Acomodación familiar: una revisión sistemática / Family Accommodation: A systematic review

Family Accommodation is a very common phenomenon in families where a member has been diagnosed with Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD). The objective of this literature review through the systematic search method was to know the state of the art of the Family Accommodation process in families of adolescents diagnosed with OCD, highlighting the growing literature that addresses the importance of addressing family factors associated with OCD, mainly Family Accommodation, and its implications in prognosis, treatment and quality in family dynamics, making clear the lack of Mexican research that addresses the phenomenon. We found 79 studies that met the inclusion and exclusion criteria, of which 32 identified that accommodation was related to other individual and family variables, 13 analyzed it as a predictor of treatment success or failure, 17 of them focused on evaluating family-focused treatments, 7 analyzed the effects of combined treatments, 3 studies found that accommodation was present in other disorders besides OCD, 2 emphasized the importance of studying the construct in non-Western cultures and 2 more were qualitative. Three studies were identified in unpublished literature and were conducted in Mexican population. This review demonstrated that the literature has shown the importance of including family accommodation in the treatment of pediatric OCD, but there is very little research in Latino and non-Western populations. (AU)

The Effect of Establishing Symbolic Coordination Relations on the Emission of Helping Responses

This study aimed to investigate how the presentation of a request for help influences the likelihood of people being willing to help. The study was conducted with two groups of participants, one experimental and one control, who were asked to report their recent problems and then were presented with a request for help. The experimental group was presented with additional statements that established a relationship of coordination between the current problem and the participants' own problems that they had just reported. The control group was only presented with a simple request for help. The results showed that the experimental group was more likely to respond to the request for help, with seven out of eight participants contacting the second experimenter and five of them actively participating in the research. In contrast, in the control group, only half of the participants made contact and three of them agreed to participate. The authors hypothesized that by comparing both situations when requesting help, the experimenter facilitated the establishment of symbolic relations of coordination between such situations, which apparently increased the probability that the request for help would evoke responses. The results suggest that the use of this strategy - comparing the experiences lived by the client with those experienced by others - can be expanded in psychotherapy and other contexts aimed at developing empathy and sensitivity towards others. However, the results need to be considered with caution due to methodological limitations. (AU)

Teoría de la mente en trastornos del neurodesarrollo: más allá del trastorno del espectro autista / Theory of mind in neurodevelopmental disorders: Beyond autistic spectrum disorder

Introducción La teoría de la mente (ToM) es la capacidad humana de percibir, interpretar y atribuir los estados mentales de las otras personas y la alteración de esta función cognitiva es un síntoma nuclear del trastorno del espectro autista (TEA). Hay otros trastornos del neurodesarrollo como el trastorno obsesivo-compulsivo de inicio en la infancia (TOC) y el síndrome de Tourette (ST), que pueden presentarse con disfunciones cognitivas, y en los que la ToM ha sido menos estudiada, especialmente en población juvenil. El objetivo de este estudio fue comparar la ToM avanzada entre grupos de jóvenes con diagnóstico de TOC, ST o TEA y un grupo de controles sanos. Métodos Se entrevistaron clínicamente a varones de entre 11 y 17 años con diagnóstico principal de TOC (n = 19), ST (n = 14), TEA (n = 18), y un grupo control de sujetos sanos (n = 20). Se les administró instrumentos de estimación de cociente intelectual, severidad de los síntomas psiquiátricos y las pruebas para evaluar la ToM: la tarea Historias de la vida cotidiana y el Test de la mirada. Resultados Los jóvenes con ST presentan dificultades similares para resolver tareas de ToM avanzada al nivel de los pacientes con TEA, a diferencia de los pacientes con TOC de inicio en la infancia que presentan resultados similares a los controles sanos. Conclusiones La ToM está alterada en otros trastornos del neurodesarrollo más allá del TEA, como en el ST. (AU)

