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1.
Rev. esp. sanid. penit ; 26(1): 9-17, Ene-Abr. 2024. tab
Artigo em Inglês, Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-231142

RESUMO

Objetivos: El cuestionario de agresión (AQ) de Buss-Perry (Buss-Perry Aggression Questionnaire; Buss y Perry, 1992) es una medida utilizada en la población en general. Existe un debate sobre la interpretación de las puntuaciones y la utilidad de una versión más breve (AQ-SV [short version]). El objetivo de este estudio es analizar y comparar las propiedades psicométricas de la versión larga (AQ-LV [long version]) y la breve y comprobar la fiabilidad de la versión breve en una muestra de varones encarcelados. Material y método: La muestra estaba formada por 236 varones encarcelados (edad media de 40,4 años) del Centro Penitenciario Ocaña I (Toledo), que se ofrecieron a participar en el estudio. La muestra se seleccionó mediante la técnica de muestreo aleatorio por niveles, basada en el número de reclusos internos. También se incluyó una lista aleatoria de posibles sustitutos en caso de negativa a ser entrevistados, interrumpiéndose la sustitución en caso de dos negaciones consecutivas. Este estudio es un diseño descriptivo transversal. Resultados: La versión breve de la escala demostró un mejor ajuste que la versión larga, como indican los valores mayores del índice de ajuste comparativo (CFI, comparative fit index) y los menores del cuadrado medio residual ponderado (WRMR, weighted root mean square residual). El número de penas de prisión se asoció positivamente con la agresión física, la agresión verbal, la ira y la hostilidad. Los coeficientes fueron ligeramente superiores para la versión breve que para la versión larga. Discusión: La versión breve del cuestionario AQ es un instrumento válido y de utilidad para medir la agresividad en contextos penitenciarios en relación con la versión larga, y se correlaciona con subescalas de agresión con más fuerza que la versión larga.(AU)


Objectives: The Buss-Perry Aggression Questionnaire (AQ; Buss & Perry, 1992) is a broad measurement tool used with the general public in Spain. There is some debate regarding the interpretation of AQ scores and the usefulness of a shorter version. The aim is to study and compare the psychometric properties of the long and short version of the AQ and check the reliability of the short version in a sample of male prisoners. Material and method: The sample was composed of 236 incarcerated males (mean age of 40.4 years of age) from Ocaña 1 prison center who volunteered to participate in the study. The sample was selected by using the tiered random sampling technique based on the internal inmate number. A random list of possible substitutes was also included in the event of refusal to be interviewed, with replacement being discontinued in the event of two consecutive refusals. This study is a descriptive cross-sectional design. Results: The short version of the scale demonstrated better adjustment than the long version, as indicated by the larger CFI and smaller WRMR values. The number of prison sentences was positively associated with physical aggression, verbal aggression, anger, and hostility. The coefficients were slightly higher for the short version of the scale than the long one. Discussion: The short version of the AQ is a valid instrument for measuring aggressiveness in prison contexts in relation to the long version, and correlates with subscales of aggression more strongly than the long one.(AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Adulto , Prisioneiros , Agressão/classificação , Psicometria , Violência , Comportamento , Comportamento Perigoso , Espanha , Prisões , Inquéritos e Questionários
2.
Psicol. conduct ; 32(1): 5-40, Abr 1, 2024. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-232220

RESUMO

El diagnóstico categorial de los trastornos de la personalidad (TTPP) ha sido criticado por diversas razones, entras las que se encuentran el solapamiento de síntomas entre distintos trastornos, su elevada comorbilidad o el carácter dicotómico de su diagnóstico. Estas críticas han llevado al desarrollo de un planteamiento dimensional en las últimas versiones de los sistemas de clasificación, DSM-5/DSM-5-TR y CIE-11, considerando dos aspectos: el funcionamiento de la personalidad y una serie de rasgos patológicos. A pesar de la cuantiosa literatura publicada desde principio de este siglo sobre esta propuesta dimensional, no está claro, a día de hoy, que tenga alguna utilidad clínica. La vaga, abstracta y poco operativizable exposición de lo que constituye el funcionamiento de la personalidad y la compleja y forzada designación de rasgos mayores y menores (facetas) en el DSM-5/DSM-5-TR o sólo mayores y opcionales en la CIE-11, complican el diagnóstico dimensional de los TTPP. En este trabajo se discuten todas estas cuestiones en un intento de aportar algo de luz para un futuro menos sombrío que el actual panorama de los TTPP.(AU)


The categorical diagnosis of personality disorders (PDs) has been criticized forvarious reasons, among which are overlapping of symptoms between differentdisorders, their high comorbidity, and the dichotomous nature of their diagnosis.These criticisms have led to the development of a dimensional approach in thelatest versions of the classification systems, DSM-5/DSM-5-TR and ICD-11,considering two substantial aspects for its new diagnosis: personality functioning,and a series of pathological features. Despite the large amount of literature thathas been published since the beginning of this century on this dimensionalproposal, it is not clear, to date, that this approach enhances clinical utility. Thevague, abstract, and inoperative exposition of what constitutes personalityfunctioning and the complex and forced designation of major and minor traits(facets) in the DSM-5/DSM-5-TR, and only major and optional traits in the ICD-11,complicate, in an unusual way, the dimensional diagnosis of PDs. This paperdiscusses all of these issues in an attempt to shed some light on the potentially darkfuture of the current PDs panorama.(AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Transtornos da Personalidade/classificação , Transtornos da Personalidade/diagnóstico , Comportamento , Psicologia , Manual Diagnóstico e Estatístico de Transtornos Mentais , Classificação Internacional de Doenças
3.
Psicol. conduct ; 32(1): 41-63, Abr 1, 2024. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-232221

