Sarcopenia and treatment failure in inflammatory bowel disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Background: The association between sarcopenia and treatment outcomes in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is currently a subject of controversy. Methods: A systematic search was performed of PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library for studies published until April 2023. The quality assessment of each included study was performed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. Results: Seventeen studies were included with 2,895 IBD patients. Sarcopenia exhibited an increased risk of treatment failure (OR=2.00, 95% CI: 1.43-2.79) and notably increased the need for surgery (OR=1.54,95%CI:1.06-2.23) as opposed to a pharmacologic treatment plan change (OR=1.19, 95% CI:0.71-2.01) among IBD patients. However, no significant association was found between sarcopenia and treatment failure in corticosteroid (OR=1.21, 95% CI: 0.55-2.64) or biologic agent (OR=1.65, 95% CI: 0.93-2.92) cohorts. Sarcopenia was also linked to elevated treatment failure risks in patients with Crohn's disease (OR=1.82, 95% CI: 1.15-2.90) and those diagnosed with ulcerative colitis (OR=2.55, 95% CI: 1.05-6.21), spanning both Asian (OR=1.88, 95% CI: 1.29-2.74) and non-Asian regions (OR=2.17, 95% CI: 1.48-3.18). Conclusions: Sarcopenia was considered a novel marker for use in clinical practice to predict treatment failure, specifically, the need for surgery in IBD patients. This distinct cohort necessitates clinical attention and tailored care strategies (AU)

Colocación de prótesis esofágica para el fracaso del tratamiento endoscópico / Esophageal stent placement for endoscopic treatment failure

Up until approximately 10 years ago, the treatment for acute refractory esophageal variceal bleeding was balloon tamponading. Esophageal fully covered self-expanding stents are considered as effective as balloons and also much safer. They are kept in situ for longer periods, what eases the access to more definitive treatments with a low complication rate. We present 6 cases of patients with cirrhosis and massive bleeding due to esophageal varices refractory to conventional treatment, successfully treated with an esophageal fully covered self-expanding stent. There were no major complications, achieving an effective bleeding control in all cases.(AU)

Effect of hip osteoarthritis on total hip replacement failure and revision: a focused study on athletic populations

Objective:This study aims to analyze the specific impact of hip osteoarthritis on the failure and subsequent revision of total hip replacements, with a particular focus on athletic populations. Considering the unique biomechanical demands and higher physical activity levels of athletes, the study seeks to understand how these factors influence post-surgical outcomes in cases of hip osteoarthritis.Methods:The research involved collecting and analyzing data from athletes who had undergone total hip replacement surgeries due to hip osteoarthritis. Patient demographics such as age, gender, and the severity of the disease were recorded. The study performed a detailed correlation analysis to evaluate the influence of hip osteoarthritis on the failure rates of total hip replacements in this specific group. It particularly focused on hip failure caused by arthritis, cement fixation failure in aseptic arthritis cases, and cemented hip failure due to primary inflammation.Results:The findings indicate that in athletic populations, hip osteoarthritis is significantly correlated with higher failure rates after total hip replacement, with an influence rate of 30.64%. This rate is notably higher compared to general population statistics, underscoring the unique challenges faced in treating athletes. The study also found a notable correlation between the type and severity of arthritis and the failure modes of hip replacements, including issues related to cement fixation.Conclusion:This study highlights the significant impact of hip osteoarthritis on the failure of total hip replacements in athletes, a group that typically places higher physical demands on hip joints post-surgery (AU)

Risk factors associated to argon plasma coagulation treatment failure in patients with chronic radiation proctopathy