Introduction Theory of mind (ToM) is the human ability to perceive, interpret, and attribute the mental states of other people, and the alteration of this cognitive function is a core symptom of autistic spectrum disorder (ASD). In such other neurodevelopmental disorders as childhood-onset obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and Tourette syndrome (TS) that can present with cognitive dysfunctions, ToM has been less extensively studied, especially in the young population. The aim of the study was to compare advanced ToM between groups of young people diagnosed with OCD, TS, or ASD and a control group. Methods Clinical interviews were conducted with male patients aged between 11 and 17 years with a main diagnosis of OCD (n = 19), TS (n = 14), or ASD (n = 18), and a control group (n = 20). We administered instruments for estimating intelligence quotient and severity of psychiatric symptoms, and tasks to evaluate ToM (the “Stories from everyday life” task and the “Reading the mind in the eyes” test). Results Young people with TS and with ASD present similar difficulties in solving advanced ToM tasks, whereas patients with childhood-onset OCD present similar results to controls. Conclusions ToM is altered in other neurodevelopmental disorders beyond ASD, such as TS. (AU)

Coprolalia y copropraxia inducida por bupropión en un paciente autista y con trastorno obsesivo compulsivo / Bupropion-induced coprolalia and copropraxia in autistic and obsessive compulsive disorder patient

Se presenta el caso de un varón de 41 años, ingresado desde los 26 en la unidad residencial y rehabilitadora con los diagnósticos de trastorno del espectro autista y trastorno obsesivo compulsivo, en tratamiento con fluvoxamina, valproico, topiramato, risperidona y clonazepam. Tras un periodo de estabilidad, aparece un cuadro compatible con un episodio depresivo mayor, que se decide tratar con bupropión, para incidir en los síntomas de apatía y lentitud psicomotriz. Se produce una recuperación rápida en 2 semanas, pero comienza a presentar copropraxia y coprolalia, que nunca antes había presentado. Se retira el bupropión y desaparece la coprolalia en 2 semanas, pero mantiene parte de estas conductas, por lo se pauta acetato de ciproterona para controlarlas, con mejoría en una semana. Tres meses después de la retirada del bupropión, alcanzó la eutimia y ya no presentó ninguna alteración conductual de temática sexual, coprolalia ni copropraxia. La literatura confirma otros casos de aparición de tics en pacientes tratados con antidepresivos para un cuadro depresivo y comorbilidad con trastorno obsesivo compulsivo, pero casi ninguno por el uso de bupropión o con coprolalia y copropraxia. (AU)

The case is presented of a 41-year-old male, admitted since age 26 to the Residential and Rehabilitation Unit with the diagnoses of autism spectrum disorder and obsessive-compulsive disorder, and under treatment with fluvoxamine, valproic, topiramate, risperidone and clonazepam. After a period of stability, a picture compatible with a major depressive episode appear, which is treated with bupropion, in order to affect the symptoms of apathy and psychomotor slowness. There is a rapid recovery in two weeks, but he begins to present copropraxia and coprolalia, which he had never presented before. Bupropion is withdrawn and coprolalia disappears in two weeks, but he maintained some of these behaviors, so cyproterone acetate is prescribed to control them, with improvement in one week. Three months after withdrawal of bupropion, he reaches euthymia and no longer presented any sexual behavioral alteration, coprolalia or copropraxia. The literature confirms other cases of appearance of tics in patients treated with antidepressants for a depressive picture and comorbidity with obsessive-compulsive disorder, but almost none by the use of bupropion or with coprolalia and copropraxia. (AU)

Exploring the clinical features of postpartum obsessive-compulsive disorder- a systematic review