RESUMO

Hay un creciente interés por entender los trastornos de la personalidad (TTPP) desde el modelo de los cinco factores. Miller et al. (2005) y Costa y McCrae (2005) propusieron dos conjuntos de escalas basadas en las facetas del “Inventario de personalidad NEO-revisado” (NEO PI-R) para evaluar los TTPP del DSM-5. Existen baremos españoles para las escalas de Miller et al. (2005) a partir de muestras de selección de personal, pero no son apropiados en contextos con deseabilidad social baja. Se presentan datos normativos, de fiabilidad y validez convergente/ discriminante para ambos conjuntos de escalas con voluntarios de la población general española (N= 682). Los índices de consistencia interna y validez convergente/ discriminante fueron excelentes o buenos para todas las escalas, especialmente para las de Miller et al. (2005). Las diferencias entre la muestra de voluntarios y de selección de personal (d= 0,61) y entre varones y mujeres (d= 0,34-0,38) justifican el desarrollo de baremos para los dos conjuntos de escalas de TTPP para situaciones de deseabilidad social baja y separados por sexo. Se discute su utilidad en diferentes contextos.(AU)


There is increasing interest in understanding personality disorders (PDs) fromthe five-factor model. Miller et al. (2005) and Costa and McCrae (2005) proposedtwo sets of scales based on the NEO Personality Inventory-Revised (NEO PI-R) facetsto assess DSM-5 PDs. There are Spanish norms for the scales of Miller et al. (2005)based on personnel selection samples, but they are not appropriate for contextswith low social desirability. Normative, reliability, and convergent/discriminantvalidity data are presented for both sets of scales with volunteers from the generalSpanish population (N= 682). The internal consistency and convergent/discriminantvalidity indices were excellent or good for all scales, especially for those of Miller etal. (2005). The differences between the sample of volunteers and that of personnelselection (d= 0.61) and between males and females (d= 0.34-0.38) justify the development of norms for the two sets of PD scales for situations of low socialdesirability and separate for males and females. Their usefulness in differentcontexts is discussed.(AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Transtornos da Personalidade/classificação , Transtornos da Personalidade/diagnóstico , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , Escala de Avaliação Comportamental , Manual Diagnóstico e Estatístico de Transtornos Mentais , Espanha , Psicologia , Comportamento , Inquéritos e Questionários
4.
Psicol. conduct ; 32(1): 65-87, Abr 1, 2024. tab, graf
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-232222

RESUMO

Este artículo presenta dos estudios que evalúan la validez de constructo y la fiabilidad del “Cuestionario de esquemas desadaptativos tempranos de Young – versión breve” (YSQ-S3; Young, 2005). El primer estudio, con 1004 participantes, mostró que el YSQ-S3 tenía una excelente fiabilidad global ( de Cronbach= 0,97;  = 0,97); mientras que los factores mostraron una fiabilidad de aceptable a buena según el rango en que se ubicaron los coeficientes de fiabilidad mínimo y máximo de las 18 escalas ( de 0,67 a 0,89 y  de 0,67 a 0,86). El análisis factorial confirmatorio (AFC) mostró que el modelo de 18 factores de primer orden correlacionados tenía los mejores índices de ajuste. Además, mediante el AFC con factores de segundo orden, se halló evidencia que respalda la organización jerárquica del instrumento en cinco dominios de segundo orden. El estudio 2, con 806 participantes, replicó exitosamente el mejor modelo del estudio 1 frente a uno alternativo. Se concluye que el YSQ-S3 es un instrumento válido y fiable para la población adulta colombiana.(AU)


This article presents two studies evaluating the construct validity andreliability of the "Young's Early Maladaptive Schema Questionnaire - ShortVersion" (YSQ-S3; Young, 2005). The first study, with 1004 participants, showedthat the YSQ-S3 had excellent overall reliability according (Cronbach’s α= .97; ω=.97); while the factors showed acceptable to good reliability according to therange in which the minimum and maximum reliability coefficients of the 18 scaleswere placed (α from .67 to .89 , and ω from .67 to .86) . Confirmatory factoranalysis (CFA) showed that the model with 18 first-order correlated factors had he best fit indices. In addition, using CFA with second-order factors, evidencewas found to support the hierarchical organization of the instrument into fivesecond-order domains. Study 2, with 806 participants, successfully replicated thebest model of study 1 against an alternative one. It is concluded that the YSQ-S3is a valid and reliable instrument for the Colombian adult population.K EY WORDS : factor structure, validity, reliability, early maladaptive schemas.(AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Psicometria , Transtornos da Personalidade , Psicologia , Comportamento , Colômbia , Inquéritos e Questionários
5.
Psicol. conduct ; 32(1): 111-123, Abr 1, 2024. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-232224

