Confianza y actitud tras un diagnóstico negativo de alergia a fármacos betalactámicos y/o AINE / Trust and attitude after a negative diagnosis for allergy to betalactam drugs and/or NSAIDs

Objetivo: determinar el grado de confianza en el diagnóstico de exclusión de alergia en pacientes con sospecha de hipersensibilidad a antibióticos betalactámicos y/o AINE. Adicionalmente se pretendía describir la actitud del paciente hacia la toma futura del fármaco que motivó el estudio.Método: se realizó un estudio descriptivo transversal. Se seleccionaron 103 pacientes mayores de 18 años, de ambos sexos y con un resultado negativo en las pruebas diagnósticas de alergia a betalactámicos y/o AINE. Los participantes fueron evaluados mediante un cuestionario heteroadministrado en la práctica clínica habitual de alergología.Resultados: el grado de confianza hacia la etiqueta previa de alergia fue moderado para antibióticos betalactámicos (6,4/10) y para AINE (6,1/10), elevado hacia el diagnóstico negativo de alergia (betalactámicos: 7,5/10; AINE: 7,9/10), y moderado con relación a la futura toma del fármaco estudiado, tras un diagnóstico negativo de alergia (betalactámicos: 6,7/10; AINE: 6,3/10). El grado de confianza hacia el diagnóstico de exclusión de alergia a betalactámicos o AINE aumenta con relación al conferido previamente por el de sospecha, en ambos fármacos (p= 0,01).Conclusiones: el grado de confianza de los pacientes en el diagnóstico de exclusión de alergia a fármacos betalactámicos y/o AINE es elevado. Sin embargo, la confianza para la toma futura del fármaco que motivó el estudio, tras un diagnóstico negativo de alergia, se reduce a moderada. Los profesionales de la salud deben proporcionar una educación sanitaria efectiva que resuelva las inseguridades hacia la realización de la prueba y refuerce la confianza del paciente para la toma futura del fármaco.(AU)

Objective: to determine the level of trust in the diagnosis excluding allergy in patients with suspected hypersensitivity to betalactam antibiotics and/or NSAIDs. Additionally, it was intended to describe the attitude of patients towards taking in the future the drug which motivated the study.Method: a descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted; 103 >18-year old patients were selected, of both genders and with a negative result in diagnostic tests for betalactam drugs and/or NSAIDs. Participants were evaluated through a heteroadministered questionnaire at their usual Allergology clinical practice.Results: the level of trust towards the previous allergy label was moderate for betalactam antibiotics (6.4/10) and for NSAIDs (6.1/10), high towards the negative diagnosis for allergy (betalactam drugs: 7.5/10; NSAIDs: 7.9/10), and moderate regarding taking in the future the drug under study, after a negative diagnosis for allergy (betalactam drugs: 6.7/10; NSAIDs: 6.3/10). The degree of trust towards the diagnosis excluding allergy to betalactam drugs or NSAIDs increased regarding the previous degree for suspected allergy, in both drugs (p= 0.01).Conclusions: there is a high degree of trust in patients regarding their diagnosis excluding allergy to betalactam drugs and/or NSAIDs. However, trust regarding taking in the future the drug which motivated the study, after a negative diagnosis of allergy, was reduced to moderate. Health professionals must provide effective health education that solves uncertainties in terms of conducting the test and reinforces trust by patients for taking the drug in the future.(AU)

¿Déficits motivacionales en la promoción de la salud pública? Elementos para la reflexión sobre religión y COVID-19 / Motivational deficits in the promotion of public health? A matter for reflection on religion and COVID-19

Este trabajo está encaminado a analizar si la religión cumple o no un papel relevante en la promoción de la salud y, con ello, si puede incluirse en las interpretaciones sobre el rol positivo de las religiones en la esfera pública. Al respecto, autores como Habermas aluden a una crisis de sentido en las sociedades seculares, desencadenada, entre otras razones, por modos de vida individualistas y egoístas que no logran incentivar la acción moral más allá de los límites del derecho. Parecería, por contraste, que los vínculos sociales fuertes de las comunidades religiosas sí propician actitudes solidarias, desinteresadas, que se traducirían en una mayor cohesión social; pero ¿es realmente así? La situación de pandemia y sus consecuencias sirven, precisamente, para evaluar si el elemento religioso (medido en creencia, pertenencia, vínculo y comportamiento) ha generado actitudes positivas ante los desafíos sanitarios (cumplimiento de las normas de distancia social, primero, y vacunación después) o, por el contrario, los déficits motivacionales de algunas sociedades tienen que ver con otros factores que escapan a la dicotomía religioso/secular.(AU)

