El ajuste psicológico de los niños, niñas y adolescentes en acogimiento residencial con Familias Colaboradoras: Una evaluación multi-informante / Psychological adjustment of children and adolescents in residential care with Collaborating Families: A multi-informant assessme

En el marco del acogimiento residencial, se ha desarrollado el programa Familias Colaboradoras con el fin de que los niños, niñas y adolescentes tutelados puedan disfrutar de períodos de convivencia en un ambiente familiar positivo, que les genere beneficios y complemente su atención residencial. En este trabajo, a través del instrumento Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ), estudiamos el ajuste psicológico de 37 menores de edad en acogimiento residencial con familias colaboradoras, contrastando las valoraciones de 185 informantes: los propios menores de edad, sus familias colaboradoras, los profesionales de referencia del centro, así como un grupo de comparación de iguales sin familias colaboradoras y sus profesionales de referencia. Además, analizamos si el ajuste psicológico de estas personas menores se relaciona con variables personales y la valoración que hacen de la colaboración familiar. Los resultados mostraron diferencias significativas entre el ajuste psicológico valorado por los distintos informantes. Además, los menores de edad con familias colaboradoras tendieron a mostrar un mejor ajuste psicológico frente al grupo de comparación, con tamaños de efecto considerables. Se encontraron también relaciones significativas entre el ajuste psicológico y la valoración de los menores sobre la colaboración familiar. Finalmente, se discuten algunas implicaciones prácticas para el desarrollo del programa.(AU)

In residential care, programs such as Collaborating Families have been developed so that children and adolescents can experience periods of cohabitation in a positive family environment, which generates benefits for them and complements their residential care. The present study used the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire(SDQ) to study the psychological ad-justment of 37 children and adolescents in residential care with collaborat-ing families, comparing the assessments of 185 informants: the children themselves, their collaborating families, their caregivers at the protection center, as well as a comparison group of peers without collaborating fami-lies and their caregivers. In addition, this study analyzed whether the psy-chological adjustment of these children is related to some of their personal variables and their experience in family collaboration. The results showed significant differences between the psychological adjustment assessed by the different informants. Also, children with collaborating families tended to present a better psychological adjustment compared to the comparison group, with considerable effect sizes. Moreover, significant relationships were found between psychological adjustment and the children’s ratings about their family collaboration. Finally, some practical implications for the development of the program are discussed.(AU)

Covid persistente y discapacidad / Long covid and disability

La long covid o covid persistente es un problema de salud que supondrá un alto coste oculto atribuible a la pandemia años después porque afecta a la capacidad laboral de muchos trabajadores. Dados los millones de casos de covid-19 en todo el mundo y las investigaciones actuales, que muestran que uno de cada 7 pacientes con covid-19 sigue sintomático a las 12 semanas, es probable que el número de pacientes con covid prolongada sea sustancial. La covid prolongada se caracteriza por secuelas heterogéneas que a menudo afectan a múltiples sistemas y órganos con impacto en el funcionamiento y la capacidad del trabajador. Los trabajadores con síntomas de covid persistente pueden regresar a su ocupación, pero esto implica un enfoque individualizado complejo del impacto de los síntomas en el trabajo, ajustes y modificaciones en el lugar del trabajo. Estos pacientes suelen informar de una afectación multisistémica prolongada y una discapacidad significativa. También debe abordarse el coste psicológico para el trabajador. En una encuesta de la Comunidad de Madrid (desarrollada por los sindicatos CC. OO., SATSE, CSIF, AMYTS) de 2022 se observa que el 24,5% de los afectados por covid prolongada estuvieron enfermos durante más de 12 meses y el 30% de los afectados necesita adaptación a su lugar de trabajo. En España se han reportado más de 10millones de personas infectadas por SARS-CoV-2 desde que comenzó la pandemia, por lo que se calcula que podría haber un millón de personas con covid persistente. Solo en 2021 se produjeron en España más de 2,6 millones de bajas laborales por covid-19, cuya duración media fue de 10 días. Cien millones de personas en todo el mundo padecen covid persistente, pero pocos países los cuentan oficialmente, ni ayudan con el empleo a los afectados... (AU)

Long covid is a health problem that will entail a high hidden cost attributable to the pandemic years after it because it affects the work capacity of many workers. Given the millions of covid-19 cases worldwide and current research showing that one in 7covid-19 patients remain symptomatic at 12 weeks, the number of long covid patients is likely to be substantial. Long covid is characterized by heterogeneous sequelae that often affect multiple systems, organs with an impact on the functioning and capacity of the worker. Workers with long covid symptoms can return to their occupation but this involves a complex individualized approach to the impact of symptoms on work, adjustments and modifications to the workplace. Patients with long covid typically report prolonged multisystem involvement and signicant disability. The psychological cost to the worker must also be addressed. A survey by the Community of Madrid (CCOO, SATSE, CSIF, AMYTS) in 2022 reveals that 24.5% of those affected by long covid were sick for more than 12 months; 30% of those affected by persistent covid need and adaption to their workplace. In Spain, more than 10million people infected with SARS-CoV-2 have been reported since the pandemic began, so it is estimated that there could be one million people with persistent covid. In 2021 alone there were more than 2.6 million sick leave due to covid-19 in Spain, the average duration of which was 10 days. One hundred million people around the world suffer from persistent covid, but few countries officially count them, nor do they help those affected with employment. In advanced countries, like the United States, long covid is treated as a disability,and the number of people with disabilities working or looking for work increased by 1.36 million, an increase of 23%, between January 2021 and January 2022... (AU)

