of 1 year or more and without diagnostic delay. Five interviews were conducted with a total of 25 participants. Results: The content analysis showed unequal aspects vs. common aspects, in persons with or without diagnostic delay. People with delay expressed the need to feel supported in order to live with continuous uncertainty. People without delay verbalized the importance of adequate communication between patients and professionals. The problems by the COVID-19 were common in both groups; the participants expressed that they did not feel unattended in their disease by the health services. Conclusions: High resilience and coping capacity has been identified in people with rare disease, regardless of whether they have suffered diagnostic delay or not. The professional psychosocial support during the diagnostic process of these rare diseases is essential. (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Pandemias , Infecções por Coronavirus/epidemiologia , Infecções por Coronavirus/diagnóstico , Diagnóstico Tardio , Espanha , Doenças Raras/diagnóstico , Pesquisa Qualitativa , Adaptação Psicológica , Medo
10.
Pediatr. aten. prim ; 24(96)oct.- dic. 2022. ilus
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-214391

RESUMO

La hernia diafragmática congénita es un defecto del desarrollo diafragmático que suele diagnosticarse prenatalmente o en el periodo neonatal. Aunque su presentación tardía se asocia a mejor pronóstico, el diagnóstico supone en ocasiones un reto debido a su curso inespecífico. Resulta interesante conocer su existencia ante cuadros clínicos de difícil diagnóstico (AU)


Congenital diaphragmatic hernia is a diaphragmatic developmental defect that usually presents prenatally or in the neonatal period. Although its late presentation is associated with a better prognosis, the diagnosis is sometimes a challenge due to its non-specific course. It is interesting to know its existence in clinical presentations that are difficult to diagnose. (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Feminino , Lactente , Hérnia Diafragmática/diagnóstico por imagem , Diagnóstico Tardio , Hérnia Diafragmática/cirurgia
12.
Emergencias (Sant Vicenç dels Horts) ; 34(3): 204-212, Jun. 2022. ilus, tab, graf
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-203724

RESUMO

Objetivo. Existe una elevada tasa de infección oculta y diagnóstico tardío en el virus de la inmunodeficiencia humana (VIH). La realización de pruebas diagnósticas de infección por VIH en los servicios de urgencias hospitalarios (SUH) puede representar una oportunidad para aumentar el número de diagnósticos. El objetivo de este trabajo es analizar si el cribado universal para el VIH realizado en los SUH es eficiente. Método. Se realiza una revisión sistemática y metanálisis siguiendo la normativa PRISMA en la base de datos de Pubmed, Cochrane, LILACS, Scopus, EMBASE y WOS utilizando una combinación de términos MESH: “HIV Infections/ epidemiology”, “AIDS Serodiagnosis”, “Emergency Service, Hospital”, “Prevalence”, “Mass screening/methods”. Los criterios de la búsqueda se centraron en los últimos 5 años (2016-2020) y en los artículos publicados en inglés y en español. Se incluyeron los estudios de pruebas de cribado universal mediante test de cribado de VIH realizadas en los SUH. Para evaluar la calidad de los artículos se utilizó el cuestionario “Quality assessment tool for quantitative studies”. Resultado. Se identificaron un total de 273 artículos de los cuales se analizaron finalmente 12 que cumplían los criterios de inclusión. Los estudios incluidos representan un total de 103.731 muestras analizadas obteniéndose un total de 652 nuevos diagnósticos de VIH. La prevalencia conjunta obtenida a través del modelo de efectos aleatorios fue de 0,60% (IC 95%: 0,39-0,84) y el valor del I2 revela una presencia elevada de heterogeneidad (I2 90,02%; p < 0,001). La prevalencia conjunta en los estudios incluidos realizados en Europa, América y África fue de 0,48% (IC 95%: 0,13- 1,03), 0,54% (IC 95%: 0,33-0,40) y 5,6% (IC 95%: 3,37-9,2), respectivamente. La evaluación de la calidad de los estudios fue de moderada a fuerte. [...]