RESUMO

Diversos estudios demuestran que la dependencia emocional es un problema relevante por sus consecuencias en todos los ámbitos de la vida. Los esquemas cognitivos tempranos y las dificultades en la regulación emocional son unos de los factores implicados en su etiología. El objetivo del presente estudio fue analizar la relación entre estas variables, hipotetizando que las dificultades en la regulación emocional median la relación entre los esquemas disfuncionales tempranos y la dependencia emocional. Participaron 711 españoles jóvenes, de entre 18 y 30 años, con una edad media de 21,32 años (DT= 2,94). Los resultados mostraron una correlación positiva entre las tres variables y que las dificultades en la regulación emocional mediaban la relación entre los esquemas disfuncionales tempranos y la dependencia emocional en el caso del Abandono, la Dependencia, la Subyugación, la Inhibición emocional, el Autocontrol insuficiente, la Defectuosidad y el Autosacrificio. Este estudio muestra cómo se pueden relacionar estas variables y proporciona información útil para ayudar a las personas con dependencia emocional.(AU)


Several studies show that emotional dependence is a relevant problembecause of its consequences in all areas of life. Early cognitive schemas anddifficulties in emotional regulation are some of the factors involved in itsaetiology. The aims of the present study were to analyse the relationship betweenthese variables, hypothesising that difficulties in emotional regulation mediate therelationship between early dysfunctional schemas and emotional dependence.The sample consisted of 711 young Spanish participants aged between 18-30years, with an average age of 21.32 years (SD= 2.94). The results showed apositive correlation between the three variables and that difficulties in emotionalregulation mediated the relationship between early dysfunctional schemas and emotional dependence in the case of Abandonment, Dependence, Subjugation,Emotional inhibition, Insufficient self-control, Defectiveness and Self-sacrifice. Thisstudy gives us a clearer picture of how these variables are related and providesinformation that could be of great use in assisting people with emotionaldependence.(AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adolescente , Adulto Jovem , Comportamento do Adolescente , Espanha , Psicologia , Comportamento
6.
Psicol. conduct ; 32(1): 165-180, Abr 1, 2024. tab
Artigo em Inglês | IBECS | ID: ibc-232227

RESUMO

El temperamento difícil es un conjunto de características conductuales asociadas a la salud mental y un predictor significativo de psicopatología. El objetivo de este estudio era investigar qué características temperamentales pueden considerarse atributos del temperamento difícil en adultos lituanos. La muestra consistió en 429 adultos de entre 18 y 79 años de edad. Se utilizó el “Cuestionario de temperamento adulto” para evaluar las características temperamentales y el temperamento difícil percibido. Los datos se analizaron mediante un enfoque de métodos mixtos. Los resultados mostraron que el conjunto de atributos percibidos como constitutivos del temperamento difícil incluye características como el estado de ánimo negativo, la intensidad de las reacciones emocionales, la baja adaptabilidad, el retraimiento y la baja regularidad. El análisis de los datos cuantitativos reveló una inesperada relación negativa entre el temperamento difícil percibido y la característica de ritmicidad, mientras que en los datos cualitativos surgió una nueva categoría de terquedad. Estos hallazgos aportan nuevos conocimientos tanto sobre las especificidades culturales del temperamento difícil como sobre el contenido del constructo temperamento en general. Estos resultados también pueden ayudar en el desarrollo de nuevas investigaciones sobre el temperamento difícil, así como en la planificación de intervenciones de salud mental y asesoramiento psicológico.(AU)


Difficult temperament is a set of behavioral characteristics that areassociated with mental health and a significant predictor of psychopathology.This study aims to investigate which temperamental characteristics can beconsidered attributes of difficult temperament in Lithuanian adults. The sampleconsisted of 429 adults between 18 and 79 years of age. The Adult TemperamentQuestionnaire was used to assess temperamental characteristics and perceiveddifficult temperament. Data were analyzed using a mixed-methods approach. Theresults revealed that the set of attributes perceived as constituting difficulttemperament includes characteristics such as negative mood, intensity ofemotional reactions, low adaptability, withdrawal, and low regularity.Quantitative data analysis uncovered an unexpected negative relationshipbetween perceived difficult temperament and the rhythmicity characteristic, whilea new category of stubbornness emerged in the qualitative data. The findingsprovide new knowledge about both the cultural specifics of difficult temperamentand the content of the temperament construct in general. These results can alsoaid in the development of further research on difficult temperament, as well as inthe planning of mental health interventions and psychological counseling.(AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adulto Jovem , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Idoso , Comportamento , Temperamento , Temperamento/classificação , Saúde Mental , Psicopatologia
7.
Pap. psicol ; 45(1): 1-10, Ene-Abr, 2024. graf
Artigo em Inglês, Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-229710

RESUMO

En fechas recientes, el Secretario General de Naciones Unidas, António Guterres, presentaba una nota técnica sobre ciencias del comportamiento (United Nations, 2021) y su aplicación por parte de distintas organizaciones de Naciones Unidas, para lograr cubrir los Objetivos de Desarrollo Sostenibles 2030. Asimismo, otras organizaciones de ámbito supranacional están también creando o bien unidades propias de «análisis y diseño del comportamiento» o bien liderando iniciativas específicas. Hasta la fecha, no se ha analizado la estructura de este tipo de unidades. El objetivo de nuestro trabajo es conocer, a través de un estudio observacional de sus sitios web, tanto la estructura de las unidades de análisis de determinantes del comportamiento de organizaciones supranacionales como su composición, así como los principales tipos de proyectos que llevan a cabo y las implicaciones y oportunidades que representan para los profesionales de la psicología.(AU)