Síntomas de ansiedad y depresión en población general y clínica: contribución diferencial de las estrategias de regulación emocional / Symptoms of Anxiety and Depression in General and Clinical Population: Differential Contribution of Emotional Regulation Strategies

Studies show that the emotional consequences of cognitive emotional regulation strategies may differ depending on the sample assessed. This paper presents a study about differences in cognitive emotion regulation between a community (n= 536) and a clinical sample (n= 95). Results showed that only positive reappraisal and putting into perspective were negatively related to depression in the community and clinical sample, and in the clinical sample positive reappraisal was negatively related to anxiety. Less adaptive strategies were negatively related to anxiety and depression in the community sample; however, in the clinical sample were related to depression. But catastrophizing and blaming others were related to anxiety in the clinical sample. The predictors of anxiety and depressive symptoms in both samples were catastrophizing and less positive reappraisal and positive refocusing. In the community sample the predictors were rumination and less refocus on planning, and in the clinical sample blaming others. Results showed more frequent use in participants of the clinical sample of catastrophizing (odds ratio= 1.95, p ≤.001), blaming others (odds ratio= 1.20, p ≤.016) and less putting into perspective (odds ratio= .86, p ≤.018) (AU)

Effectiveness of ACT Group Therapy, DNA-V Model on Emotion Regulation, Social and Academic Skills of Adolescents

The most dramatic change in an adolescent's life is the emotional change. They will suffer socially and academically without regulation. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) group therapy on adolescents' emotions, interpersonal skills, and academic performance. According to research, low-and middle-income families have a higher rate of mental disorders in adolescents. A total of 122 participants were selected from low-, middle-, and high-income families. Randomly, the participants were divided into two groups: Control and Intervention. Ten sessions of ACT group therapy were performed for intervention group. The results showed that ACT group therapy had a significant effect on emotion regulation skills of adolescents. The results of this study showed that no statistical changes were seen in the control group but in the treatment group an improvement in social and academic skills and emotion regulation can be seen in participants from all social strata. This study has shown that the treatment based on ACT was effective in improving social and academic skills, and especially on emotion regulation in adolescents (AU)

The Effect of Attention Disengagement on Anxiety and Emotion Maintenance: A Theoretical Perspective

Cognitive processes such as attention and working memory are necessary for cognitive components of anxiety and other emotions. Moreover, the content of working memory and attention may maintain anxiety states. By extension, disengaging from mood-congruent material in attention and working memory may stop the maintenance of emotions such as anxiety. However, common existing therapeutic techniques do not fully disengage attention and other cognitive engagements from mood-congruent thoughts, mental images, and urges. This paper theorizes that fully disengaging attention, but not awareness, of mood-congruent thoughts and images eliminates or nearly eliminates feelings of anxiety. This paper connects cognitive, neuroscientific, and clinical evidence on the role of attention and working memory in anxiety and other emotions with the Cognitive Disengagement Technique, a relatively novel clinical technique which is a core component of Rumination-Focused ERP. By doing so, the hypotheses presented in this paper are highly testable. Possible mechanisms of extinction learning and emotion regulation beyond anxiety alone are discussed, both of which have important implications for clinical practice (AU)

Factores emocionales que median la relación entre inteligencia emocional y problemas psicológicos en adultos emergentes / [Emotional factors that mediate the relationship between emotional intelligence and psychological problems in emerging adults]

En las últimas décadas han aumentado las tasas de depresión y ansiedad en adultos emergentes en comparación con otros grupos de edad. El objetivo del estudio fue examinar la relación entre inteligencia emocional y problemas psicológicos, teniendo en cuenta el rol mediador de los factores emocionales como empatía, autoestima y felicidad. Participaron 399 jóvenes adultos (M= 20,38; DT= 2,46; 76,9% mujeres) que completaron un dosier de evaluación que incluía medidas de inteligencia emocional, empatía, autoestima, felicidad, síntomas emocionales y quejas somáticas. Se estimó un modelo de ecuaciones estructurales (SEM) con análisis de mediación. La inteligencia emocional se asoció positivamente con felicidad, empatía y autoestima y negativamente con ansiedad, depresión, estrés y quejas somáticas. La felicidad fue la variable mediadora más relevante en la relación entre inteligencia emocional y síntomas emocionales. Estos resultados ponen de manifiesto la necesidad de promover el desarrollo de las habilidades emocionales en los adultos emergentes, lo que fomenta un estado de ánimo feliz y una buena salud mental.

In the last decades, the rates of depression and anxiety in emerging adults have increased compared to other age groups. The aim of the study was to examine the relationship between emotional intelligence and psychological problems, considering the mediating role of emotional factors such as empathy, self-esteem and happiness. The participants were 399 young adults (M= 20.38, SD= 2.46, 76.9% women) who completed an assessment dossier that included measures of emotional intelligence, empathy, self-esteem, happiness, emotional symptoms and somatic complaints. A cross-sectional design with self-report data was used and structural equation modeling (SEM) with mediation analysis was performed. Emotional intelligence was positively associated with happiness, empathy and self-esteem, and negatively with anxiety, depression, stress and somatic complaints. Happiness was the most relevant mediator in the relationship between emotional intelligence and emotional symptoms. These results stress the need to promote the development of emotional abilities in emerging adults, which fosters happiness and good mental health.