Background and objective. The rates of undiagnosed and late-diagnosed human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection are high. Screening for HIV infection in hospital emergency departments (EDs) could offer a way to increase the number of diagnoses. Our aim was to analyze whether universal hospital ED screening for HIV is efficient. Methods. We followed the guidelines for Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA). PubMed, the Cochrane Library, LILACS, Scopus, EMBASE, and the Web of Science were searched using the following terms: “HIV infections/epidemiology,” “AIDS serodiagnosis,” “emergency service, hospital,” “prevalence,” and “mass screening/methods.” The searches were limited to a 5-year time frame (2016–2020); only publications in English or Spanish were collected. We included studies of universal HIV screening among hospital ED patients and evaluated them using the Quality Assessment Tool for Quantitative Studies. Results. A total of 273 articles were identified. Twelve met the inclusion criteria. The studies analyzed 103731 patient samples and yielded 652 new HIV diagnoses. A random effects model estimated an overall new-diagnosis prevalence of 0.60% (95% CI, 0.39%–0.84%). The heterogeneity statistic I2 was high, at 90.02% (P < .001). Estimates of prevalence based on studies carried out in Europe, the United States, and Africa were, respectively, 0.48% (95% CI, 0.13%–1.03%), 0.54% (95% CI, 0.33%–0.40%), and 5.6% (95% CI, 3.37%–9.2%). The studies received quality ratings of moderate or strong. Conclusion. Although the reviewed studies applied various screening strategies to identify new HIV diagnoses, our findings support the conclusion that universal screening is efficient.


Assuntos
Humanos , Programas de Rastreamento , HIV , Serviços Médicos de Emergência , Infecções por HIV , Diagnóstico Tardio
13.
Arch. Soc. Esp. Oftalmol ; 97(3): 168-171, mar. 2022. ilus
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-208835

RESUMO

El linfoma primario del sistema nervioso central (LPSNC) es una de las neoplasias cerebrales más infrecuentes, representando el 3% de los tumores primarios en dicha localización. Sumado a su baja prevalencia, las manifestaciones clínicas de esta patología son poco específicas, por lo que es común el retraso diagnóstico de esta entidad. El compromiso intraocular relacionado al LPSNC ocurre sólo en un 15% de los casos, siendo aún más inusual que dicha topografía se presente como debut en esta enfermedad. Presentamos el caso clínico de una paciente con uveítis intermedia como primera manifestación clínica de esta neoplasia (AU)


Primary central nervous system lymphoma is one of the most infrequent brain tumours, accounting for 3% of primary central nervous system neoplasms. In addition to its low prevalence, clinical presentation is usually nonspecific, leading to diagnostic delay. Intraocular involvement occurs in 15% of cases, and disease onset in this location is even rarer. We present a case of a patient with intermediate uveitis as the first clinical manifestation of this neoplasm (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Feminino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Neoplasias do Sistema Nervoso Central/complicações , Neoplasias do Sistema Nervoso Central/diagnóstico por imagem , Uveíte Intermediária/diagnóstico por imagem , Uveíte Intermediária/etiologia , Linfoma/diagnóstico por imagem , Linfoma/complicações , Tomografia de Coerência Óptica , Diagnóstico Tardio
15.
Med. oral patol. oral cir. bucal (Internet) ; 26(6): e795-e801, Nov. 2021. ilus, tab
Artigo em Inglês | IBECS | ID: ibc-224684

RESUMO

Background: Lack of knowledge and awareness of oral cancer seem to be the main causes of diagnostic delay.Online resources are often used by patients to obtain health/medical information. However, there are no reports onthe quality and usefulness of oral cancer audio-visual resources in Spanish. The aims of this investigation were todisclose the type of information about oral cancer available, and whether it may be useful to shorten the patients’oral cancer appraisal time-interval.Material and Methods: Cross-sectional study undertaken at three video-sharing sites on October, 13th 2019. Key-words: “Cáncer oral”; “cáncer de boca”. The first 100 results in each viewing list were retrieved by three review -ers. Demographical data was recorded, and interaction indexes, viewing rates, comprehensiveness, and usefulnesswere calculated for each video. The presence of non-scientifically supported information was also assessed. Adescriptive analysis was undertaken, and relationships between variables were explored using the Spearman cor-relation test.Results: A total of 127 videos were selected. They were produced mainly by mass-media (46.5%; n=59) andtheir length ranged from 0.28 to 105.38 minutes (median 4.15 minutes; IQR: 2.34-9.67). The most viewed video(10,599,765 views; visualization rate 726,508.9) scored 0 both in usefulness and comprehensiveness. The mostuseful video gathered 44,119 views (visualization rate 2.033.13). A highly significant positive correlation (0.643;p<0.001) could be observed between usefulness and comprehensiveness of the videos, together with negative cor-relations between the visualization rate and usefulness (-0.186; p<0.05), and visualization rate and comprehensive-ness (-0.183; p<0.05). Conclusions: Online audio-visual material about oral cancer in Spanish is incomplete, of limited usefulness, andoften includes non-scientifically supported information. Most of these resources are produced by mass media and...(AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Neoplasias Bucais , Diagnóstico Tardio , Recursos Audiovisuais , Educação de Pacientes como Assunto , Internet , Estudos Transversais , Epidemiologia Descritiva
16.
Med. oral patol. oral cir. bucal (Internet) ; 26(6): e815-e824, Nov. 2021. tab, ilus
Artigo em Inglês | IBECS | ID: ibc-224687