Background: argon plasma coagulation (APC) is the current endoscopic treatment of choice for patients who develop chronic radiation proctopathy. The aim of this study was to identify risk factors associated with treatment failure. Methods: one hundred and ninety-nine patients treated with argon plasma coagulation in a single center were retrospectively analyzed. Results: twenty-four (12.06 %) patients were classified as APC treatment failures. Requirement of red blood cells transfusion and/or hemoglobin < 7 g/dl (OR 12.19, 95 % CI: 2.78-53.45, p < 0.001) and severe bleeding frequency (OR 2.76, 95 % CI: 1.13-6.72, p = 0.03) at diagnosis and prior to endoscopic therapy were associated with argon plasma coagulation treatment failure. Nineteen patients of the successful therapy group developed bleeding recurrence; no risk factors were associated with a shorter recurrence-free time. More than four APC sessions were associated to a higher risk of surgical intervention for bleeding control (OR 87.00, 95 % CI: 10.23-740.18, p < 0.001). Conclusion: requirement of red blood cells transfusion and/or hemoglobin < 7 g/dl and a severe bleeding frequency (more than five days per week) were identified as the most important risk factors for treatment failure in patients with chronic radiation proctopathy. (AU)

Doble derivación ventrículo y cisto biliar en el tratamiento de quiste aracnoideo gigante supraselar con hidrocefalia secundaria / Double ventriculo-gallbladder shunt in the treatment of giant suprasellar arachnoid cyst with secondary hydrocephalus

La derivación ventrículo biliar se describe como un procedimiento alternativo eficaz en el tratamiento de la hidrocefalia. Presentamos el caso de un paciente de 19 años de edad diagnosticado de quiste aracnoideo supraselar e hidrocefalia, portador de doble sistema valvular de derivación ventrículo peritoneal y cisto peritoneal desde la infancia. Tras varios recambios por fallo peritoneal, fue sometido a derivación ventriculoauricular, con complicaciones asociadas y posterior recolocación a peritoneo. Tras nueva disfunción valvular por complicaciones peritoneales, se planteó la derivación ventriculobiliar como tratamiento alternativo para este paciente, que resultó segura y eficaz en la resolución de la clínica del paciente, siendo dado de alta, manteniendo estabilidad clínica durante más de 2 años de seguimiento. (AU)

Ventriculo-gallbladder shunt is described as an effective alternative procedure in the treatment of hydrocephalus. We present the case of a 19-year-old patient diagnosed with suprasellar arachnoid cyst since his childhood and hydrocephalus, with a double shunt; ventriculoperitoneal and peritoneal cyst shunt. After several replacements due to peritoneal failure, he underwent ventriculoatrial shunt, with associated complications and subsequent repositioning to the peritoneum. After new valve dysfunction due to peritoneal complications, ventriculo-gallbladder shunt was proposed as an alternative treatment for this patient, which was safe and effective in resolving the patient's symptoms, and the patient was discharged, maintaining clinical stability in the follow-up more than 2 years later. (AU)

Factores asociados al fracaso virológico en pacientes VIH con tratamiento antirretroviral / Factors associated with virologic failure in HIV patients on antiretroviral therapy

Objetivo: Determinar los factores asociados al fracaso virológico enpacientes con el virus de la inmunodeficiencia humana con tratamientoantirretroviral atendidos en una institución de salud colombiana.Método: Estudio transversal, observacional, retrospectivo y analítico enpacientes con el virus de la inmunodeficiencia humana con tratamientoantirretroviral entre 2007-2020. Se recogieron variables sociodemográficas,farmacológicas y clínicas, incluyendo la carga viral, el grado de adherenciay la tasa de reclamación de medicamentos. Para el análisis estadístico seobtuvieron las odds ratio crudas y ajustadas y los intervalos de confianza.Resultados: De una población de 5.406 pacientes, la proporción defracaso virológico fue de 16,7% y en el modelo ajustado se encontró asociación entre el fracaso virológico con el tiempo en el tratamiento mayora un año, la tasa de posesión de la reclamación inferior al 80%, la noreclamación oportuna por omisión o suspensión, la adherencia inferior al85%, el recuento de CD4 inferior a 500, niveles de colesterol total mayores de 201 mg/dl, lipoproteína de alta densidad menor de 39 mg/dl ypresencia de micosis.Conclusiones: En nuestra cohorte de pacientes con el virus de la inmunodeficiencia humana, un menor tiempo en tratamiento, un recuento deCD4 menor de 200, una baja tasa de reclamación de los medicamentos,así como la no reclamación oportuna por omisión y suspensión y un menorgrado de adherencia son factores que se relacionan con el fracaso virológico. (AU)