Recently, the United Nations Secretary-General, António Guterres, presented a technical note on behavioral science (United Nations, 2021) and its application by different UN organizations, in order to achieve the 2030 Sustainable Development Goals. Other supranational organizations are also setting up their own «behavioral analysis and design units» or leading specific initiatives. So far, the structure of such behavioral analysis units has not been examined. The aim of our work is to find out, through an observational study of their websites, both the structure and composition of the behavior design and analysis units of supranational organizations, as well as the main types of projects they carry out and the opportunities and implications created for psychology professionals.(AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Organizações , Comportamento , Análise do Comportamento Aplicada , Psicologia
9.
Int. j. clin. health psychol. (Internet) ; 24(1): [100423], Ene-Mar, 2024. ilus
Artigo em Inglês | IBECS | ID: ibc-230362

RESUMO

Background/objective: A neurocognitive model of distancing has systematically identified a set of brain regions that support the control mechanisms for emotion regulation (ER). However, the temporal dynamics of these control mechanisms during ER remains unclear. Method: To address this issue, we recorded behavioral and electroencephalogram (EEG) data to compare proactive and reactive ER modes in an adapted ER task (N = 30 adults). In different ER modes, participants were instructed to downregulate their negative emotional experiences by applying the reappraisal tactic of distancing. Results: The behavioral results showed that proactive ER, which involves preparing for the upcoming regulation, reduced the negative emotional experience more than reactive ER, which involves no preparation process, in the reappraisal-negative condition. This indicated that proactive ER was more effective than reactive ER in regulating negative emotions. Event-related potential (ERP) and multivariate pattern analysis (MVPA) results showed that ER through distancing involved two phases: First, the reappraisal cue enhanced the allocation of attention to activate the mental building blocks and constructed a new perspective in the preparation process. Second, participants who benefited from the preparation process initiated the ER earlier and adaptively re-engaged in the ER if time permitted. Conclusions: Taken together, the control mechanisms underlying the preparation process influence the timing of ER, while the control mechanisms underlying the regulation process determine the regulatory effect.(AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Comportamento , Eletroencefalografia , Potenciais Evocados , Psicologia , Psicologia Clínica
10.
Gac. sanit. (Barc., Ed. impr.) ; 38: [102371], 2024. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-231288

RESUMO

Objetivo: Analizar las percepciones y experiencias de la población joven en España sobre la violencia sexual (VS), sus posibles causas, víctimas y perpetradores. Método: Estudio cualitativo basado en entrevistas semiestructuradas a 22 jóvenes de entre 18 y 24 años. Se llevó a cabo un análisis del contenido cualitativo. Resultados: En las narrativas juveniles destacan la indefinición y la inconcreción sobre lo que es la VS, excepto cuando mencionan la violación, la falta de consentimiento y el uso de la fuerza en las relaciones sexuales. Las chicas, interpeladas como principales víctimas, aportan una visión más amplia y vinculada a las desigualdades de género. En general, predomina la idea de que la VS es perpetrada por hombres contra mujeres en relaciones heterosexuales dentro y fuera de la pareja. En las explicaciones, conviven las referencias a factores tanto contextuales (ligados a las desigualdades de género y la construcción social de las relaciones sexuales) como conductuales (que incluyen el visionado de pornografía). También emergen algunas estrategias relacionadas con la educación sexual y afectiva. Conclusiones: En las percepciones de las personas jóvenes participantes en este estudio parecen convivir la ambigüedad con referencias explícitas a las diferentes formas en las que se manifiesta la VS y la influencia de las desigualdades de género. El sexo y la experiencia vital parecen influir en estas narrativas. Se requiere el fomento de una perspectiva más crítica sobre la construcción social de la VS y las relaciones íntimas en la población joven.(AU)


Objective: To analyse the perceptions and experiences of young people in Spain about sexual violence (SV), its possible causes, victims and perpetrators.Method: Qualitative study based on semi-structured interviews with 22 young people between 18 and 24 years old. A qualitative content analysis was carried out. Results: In the juvenile narratives, the lack of definition and accuracy about what SV is stands out, except for mentioning rape, lack of consent and use of force in sexual relations. The girls, self-perceived as the main victims, also break with these narratives by providing a broader vision and gender inequalities related. In general, the most prevailed idea is that VS is perpetrated by men against women in heterosexual relationships inside and outside the couple. Regarding explanations, references coexist to both contextual factors (linked to gender inequalities and the social construction of sexual relationships) and behavioural factors (which includes the viewing of pornography). Tentatively proposals for improvement related to sexual and affective education emerge. Conclusions: In the perceptions of the young people, ambiguity seems to coexist with explicit references to the different ways in which it manifests itself and the influence of gender inequalities. Sex and life experience appear to influence these narratives. It is necessary to promote a more critical perspective on the social construction of SV and intimate relationships in the young population.(AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adulto Jovem , Violência/classificação , Comportamento , Delitos Sexuais , Percepção , Violência contra a Mulher , Espanha , Inquéritos e Questionários , Pesquisa Qualitativa
11.
Int. j. clin. health psychol. (Internet) ; 23(4)oct.-dic. 2023. tab, graf, ilus
Artigo em Inglês | IBECS | ID: ibc-226372