RESUMO

Background: Oral cancer represents a worldwide public health problem, being among the most prevalent, associ-ated with high morbidity and mortality rates. This systematic review aimed to review the causes of the delayeddiagnosis of oral cancer mainly in the elderly, in developed and developing countries.Material and Methods: Search strategy was developed for MEDLINE databases (via PubMed), EMBASE, Webof Science, SCOPUS, and LILACS and for grey literature (Google Scholar, ProQuest and OpenGrey), withoutlanguage or period restrictions. The risk of bias was assessed using instruments from the Joanna Briggs Instituteand the quality of evidence according to the GRADE system.Results: The search resulted in 14,473 records, of which only 13 met the eligibility criteria. The total sample was1,705 participants, with a predominance of males. All studies included reported causes of delayed diagnosis of oralcancer related to the patient and five also reported causes related to health professionals. The scarce knowledge ofthe population was pointed out as the main cause of delayed diagnosis of this cancer. Regarding the risk of bias,ten studies were classified as low risk and three, as moderate risk. The quality of the evidence was very low forthe outcome related to delayed diagnosis of oral cancer.Conclusions: Wide dissemination of information on oral cancer is needed, especially for the elderly, such as itsinitial signs and symptoms, in developed and developing countries. Further studies should be conducted to bet-ter understand the causes of delayed diagnosis of oral cancer in countries with different socioeconomic statuses.(AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Idoso , Neoplasias Bucais/diagnóstico , Diagnóstico Tardio , Saúde Bucal
17.
Reumatol. clín. (Barc.) ; 17(9): 525-529, Nov. 2021. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-213358

RESUMO

Introducción y objetivos: El retraso diagnóstico condiciona un peor pronóstico en pacientes con artritis psoriásica. Nuestro objetivo es determinar el tiempo de retraso diagnóstico, las especialidades consultadas y los puntos de derivación de pacientes con artritis psoriásica en nuestro medio. Pacientes y métodos: Distribuimos una encuesta entre los miembros de la asociación española Acción Psoriasis indagando sobre los objetivos del estudio. Resultados: Se analizaron 503 encuestas. El tiempo de retraso diagnóstico fue de 4,01±1,42 años. La proporción de pacientes que habían consultado, antes del diagnóstico, con atención primaria fue del 79,9%, con traumatología, del 33,8% y por urgencias, del 30,2%. La proporción de derivaciones que finalmente condujeron al diagnóstico provinieron de atención primaria en el 29,3% de los casos, de traumatología en el 15,8% y de urgencias en el 3,5%. Discusión y conclusiones: El retraso diagnóstico detectado supera extensamente otros resultados europeos. Los servicios de urgencias ocupan un lugar importante de tránsito de estos pacientes, sin embargo, la proporción de derivaciones es muy bajo. Entendemos que incidir en este gremio médico en particular sobre la importancia del diagnóstico precoz podría resolver gran parte del retraso diagnóstico.(AU)


Introduction and objectives: Delayed diagnosis results in a worse prognosis in patients with psoriatic arthritis. Our objective is to determine the diagnostic delay, the specialties consulted and the referral points of patients with psoriatic arthritis in our environment. Patients and methods: We distributed a survey to members of the Spanish association Acción Psoriasis inquiring about the objectives of the study. Results: A total of 503 surveys were analysed. The diagnostic delay was 4.01±1.42 years. The proportion of patients who had consulted, before diagnosis, primary care was 79.9%, traumatology 33.8% and the emergency department was 30.2%. The proportion of referrals that eventually led to diagnosis came from primary care in 29.3% of cases, traumatology 15.8% and the emergency department 3.5%. Discussion and conclusions: The delay in diagnosis far outweighs other European results. Emergency departments are an important transit point for these patients, but the proportion of referrals is very low. We believe that focusing on the importance of early diagnosis in this particular medical sector could resolve a large part of diagnostic delay.(AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Diagnóstico , Diagnóstico Tardio , Artrite Psoriásica , Artrite Psoriásica/diagnóstico , Artrite Psoriásica/prevenção & controle , Diagnóstico Precoce , Reumatologia , Doenças Reumáticas , Espanha , Inquéritos e Questionários
18.
Neurología (Barc., Ed. impr.) ; 36(7): 504-513, septiembre 2021. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-220086