Objective: To determine the factors associated with virologic failurein HIV patients on antiretroviral treatment treated in a Colombian healthinstitution.Method: This was a cross-sectional observational retrospective analytical study of HIV patients receiving antiretroviral treatment between2007-2020. Sociodemographic, pharmacological and clinical variableswere collected, including viral load, adherence, and the medication possession ratio. For statistical analysis, crude and adjusted odds ratios andconfidence intervals were obtained.Results: In a population of 5,406 patients, the proportion of virologicfailure was 16.7%. Moreover, in the adjusted model, an association wasfound between virologic failure and time on treatment greater than oneyear, medication possession ratio under 80%, failure to claim medications from the pharmacy due to dose omission or discontinuation, adherence under 85%, CD4 count under 500, total cholesterol levels above201 mg/dL, high density lipoproteins under 39 mg/dL and presence ofmycosis.Conclusions: In our cohort of HIV patients, short treatment periods, CD4counts under 200, a low medication possession ratio, failure to timelyclaim medications from the pharmacy due to omission or discontinuation,and a lower degree of adherence were factors related to virologic failure. (AU)

Impacto del uso de las técnicas moleculares (PCR) en la detección y el éxito erradicador frente a Helicobacter pylori / Impact of the use of molecular techniques (PCR) on detection and eradication success against Helicobacter pylori

Introducción: La infección por Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) afecta a más del 50% de la población mundial. El aumento en las resistencias antibióticas es la principal causa del fracaso del tratamiento. El objetivo principal fue analizar el éxito erradicador tras la aplicación de las nuevas recomendaciones de tratamiento ESPGHAN e introducción de la PCR como técnica de diagnóstico directo, describir la evolución del patrón local de resistencias antibióticas y valorar el coste-efectividad de la aplicación de la PCR aislada o en conjunto con el cultivo como estrategia diagnóstica. Pacientes y métodos: Estudio descriptivo retrospectivo del total de aislamientos microbiológicos de H. pylori entre 2013-2019 en nuestro centro, mediante comparación del porcentaje de resistencias y éxito erradicador entre los periodos 2013-2016 y 2017-2019. Estudio de coste-efectividad de las pruebas de diagnóstico directo, comparando 3 opciones distintas: cultivo y PCR, solo cultivo, y solo PCR. Resultados: Se incluyó a 192 pacientes, 98 fueron detectados por cultivo (2013-2016) y 94 por cultivo o PCR (2017-2019). Se instauró tratamiento antibiótico en 153 pacientes, 90 en el primer periodo (pautas ESPGHAN 2011: porcentaje erradicación 62,2%), 63 en el segundo (pautas ESPGHAN 2017: porcentaje erradicación: 73%). Se observó un aumento en las resistencias a claritromicina, pasando de un 16,3% (n=16) en el primer periodo a un 53,2% (n=48) entre 2017-2019 (98% detectadas por PCR, 60% por cultivo). No hubo diferencias en el resto de resistencias antibióticas. La solicitud aislada de la PCR presentó una ratio de análisis de coste-efectividad (CEAR) de 71,91, en comparación con un 92,16 del cultivo y un 96,35 del cultivo y la PCR de forma conjunta. (AU)

Introduction: Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection affects more than 50% of the world population. Increased antibiotic resistance is the main cause of treatment failure. The main objective was to analyze the eradication success after the application of the new ESPGHAN treatment recommendations and the introduction of PCR as a direct diagnosis technique, describe the evolution of the local pattern of antibiotic resistance, and assess the cost-effectiveness of PCR application, isolated or in conjunction with culture as a diagnostic strategy. Patients and methods: retrospective descriptive study of all microbiological isolates of H. pylori in 2013-2019 in our center, by comparing the percentage of resistance and eradication success between the periods 2013-2016 and 2017-2019. Cost-effectiveness study of direct diagnostic tests, comparing 3 different options: culture and PCR; only culture; PCR only. Results: 192 patients were included, 98 were detected by culture (2013-2016) and 94 by culture and / or PCR (2017-2019). Antibiotic treatment was established in 153 patients, 90 in the first period (2011 ESPGHAN guidelines: eradication percentage 62.2%), 63 in the second (2017 ESPGHAN guidelines: eradication percentage: 73%). An increase in resistance to clarithromycin was observed, going from 16.3% (n=16) in the first period, to 53.2% (n=48) in 2017-2019 (98% detected by PCR, 60% by culture). There were no differences in the rest of antibiotic resistances. The isolated PCR application presented a cost-effectiveness analysis ratio (CEAR) of 71.91, compared to 92.16 for the culture and 96.35 for the culture and PCR combined. (AU)