RESUMO

Hypomanic personality manifests a close link with several psychiatric disorders and its abnormality is a risk indicator for developing bipolar disorders. We systematically investigated the potential neuroanatomical and functional substrates underlying hypomanic personality trait (HPT) and its sub-dimensions (i.e., Social Vitality, Mood Volatility, and Excitement) combined with structural and functional imaging data as well as their corresponding brain networks in a large non-clinical sample across two studies (n = 464). Behaviorally, HPT, specifically Mood Volatility and Excitement, was positively associated with aggressive behaviors in both studies. Structurally, sex-specific morphological characteristics were further observed in the motor and top-down control networks especially for Mood Volatility, although HPT was generally positively associated with grey matter volumes (GMVs) in the prefrontal, temporal, visual, and limbic systems. Functionally, brain activations related to immediate or delayed losses were found to predict individual variability in HPT, specifically Social Vitality and Excitement, on the motor and prefrontal-parietal cortices. Topologically, connectome-based prediction model analysis further revealed the predictive role of individual-level morphological and resting-state functional connectivity on HPT and its sub-dimensions, although it did not reveal any links with general brain topological properties. GMVs in the temporal, limbic (e.g., amygdala), and visual cortices mediated the effects of HPT on behavioral aggression. These findings suggest that the imbalance between motor and control circuits may be critical for HPT and provide novel insights into the neuroanatomical, functional, and topological mechanisms underlying the specific temperament and its impacts on aggression. (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Agressão , Transtornos da Personalidade , Comportamento , Testes de Personalidade , Inquéritos e Questionários , Conectoma
12.
Int. j. clin. health psychol. (Internet) ; 23(4)oct.-dic. 2023. ilus, graf, tab
Artigo em Inglês | IBECS | ID: ibc-226385

RESUMO

The ability to recognize others’ facial emotions has become increasingly important after the COVID-19 pandemic, which causes stressful situations in emotion regulation. Considering the importance of emotion in maintaining a social life, emotion knowledge to perceive and label emotions of oneself and others requires an understanding of affective dimensions, such as emotional valence and emotional arousal. However, limited information is available about whether the behavioral representation of affective dimensions is similar to their neural representation. To explore the relationship between the brain and behavior in the representational geometries of affective dimensions, we constructed a behavioral paradigm in which emotional faces were categorized into geometric spaces along the valence, arousal, and valence and arousal dimensions. Moreover, we compared such representations to neural representations of the faces acquired by functional magnetic resonance imaging. We found that affective dimensions were similarly represented in the behavior and brain. Specifically, behavioral and neural representations of valence were less similar to those of arousal. We also found that valence was represented in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, frontal eye fields, precuneus, and early visual cortex, whereas arousal was represented in the cingulate gyrus, middle frontal gyrus, orbitofrontal cortex, fusiform gyrus, and early visual cortex. In conclusion, the current study suggests that dimensional emotions are similarly represented in the behavior and brain and are presented with differential topographical organizations in the brain. (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adulto Jovem , Adulto , Emoções , Expressão Facial , Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética , Comportamento , Cérebro/anatomia & histologia , Rede Nervosa
13.
Cuad. psicol. deporte ; 23(3)sep.-dic. 2023. tab
Artigo em Português | IBECS | ID: ibc-225487

RESUMO

O presente estudo teve como objetivo o desenvolvimento e a validação de um sistema de observação, dos comportamentos de feedback do instrutor de fitness em aulas de grupo de fitness, assim como realizar uma aplicação piloto do mesmo. Durante o processo de validação e desenvolvimento foram consideradas cinco fases sequenciais. Para testar a funcionalidade do instrumento, foi realizada uma aplicação piloto do mesmo numa amostra de 12 instrutoras de quatro atividades diferentes (step, indoor cycling, localizada e hidroginástica), tendo sido estabelecida a validade e fiabilidade de 11 dimensões e 45 categorias. Os resultados indicam que o comportamento de feedback dos instrutores, em aulas de grupo, pode ser codificado com recurso a este instrumento. Concluiu-se que o SOFIF-AGF mapeia aspetos fundamentais do comportamento de feedback de instrutores de fitness em aulas de grupo e, como tal, pode ser utilizado para estudar aspetos relevantesno âmbito do comportamento de feedback em diferentes atividades de grupo no contexto do fitness. (AU)


El presente estudio tuvo como objetivo desarrollar y validar un sistema de observación, de los comportamientos de feedback del instructor de fitness en clases colectivas de fitness, así como realizar una aplicación piloto del mismo. Durante el proceso de validación y desarrollo se consideraron cinco fases secuenciales. Para probar la funcionalidad del instrumento, se realizó una aplicación piloto del instrumento en una muestra de 12 instructores de quatro actividades diferentes (step, ciclismo indoor, localizada y ejercicio acuático, habiéndose establecido la validez y confiabilidad de 11 dimensiones y 45 categorías. Los resultados indican que el comportamiento de feedback de los instructores, en clases colectivas, puede codificarse utilizando este instrumento. Se concluyó que SOFIF-AGF mapea aspectos fundamentales del comportamiento de feedback de instructores de fitness en clases colectivas y, como tal, puede ser utilizado para estudiar aspectos relevantes en el contexto del comportamiento de feedback en diferentes actividades colectivas en el contexto del fitness. (AU)