Semantic modelling of self-realization of the personality

Métodos y técnicas.- Se usa un enfoque semántico en la estructuración dicomotizada de pares de constructos de identificación personal. Se aporta una técnica original de "Modelización semántica de auto-organización de la personalidad" (MSAOP). Los entrevistados rellenan «las rejillas de repertorio» de J. Kelly. Resultados de la muestra fueron factorizados. Los entrevistados hacen la modelización en imágenes "Yo-real", "Yo-ideal", y también imágenes «de la personalidad autoactualizada» (PAA) y "Noconformista" (NC), usando un conjunto de constructos recogidos del repertorio de rejillas de J. Kelly). La muestra consta de 218 estudiantes de psicología. Resultados y discusión.- Se muestran datos comparativos de constructos autoactualizables (en el aspecto de "Io-ideal") y los modelos SUP y Oil Company. Aunque el SUP es un modelo de referencia de los logros de la personalidad (según A. Maslow et al.), Un no-conformista revela las propiedades de la autoafirmación. En la semántica de la autoorganización mental (MSS) de la personalidad, los encuestados no están completamente enfocados hacia estos estándares. Los resultados del análisis factorial mostraron las peculiaridades de la semántica de la personalidad de los estudiantes MCO en el aspecto de la autoactualización ("yo-ideal"): espontaneidad emocional y, al mismo tiempo, fortaleza y autoconfianza, así como como comunicación y bienestar en la vida (asociado a la inteligencia, e ingenuidad).(AU)

Introduction.The research is focused on studying self-organization of the personality in aspect of subjectness. The technique of modeling of social and role identification of the personality is presented. The research objective -to define semantic constructsself-updatingin modeling of per-sonal identification.Methods and techniques of a research.Semantic approach in structuring dichot-omizing couples of constructs of personal identification is used. Offered original technique "Semantic Modelling of Self-organization of the Person-ality" ("SMSOP"). Respondents fill "Repertoire lattices" of J. Kelly. Results of sample are factorized. Respondents make modeling of in images "I am-real", "I am-ideal" and also images of "The Self-updated Personality" (SUP) and "Nonconformist" (NC), using a set of the linguistic constructs received by means of repertoire lattices of J. Kelly). Sample –students-psychologists, the 218th persons.Results and discussion.Comparative data of constructs self-updating (in as-pect "I am-ideal") and the SUP and Oil Company models showed. Though SUP is a reference model of achievements of the personality (according to A. Maslow, etc.), and the NC discloses properties of self-affirmation, in semantics of mental self-organization (MSO) of the personality, respond-ents aren't focused fully on these standards. Results of the factorial analysis showed features of semantics of MSO of the identity of students in aspect self-updating ("I am-ideal"): emotional spontaneity and, at the same time, strength of mind and self-confidence and also communication and wellbe-ing in life (connected with intellectuality, ingenuity). Conclusions.Semantics self-updating persons reveals for youth in the posi-tions defining possible, achievable aspects of prospect of their life. The SUP and NC models are "perfect" for them.(AU)

Síndrome de Edorexia: un posible problema mental de la autorregulación del apetito en obesidad / Edorexia syndrome: a possible mental problem of appetite autoregulation in obesity

Fundamentos: En este trabajo, se aborda el problema de la obesidad desde una perspectiva biopsicosocial. Definiendo la obesidad como una consecuencia de la autorregulación del apetito y cuyas conductas tienen una finalidad psicológica relacionada con el alivio de emociones y situaciones aversivas. Basándose en la autorregulación del apetito, se observa el Síndrome de Edorexia y se analiza su relación con la obesidad, personalidad y estilos de afrontamiento. Métodos: La muestra se constituyó por 111 individuos universitarios (29 individuos con edoréxicos y 82 sinedoréxicos) que no realizaban actividad física intensa en gimnasios y no presentaban un trastorno mental severo. Se administraron a todos los participantes el Cuestionario del Síndrome de Edorexia (CSE), el Cuestionario de Personalidad (BFQ) y el Cuestionario de Respuesta de afrontamiento (CRI-A).Resultados: Se observa que el Síndrome de Edorexia guarda relación con el abuso y evitación de los alimentos. Además, predice mejor la obesidad en comparación con otras conductas. Conclusiones: Los estudios recientes vinculan la obesidad con un problema relacionado con la autorregulación del apetito y desde este enfoque, el Síndrome de Edorexia parece ser un buen predictor de la obesidad. Según estos trabajos, la inhibición y la desinhibición del consumo de alimentos pueden ser la estrategia empleada por el organismo para solventar una situación aversiva. Por este motivo, la obesidad puede entenderse como una consecuencia del conjunto de síntomas y conductas al que se denomina Síndrome de Edorexia y resultado de una situación en la cual el individuo no dispone de otras conductas, habilidades y recursos para afrontarlo de una manera más saludable. (AU)

Background: In this article, we approach the problem of obesity from a biopsychosocial perspective. Obesity is defined as a consequence of self-regulation of appetite and such that its’ behaviors have a psychological purpose related to the relief of emotions and aversive situations. Based on self-regulation of appetite, we describe Edorexia Syndrome and we analyze its relationship with obesity, personality and coping. Methods: The sample was constituted by 111 university students (29 edorexic and 82 non-edorexic) who didn’t practice intense physical activity in gyms and didn’t present a severe mental disorder. A battery of psychological tests was applied to the whole sample. This battery consisted of Edorexia Syndrome Questionnaire (CSE), Big Five Personality Questionnaire (BFQ) and the Coping Response Inventory (CRI-A). Results: The results showed that the Edorexia Syndrome is related to the abuse and avoidance of food. It also showed that Edorexia predicts obesity better than other behaviors. Conclusions: Recent studies related obesity with a problem of self-regulation of appetite and from this perspective, Edorexia Syndrome seems to be a good predictor of obesity. According to these articles, the inhibition and disinhibition of food consumption may be the strategy used by the organism to resolve an aversive situation. For this reason, obesity can be comprehended as a consequence of the set of symptoms and behaviors called Edorexia Syndrome and the result of a situation in which the individual does not have other behaviors, skills and resources to confront it in a healthier way. (AU)