Aberrantly low STAT3 and STAT5 responses are associated with poor outcome and an inflammatory gene expression signature in pediatric acute myeloid leukemia

The relapse rate for children with acute myeloid leukemia is nearly 40% despite aggressive chemotherapy and often stem cell transplant. We sought to understand how environment-induced signaling responses are associated with clinical response to treatment. We previously reported that patients whose AML cells showed low G-CSF-induced STAT3 activation had inferior event-free survival compared to patients with stronger STAT3 responses. Here, we expanded the paradigm to evaluate multiple signaling parameters induced by a more physiological stimulus. We measured STAT3, STAT5 and ERK1/2 responses to G-CSF and to stromal cell-conditioned medium for 113 patients enrolled on COG trials AAML03P1 and AAML0531. Low inducible STAT3 activity was independently associated with inferior event-free survival in multivariate analyses. For inducible STAT5 activity, those with the lowest and highest responses had inferior event-free survival, compared to patients with intermediate STAT5 responses. Using existing RNA-sequencing data, we compared gene expression profiles for patients with low inducible STAT3/5 activation with those for patients with higher inducible STAT3/5 signaling. Genes encoding hematopoietic factors and mitochondrial respiratory chain subunits were overexpressed in the low STAT3/5 response groups, implicating inflammatory and metabolic pathways as potential mechanisms of chemotherapy resistance. We validated the prognostic relevance of individual genes from the low STAT3/5 response signature in a large independent cohort of pediatric AML patients. These findings provide novel insights into interactions between AML cells and the microenvironment that are associated with treatment failure and could be targeted for therapeutic interventions (AU)

Impacto de la modalidad de diálisis sobre la morbimortalidad tras el fracaso del injerto renal: análisis con eventos competitivos / Impact of dialysis modality on morbimortality of kidney transplant recipients after allograft failure. Analysis in the presence of competing events

ANTECEDENTES Y OBJETIVO: El número de personas que inician diálisis por el fracaso del injerto aumenta cada día. La modalidad de diálisis mejor para este tipo de pacientes no está bien definida y la mayoría de ellos son derivados a hemodiálisis (HD). El objetivo de nuestro estudio es evaluar el impacto de la modalidad de diálisis sobre la morbilidad y la mortalidad en individuos trasplantados que inician este procedimiento tras el fracaso del injerto. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: Estudio multicéntrico retrospectivo observacional y de cohortes que compara la evolución de los pacientes que inician diálisis tras el fracaso del injerto, desde enero del año 2000 a diciembre del 2013. Un grupo lo hace en diálisis peritoneal (DP) y otro en HD. Se realizó un seguimiento a los pacientes hasta el cambio de técnica de diálisis, retrasplante o fallecimiento. Se analizaron datos antropométicos, comorbilidad, el filtrado glomerular (FG) con el que iniciaban la diálisis, la presencia de un acceso óptimo para esta, la presencia de intolerancia al injerto y el retrasplante. Estudiamos el motivo de los 10 primeros ingresos hospitalarios tras el inicio de la diálisis. Para el análisis estadístico, se tuvo en cuenta la presencia de eventos competitivos que dificultaran la aparición del evento de interés, muerte o ingreso hospitalario. RESULTADOS: Se incluyeron 175 pacientes. En DP 86 y 89 en HD. Los individuos que iniciaron DP eran más jóvenes, tenían menor comorbilidad y lo hacían con FG más bajos que los de HD. El seguimiento medio fue de 34 ± 33 meses, con una mediana de 24 (IQR siete a 50 meses), siendo mayor en los pacientes en HD que en los de DP (35 vs. 18 meses, p = < 0,001). Los factores de riesgo que influyeron en la mortalidad fueron la edad (coeficiente del sub Hazard Ratio [sHR] 1,06 (IC 95%: 1,033 a 1,106, p = 0,000), el uso no óptimo del acceso (sHR 3,00 (IC 95%: 1,507 a 5,982, p = 0,028) y el tipo de diálisis, la DP sHR[DP/HD] 0,36 (IC 95%: 0,148 a 0,890, p = 0,028). Los pacientes en DP tenían menos riesgo de un ingreso hospitalario sHR[DP/HD] 0,52 (IC 95%: 0,369 a 0,743, p = < 0,001) y menos probabilidad de desarrollar una intolerancia al injerto HR 0,307 (IC 95% 0,142 a 0,758, p = 0,009). CONCLUSIONES: Con las limitaciones de un estudio retrospectivo y no randomizado, es la primera vez a nivel nacional que se demuestra que la DP en términos de supervivencia es mejor que la HD cuando fracasa el injerto durante el primer año y medio en diálisis. La presencia de un acceso no óptimo para este procedimiento es un factor de riesgo de mortalidad independiente y modificable. La remisión precoz de los pacientes a las unidades de enfermedad renal crónica avanzada (ERCA) es fundamental para que estos elijan la técnica que más se adapte a sus circunstancias y preparar un acceso óptimo para el inicio de diálisis