The purpose of this study was the development and validation of an observational system instrument that allows the observation of the feedback instructors’ behaviors in group fitness classes, namely SOFIF-AGF. To test the instrument functionality, a pilot application of the SOFIF-AGF was made to a sample of 12 instructors of four different group fitness classes (step, indoor cycling, group resistance training, and aquafitness). It was verified that the SOFIF-AGF, composed of 11 dimensions and 45 categories, had reliability and validity. The results indicated that the feedback instructors’ behaviors, in group fitness classes, could be codified using this instrument. With SOFIF-AGF, fundamental aspects of the feedback instructors’ behaviors in group fitness classes can bemapped and can be used to study relevant features of feedback instructors’ behavior in different group fitness activities. (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Retroalimentação , Exercício Físico , Comportamento , Esportes
14.
Cuad. psicol. deporte ; 23(3)sep.-dic. 2023. tab, ilus
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-225492

RESUMO

El análisis de las interacciones que se producen entre jugadores de un equipo de fútbol durante una competición tiene una gran importancia ya que del resultado de las mismas se alcanzan los resultados de los encuentros. Unas interacciones que a priori parecen ser fruto de la casualidad, pero se ha demostrado que no son el resultado del azar. La capacidad de anticiparse y/o estar preparado a estos comportamientos del adversario, aumentará las posibilidades de éxito. Por ello se ha establecido un doble objetivo de estudio; identificar mediante análisis de coordenadas polares las relaciones y vínculos que se establecen entre los jugadores que componen la línea de medios, centrocampistas, del equipo campeón de la Supercopa de España 2020, el Real Madrid CF entre sí. Así como identificar las sinergias que se producen entre esta línea de jugadores, en su conjunto, con las diferentes líneas que conforman la estructura táctica del equipo. Para ello se ha hecho uso de un instrumento de observación contrastado para la recogida de datos los cuales se trataron, posteriormente, mediante el análisis de coordenadas polares. En ellos se constata que la línea de medios, en referencia a las relaciones inter-líneas, manifiesta una desconexión de la línea de medios con la defensa y portero, y se relaciona consigo misma de forma significativa, aunque no con la misma intensidad en todos sus miembros (relaciones intra-línea). (AU)


The analysis of the interactions that occur between players of a soccer team during a competition is of great importance since the results of the matches are obtained from the results of the same. Some interactions that a priori seem to be the result of chance, but it has been shown that they are not the result of chance. The ability to anticipate and/or be prepared for these adversary behaviors will increase the chances of success. For this reason, a double objective of study has been established; To identify, through analysis of polar coordinates, the relationships and links that are established between the players that make up the midfielder line, midfielders, the champion team of the 2020 Spanish Super Cup, Real Madrid CF and each other. As well as identifying the synergies that occur between this line of players, as a whole, with the different lines that make up the tactical structure of the team.For this purpose, a contrasted observation instrument has been used to collect data, which were subsequently treated by means of the analysis of polar coordinates. They show that the midfield line, in reference to inter-line relationships, shows a disconnection between the midfield line and the defense and goalkeeper, and is significantly related to itself, although not with the same intensity in all of them (intra-line relationships. (AU)


A análise das interações que ocorrem entre jogadores de umtime de futebol durante uma competição é de grande importância uma vez que os resultados das partidas são obtidos a partir dos resultados das mesmas. Algumas interações que a priori parecem ser fruto do acaso, mas foi demonstrado que não são fruto do acaso. A capacidade de antecipar e/ou estar preparado para esses comportamentos adversários aumentará as chances de sucesso. Por isso, estabeleceu-se um duplo objetivo de estudo; Identificar, através da análise de coordenadas polares, as relações e ligações que se estabelecem entre os jogadores que compõem a linha de médios, os médios, a equipa campeã da Supertaça de Espanha 2020, o Real Madrid CF e entre si. Assim como identificar as sinergias que ocorrem entre esta linha de jogadores, como um todo, com as diferentes linhas que compõem a estrutura tática da equipe.Para tanto, utilizou-se um instrumento de observação contrastado para a coleta de dados, os quais foram posteriormente tratados por meio da análise de coordenadas polares. Eles mostram que a linha do meio-campo, em referência às relações entre as linhas, apresenta uma desconexão entre a linha do meio-campo e a defesa e o goleiro, e está significativamente relacionada a si mesma, embora não com a mesma intensidade em todas elas. -relações de linha). (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Atletas , Futebol , Desempenho Atlético , Espanha , Comportamento
15.
Rev. Asoc. Esp. Neuropsiquiatr ; 43(144): 201-209, julio-diciembre 2023.
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-229016

RESUMO

A partir de la Teoría de los Sentimientos de Castilla del Pino, se intenta situar el papel de la afectividad en el modelo de sujeto. Se analiza su relación con la cultura y el lenguaje, discutiendo su ubicación comparada con algunas teorías de la afectividad planteadas posteriormente desde las neurociencias. (AU)