Inteligencia emocional de las enfermeras de cuidados intensivos en un hospital terciario / Emotional intelligence of intensive care nurses in a tertiary hospital

Objetivo Analizar la inteligencia emocional del las enfermeras del área del paciente crítico. Metodología Estudio descriptivo, transversal, unicéntrico, realizado en las enfermeras en activo de las Unidades de Cuidados Intensivos (UCI) de un hospital terciario de Cataluña (septiembre 2016). Variables estudiadas: edad, sexo, experiencia laboral en la UCI (antigüedad en años), y puntuación mediana (rango) de las dimensiones de la escala de Rasgos Meta-Mood de 24 ítems (TMMS-24) con 3 dimensiones: 1) Atención emocional (soy capaz de sentir y expresar los sentimientos de forma adecuada); 2) Claridad de sentimientos (comprendo bien mis estados emocionales); 3) Reparación emocional (soy capaz de regular los estados emocionales correctamente). Se realizó un análisis descriptivo. Resultados Se propuso a todas las enfermeras en activo (n=103) participar en el estudio; 92 (89%) aceptaron y cumplimentaron el cuestionario: 75 (82%) mujeres y 17 (18%) hombres; 51 (55%) tenían una edad de 21 a 30años y una antigüedad (experiencia) superior a 6años. Las puntuaciones medianas (rango) de las diferentes dimensiones del cuestionario TMMS-24 por sexo (mujeres; hombres) fueron, respectivamente: 1) Atención emocional, 24 (12-37) [adecuada: 25 a 35]; 23 (18-31) [adecuada: 22 a 32]; 2) Claridad de sentimientos, 29 (15-40) [adecuada: 24-34]; 27 (18-34) [adecuada: 26-35]; 3) Reparación emocional, 28 (13-40) [adecuada: 24-34]; 29 (18-39) [adecuada: 24-35].Conclusiones La inteligencia emocional de las enfermeras fue adecuada en las dimensiones de claridad de sentimientos y de reparación emocional. Sin embargo, no fue adecuada en la dimensión de la atención emocional, por lo tanto es un área a mejorar.(AU)

Objective To analyse the emotional intelligence of nursing staff in the critical patient area. Methodology A descriptive, cross-sectional, single-centre study carried out in nursing staff of the Intensive Care Units (ICUs) of a tertiary hospital in Catalonia (September 2016). Variables studied: age, gender, work experience in ICU (years worked), and median score (range) of the dimensions of the Meta Mood Trait Scale (TMMS-24) with three dimensions: 1) Emotional attention (I am able to feel and express my feelings adequately); 2) Clarity of feelings (I understand my emotional states well); 3) Emotional repair (I am able to regulate emotional states correctly). A descriptive analysis was undertaken. Results All active nursing staff (n=103) were asked to participate in the study: 92 (89%) accepted and completed the questionnaire (75 (82%) women, 17 (18%) men); 51 (55%) were aged between 21 to 30 years-old, and had more than 6 years of working experience in ICU. The median scores (range) of the different dimensions of the TMMS-24 questionnaire by gender (women/men) were respectively: 1) Emotional attention: 24 (12-37) [adequate: 25 to 35]; 23 (18-31) [adequate: 22 to 32]; 2) Clarity of feelings: 29 (15-40) [adequate: 24-34]; 27 (18-34) [adequate: 26-35]; 3) Emotional repair: 28 (13-40) [adequate: 24-34]; 29 (18-39) [adequate: 24-35]. Conclusions The emotional intelligence of the nursing staff was adequate in the dimensions of clarity of feelings and emotional repair. However, it was not adequate in the dimension of emotional attention, therefore it is an area to improve. (AU)

Propiedades Psicométricas del Cuestionario de Regulación Emocional (ERQ-CA) en Estudiantes Universitarios Colombianos / Psychometric properties of the Emotional Regulation Questionnaire (ERQ-CA) in Colombian University Students

El propósito de esta investigación fue analizar las propiedades psicométricas del cuestionario de regulación emocional (ERQ-CA) en población colombiana. Se utilizó una muestra de 798 estudiantes universitarios de Bogotá y sus alrededores, con edades entre 15 y 25 años (M = 19.59, DE = 1.78). La muestra se dividió en dos grupos proporcionales. La primera parte de la muestra estuvo conformada por el 25% (n = 200). Con ella se realizó el análisis factorial exploratorio, χ² (13) = 16.38, p < 0.23, encontrando una estructura bidimensional, de acuerdo con los índices de bondad de ajuste: TLI = .951, RMSEA = .057, SRMR = .04. Con la segunda submuestra (n = 598) se realizó el análisis factorial confirmatorio. Se encontraron excelentes índices de ajuste: S-Bχ² (20) = 45.812; χ²/gl = 2.29; CFI = .962; NNFI = .940; TLI = .947; IFI= .958; RMSEA = .051; SRMR = .048. Se obtuvieron las estimaciones y errores del modelo a través de métodos robustos, se realizó el análisis de consistencia interna, se estudió la invarianza del modelo por género y se hallaron las diferencias por género. Se puede concluir que el ERQ-CA es un cuestionario con propiedades psicométricas muy favorables para su uso en el contexto colombiano. (AU)