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: The number of patients who start dialysis due to graft failure increases every day. The best dialysis modality for this type of patient is not well defined and most patients are referred to HD. The objective of our study is to evaluate the impact of the dialysis modality on morbidity and mortality in transplant patients who start dialysis after graft failure. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A multicentre retrospective observation and cohort study was performed to compare the evolution of patients who started dialysis after graft failure from January 2000 to December 2013. One group started on PD and the other on HD. The patients were followed until the change of dialysis technique, retransplantation or death. Anthropometric data, comorbidity, estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) at start of dialysis, the presence of an optimal access for dialysis, the appearance of graft intolerance and retransplantation were analysed. We studied the causes for the first 10 hospital admissions after starting dialysis. For the statistical analysis, the presence of competitive events that hindered the observation of the event of interest, death or hospital admission was analysed. RESULTS: 175 patients were included, 86 in DP and 89 in HD. The patients who started PD were younger, had less comorbidity and started dialysis with lower eGFR than those on HD. The mean follow-up was 34 ± 33 months, with a median of 24 months (IQR 7 - 50 months), Patients on HD had longer follow-up than patients on PD (35 vs. 18 months, p = < 0.001). The mortality risk factors were age sHR 1.06 (95% CI: 1.033 - 1.106, p = 0.000), non-optimal use of access for dialysis sHR 3.00 (95% CI: 1.507 - 5.982, p = 0.028) and the dialysis modality sHR (PD / HD) 0.36 (95% CI: 0.148 - 0.890, p = 0.028). Patients on PD had a lower risk of hospital admission sHR [DP / HD] 0.52 (95% CI: 0.369-0.743, p = < 0.001) and less probability of developing graft intolerance HR 0.307 (95% CI 0.142-0.758, p = 0.009). CONCLUSIONS: With the limitations of a retrospective and non-randomized study, it is the first time nationwide that PD shows in terms of survival to be better than HD during the first year and a half after the kidney graft failure. The presence of a non-optimal access for dialysis was an independent and modifiable risk factor for mortality. Early referral of patients to advanced chronic kidney disease units is essential for the patient to choose the technique that best suits their circumstances and to prepare an optimal access for the start of dialysis

Patterns of treatment failure in patients with prostate cancer treated with 76 80 radiotherapy to the prostate and seminal vesicles