The paper is aimed to analyze if religion plays a relevant role in health promotion and, thus, if it can be included in the interpretations on the positive role of religions in the public sphere. In this regard, Habermas refers to a crisis of meaning in secular societies that has been caused, among other reasons, by individualistic and selfish lifestyles that fail to encourage a moral action when it goes beyond the law. In contrast, it seems that the strong social ties of religious communities foster solidarity and altruistic attitudes, which could be interpreted as a sign of greater social cohesion; but is it really like that? Pandemic and its consequences help to assess whether the religious element (analyzed as belief, belonging, bonding and behavior) has created positive attitudes in the face of the health challenges (i.e., compliance with rules of social distance, vaccination) or, on the contrary, the motivational deficits of some societies have to do with other factors not related to the religious/secular dichotomy.(AU)

Hopelessness and Fighting Spirit Relation with Illness Perception in Breast Cancer Patients / Relación de la Desesperanza y el Espíritu de Lucha con la Percepción de Enfermedad en Pacientes con Cáncer de Mama

Objective: Breast cancer is related to numerous psychological challenges, so the way of coping with the illness and its consequences may influence the outcome of treatment. Also, while confronting the diagnosis individuals will use their own illness perception in order to evaluate the possibility of healing and that can affect different areas of their functioning. The aim was to examine the degree to which women with breast cancer perceived their illness as threatening, as well as to examine potential predictive power of illness perception on strategies of coping with illness (hopelessness and fighting spirit). Method: 102 patients (Mage = 58.64, SDage = 10.143), who were hospitalized at the Center for Oncology and Radiology, for treatment of previously diagnosed breast cancer (Mmonths= 19.07, SDmonths = 23.49), were included in the study. The instruments included sociodemographic questionnaire, medical records, Brief Illness Perception Questionnaire and the Mini-Mental Adjustment to Cancer scale. Results: Patients declared to use fighting spirit more than hopeless style of coping the illness. Model that included Illness perception, Metastasis and Treatment length predicted 16% of Fighting Spirit variance. Model that included Illness perception and Age predicted 39% of Hopelessness variance. Conclusion: Illness perception can predict the tendency to resort to hopelessness and there is a correlation between certain sociodemographic and clinical characteristics with hopelessness and fighting spirit coping styles (AU)

Objetivo: El cáncer de mama se asocia a una serie de cambios psicológicos, el modo de afrontamiento la enfermedad y sus consecuencias puede influir en el resultado del tratamiento. Además, al afrontar el diagnóstico las personas utilizarán su propia percepción de la enfermedad para evaluar la posibilidad de curación, lo que puede afectar diferentes aspectos de su funcionamiento. El objetivo del presente estudio es examinar el nivel en el que las mujeres con cáncer de mama perciben su enfermedad como amenaza, además de examinar el posible valor predictivo de la percepción de la enfermedad en las estrategias del afrontamiento con la enfermedad (desesperanza y espíritu de lucha). Método:102 pacientes (Medad = 58,64; SDedad= 10,143) incluídos en la investigación, todos internados en el Centros de Oncología y Radioradio, para tratamiento (Mmonths = 19,07, SDmonths = 23,49) del cáncer mamario previamente diagnosticado. Los instrumentos incluyeron un cuestionario sociográfico, registros médicos, El Cuestionario Breve de Percepción de la Enfermedad y La Escala-Mini de Ajuste Mental al Cáncer. Resultados: Las pacientes afirmaron que utilizan más el espíritu combativo que la desesperación para afrontar la enfermedad. El modelo que incluía la percepción de la enfermedad, metástasis y duración del tratamiento pronosticó 16% de la divergencia del Espíritu Combativo. El modelo que incluía la percepción de la enfermedad y la edad pronosticó 39% de la divergencia de la desesperación. Conclusión:La percepción de la enfermedad puede pronosticar la tendencia hacia la desesperación; además, existe la relación entre ciertas características sociodemográficas y clínicas y ciertos mecanismos de afrontar la enfermedad, como son la desesperación o el espíritu combativo (AU)

Actitudes y opiniones de la población adolescente sobre las recomendaciones de protección de la salud frente a la COVID-19 / Attitudes and opinions of adolescents on recommendations for health protection against COVID-19