Background and objectives The postpartum period appears to be a vulnerable period for the development of obsessive-compulsive disorder in parents; yet it is often overlooked. This work aims to synthesize clinical data available on Postpartum Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (PP-OCD) and to highlight its psychopathological significance and implications in clinical practice using a systematic approach. Methods We conducted a systematic research according to PRISMA guidelines in three databases – MEDLINE, Scopus and Web of Science. The references obtained were then screened and scanned for eligibility by two investigators. Risk of bias was assessed for each study with NIH tools. Results The found prevalence of postpartum OCD ranged from 2.43 %-9 % among women and 1,7 % among men. Other epidemiological and clinical data were reviewed including particular symptomatology, characterized by a swift onset of primarily aggressive and contamination obsessions, as well as situational avoidance. Conclusion It is a clinical entity frequently underdiagnosed, which perinatal health practitioners should be familiar with, as it can interfere with parent-infant bonding if left untreated. Mothers with an history of depression, anxiety, insomnia, obsessive compulsive, and avoidant personality disorder or presenting inappropriate interpretation of infant related intrusive thoughts are particularly at risk of developing OCD in the postpartum period. These mothers should be informed about the nature of their infant centered obsessions and could be a target of prevention programs. (AU)

Personalized Athlete Mental Health Care Recommendations And Examination Strategies

In recent years, the athlete mental health problems have become more and more prominent. Compared with high school, college athlete students are in a more complex environment and face more diversified difficulties, such as the constant emergence of problems in academics, interpersonal interactions, emotional life, employment, etc., which make college athletes overwhelmed, and the accumulation of pressures from many sides leads to a variety of psychological problems. Therefore, it is important to pay attention to the individual athlete mental health problems, and to detect and guide the development of athletes' mental health in time, which is crucial for the management of athlete students in colleges and universities. The purpose of this paper is to use data mining principles and methods to explore the factors leading to psychological problems of college athletes, so as to carry out psychological intervention purposefully. In this paper, we use data mining technology to set up a questionnaire with 90 questions reflecting mental health, and take SCL-90 Symptom Self-assessment Scale as the measurement standard to collect data, establish a data set, analyse the data using improved Apriori algorithm, and establish a decision model of obsessive-compulsive symptoms using decision tree ID3 algorithm, which provides a theoretical basis for the evaluation of the athletes mental health status of college athletes and decision-making of health checkups. It provides a theoretical basis for the evaluation of the mentalhealth status of athletes and the decision-making of health examination. (AU)

Comparison of Disease Severity, Anxiety and Depression in Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder Patients with Different Insight

Background: Significant individual differences exist in the insight of patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), and the clinical characteristics of OCD patients with varying levels of insight are not entirely uniform. This study aims to investigate disparities in disease severity, anxiety, and depression status among OCD patients with differing levels of insight, with the goal of generating novel treatment strategies for OCD.Methods: A total of 114 patients diagnosed with OCD were recruited from the Department of Psychology at Affiliated Mental Health Center & Hangzhou Seventh People’s Hospital to participate in this research. Based on their Total Insight and Treatment Attitude Questionnaire (ITAQ) scores, the patients were divided into two groups: Group OCD with high insight (referred to as Group OCD-HI, ITAQ score ≥20 points, n = 80) and Group OCD with low insight (referred to as Group OCD-LI, ITAQ score <20 points, n = 34). Subsequently, the Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale (Y-BOCS), Hamilton Anxiety Scale (HAMA), and Hamilton Depression Scale (HAMD) scores were compared between the two groups. All questionnaires for this study were completed by experienced psychiatrists. Results: The Y-BOCS scores for YB1, YB2, YB4, YB5, YB6, YB9, and the total Y-BOCS scores in Group OCD-HI were significantly higher than those in Group OCD-LI (p < 0.05). Conversely, Group OCD-HI exhibited significantly lower HAMA and HAMD scores compared to Group OCD-LI (p < 0.05). Furthermore, the total ITAQ score displayed a significant negative correlation with the total Y-BOCS, HAMA, and HAMD scores (p < 0.05). Conclusions: This study revealed that certain OCD patients exhibit incomplete insight, and this lack of insight is strongly associated with increased disease severity and heightened levels of anxiety and depression. ... (AU)