Purpose To assess the pattern of treatment failure in patients with prostate cancer (PCa) treated with radiotherapy (76–80 Gy) ± hormone therapy (HT). We also evaluated the influence of treatment failure on survival outcomes. Methods Retrospective study of patients with PCa (n = 302) treated with radiotherapy (RT) ± HT at our centre between November 1999 and July 2007. The mean patient age was 70.2 years (range 51–87). Distribution by NCCN risk group was low (n = 80, 26.5%), intermediate (n = 86, 28.5%), high (n = 77, 25.5%), and very high (n = 49, 16.2%). Most patients (n = 273, 90.4%) received IMRT at a dose of 76–80 Gy. HT was administered in 237 patients (78.5%), in most cases (n = 167, 55.3%) for < 7 months Results Survival rates at 10 years were: overall survival (OS), 64.3%; biochemical disease-free survival, 83.9%; disease-free survival, 92.5%; and metastasis-free survival (MFS), 94.3%. Biochemical failure (BF) was observed in 55 cases (18.2%), 32 of whom subsequently developed clinical recurrence: metastasis (n = 17, 5.6%), local failure (n = 11, 3.6%), and regional failure (n = 4, 1.3%). The cause of death (n = 159) was intercurrent disease in 115 cases (72.3%), second cancer in 27 (17.0%), and PCa in 17 (10.7%). Biochemical failure-free survival ≤ 24 months was significantly associated with worse OS and MFS (p = 0.0001). Late genitourinary and gastrointestinal toxicity grade ≥ 3 (RTOG) was observed in 18 (6.0%) and 7 (2.3%) patients, respectively. Conclusions The main type of treatment failure after 76–80 Gy of radiotherapy ± HT is local or metastatic. In all cases, biochemical failure occurred prior to treatment failure. BF within 24 months of treatment completion was significantly associated with worse OS and MFS (AU)

Tratamientos actuales tras fracaso a BCG en cáncer de vejiga no músculo-invasivo / Current treatments for BCG failure in non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC)

INTRODUCCIÓN: El tratamiento de elección para el cáncer vesical no músculo infiltrante (CVNMI) de alto riesgo es el bacilo de Calmette-Guérin (BCG). Sin embargo, cuando éste falla, el tratamiento indicado es la cistectomía radical. En los últimos años se están desarrollando ensayos con diversos fármacos para evitar esta cirugía en pacientes con fracaso a BCG. El objetivo de este artículo es llevar a cabo una puesta al día de los tratamientos en estudio para la preservación vesical en esta población de pacientes. Material y MÉTODOS: Revisión no sistemática, realizando una búsqueda en PubMed con los términos "Bladder cancer", "Non-muscle invasive bladder cancer", "NMIBC", "BCG", "BCG-refractory", "Mitomycin C", "MMC", "Hyperthermia", "Electromotive Drug Administration", "EMDA" Empleamos los buscadores clinicaltrials.gov y clinicaltrialsregister.eu para localizar ensayos clínicos. RESULTADOS: El único fármaco intravesical aprobado por la Food and Drug Administration (FDA) para carcinoma in situ (CIS) tras fracaso a BCG es la valrubicina. Recientemente la FDA ha aprobado pembrolizumab intravenoso, tras la publicación de los datos preliminares del estudio KEYNOTE-057. Atezolizumab ha demostrado unos resultados preliminares similares de eficacia. En las guías europeas se reconoce como alternativa únicamente la quimiohipertermia inducida por microondas y EMDA-MMC (electromotive drug administration). Otras alternativas en investigación son los taxanos y la gemcitabina, solos o en combinación, los virus recombinantes y la quimiohipertermia intravesical asistida por dispositivos. CONCLUSIONES: Los resultados de los nuevos fármacos son prometedores, con gran número de ensayos en marcha. Conocer los mecanismos de resistencia a BCG es imprescindible para la exploración de nuevas alternativas terapéuticas

INTRODUCTION: The treatment of choice for high-risk non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) is bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG). However, when this fails, the indicated treatment is radical cystectomy. In recent years, trials are being developed with various drugs to avoid this surgery in patients with BCG failure. The aim of this article is to update the treatments under study for bladder preservation in this patient population. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Non-systematic review, searching PubMed with the terms "Bladder cancer", "Non-muscle invasive bladder cancer", "NMIBC", "BCG", "BCG-refractory", "Mitomycin C", "MMC", "Hyperthermia", "Electromotive Drug Administration", "EMDA" We used the search engines clinicaltrials.gov and clinicaltrialsregister.eu to find clinical trials. RESULTS: The only intravesical drug approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for carcinoma in situ (CIS) after failure to BCG is valrubicin. Recently, the FDA has approved intravenous pembrolizumab, following the publication of preliminary data from the KEYNOTE-057 study. Atezolizumab has demonstrated similar preliminary efficacy results. Only microwave-induced chemohyperthermia and EMDA-MMC (electromotive drug administration) are recognized as alternatives in European guidelines. Other options under investigation are taxanes and gemcitabine, alone or in combination, recombinant viruses and device-assisted intravesical chemohyperthermia. CONCLUSIONS: The results of new drugs are promising, with a large number of trials underway. Knowing the mechanisms of resistance to BCG is essential to explore new therapeutic options