The purpose of this research was to analyze the psychometric properties of the emotional regulation questionnaire (ERQ-CA) in the Colombian population. A sample of 798university students from Bogotá and its surroundings, with ages between 15 and 25 years old (M = 19.59, SD = 1.78) was used. The sample was divided into two proportional groups. The first part of the sample was composed by 25% (n = 200), with it the exploratory factorial analysis was made, χ² (13) = 16.38, p < 0.23, finding a two-dimensional structure, according to the indexes of goodness of fit: TLI = .951, RMSEA = .057. SRMR = .04. Then with 70% of the sample (n = 598) the confirmatory factorial analysis was performed. Excellent fit rates were found: S-Bχ² (20) = 45,812; χ²/gl = 2.29; IFC = .962; NNFI = .940; TLI = .947; IFI= .958; RMSEA = .051; SRMR = .048. Estimates and errors of the model were obtained through robust methods, internal consistency analysis was performed, the invariance of the model by gender was studied and differences by gender were found. It can be concluded that the ERQ-CA is a questionnaire with psychometric properties that are very favorable to be used in the Colombian context. (AU)

Adaptación española y propiedades psicométricas de la Escala de Parentalidad y Ajuste Familiar (PAFAS) / Spanish adaptation and psychometric properties of Parenting and Family Adjustment Scale (PAFAS)

El cuestionario Parenting and Family Adjustment Scales (PAFAS), que incluye las subescalas de Parenting Scale y Family Adjustment Scale, se creó con el fin de realizar evaluaciones breves y eficientes acerca de la competencia parental, las relaciones paterno-filiales y el ajuste familiar. El objetivo del presente trabajo es el de adaptar dicho cuestionario al contexto español y estimar sus propiedades psicométricas, de forma que pueda ser utilizada con garantías científicas para medir el ajuste y funcionamiento de progenitores españoles. La muestra estuvo compuesta por 2618 madres y padres de diferentes entornos socioeconómicos. Los ítems que formaron parte del instrumento se adaptaron de acuerdo con los autores de la escala original. Se emplearon análisis factoriales exploratorios y confirmatorios con el fin de analizar la estructura del cuestionario. Posteriormente se llevaron a cabo análisis de fiabilidad para cada uno de los factores y de invarianza del modelo de medida en ambas subescalas. Como consecuencia, se obtuvo un instrumento formado por 20 ítems, distribuidos en dos subescalas y cinco factores, con buenos índices de fiabilidad y ajuste para evaluar la adaptación parental y familiar en población española. La subescala de Parentalidad conformada por los factores Parentalidad coercitiva (PC), Estimulación positiva (EP) y Relaciones materno/paternos filiales (RMP) y la subescala de Ajuste Familiar, conformada por los factores Ajuste parental (AP) y Ajuste familiar (AF). El instrumento obtenido posibilita una medida válida, fiable, breve y comprehensiva para evaluar los estilos parentales y el ajuste familiar de los progenitores españoles

In order to conduct brief and efficient assessments of parental competence, parental-subsidiary relationships and family adjustment, the Parenting and Family Adjustment Scales (PAFAS) was created with the Parenting Scale and Family subscales Adjustment Scale. The objective of this work is to adapt this questionnaire to the Spanish context to be used for the evaluation of Spanish parental functioning, updating its psychometric properties. The sample consisted of 2618 parents from different socioeconomic backgrounds. The items that were part of the instrument were adapted in agreement with the original authors. Exploratory and confirmatory factorial analyses were used to analyse the structure of the questionnaire. Reliability analyses were then carried out for each of the factors and invariance of the measurement model at both subscales. As a result, an instrument consisting of 20 items, two subscales and five factors was obtained that proved reliable to measure family and parental functioning in Spain. The Parenting Scale made by Coercive parenting (PC), Positive encouragement (EP) and Parent-child relationship (RMP) factors and the Family Adjustment Scale, made by Parental adjustment (AP) and Family adjustment (AF) factors. The instrument obtained makes it possible to measure the parental styles and family adjustment of Spanish parents

Quién influye en quién: el trío Flexibilidad Cognitiva - Emociones - Trastornos de la Conducta Alimentaria / Who influences who: The Cognitive Flexibility - Emotions - Eating Disorders trio

Los Trastornos de la Conducta Alimentaria (TCA) constituyen una de las patologías con mayor incremento poblacional en los últimos años y asociada a la mayor mortalidad dentro del espectro de los trastornos mentales. El interés que ha suscitado en sus diferentes manifestaciones arroja datos incongruentes acerca de su etiología y factores de mantenimiento, lo que se atribuye a la complejidad sintomatológica de los mismos, su comorbilidad con otras psicopatologías y la migración habitual entre diagnósticos. El presente estudio trata de aportar evidencias acerca de la relación de estos trastornos con las funciones ejecutivas, en concreto, con la flexibilidad cognitiva, y los factores emocionales. Los resultados no apoyan las hipótesis iniciales al no arrojar diferencias significativas en flexibilidad cognitiva entre grupos, obteniendo únicamente diferencias en la medida de depresión. Sin embargo, los datos de función ejecutiva se aprecian permeados por el espectro emocional, por lo que se esbozan explicaciones alternativas acerca de posibles indicadores endofenotípicos

Eating Disorders are one of the pathologies with the greatest population increase in recent years and associated with the highest mortality within the spectrum of mental disorders. The interest in its different manifestations yields inconsistent data about their etiology and maintenance factors, which is attributed to their symptomatic complexity, their comorbility with other psychopathologies and the usual migration between diagnoses. The present estudy tries to provide evidence about the relationship between these disorders and the executive functions, specifically, with cognitive flexibility, and emotional factors. The results do not support the initial hypotheses as they did not show significant differences in cognitive flexibility between groups, obtaining only differences in the measure of depression. However, the executive function data are appreciated permeated by the emotional spectrum, so alternative explanations about possible endophenotype indicators are outlined