Psychotic-like experiences in obsessive compulsive disorder

Background and objectives The study aims to compare individuals diagnosed with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and healthy individuals in terms of psychosis-like experiences (PLEs) and investigate the relationship between PLEs and OCD severity. Methods Sociodemographic information form, Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale (Y-BOCS), the positive dimension of Community Assessment of Psychic Experiences (CAPE-P), Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAM-D), and Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HAM-A) were applied to 83 OCD patients and 83 healthy individuals. The 11th item of Y-BOCS (Y-BOCS-11) was used to evaluate the level of insight. The OCD group was compared with the healthy control group in terms of sociodemographic information and CAPE-P score. In the OCD group, mediation analyses were performed to evaluate the factors affecting the relationship between OCD severity and PLEs. Results The OCD group had higher CAPE-P scores than the healthy control group. CAPE-P scores were weakly correlated with Y-BOCS-11 and Y-BOCS total scores. It was found that the relationship between OCD severity and PLEs was mediated by poor insight; however, the scores of depression and anxiety did not. Conclusion The results show that the level of insight is a determinative factor for PLEs in OCD. The fact that PLEs are common in the OCD group and healthy individuals support the concept of the psychosis continuum. We emphasize that being aware of PLEs in OCD can provide new understandings of the phenomenon of OCD and psychosis. (AU)

Evidence-based umbrella review of non-invasive brain stimulation in anxiety disorders

Background and objectives Although several meta-analyses have suggested the efficacy of non-invasive brain stimulation (NIBS) mainly in prefrontal brain areas to treat mental disorders, no synthetic approach has been performed for other psychiatric disorders rather than depression. The objective is to assess the available evidence of NIBS in the treatment of anxiety disorders. Methods An umbrella review (CRD42021239577) was performed only looking for reviews with meta-analyses of randomized clinical trials using a source strategy MeSH keywords in MEDLINE through Pubmed by two independent researchers. The effects of different methods of NIBS in anxiety disorders were assessed using the PICO strategy. The methodological quality was evaluated using AMSTAR-2 and certainty of evidence using the GRADE-pro framework. Results From 136 screening meta-analyses, 16 from 14 studies were included in the final analysis. Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD) and Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD) respond best to low frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS), while Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) has the largest effect size at high frequency rTMS. Panic Disorder (PD) has no evidence for clinical use of NIBS. There were not identified meta-analyses about other anxiety disorders. In general, the included studies had good methodological quality, but low to moderate evidence for clinical recommendation. Conclusion Available evidence reveals NIBS as an effective and safe approach to treat GAD, PTSD and OCD with low recommendation level to clinical application. A great heterogeneity of studies indicates the necessity to develop new randomized clinical trials applying NIBS to treat those and other mental disorders. (AU)

Enlentecimiento Obsesivo: Caso clínico y revisión bibliográfica / Obsessional slowness: a clinical case and bibliographic review

Introducción: El Enlentecimiento Obsesivo (EO) es un síndrome caracterizado por un enlentecimiento en la ejecución motora. Se caracteriza por un enlentecimiento conductual, una extrema me-ticulosidad, ausencia de ansiedad prodrómica o disconfort antes, durante o después del comportamiento, con relativa resistencia al mismo, siendo altamente incapacitante.Objetivos: Realizar una revisión bibliográfica del fenómeno del EO en la literatura reciente y mostrar un caso paradigmático aten-dido en nuestro Equipo.Métodos: Se ha realizado un método mixto. Por un lado, de descripción de un paciente diagnosticado de EO y por otro, de re-visión no sistemática mediante la base de datos Pubmed usando la palabra clave: “obsessional slowness”. Se excluyeron los estu-dios de validación de escalas del EO y aquellos estudios en que el EO aparece en otras patologías de manera comórbida como en el síndrome de Tourette, síndrome de Down o enlentecimiento aso-ciado a la depresión. Para la preservación de la confidencialidad y anonimato del paciente, se han modificado aspectos en relación a sus antecedentes biográficos.Resultados: El enlentecimiento obsesivo es una condición nor-malmente secundaria a un Trastorno Obsesivo Compulsivo. Tiene una escasa prevalencia, pero manifiesta casi siempre gravedad y tendencia deterioro. Va asociada a diversas comorbilidades psi-quiátricas (por ejemplo, Trastornos del Espectro Autista y/o Sín-drome de Tourette). Afecta fundamentalmente a hombres y tiene especificidades propias, como la falta de malestar prodrómico, la falta de resistencia subjetiva a la clínica y la presencia de clínica encubierta en ocasiones por las manifestaciones conductuales del enlentecimiento. Discusión Y Conclusiones: El tratamiento ha de ser multitécnico (en la parte más psicológica) y multidisciplinar. En todo caso, se ha de destacar que aún nos falta muchos conocimientos y actualización de los datos disponibles actualmente.(AU)