Objetivo: determinar las opiniones y actitudes de los estudiantes de enseñanza secundaria sobre las medidas de prevención frente al virus SARS-CoV-2, así como analizar los factores asociados a una mejor actitud hacia ellas.Diseño: estudio descriptivo transversal.Emplazamiento: centros de enseñanza secundaria.Participantes: 1.886 adolescentes que cursaban enseñanza secundaria de quince institutos de cinco comunidades autónomas.Mediciones principales: mediante encuesta anónima autocumplimentada, se valoraron aspectos sociodemográficos, hábitos de salud (actividad física, consumo de alcohol y tabaco) y opiniones, percepciones y actitudes sobre las recomendaciones preventivas durante la pandemia de la COVID-19.Resultados: edad media: 13,8 años (desviación estándar [DE]:1,3). El 88,6% (intervalo de confianza [IC] 95%: 87,1-90,1) conocía las recomendaciones. El 43,4% (IC 95%: 41,2-45,7) cumplió todas las medidas durante el confinamiento y el 31,3% (IC 95%: 29,2-33,5) cumplió todas las medidas durante el resto de pandemia. La medida peor considerada fue el adelanto del cierre de establecimientos (36,1%), seguida del cierre entre ciudades (35%) y de evitar reuniones (26,6%). Mediante regresión logística, fueron variables asociadas de forma independiente a una mejor actitud hacia las medidas durante la pandemia: menor edad (odds ratio [OR]: 1,14), no consumir alcohol (OR: 2,11), conocer las recomendaciones (OR: 2,11) y creer que existirán consecuencias negativas para el país (OR: 1,48).Conclusiones: los jóvenes y las jóvenes mostraron una actitud positiva hacia las medidas frente a la COVID-19 y una mayoría las conocía. Cumplieron en gran medida las recomendaciones preventivas, aunque no en su totalidad, siendo superior su cumplimiento durante el confinamiento. La opinión sobre las medidas se relaciona con la edad, la actitud con el alcohol, el conocimiento de las medidas y las posibles consecuencias de la pandemia.(AU)

Objective: to determine the opinions and attitudes of secondary school students about prevention measures against the SARS-CoV-2 virus, as well as to analyze the factors associated with a better attitude towards them.Design: cross-sectional descriptive study.Site: cecondary schools.Participants: a total of 1886 adolescents in secondary education at fifteen secondary schools in five Autonomous Communities.Main measures: sociodemographic aspects, health habits (physical activity, alcohol and tobacco consumption) and opinions, perceptions and attitudes about the preventive recommendations to follow during the COVID-19 pandemic were evaluated by means of an anonymous self-completed survey.Results: mean age of 13.8 years (SD: 1.3). A total of 88.6% (95% CI: 87.1-90.1) were aware of the recommendations; 43.4% (95% CI: 41.2-45.7) complied with all the measures during confinement and 31.3% (95% CI: 29.2-33.5) during the rest of the pandemic. The worst considered measure was early closure of establishments (36.1%), followed by closure between cities (35%) and avoiding meetings (26.6%). Using logistic regression, variables independently associated with a better attitude towards the measures during the pandemic were: younger age (OR: 1.14), not consuming alcohol (OR: 2.11), familiarity with the recommendations (OR: 2.11) and the belief that there will be negative consequences for the country (OR: 1.48).Conclusions: young people showed a positive attitude towards the measures against COVID-19 and most were aware of them. By and large they complied with the preventive recommendations, although not in their entirety; compliance was higher during confinement. Opinion about the measures was related to age, attitude towards alcohol, knowledge of the measures and possible consequences of the pandemic.(AU)

Población veg(etari)ana argentina: Una aproximación a sus características sociodemográficas, estado nutricional y alimentación habitual / Argentinian veg(etari)ans: an approach to its socio-demographic characteristics, nutritional status and regular diet

Fundamentos: Las prácticas alimentarias veg(etari)anas son cada vez más frecuentes a nivel global y estimaciones recientes indican que 9% de la población de Argentina adhiere a las mismas. En esta investigación nos propusimos analizar características sociodemográficas, estado nutricional antropométrico y alimentación habitual de población ovo-lacto-vegetariana(OLV) y vegana (VGN) residente en los tres principales centros urbanos del país. Métodos: Para este estudio observacional, exploratorio y de corte transversal, se diseñó un cuestionario de encuesta que fue completado online por 282 personas. Para el análisis de datos se utilizó el programa estadístico STATA 14.0. Resultados: Los participantes presentan un peso dentro de los parámetros recomendados y llevan una dieta saludable, con mayor presencia de verduras, frutas, cereales integrales y pseudocereales, semillas y frutos secos entre la población VGN. No obstante, menos de un tercio cubre los requerimientos en cuanto al consumo diario de agua y, entre la población OLV, se observó un bajo uso de suplementos de vitamina B12. Conclusiones: Estos hallazgos coinciden con los de investigaciones desarrolladas previamente, a la vez que indican la necesidad de difundir las recomendaciones para este grupopoblacional que se encuentra en franco crecimiento tanto a nivel nacional como global. (AU)

Background: Veg(etari)an eating practices are increasingly frequent globally, and recent estimates indicate that9% of the Argentinian population adheres to such diets. In this research, we aimed to analyze sociodemographic characteristics, anthropometric nutritional status, and usual diet of ovo-lacto-vegetarian (OLV) and vegan (VGN) population of the three main urban centers of the country. Methods: For this observational, exploratory, cross-sectional study, a survey questionnaire was designed and completed online by 282 respondents. The statistical program STATA 14.0 was used for the analysis of data. Results: Participants present a weight within the recommended parameters and have a healthy diet, with a greater presence of vegetables, fruits, whole grains and pseudocereals, seeds and nuts among the VGN population. However, less than a third covers the requirements of daily water consumption, and a low use of vitamin B12 supplements was observed among the OLV population. Conclusions: These findings are in line with previous research and indicate the need to disseminate recommendationsfor this population group, which is growing rapidly both nationally and globally. (AU)