Ajuste familiar durante la pandemia de la COVID-19: un estudio de díadas / Family adjustment during the COVID-19 pandemic: a dyad study

La pandemia mundial del COVID-19 ha traído una gran cantidad de cambios vitales para la sociedad. Ante esta situación, las familias y sus hijos han tenido que adaptarse a nuevas rutinas y situaciones, lo que puede haber aumentado o agravado el padecimiento de sintomatología emocional. No obstante, la presencia de resiliencia y de estrategias de regulación emocional positivas, puede amortiguar este impacto en las familias con hijos pequeños. El objetivo del presente trabajo es conocer las variables que explicaban los problemas de ajuste emocional familiar ante la pandemia del COVID-19, teniendo en cuenta las díadas de progenitores y sus hijos adolescentes. Participaron 31 díadas de adolescentes entre 11 y 19 años (M =13.90; DT=1.85) y sus cuidadores principales, siendo el 93,50% madres. Tras aceptar participar en el estudio se evaluó la regulación emocional (Cuestionario de Regulación Emocional; ERQ), la resiliencia (Escala de Resiliencia de Connor-Davidson; CD-RISC) y la sintomatología ansiosa, depresiva y el estrés (Escala de Depresión, Ansiedad y Estrés; DASS). Se realizaron modelos de análisis comparativo cualitativo de conjuntos difusos (fsQCA). En la explicación del desajuste emocional de los cuidadores, el clima familiar negativo y las estrategias de regulación emocional deficientes en sus hijos fueron las variables más relevantes. En la explicación del malestar emocional de los adolescentes, lo fueron la baja resiliencia de estos y las estrategias deficientes de regulación emocional de sus padres. Nuestro estudio señala la relevancia de atender a los miembros de las familias en su conjunto ante crisis vitales de este tipo, mediante programas de intervención que mejoren los vínculos familiares y las estrategias de regulación emocional

The global pandemic of COVID-19 has brought a host of vital changes to society. Families and their children have had to adapt to new routines and situations, which may have increased or aggravated the suffering of emotional symptoms. However, the presence of resilience and positive emotional regulation strategies can cushion this impact on families with young children. The aim of the present study is to know the variables that explained the problems of family emotional adjustment to the COVID-19 pandemic, considering the dyads of parents and their adolescent children. Thirty-one dyads of adolescents between 11 and 19 years old (M = 13.90; SD = 1.85) and their main caregivers participated, 93.50% of whom were mothers. After accepting to participate in the study, emotional regulation (Emotional Regulation Questionnaire; ERQ), resilience (Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale; CD-RISC) and anxious, depressive and stress symptoms (Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale; DASS) were evaluated. Qualitative comparative fuzzy set analysis (fsQCA) models were performed. In the explanation of the emotional maladjustment of the caregivers, the negative family climate and the deficient emotional regulation strategies in their children were the most relevant variables. In the explanation of the emotional discomfort of the adolescents, the low resilience of these and the deficient strategies of emotional regulation of their parents were the most relevant variables. Our study points out the relevance of caring for family members when facing this kind of life crisis, through intervention programs that improve family bonds and emotional regulation strategies

Emotion regulation skills in children during the COVID-19 pandemic: influences on specific parenting and child adjustment / Las habilidades de regulación emocional de los niños durante la pandemia del COVID-19: influencias sobre prácticas parentales específicas y el ajuste de los niños

Child emotion regulation (ER) skills and specific parenting practices during the COVID-19 pandemic are likely to influence children adjustment in these unprecedented times. On this assumption, we first aimed to examine the predictive value of ER skills in relation to diverse indicators of behavioral and socioemotional adjustment. Then, we tested whether some of these associations could be partially explained through the mediator role of the specific parenting practices displayed within the pandemic context. These hypotheses were tested considering the previous levels of child reactivity as a potential moderator of the examined relations. Using parent-reported data from a sample of 874 Galician children (49.6% girls) aged 5 to 9 (Mage = 7.09; SD= 1.04), multiple regression and mediation analyses were conducted. Robust associations between ER skills and diverse indicators of child adjusment were found. Moreover, it was found that specific parenting practices mediate the relation between child ER skills and specific behavioral outcomes (i.e., child routine maintenance). Thus, our findings highlight the importance of ER skills for child adjustment during the COVID-19 crisis, not only through direct, but also indirect effects, suggesting that the kind of parenting style that children receive during the pandemic conditions might be partially elicited by their individual characteristics

Las habilidades de regulación emocional (HRE) de los niños/as y las prácticas parentales específicas surgidas como consecuencia de los importantes cambios originados por la pandemia del COVID-19, podrían contribuir a su adaptación durante esta época sin precedentes. Bajo estas consideraciones, nos propusimos, en primer lugar, examinar el valor predictivo de las HRE en relación a diversos indicadores conductuales y socioemocionales de ajuste, para después estudiar si algunas de estas asociaciones podrían ser parcialmente explicadas a través del rol mediador de las prácticas parentales específicas desplegadas por los padres/madres en estas circunstancias. Contrastamos nuestras hipótesis considerando los niveles previos de reactividad del niño/a como moderadores de las relaciones analizadas. Usando los datos proporcionados por los padres/madres de 874 niños/as gallegos (49.6% niñas) de 5 a 9 años (Medad = 7.09; SD = 1.04), se llevaron a cabo múltiples análisis de regresión y mediación. Se encontraron asociaciones robustas entre las HRE y diversos indicadores de ajuste. Además, se encontró que prácticas parentales específicas median la relación entre las HRE y un tipo de consecuencias conductuales positivas (i.e., el mantenimiento de rutinas por parte de los niños/as). Nuestros resultados constatan, por tanto, la importancia de las HRE para la adaptación de los niños/as a las condiciones derivadas de la crisis, no solo por sus efectos directos, sino también por su influencia a través de efectos indirectos, que sugieren que el tipo de prácticas parentales que los niños/as reciben durante la pandemia, podría ser parcialmente elicitado por sus características personales