Introduction: Obsessive Slowness (OS) is a syndrome cha-racterized by a slowing in motor execution. It is characterized by behavioral slowing, extreme meticulousness, absence of prodromal anxiety or discomfort before, during or after the behavior, with rela-tive resistance to it, being highly incapacitating.Objectives: To carry out a bibliographic review of the OS phe-nomenon in the recent literature and to show a paradigmatic case treated in our Team.Methods: A mixed method has been carried out. On the one hand, a description of a patient diagnosed with OE and on the other, a non-systematic review using the Pubmed database using the keyword: “obsessional slowness”. Validation studies of OS scales and those studies in which OS appears in other comorbid patho-logies such as Tourette’s syndrome, Down’s syndrome or depres-sion-associated slowing were excluded. For the preservation of the confidentiality and anonymity of the patient, aspects in relation to his biographical background have been modified.Results: Obsessive slowing is a condition usually secondary to Obsessive Compulsive Disorder. It has a low prevalence, but al-most always manifests severity and a tendency to deterioration. It is associated with various psychiatric comorbidities (for example, Autism Spectrum Disorders and/or Tourette’s Syndrome). It fun-damentally affects men and has its own specificities, such as the lack of prodromal discomfort, the lack of subjective resistance to symptoms, and the presence of symptoms sometimes hidden by the behavioral manifestations of slowness.discussion and conclusion: The treatment must be multi-tech-nical as psychological therapies and multidisciplinary. In any case, it should be noted that we still lack much knowledge and updating of currently available data.(AU)

Impacto de la COVID-19 en el estrés, la ansiedad y la depresión en personas con Trastorno Obsesivo Compulsivo: una revisión sistemática / mpact of COVID-19 on stress, anxiety and depression in people with Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder: a systematic review

Fundamentos: La salud mental de la población se ha visto comprometida ante una situación de pandemia mundial, especialmente en pacientes con Trastorno Obsesivo Compulsivo (TOC). El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar los niveles de estrés, ansiedady depresión en pacientes con TOC durante la pandemia de la COVID-19. Métodos: Se realizó una revisión sistemática siguiendo el formato PRISMA en las bases de datos electrónicasPubmed, Scopus,Web of Science, Dialnet yMedline entre los meses de enero y mayo de 2023. A partir de las herramientas de evaluación crítica paraestudios del Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) se evaluó la calidad metodológica. Resultados: Un total de doce estudios fueron incluidos en esta revisión. La salud mental de la población se vio comprometidaante la pandemia de la COVID-19, siendo especialmente afectados los pacientes con TOC. Aunque existió una amplia variabilidad deresultados, se observó que el nivel de estrés y ansiedad aumentó durante la pandemia. Conclusiones: La salud mental de los pacientes con TOC, especialmente los que tienen TOC de limpieza, se ve comprometidaen tiempos de pandemia, presentando niveles medios-altos de estrés, ansiedad y depresión.(AU)

Bacground: The population’s mental health has been compromised by a global pandemic, especially in patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder. The objective of this study was to evaluate the levels of stress, anxiety and depression in patients withobsessive-compulsive disorder during COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: A systematic review was carried out following the PRISMA format in the electronic databases Pubmed, Scopus, Web ofScience, Dialnet and Medline between the months of January and May 2023. Method quality was assessed based on the critical evaluationtools for studies of the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI). Results: A total of twelve studies were included in this review. The mental health of the population has been compromised by theCOVID-19 pandemic, with patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder being especially affected. Although there was a wide variabilityof results, it was observed that the level of stress and anxiety increased during the pandemic. Conclusions: The mental health of patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder, especiallywashing machine patients, is com-promised in times of pandemic, presenting medium-high levels of stress, anxiety and depression.(AU)