Based on his Theory of Feelings, an attempt is made to situate the role of affect in Castilla del Pino ́s subject model. Its relationship with culture and language is discus-sed, as well as its place in relation to some affective theories proposed subsequently from neurosciences. (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Emoções , Comportamento , Afeto , Conhecimento , Saúde Mental , Idioma , Cultura
16.
J. optom. (Internet) ; 16(3): 221-228, July - September 2023. graf, ilus
Artigo em Inglês | IBECS | ID: ibc-222231

RESUMO

Purpose The purpose of this research is to propose a new method for the easy, inexpensive and objective quantification of nystagmus using eye-tracking records collected during a simple reading task that could be implantable in clinical practice to assess patients with nystagmus. Methods This is a prospective, observational pilot study. Eye movements of 4 nystagmus patients and 9 healthy children during a reading task (a paragraph with 82 words) on a 15′’ monitor were collected and compared. Data are time series indicating the gaze position on the screen. Two quantifiers were proposed: IndS (based on the speed of movements) and IndF (based on the variation of the gaze trajectory). Results The indices proposed reflect differences in the behavior of eye movements between the two groups. Nystagmus patients present higher values of IndS - indicating smaller number of slow movements (16% of movements with speeds <0.33 1/s for nystagmus and 85% for the control group, with p = 0.01) - and higher values of IndF - indicating higher gaze fluctuation (p = 0.01). Differences were not related with reading speed as show the mean and standard deviation: the nystagmus group required 115±45 s to complete the task and the control group 151±85 s; p = 0.73. Conclusions The proposed indices provide a new method that allows an objective assessment of nystagmus, with potential use in clinical and research practice to improve the follow-up of patients by monitoring the nystagmus over time or treatment. (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Criança , Movimentos Oculares , Leitura , Comportamento/fisiologia , Nistagmo Patológico , Projetos Piloto , Acompanhamento Ocular Uniforme , Grupos Controle
17.
Rev. psicol. clín. niños adolesc ; 10(3): 1-7, Septiembre 2023. tab, graf
Artigo em Inglês | IBECS | ID: ibc-225798

RESUMO

Brief Intervention (BI) is a successful tool for reducing adolescent drinking, although little is known about how it works to change behavior. Components of the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) predict alcohol consumption in this population; thus, modifying them through BI could be beneficial. This study aimed to determine if BI for alcohol drinking among adolescents affects the TPB components’, considering readiness to change. Participants were 102 Argentinean high school students (age M = 15.08, SD = 1.38, 85% male). We compared two groups: 1) evaluation about alcohol consumption, TPB’s components and readiness to change 2) same evaluation plus a BI. After three months, the BI group showed a significant reduction in intention (β =-1.21; p<.05) and perceived social norms (β =-2.79; p<.01). However, readiness to change did not predict any changes in TPB’s components. This study contributes to understanding BI’s mechanisms of change and closing the evidence gap from Latin America. (AU)


La Intervencion Breve (IB) ha mostrado reducir el consumo de alcohol en adolescentes, aunque poco se sabe sobre como actúa cambiendo el comportamiento. Los componentes de la Teoría de la Conducta Planificada (TCP) predicen el consumo de alcohol en esta población, por lo tanto modificarlos mediante la IB podría ser beneficioso. El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar si la IB afecta a los componentes de la TCP considerando la disposición al cambio. Los participantes fueron 102 estudiantes argentinos (edad M = 15.08, EE = 1.38, 85% varones) de escuelas secundarias. Se compararon dos grupos que recibieron: 1) evaluación del consumo de alcohol, los componentes de la TCP y la disposición al cambio 2) la misma evaluación más una IB. Después de tres meses, la IB mostró reducciones significativas en la intención (β = -1.21; p <. 05) y la norma social percibida (β = -2.79; p <. 01). Sin embargo, la disposición al cambio no predijo modificaciones en los componente de la TCP. Este estudio contribuye a comprender los mecanismos del cambio de la IB y cerrar la brecha de evidencia para Latinoamérica.(AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Adolescente , Comportamento , Psicoterapia Breve , Alcoolismo , Transtorno da Conduta/psicologia , América Latina
18.
An. psicol ; 39(2): 167-175, May-Sep. 2023. tab
Artigo em Inglês | IBECS | ID: ibc-219756

RESUMO

El concepto de operación motivadora (OM) ayuda a suplir los problemas de la noción tradicional de motivación en el estudio del proceso terapéutico. En este trabajo, se analizó el rol de tres tipos de verbalizaciones del terapeuta con una función de OM y se comprobó su relación con el comportamiento verbal de los clientes. Para tal propósito, se observaron grabaciones de 40 sesiones de terapia pertenecientes a 9 casos diferentes. El Sistema ACOVEO fue el sistema de categorías empleado para identificar las categorías OM con información clínica, OM con consecuencias y OM con emparejamiento. El SISC-CVC fue aquel utilizado para identificar las verbalizaciones de las clientes codificadas como Acuerdo y Desacuerdo. Se llevaron a cabo análisis secuenciales para comprobar la relación entre las diferentes OMs entre ellas y con el acuerdo del cliente. Los resultados mostraron que las diferentes OMs fueron emitidas en bloque y que cuando la categoría OM con información clínica se emitía con OM con consecuencias o con OM con emparejamiento se encontraba una mayor asociación con la categoría de Acuerdo (r = 2.47; r = 1.86) que con la de Desacuerdo (r = -.53; r = -.36). Estos resultados destacan la importancia de la emisión de OMs que asocian de manera directa el comportamiento del cliente con eventos con un componente elicitador, ofreciendo estrategias más eficaces para los terapeutas.(AU)