Public knowledge, beliefs, psychological responses, and behavioural changes during the outbreak of COVID-19 in the Middle East

Objective: To evaluate the knowledge, believes, psychological and behavioural impact of COVID-19 on the general population in the Middle East, exploring how it impacted public lives. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional online survey was sent to a convenience sample in the Middle East through social media (Facebook and WhatsApp) between 16th of June and 30th of June 2020. The questionnaire was designed to collect the demographic, participant’s source of information regarding COVID-19, knowledge and believes about COVID-19, the psychological consequences of COVID-19, impact of COVID-19 on participant’s behaviour. The final version of the questionnaire was further tested for content validity by experts in the field. Results: A total of 2,061 participants completed the survey, with the majority being females (n=1394, 67.6%), from urban areas (n=1896, 92%) and the majority were from countries of The Levant (n=1199, 58.1%), followed by the Arabian Peninsula (n=392, 19.1%), Iraq (n=300, 14.6%) and Egypt (n=138, 6.7%). Few participants (3.0%) reported to have been infected and many (n=1847, 89.6%) were committed to quarantine at home. Social media platforms were the most common sources of information (41.2%). Many (63%) believed that COVID-19 is a biological weapon and were afraid of visiting crowded places (85%). The majority avoided public facilities (86.9%) such as prayer places and believed that the news about COVID-19 made them anxious (49.5%) (AU)

The effects of maternal anxiety and attitudes on the adherence to inhaled corticosteroids in children with asthma

Objective: Long-term inhaled corticosteroid (ICS) use in children with asthma causes serious concerns in parents, leading to treatment non-adherence. This study aimed to investigate the effect of maternal anxiety and attitudes on adherence to ICS therapy in children with asthma. Method: The patient group included the children with mild to moderate persistent asthma, aged 6–11 years. Healthy children in a similar age range were included as a control group. The patient group was divided into two categories (treatment adherent and non-adherent) according to the regularity of ICS use. All patients were assessed with Childhood-Asthma Control Test (C-ACT), and their mothers were assessed using Parent Attitude Research Instrument (PARI) and Beck’s Anxiety Inventory (BAI). Results: A total of 156 children (age: 7.4 ± 1.4 years, F/M: 71/85) with persistent asthma and 60 healthy children (age: 7.5 ± 1.3 years, F/M:25/35) were included in the study. The rate of adherence in children with asthma was 52.6%. Mothers of non-adherent patients had significantly higher BAI scores than those of the adherent patients and controls (p < 0.001 and p < 0.001, respectively). The number of mothers who indicated that they did not have enough information about asthma and treatment was also higher in the non-adherent group. PARI subtest scores were not different between the adherent and non-adherent groups. Conclusions: In our study, it was found that mothers’ anxiety levels and their knowledge about asthma and medications were associated with treatment adherence in children with asthma. Psychological and educational support to the families of children with asthma would improve their treatment adherence and efficacy (AU)

Evolución del grado de conocimiento de la enfermedad en pacientes que han sufrido un ictus isquémico / Evolution of the degree of disease knowledge in subjects who have suffered an ischaemic stroke

INTRODUCCIÓN: La demora hasta la demanda de la atención médica en pacientes que sufren un episodio de enfermedad cerebrovascular (ECV) depende, en gran parte, del conocimiento que existe de la enfermedad. Pretendemos estudiar la evolución del conocimiento de los pacientes que ingresaron por un ictus isquémico. PACIENTES Y MÉTODOS: Se utilizó una entrevista estructurada para conocer el grado de conocimiento de la ECV (terminología, factores de riesgo, síntomas y actitud) de los pacientes ingresados por ictus isquémico sin trastorno del lenguaje ni alteración cognitiva en dos períodos de tiempo diferenciados: enero de 2011 y diciembre de 2013 (n = 295), y octubre de 2015 y diciembre de 2016 (n = 325). RESULTADOS: Se observó un mejor conocimiento de la enfermedad a lo largo del tiempo, tanto en el número de términos reconocidos ­–4,1 (desviación estándar: 2) frente a 4,8 (desviación estándar: 1,7); p < 0,001– como en el buen conocimiento de los síntomas (más de tres factores y menos de dos distractores) (56,6 frente a 69,8%; p < 0,001). La proporción de pacientes que llamaron directamente al 112 fue significativamente mayor (17,3 frente a 24,6%; p = 0,003), así como el reconocimiento del término ictus (51,9 frente a 74,5%; p < 0,001). No hubo diferencias en el grado de conocimiento de los factores de riesgo. La mejoría en el grado de conocimiento no se tradujo en una disminución en la demora entre el inicio de los síntomas y la llegada al hospital. CONCLUSIÓN: Pese a la mejoría en el conocimiento de la ECV, todavía se deben hacer esfuerzos para mejorar la actitud frente a la ECV y disminuir la demora hasta la llegada al hospital