Fracaso de la ventilación no invasiva tras empleo de oxigenoterapia de alto flujo en pacientes con neumonía por SARS-CoV-2 / Failure of non-invasive ventilation after use of high-flow oxygen therapy in patients with SARS-Coronavirus-2 pneumonia

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Manejo endovascular de desconexión tras reparación endovascular de aorta fenestrada / Endovascular management of a disconnected bridging stent during fenestrated endovascular aortic repair

Descripción de una complicación en una reparación de AAA con dispositivo anaconda fenestrada (Vascutek, Teru­mo(R)) por desconexión de stent renal en la que se plantearon estrategias de manejo para su corrección con un adecuado desenlace angiográfico y clínico

Description of complication in repair of AAA with fenestrated anaconda device (Vascutek Ltd./Terumo(R)), due to disconnection of renal stent where management strategies were proposed for its correction with an adequate angiographic and clinical outcome

Fallo terapéutico del bloqueo de ramo medial lumbar y su relación con la obesidad. Estudio de cohorte retrospectivo / Therapeutic failure of the lumbar medial branch block and its relation to obesity. Retrospective cohort study

OBJETIVO: Comparar la frecuencia de fallo terapéutico del bloqueo de ramo medial lumbar bilateral en pacientes con dolor lumbar crónico axial, obesos con no obesos, en un centro de atención de dolor crónico del occidente colombiano durante un año. MATERIALES Y MÉTODOS: Se realizó un estudio analítico observacional de seguimiento a una cohorte retrospectiva. Se revisaron las historias clínicas electrónicas de pacientes, mayores de 18 años, de ambos sexos, a quienes se les realizó bloqueo de ramo medial lumbar bilateral por dolor lumbar crónico axial, que contaron con registro de índice de masa corporal, y control posprocedimiento entre el 1 de enero y el 31 de diciembre de 2018. Se registraron los valores de calificación de dolor por la Escala Visual Análoga (EVA) antes y después del procedimiento. Se consideró fallo terapéutico cuando la mejoría de dolor fue menor al 50 % del valor de EVA inicial (4), y se aplicó un análisis por otras variables modificadoras reportadas en la literatura. RESULTADOS: Se incluyeron 190 pacientes, con una edad promedio de 56,8 años (± 13,5), el 49,5 % de sexo femenino, el 66,3 % fueron empleados, el 17,4 % amas de casa, el 8,9 % independientes, y el 7,4 % pensionados. El 29 % mostró un IMC normal, el 42,6 % sobrepeso y el 28,4 % obesidad. La monoterapia más frecuente fue el acetaminofén en un 12,1 %, una tercera parte de los pacientes había recibido terapia física. El 23,7 % tuvo historia de intervencionismo previa y la mayoría de estos habían tenido una respuesta positiva. El porcentaje de fallo terapéutico fue de 54,7 % (104 pacientes), y las variables que mostraron asociación estadística con esta fueron: la edad (p = 0,014), la respuesta previa al intervencionismo (p = 0,014) y tiempo de evolución del dolor (p = 0,045). El porcentaje de obesidad entre los que presentaron fallo terapéutico fue del 76,9 %, mientras que en los que no la presentaron fue del 64 % (p = 0,05). En el análisis multivariado, las variables que mostraron significancia estadística frente a fallo terapéutico fueron: edad menor de 50 años OR 2,7, IC [1,37 - 5,34] p = 0,004, y sobrepeso OR 2,36, IC [1,11 - 5,04], p = 0,026. CONCLUSIÓN: En este estudio se encontró evidencia de que el sobrepeso se asocia al fallo terapéutico en el bloqueo de ramo medial lumbar, aunque no sucedió lo mismo con la obesidad