The concept of motivating operation(MO) helps to overcome both theoretical and practical problems of the traditional notion of motivation in the study of the therapeutic process. In this research, the role of three types of therapists’ verbalizations with an MO functionwas analyzed, in addition to their association with clients’ verbal behavior. For this purpose, recordings of 40 clinical sessions belonging to 9 different cases were ob-served. The ACOVEO System was the observational category system used to identify the therapists’ verbal MOs coded as MO with clinical information, MO with consequences, andMO with pairings. The SISC-CVC was the one used to identify clients’ verbalizations coded as Agreementand Disagreement. Se-quential analyses were performed to test the relation between the three dif-ferent types of MOs with themselves, as well as with clients’ concurrence. Results showed that the different MOs were emitted in chunks and when MO with clinical information was uttered either with MO with consequences or MO with pairingsthere was a greater association with Agreement(r = 2.47; r = 1.86) rather than with Disagreement (r = -.53;r = -.36). These findings high-light the importance of the emission of MOs that associate directly events with an eliciting component with clients’ behavior, giving more efficacious strategies to the therapists.(AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Motivação , Terapêutica , Condutas Terapêuticas , Comportamento
19.
An. psicol ; 39(2): 231-238, May-Sep. 2023. tab, graf
Artigo em Inglês | IBECS | ID: ibc-219762

RESUMO

La presente investigación se centra en la percepción de ser agresor en niños de primaria que acosan, y su relación con el sexo, la etapa educativa y el tipo de conducta agresiva. Nuestro objetivo fue comprender mejor la relación entre las conductas agresivas y la percepción de ser agresor. Se hipotetizó que los comportamientos agresivos estarían relacionados con la percepción de ser agresor. Un total de 4646 estudiantes de 7 a 12 años participaron en este estudio correlacional. Se administró el cuestionario EBIPQ para evaluar la agresividad, mientras que la percepción de ser agresor se evaluó con una pregunta directa. Un 14.9 % de los participantes se consideraron acosadores, y un 4.4 % acosadores frecuentes, según sus respuestas en el EBIPQ. Un 21.4 % de los acosadores y un 32 % de los acosadores frecuentes admitieron haber acosado. La percepción de ser agresor fue independiente del sexo y la etapa educativa. Por otra parte, algunas conductas agresivas se asociaron más que otras a la percepción de ser agresor. Los resultados sugieren una dificultad para considerarse acosador, especialmente en ciertas conductas agresivas. Finamente, se discute la necesidad de profundizar en los factores que influyen en la percepción de ser acosador.(AU)


The present research focuses on the self-admission of being a bully in primary school children who bully, and studies it in relation to sex, educational stage and type of bullying behavior. Our objective was to un-derstand better the relationship between aggressive behaviors and bullying self-admission. We hypothesized aggressive behaviors would be related to bullying self-admission. A total of 4646 primary school students aged from 7 to 12 years participated in this correlational study. The EBIPQ question-naire was administered to evaluate children’s aggressive behaviors, whereas bullying self-admission was evaluated through a direct question. From the total of participants, 14.9 % were considered bullies, and 4.4 % frequent bullies, according to their responses to the EBIPQ. Among bullies, 21.4 % admitted having bullied others, and this percentage increased to 32 % for frequent bullies. Self-admission of being a bully was independent of sex and educational stage. On the other hand, some aggressive behaviors were more associated than others to self-admission ofbeing a bully. Results suggest reluctance in children to consider themselves as bullies, especially in some types of aggressive behaviors. Finally, we discuss the need to study further the factors influencing the self-admission of being a bully.(AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Criança , Bullying , Ensino Fundamental e Médio , Comportamento , Agressão , Inquéritos e Questionários
20.
Pap. psicol ; 44(2): 64-70, May-Agos. 2023.
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-221491

RESUMO

En este trabajo se intenta analizar críticamente el libro de Antonio Guillamón Fernández Identidad de género. Una aproximación psicobiológica (2021). Para ello se contextualiza su publicación dentro de la oleada “cerebrocentrista” contemporánea y se discute el marco teórico que subyace a la presentación del material empírico que se realiza en sus capítulos. Se sugiere, desde un punto de vista constructivista, que el libro asume una ontología monista y un enfoque reduccionista que lastran la interpretación de dicho material empírico, el cual podría interpretarse mejor incluyendo procesos psicosociales de identificación que, a su vez, dependen de fenómenos históricos y culturales concretos.(AU)


The aim of this paper is to critically analyze Antonio Guillamón Fernández’s book Gender identity. A psychobiological approach (2021). In order to do so, the book is contextualized within the current “brain-centric” deluge, and I also discuss the theoretical framework underlying the presentation of empirical material. From a constructivist point of view, I suggest that Guillamón assumes a monistic ontology and a reductionist approach that block the interpretation of this empirical material, which could be better understood by including psychosocial identification processes that, in turn, depend on specific historical and cultural phenomena.(AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Biologia , Identidade de Gênero , Comportamento , Comportamento Sexual , Minorias Sexuais e de Gênero , Endofenótipos , Psicologia , Psicologia Clínica , Psicologia Social
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