INTRODUCTION: The delay in seeking medical care in patients who suffer a cerebrovascular disease (CVD) event depends, largely, on knowledge of the disease. Our aim is to study the evolution of the knowledge of patients admitted to hospital due to an ischaemic stroke. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A structured interview was used to determine the level of knowledge of CVD (terminology, risk factors, symptoms and attitude) of patients admitted due to an ischaemic stroke without language impairment or cognitive impairment in two distinct time periods: January 2011 and December 2013 (n = 295), and October 2015 and December 2016 (n = 325). RESULTS. Better knowledge of the disease was observed over time, both in the number of terms recognised 4.1 (standard deviation: 2) vs. 4.8 (standard deviation: 1.7); p < 0.001 and in a good knowledge of symptoms (more than three factors and less than two distractors) (56.6 vs. 69.8%; p < 0.001). The proportion of patients who called the emergency services directly was significantly higher (17.3 vs. 24.6%; p = 0.003), as was the recognition of the term stroke (51.9 vs. 74.5%; p < 0.001). There was no difference in the degree of knowledge of risk factors. Improvement in knowledge did not translate into a decrease in the delay between symptom onset and arrival at the hospital. CONCLUSION. Despite improved knowledge of CVD, further efforts still need to be made to improve attitudes towards CVD and reduce the delay prior to hospital arrival

Actitud de los pacientes con tumores cutáneos durante la pandemia de la COVID-19 / Attitudes of Patients With Skin Tumors During the COVID-19 Pandemic

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Sentirse vulnerable (o no): repensando la noción de grupo vulnerable / Feeling vulnerable (or not): rethinking the notion of vulnerable group

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Percepción de los usuarios de la farmacia comunitaria sobre la COVID-19 al final de la alarma y comparación con la situación al inicio / Community pharmacy users' perception of COVID-19 comparingthe beginning and ending situation of the lockdown

OBJETIVOS: evaluar la percepción de los usuarios de las farmacias sobre la repercusión de la COVID-19 en su salud al final del confinamiento y comparar los resultados con los obtenidos al inicio. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: estudio observacional transversal aleatorizado, en farmacias de Pontevedra y Ourense, del 10 al 25 de junio de 2020. SUJETOS: ≥ 18 años que acuden en demanda de medicamentos y/o material de protección. Procedimiento: el usuario cumplimentaba un cuestionario anónimo, depositándolo en una bandeja desinfectada diariamente. RESULTADOS: 839 encuestas. 492 (58,6 %) mujeres, edad media 54,6 (DE =1 7,4 años). 144 (17,2 %) viven solos. 771 (91,9 %) creen que la COVID-19 es más peligrosa que la gripe, 233 (27,7 %) desconocen estar en algún grupo de riesgo. 137 (16,4 %) dicen sentirse mal/muy mal con el aislamiento. Aspectos más afectados: familiar 429 (51,1 %) y emocional 377 (44,9 %). La afectación de los aspectos físico 210 (25,0 %) y laboral 183 (21,8 %) mejoraron significativamente en fase final. En 2020/21 piensan vacunarse de la gripe 376 (44,4 %), en 2019/20 lo hicieron 243 (34,4 %). 541 (64,5 %) se vacunarán frente a la COVID-19 cuando exista vacuna. Aumentan los que se vacunarán, aunque no esté financiada: 511 (60,9 %) / 280 (39,7 %). CONCLUSIONES: no ha variado significativamente la percepción sobre la peligrosidad de la COVID-19 y la repercusión en su salud. Los aspectos del bienestar más afectados siguen siendo el familiar y el emocional. Aumenta el número de los que se sintieron mal/muy mal con el confinamiento y el de mayores afectados por la soledad. Aumenta la intención de vacunarse del SARS-CoV-2, aunque no sea financiada