OBJECTIVE: To compare the frequency of therapeutic failure of bilateral lumbar facet block in patients with chronic axial low back pain, obese with non-obese, in a chronic pain care center in western Colombia for one year. MATERIALS AND METHODS: An observational analytical follow-up study of a retrospective cohort was performed electronic medical records of patients were reviewed, the patients were over 18 years old, of both sexes, bilateral lumbar facet block was performed due to chronic axial low back pain, they had a record of body mass index, and post-procedure control between the 1st of January and December 31, 2018. Pain score values were recorded by the Visual Analog Scale (VAS) before and after the procedure. Therapeutic failure was considered when the improvement in pain was less than 50 % of the initial VAS value (4), and an analysis was applied for other modifying variables reported in the literature. RESULTS: 190 patients were included, with an average age of 56.8 years (± 13.5), 49.5 % female, 66.3 % were employees, 17.4 % housewives, 8,9 % independent, and 7,4 % pensioners. 29 % showed a normal BMI, 42.6 % overweight, and 28.4 % obesity. The most frequent monotherapy was acetaminophen in 12.1 %, a third of the patients had received physical therapy. 23.7 % had a history of previous interventionism and most of these had a positive response. The percentage of therapeutic failure was 54.7 % (104 patients); and the variables that showed statistical association with this were: age (p = 0.014), the previous response to interventionism (p = 0.014), and time of evolution of pain (p = 0.045). The percentage of obesity among those who presented therapeutic failure was 76.9 %, while in those who did not present it, it was 64 % (p = 0.05). In the multivariate analysis, the variables that showed statistical significance against therapeutic failure were: age younger than 50 years OR 2.7, CI [1.37 - 5.34] p = 0.004; and overweight OR 2.36, IC [1.11 - 5.04], p = 0.026. CONCLUSION: In this study, evidence that being overweight is associated with therapeutic failure in lumbar facet block was found, although the same did not happen with obesity

Tenotomía percutánea ecoguiada en entesopatía crónica de extensores de muñeca / Ultrasound-guided percutaneous tenotomy in chronic wrist extensor enthesopathy

La epicondilitis es una entidad que provoca discapacidad y tiende a cronificar. Histológicamente, existen lesiones degenerativas en el tendón extensor común del antebrazo, visibles mediante ecografía o resonancia magnética. Existen diversas medidas terapéuticas conservadoras, incluida la infiltración con corticoide por referencia anatómica; pero en ocasiones fracasan, y los pacientes son propuestos para cirugía. La ecografía como herramienta terapéutica permite realizar procedimientos sin apertura cutánea sobre los tendones. En 2006, se publicó la realización de una tenotomía percutánea ecoguiada para el tratamiento de la epicondilitis crónica. La técnica, mostrada hasta ahora por cirujanos y radiólogos, intenta transformar un proceso degenerativo crónico con fallo en la reparación, en un proceso inflamatorio agudo con perspectivas de autorregeneración. Nuestro objetivo es describir 5 casos clínicos de epicondilitis con fracaso de las medidas terapéuticas habituales, en los que se realiza una tenotomía percutánea ecoguiada en la propia consulta, con resultados favorables

Epicondylitis causes disability and tends to become chronic. Histologically, degenerative lesions are found in the common extensor tendon, which are visible on ultrasound or magnetic resonance imaging. Several conservative therapeutic measures are available, including corticosteroid infiltration by anatomical landmark. However, these measures sometimes fail, in which case patients are proposed for surgery. Ultrasound is a therapeutic tool that allows procedures on tendons to be performed without skin incisions. The technique of ultrasound-guided percutaneous tenotomy for the treatment of chronic epicondylitis was first reported in 2006. This procedure, demonstrated to date by surgeons and radiologists, attempts to transform a chronic degenerative process with failure to repair into an acute inflammatory process with self-regeneration. The aim of this study was to describe 5 cases of epicondylitis that failed to respond to routine therapeutic measures, in which we used ultrasound-guided percutaneous tenotomy with favourable results

The return of Koch's: Ineffective treatment or re-infection / El regreso de Koch: tratamiento ineficaz o reinfección

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