RESUMO

Introducción: La esclerosis lateral amiotrófica (ELA) es una enfermedad insidiosa y clínicamente heterogénea, lo que resulta en un retraso diagnóstico de unos 12 meses. En España el trayecto diagnóstico no ha sido analizado.MétodosSe recogieron variables relativas al trayecto y retraso diagnóstico de pacientes diagnosticados de ELA entre octubre del 2013 y julio del 2017.ResultadosSe incluyó a 143 pacientes con ELA (57% varones, 68% de inicio espinal). El 86% de ellos fueron estudiados en centros públicos y un 14% en privados. El retraso diagnóstico medio fue de 13,1 meses (mediana 11.7). El paciente tardó de media 7,9 meses en llegar al neurólogo y este, 5,2 meses más en diagnosticarlo. En la mitad de los pacientes se realizaron pruebas innecesarias y más de un estudio electrofisiológico para llegar al diagnóstico. El retraso diagnóstico fue mayor en los casos espinales (p = 0,008), atribuible a los pacientes cuyos síntomas se iniciaron en miembros inferiores, pero sin diferencias entre el sistema público y privado (p = 0,897).ConclusionesEl retraso diagnóstico de la ELA en nuestro medio es similar al de países de nuestro entorno y parece determinado por factores propios de la enfermedad e independiente del sistema sanitario. Las formas de inicio en miembros inferiores constituyen el mayor reto. Los errores diagnósticos del neurólogo son frecuentes y en parte atribuibles a una mala orientación o interpretación del estudio electrofisiológico. La formación específica del neurólogo y neurofisiólogo general y la derivación precoz a centros de referencia podrían ayudar a reducir la demora. (AU)


Introduction: Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is an insidious, clinically heterogeneous neurodegenerative disease associated with a diagnostic delay of approximately 12 months. No study conducted to date has analysed the diagnostic pathway in Spain.MethodsWe gathered data on variables related to the diagnostic pathway and delay for patients diagnosed with ALS between October 2013 and July 2017.ResultsThe study included 143 patients with ALS (57% men; 68% spinal onset). Patients were diagnosed in public centres in 86% of cases and in private centres in 14%.The mean diagnostic delay was 13.1 months (median 11.7). Patients were examined by neurologists a mean time of 7.9 months after symptom onset, with diagnosis being made 5.2 months later. Half of all patients underwent unnecessary diagnostic tests and multiple electrophysiological studies before diagnosis was established. Diagnostic delay was longer in cases of spinal onset (P = .008) due to onset of the disease in the lower limbs. No differences were found between the public and private healthcare systems (P = .897).ConclusionsThe diagnostic delay in ALS in Spain is similar to that of neighboring countries and seems to depend on disease-related factors, not on the healthcare system. Patients with lower-limb onset ALS constitute the greatest diagnostic challenge. Misdiagnosis is frequent, and partly attributable to an incorrect approach or erroneous interpretation of electrophysiological studies. Specific training programmes for neurologists and general neurophysiologists and early referral to reference centers may help to reduce diagnostic delay. (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Esclerose Amiotrófica Lateral/diagnóstico , Diagnóstico Tardio , Doenças Neurodegenerativas , Neurologistas , Encaminhamento e Consulta
20.
Allergol. immunopatol ; 49(4): 180-186, jul. 2021. tab, graf
Artigo em Inglês | IBECS | ID: ibc-214299

RESUMO

Background: Asthma diagnosis in children is occasionally challenging, and the issue of undiagnosed asthma before adolescence has been poorly studied in Japan. The present study was conducted to investigate the possible presence of undiagnosed asthma in the general population of children living in a rural area of Japan. Methods: The participants comprised 120 fourth graders aged 9–10 years (boys/girls: 63/57) attending five elementary schools in Yawatahama, Ehime, Japan. All the children underwent respiratory function tests and fraction of exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) measurements. Based on the results of a questionnaire, the children were also categorized into groups depending on their allergic diseases. The authors assessed the results of both the respiratory function tests and the FeNO measurements for children who were classified into the nonallergic group. Results: A total of 76 (63%) children, who completed the tests appropriately, were included in the analysis. According to the report, among the 24 children in the nonallergic group, six (25%) showed abnormalities in respiratory tests. One had an abnormal % forced vital capacity (%FVC; <80%), three had abnormalities in both forced expiratory volume in 1 sec (FEV1)/FVC (<80%) and % maximal mid-expiratory flow (<65%), three had concave flow–volume curves, and one had a high FeNO measurement (41 ppb). Conclusion: A certain proportion of Japanese elementary school children, categorized as having no allergy, showed respiratory function test abnormalities. A follow-up study is needed to determine the prognosis and outcomes of the children with these abnormalities (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Criança , Asma/diagnóstico , Asma/epidemiologia , Óxido Nítrico/análise , Diagnóstico Tardio , Japão/epidemiologia , Testes Respiratórios , Fluxo Expiratório Forçado
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