AIM: Assess the perception of pharmacy users about the impact of COVID-19 on their health at the end of confinement and compare the results with those obtained at the beginning. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Randomized cross-sectional observational study, in pharmacies in Pontevedra and Ourense, from 10 to 25 June 2020.Subjects: 18 years of age who come on demand for medicines and/or protective material. PROCEDURE: the user completed an anonymous questionnaire, depositing it in a daily dis-infected tray. RESULTS: 839 surveys. 492 (58,6%) women, an average age of 54.6 (DE-17.4) years. 144 (17,2%) they live alone. 771 (91,9%) COVID-19 is more dangerous than influenza, 233 (27.7%) they don't know how to be in some risk group. 137 (16,4%) say they feel bad/very bad with isolation. Most affected aspects: family 429 (51.1%) emotionally 377 (44.9%). Affecting physical aspects 210 (25.0%) 183 (21.8%) significantly improved in the final phase. In 2020/21 they plan to be vaccinated with influenza 376 (44.4%), in 2019/20 they did so 243 (34.4%). COVID-19 will be vaccinated when there is a vaccine. Those who will be vaccinated increase even if 511(60.9%)/280 (39.7%) is not funded. CONCLUSIONS: The perception of the danger of COVID-19 and the impact on its health has not changed significantly. The aspects of well-being that are most affected remain familiar and emotional. Increases the number of those who felt bad/very bad with confinement and that of adults affected by loneliness. It increases the intention to get vaccinated from SARS-CoV-2, even if it is not funded

Empatía, estilos de afrontamiento y actitudes hacia el consumo como factores de protección del consumo intensivo de alcohol y el policonsumo en la adolescencia / Empathy, coping styles and attitudes towards consumption as protective factors for heavy alcohol consumption and polydrug use in adolescence

Desde el enfoque del desarrollo positivo adolescente cobra especial importancia la promoción de recursos personales de protección frente a algunos riesgos como el consumo de drogas. El objetivo de este estudio fue analizar la influencia de la empatía, los estilos de afrontamiento y las actitudes hacia el consumo respecto al uso intensivo de alcohol y el policonsumo en 799 estudiantes. Los resultados del análisis de regresión revelaron que el afrontamiento improductivo predijo un mayor consumo intensivo de alcohol, mientras que la actitud de rechazo ante el ofrecimiento de alcohol y la actitud de admiración hacia personas no usuarias de drogas institucionalizadas se asociaron con un menor hábito de consumo. Con relación al policonsumo, tanto la empatía afectiva, como el afrontamiento activo, la actitud contraria y de rechazo al consumo de drogas, así como la actitud de admiración hacia personas no usuarias de drogas institucionalizadas predijeron un menor uso simultaneo de alcohol y cannabis. Estos hallazgos aportan nuevas evidencias que podrían ser de utilidad para orientar intervenciones promotoras de la salud a edades tempranas (AU)

From a positive youth development perspective, the promotion of personal protective resources against certain risks such as drug consumption is especially relevant. The objective of this study was to analyze the influence of empathy, coping styles, and attitudes related to consumption with respect to binge drinking and polyconsumption in a sample of 799 students. The results of a regression analysis revealed that unproductive coping predicted binge drinking, while attitudes such as turning down a drink and admiration of non-users of institutionalized drugs were associated with a lower consumption habit. As for polyconsumption, affective empathy, active coping, a negative attitude to, and the rejection of drug consumption, as well as the admiration of non-users of institutionalized drugs, predicted a lower simultaneous use of alcohol and cannabis. These findings offer new evidence that may be useful in guiding interventions to promote healthy habits at early ages (AU)

Actitudes terapéuticas hacia la esclerosis múltiple en Centroamérica y el Caribe frente a la pandemia de SARS-CoV-2 / Therapeutic attitudes towards multiple sclerosis in Central America and the Caribbean facing the SARS-CoV-2 pandemia

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Illness and disgust. Compensation strategies of patients and healthcare professionals

In this article, we carry out a review of disgust in healthcare contexts (healthcare staff and patients), a topic not studied enough yet. To this end, we first accomplish a brief presentation of disgust biological and socio-moral elements, which allow us to understand the role of disgust in patients' rejection of their own wounds and self-healing. Disgust can lead patients to refuse self-care treatments after surgery or refuse to carry out diagnostic tests. On the other hand, health professionals are not exempt from feeling disgust because they are in con-tact with factors that cause it, which may conflict with professional ethics and the duty of care. In addition, we present the preliminary results of a pilot study in which we show what causes dis-gust in doctors and nurses and how they deal with it. The results point to compensation strategies that could affect the quality of care. In this sense, it is necessary to highlight the differences between the factors that cause disgust, since on many occasions they are not due to the disease, but to the lack of hygiene on patient's side. In short, due to disgust, the patients could refuse to heal their wounds on their own and due to this same emotion doctors may feel discomfort in at-tending the patients

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Eficacia del Equipo de Cuidados Paliativos Pediátricos de Murcia según la experiencia de los padres / Efficacy of the Paediatrics Palliative Care Team of Murcia according to the experience of the parents