How Super Skills for Life may help children to cope with the COVID-19: psychological impact and coping styles after the program / Cómo Super Skills puede ayudar a los niños a afrontar el COVID-19: Impacto psicológico y estilos de afrontamiento después de recibir el programa

As this is the first time that a pandemic has occurred in our recent history, preventive interventions for children ́s emotional problems during confinement were not planned. A main goal of Super Skills for Life Program (SSL) is to provide children with skills to build emotional resilience and coping strategies for daily and difficult life situations, so examining how the program may help children to face the COVID-19 situation could be appropriate. The aim of this research was to compare parents' perception of immediate psychological reactions to confinement and coping styles in children who received the SSL program before home confinement (n = 48) with an equivalent sample of children who did not attend the program (n = 48). Another objective was to study the relationship between children's immediate psychological reactions to confinement and their coping styles. Parents (n = 96) completed an online survey providing information on sociodemographic variables, children's immediate psychological reactions (anxiety/activation, mood, sleep, behavioral alterations, eating and cognitive alterations), and children's coping styles (task-oriented, emotion-oriented, and avoidance-oriented strategies). Results indicated that the control group presented more symptoms of anxiety (p ≤ .001), worse mood (p ≤ .001), more sleep problems (p ≤ .01), and more cognitive alterations (p ≤ .01) during home confinement than children who received the program. Children in the control group were also more likely to use emotion-oriented strategies (p = .001), which were associated with presenting more psychological alterations. Although the SSL program was not created specifically for coping with the COVID-19 situation, it seems to provide children with skills to cope with this unexpected event

Puesto que ésta es la primera vez que ocurre una pandemia en nuestra historia reciente, no ha sido posible planificar intervenciones para prevenir los problemas emocionales infantiles durante el confinamiento. Un objetivo principal del programa Super Skills for Life (SSL) es proporcionar a los niños habilidades para desarrollar resiliencia emocional y hacer frente a situaciones diarias y difíciles en su vida, por lo que parece interesante examinar cómo el programa podría ayudar a los niños a afrontar la situación del COVID-19. El objetivo de este estudio fue comparar el impacto psicológico durante el confinamiento y los estilos de afrontamiento de los niños que recibieron el programa SSL antes del confinamiento (n = 48), en comparación con una muestra equivalente de niños que no habían recibido el programa (n = 48). La información se obtuvo a través de los padres (n = 96), quienes respondieron a unos cuestionarios online sobre variables sociodemográficas, reacciones psicológicas de los niños (ansiedad/activación, estado de ánimo, sueño, alteraciones conductuales, cambios en la alimentación y alteraciones cognitivas) y estilos de afrontamiento (orientados a la tarea, a la emoción y a la evitación). Los resultados indicaron que durante el confinamiento el grupo control presentó más síntomas de ansiedad (p ≤ .001), peor estado de ánimo (p ≤ .001), más problemas de sueño (p ≤ .01) y más alteraciones cognitivas (p ≤ .01), que los niños que recibieron el programa. Los niños del grupo control también eran más propensos a utilizar estrategias orientadas a la emoción (p = .001), que se asociaron con más alteraciones psicológicas. Aunque el programa SSL no se creó específicamente para hacer frente a la situación del COVID-19, parece proporcionar a los niños habilidades para hacer frente a este evento inesperado

Our boss is a good boss!. Cross-level effects of transformational leadership on work engagement in service jobs / ¡Nuestro jefe es un buen jefe!. Los efectos transnivel del liderazgo transformacional sobre el engagement en el trabajo en puesto de servicio

In service work, emotional demands are important due to their effects on social interactions with customers, patients, pupils, etc. The purpose of this study is to examine how emotional demands and leadership are related to engagement of the team members. The sample consists of 1,079 employees nested in 124 work teams from four Spanish public organizations. Multilevel analyses showed: 1) a positive effect of emotional demands on work engagement, 2) a cross-level effect of leadership on work engagement, and 3) a cross-level moderation effect of leadership on the relationship between emotional demands and work engagement. Results suggest that shared perceptions of leadership by teams affect their work engagement levels directly and through an interaction effect on the emotional demands-engagement relationship. When employees feel emotionally overloaded, their leaders can relieve this negative impact on their levels of work engagement. Practical and theoretical implications are presented

En el trabajo de servicio, las demandas emocionales son importantes debido a sus efectos sobre las interacciones sociales con clientes, pacientes, alumnos, etc. El propósito de este estudio es examinar cómo se relacionan las demandas emocionales y el liderazgo con el engagement en el trabajo de los miembros del equipo. La muestra consiste en 1,079 empleados anidados en 124 equipos de trabajo de cuatro organizaciones públicas españolas. Los análisis multinivel mostraron: 1) un efecto positivo de las demandas emocionales sobre el engagement en el trabajo, 2) un efecto, a través de los niveles, del liderazgo sobre el engagement en el trabajo y 3) un efecto de moderación, a través de los niveles, del liderazgo sobre la relación entre las demandas emocionales y el engagement en el trabajo. Los resultados sugieren que las percepciones compartidas sobre el liderazgo que tiene el equipo afectan a sus niveles de engagement en el trabajo directamente y a través de un efecto de interacción sobre la relación demandas emocionales-engagement. Cuando los empleados se sienten emocionalmente sobrecargados, sus líderes pueden aliviar este impacto negativo en sus niveles de engagement en el trabajo. Se presentan implicaciones teóricas y prácticas