INTRODUCCIÓN: La atención al final de la vida de los niños debe ser sensible a las necesidades del niño y de su familia. Necesitamos entender la enfermedad desde la perspectiva de los padres que se enfrentan a la muerte de su hijo, para poder mejorar la calidad y guiar el desarrollo de la atención al final de la vida en Pediatría. MÉTODO: Estudio observacional retrospectivo a través de cuestionario, para evaluar las necesidades, experiencias y satisfacción con la atención recibida, de una muestra de padres que perdieron un hijo por una causa previsible, entre junio de 2014 y junio de 2017. Diferenciamos tres grupos de estudio en función del equipo responsable de la atención al final de la vida, y las diferencias entre el grupo atendido por el equipo de cuidados paliativos pediátricos, el grupo atendido por pediatras no paliativistas y el grupo neonatal, son analizadas. RESULTADOS: De las 80 familias elegibles, 64 pudieron ser contactadas y 28 (43,8%) finalmente completaron el cuestionario. Nuestro estudio muestra experiencias positivas y alta satisfacción de los padres con la atención recibida al final de la vida de su hijo. Las puntuaciones más altas tanto en experiencias como en satisfacción, fueron otorgadas por los padres de los niños atendidos por el equipo de cuidados paliativos pediátricos con diferencias estadísticamente significativas en apoyo a la familia, comunicación, toma de decisiones compartida y atención en torno a la muerte (p < 0,05). CONCLUSIONES: Los padres están satisfechos con la atención recibida al final de la vida de sus hijos, pero la intervención de un equipo específico de cuidados paliativos pediátricos mejora la calidad de la atención al final de la vida en pediatría

INTRODUCTION: The care at the end of children's lives must be sensitive to the needs of the child and their family. An understanding of the illness is required from the perspective of parents faced with the death of their child, in order to improve quality and guide the development of end-of-life care in Paediatrics. METHOD: A retrospective observational study was conducted between June 2014 and June 2017 using a questionnaire, to assess the needs, experiences, and satisfaction with the care received, from a sample of parents who lost a child due to a foreseeable cause. Three different study groups were formed based on the team responsible for end-of-life care, and an analysis was carried out on the differences between the group treated by the paediatric palliative care team, the roup attended by non-palliative paediatricians, and the neonatal group. RESULTS: Of the 80 eligible families, 64 could be contacted, and 28 (43.8%) finally completed the questionnaire. Our study shows positive experiences and high satisfaction of parents with the care received at the end of their child's life. The highest scores in experiences and satisfaction were given by the parents of the children served by the paediatric palliative care team, with statistically significant differences in family support, communication, shared decision making, and bereavement support (P < .05). CONCLUSIONS: Parents are satisfied with the care received at the end of their children's lives, but the intervention of a specific paediatric palliative care team improves the quality of care at the end of life in paediatrics

Relationship of perception with community attitudes about handling prehospital prevention of cervical injury risk in traffic accident patients in Watdek Village Maluku Tenggara

Accidents are the fourth cause of death, after heart disease, cancer and stroke, ±50 increases per year 100,000 population each year, 3% of the causes of death are due to direct spinal cord trauma, 2% due to multiple trauma. Attitudes or responses are very closely related to the handling of pre-hospital prevention of cervical injury in traffic accident patients because a positive response will affect the accuracy in handling pre-hospital prevention of cervical injury in traffic accident patients. This study aims to determine the relationship of perceptions with public attitudes about the handling of pre-hospital prevention of cervical injury in traffic accident patients in the village of Watdek, Southeast Maluku. The design of this study is a correlation with approach cross sectional. The sample size is 67 respondents. Sampling using simple random sampling, data collection using questionnaires and calculation processes using the test chi-square using SPSS 18.0 α 0.05 error. The results of this study showed that most 32 respondents had sufficient perceptions and 13 of them had negative attitudes in handling pre-hospitals cervical injury prevention and a small proportion of respondents (5 respondents) had good perceptions and positive attitudes. A good perception, especially in the pre-hospital treatment of cervical injury prevention in traffic accident patients will be intelligence, especially a positive response if you meet with an accidental community with the attitude that is in accordance with the first limping procedure in patients with cervical injury. So that the action can help patients before arriving at a health facility

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Cumplimiento previo de los objetivos recomendados de control lipídico para pacientes que ingresan por síndrome coronario agudo / Prior adherence to recommended lipid control targets in patients admitted for acute coronary syndrome

INTRODUCCIÓN Y OBJETIVOS: El control lipídico óptimo es difícil de conseguir. Se evalúa el cumplimiento previo de los objetivos de la Sociedad Europea de Cardiología para el control del colesterol unido a lipoproteínas de baja densidad (cLDL) de los pacientes que ingresaron por síndrome coronario agudo. MÉTODOS: Se midió el cLDL en ayunas de 3.164 pacientes ingresados entre 2010 y 2017 y se analizó la frecuencia de un control adecuado, con objetivos según el riesgo cardiovascular individual, y los predictores de control inadecuado. RESULTADOS: La mediana de cLDL fue 104 (80-130) mg/dl. La mayoría de los pacientes tenían un riesgo cardiovascular alto o muy alto y solo el 34,2% tenía un cLDL dentro del objetivo recomendado para su nivel de riesgo. Se apreció un pequeño aumento en la consecución de los objetivos de cLDL a lo largo del periodo estudiado. El control adecuado de cLDL se relacionó inversamente con el riesgo de los pacientes. La dislipemia, el tabaquismo, la diabetes mellitus o un índice de masa corporal ≥ 25 fueron predictores independientes de un control lipídico inadecuado, mientras que el tratamiento previo con estatinas se asoció con un control apropiado. CONCLUSIONES: Poco más de un tercio de los pacientes ingresados por síndrome coronario agudo tiene valores de cLDL al ingreso acordes con los objetivos recomendados. Hay un amplio campo de mejora en prevención primaria y secundaria, especialmente para los pacientes con exceso de peso u otros factores de riesgo cardiovascular

INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES: Optimal lipid control is difficult to attain. We assessed preadmission achievement of the European Society of Cardiology targets for low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) control in patients admitted for acute coronary syndrome. METHODS: Fasting LDL-C levels were measured in 3164 patients admitted between 2010 and 2017. We assessed the frequency of adequate LDL-C control, with targets defined according to individual cardiovascular risk, and the predictors of inadequate control. RESULTS: The median LDL-C value was 104 (80-130) mg/dL. Most patients had high or very high cardiovascular risk and only 34.2% had LDL-C levels below the recommended target for their estimated risk. Achievement of LDL-C goals increased moderately throughout the study period. Adequate LDL-C control was inversely associated with patient risk. Dyslipidemia, active smoking, diabetes mellitus, and body mass index ≥ 25 were independent predictors of inadequate lipid control, while ongoing statin therapy was associated with adequate control. CONCLUSIONS: Only slightly more than one third of patients admitted for acute coronary syndrome meet recommended LDL-C targets on admission. There is broad scope for improvement in primary and secondary prevention, especially among patients who are overweight or have other cardiovascular risk factors

La Salud Mental post COVID / No disponible

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From the shadows of death into the light of acceptance: A lived experience of patients with HIV-AIDS

HIV/AIDS is one of the feared diseases worldwide. It is a disease thoroughly studied yet still incurable in this modern era. Having acquired it is like being faced with the possibility of spending life in limbo-marked by the disease, excluded from the norms of society and an outcast to many. The study has aimed to capture how patients with HIV/AIDS struggled with living with the disease, the obstacle they had to overcome and how they were able to deal with the problems that they encountered after being diagnosed with such disease. A descriptive phenomenology utilizing a semi-structured face-to-face interview was used. Four key informants (KI) from Metro Manila shared their lived experiences unreservedly. Through Colaizzi's data analysis two major themes and five subthemes reflected the lived experiences of dying persons living with HIV/AIDS: (1) Scourging of the Pessimistic Spirits (a) fear is a dark room where negatives are developed, (b) a spirit crying for succor. (2) Rise of the Optimistic Spirit (a) burning bush in the darkness, (b) transformation in the midst of the battle for life (c) acceptance as transcending condition. In learning their HIV/AIDS diagnosis, the KI had to go through a series of steps in their lives to accommodate this major trial into their identity. They had to experience the psychological distress and the physical limitations caused by the disease before discovering that they do not have to live in fear and isolation. They were able to emerge from the darkness of negativity into the light of acceptance and hope and have used their experiences as a way to teach and support others who are in the same predicament as they were before. They have also learned to accept their imminent death as part of their life

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A descriptive study on the preferences of community members toward utilization of herbal medication compared to synthetic drugs in the National Capital Region, Philippines

The Philippine herbal drug industry has been increasing over the years with continued support from the government agencies such as the Department of Health (DOH) and from the different private sector. At present, the herbal market accounts for still only just 1% of the total drug trade. Urbanization in the different parts of the Philippines may also negatively impact the usage of herbal medication along with the increasing consumption of physician-prescribed synthetic drugs. This study aims to determine the preference of specific community members in the Philippines (NCR) toward the usage of herbal medications compared to synthetic drugs. A survey about preference toward herbal medications or synthetic drug was handed out to 50 members of communities in the surrounding cities of the National Capital Region. The study found out that only a small percentage of the respondent community members take herbal medications regularly, i.e., daily (12%), weekly (12%), monthly (2%). More respondents claimed they do not regularly take herbal medications, i.e., yearly (8%), less than once a year (28%), does not take (14%). Accessory information which the study sought includes the most commonly used herbal medication, age and gender preference, concurrent usage of herbal and synthetic drugs, frequency of consultation. The most common herbal medicines utilized by the sample community members are Lagundi (24%), Oregano (14%), and Sambong (14%), and the sample community members do not have adequate exposure to medical practitioners such as pharmacists regarding herbal medications (62%)

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