Adaptation of the accommodation among romantic couples scale (ARCS) to the spanish population / Adaptación de la Accommodation among Romantic Couples Scale (ARCS) a población española

BACKGROUND: The different conflict resolution strategies that couples use are crucial in preserving or ending their relationships. Despite the importance of these strategies, no instrument for measuring them has been adequately adapted to Spanish culture. The goal of this study is to adapt the Accommodation among Romantic Couples Scale to Spanish culture, filling this gap by providing a rigorous instrument to evaluate the construct. METHOD: A total of 489 participants from the general population responded to the instrument after adaptation. The scale's psychometric properties were then evaluated from a classical perspective. RESULTS: The indexes of fit from confirmatory factor analysis indicated good fit to the four-factor structure proposed by the authors of the original scale: voice, loyalty, exit, and neglect. The reliability of these dimensions was similar to that obtained in the original version. Evidence of validity relative to other variables indicated good convergent and discriminant validity. CONCLUSIONS: The Spanish version of the Accommodation among Romantic Couples Scale is a reliable instrument with sufficient valid evidence to provide accurate measurement of conflict resolution strategies in couple relationships

ANTECEDENTES: las diferentes estrategias de resolución de conflictos en la pareja son un aspecto fundamental en el mantenimiento o la ruptura de las relaciones. A pesar de su importancia, no existe un instrumento de medida adecuadamente adaptado a la cultura española. El objetivo de este estudio es realizar la adaptación al español de la Accommodation among Romantic Couples Scale (ARCS) con la finalidad de suplir dicha carencia y así contar con un instrumento adecuado para evaluar dicho constructo. MÉTODO: 489 participantes de población general respondieron al instrumento tras su adaptación. A continuación se evaluaron las propiedades psicométricas de la escala desde la perspectiva clásica. RESULTADOS: los índices de ajuste del análisis factorial confirmatorio indicaron un buen ajuste a la estructura tetrafactorial propuesta por los autores de la escala original: expresión, lealtad, huida y negligencia. La fiabilidad de dichas dimensiones fue similar a la obtenida en la versión original. Las evidencias de validez en relación con otras variables indicaron una adecuada validez tanto convergente como discriminante. CONCLUSIONES: la versión española de la Accommodation among Romantic Couples Scale es un instrumento fiable y con suficientes evidencias de validez para medir las estrategias de resolución de conflictos en la pareja de un modo adecuado

"Terapias complementares" nas emoções: uma perspetiva sociopoética / 'Complementary therapies' in the emotions: a sociopoetic perspective

The relevance of the theme using the "complementary therapies" (TC) in the management of emotions and your impact on mental health of nursing students, focuses on the realization of our professional practice, as teachers, in different types of school, in There, students of the last year of the course, feel uncomfortable, as the expression of their emotions and feelings, which leads to high levels of anxiety, anguish and panic. Aims: to identify the complementary therapies facilitators in managing emotions and evaluate your effectiveness on mental health of students. Methodology: qualitative research Paradigm, using the sociopóetica perspective. The sample consists of 42 students of the fourth year of the Degree course in nursing, perform the clinical education of Mental Health and Psychiatry. Were held "workshops" of production data. Complied with all ethical assumptions of the investigation, in accordance with the Helsinki Declaration. Results and discussion: The content analysis performed, resulting in the appointment of four "complementary therapies": guided imagination technique, body expression, therapeutic touch and music therapy. Conclusions: importance of this research to the education in nursing is the conception of that theory and clinical experience must be accompanied by educational strategies promoting TC in the management of emotions. To stress, students highlighted the use of music therapy as an asset in the expression of emotions and commented that the TC allow you to deal with emotions and promote your mental health over your career, personal and social

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Mentoring as a process that promotes emotional competence in nursing: perspectives of students and teachers of the undergraduate course / A mentoria como processo promotor da competência emocional em enfermagem: perspetivas de estudantes e professores do curso de licenciatura

Introduction: Mentoring programs, developed in a close relationship with students, allow for a better academic adaptation, promote the development of emotional and social competencies, and expand the network of academic and professional relationships. Aims: Characterize the emotional experiences of nursing students and understand the importance of mentoring in the process of integrating them in a Lisbon School. Methods: This is a cross-sectional, descriptive and correlational study, with a mixed approach. The emotional competencies survey was applied to 238 students, semi-structured interviews with 12 students and focus groups to 10 teachers. Results: Most students are female and attend the 1st and 2nd year. Female students are associated with a better perception and emotional expression. The student's adaptation to higher education is related to a greater ability to cope with emotions. Lastly, school performance influences the student's ability to manage emotions. As to the findings of the interviews, these revealed: precipitating factors of negative intensity emotional experiences; emotional experiences of negative intensity; emotional management strategies; And the function of mentoring in the development of emotional competence. In the focus groups we assessed that the teachers recognize the emotional experience faced by the students resulting from: events, experiences and academic difficulties that trigger emotions of negative load. The concept of mentoring and mentor are different, with requirements, diffi-culties and barriers to the implementation of the mentoring process. Conclusions: Mentoring is a process that influences both the coping of academic performance and the development of competence related to emotional management, acceptance and communication, which are fundamental for the nursing practice

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