La Influencia de la Evitación Experiencial y la Fusión Cognitiva en Personas con Diagnóstico de Trastorno de Pánico y Agorafobia y TOC / The Influence of Experiential Avoidance and Cognitive Fusion in People Diagnosed with Panic Disorder and Agoraphobia and OCD

La terapia de aceptación y compromiso (ACT) pone de manifiesto la importancia de la evitación experiencial y la fusión cognitiva en un amplio espectro de problemas psicológicos. El propósito de este estudio es conocer cómo influyen la gravedad del trastorno de pánico y agorafobia (TPA) y la gravedad del trastorno obsesivo-compulsivo (TOC) en los niveles de evitación experiencial y fusión cognitiva. Se pretende examinar, además, si existen diferencias entre ambos grupos diagnósticos. La muestra estaba constituida por 67 personas diagnosticadas de TPA y TOC. Se utilizaron los siguientes instrumentos de evaluación: Acceptance and Action Questionnaire (AAQ), Cognitive Fusion Questionnaire (CFQ), Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale (Y-BOCS) y Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI). Los resultados mostraron que los pacientes con TPA presentan mayores niveles de fusión cognitiva frente a los pacientes con TOC, que elevados niveles de ansiedad se asocian a mayor grado de evitación experiencial y que una mayor gravedad del TOC correlacionaba con elevados niveles de evitación experiencial y fusión cognitiva. Se propone una intervención temprana en pacientes con TOC para prevenir la cronicidad del trastorno y se recalca la importancia de los aspectos de aceptación en el trascurso de la terapia de estos pacientes (AU)

Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) highlights the importance of experiential avoidance and cognitive fusion in a wide spectrum of psychological problems. The purpose of this study is to know how the severity of panic disorder and agoraphobia (APT) and the severity of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) influence levels of experiential avoidance and cognitive fusion. It is also intended to examine whether there are differences between the two diagnostic groups. The sample consisted of 67 people diagnosed with APT and OCD. The following assessment instruments were used: Acceptance and Action Questionnaire (AAQ), Cognitive Fusion Questionnaire (CFQ), Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale (Y-BOCS) and Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI). The results showed that patients with APT present higher levels of cognitive fusion compared to patients with OCD, that high levels of anxiety are associated with a higher degree of experiential avoidance, and that greater severity of OCD correlated with high levels of experiential avoidance and fusion cognitive. Early intervention in OCD patients is proposed to prevent the chronicity of the disorder and the importance of the acceptance aspects is emphasized in the course of therapy of these patients (AU)

The influence of sports regulation in English teaching on students' psychological state / La influencia de la regulación deportiva en la enseñanza del inglés en el estado psicológico de los estudiantes

This study aims to investigate the effect of sports regulation on the psychological state of English students. The author administered the experimental method and SCL-90 symptom assessment to 461 students in a regional normal school. By gathering data from students at various stages of the experiment, psychological trends and emotional shifts were identified promptly to improve experimental outcomes. The questionnaire data and test results were processed and analyzed using SPSS and other statistical software. The study results indicate that the sports intervention is viable and effective in boosting pupils' mental health. To effectively protect students' physical and mental health development, colleges and universities should strengthen the publicity and construction work in this area, let students realize the true significance of sports, and encourage students to engage in sports and form healthy sports habits actively. In addition, it provides techniques and recommendations for enhancing mental health education to enhance the mental health of students at this school effectively.(AU)

Sleep predicts the response to rTMS and CBT in patients with OCD: an open label effectiveness study

Background: Although many OCD patients benefit from repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) as treatment, there is still a large group failing to achieve satisfactory response. Sleep problems have been considered transdiagnostic risk factors for psychiatric disorders, and prior work has shown comorbid sleep problems in OCD to be associated with non-response to rTMS in OCD. We therefore set out to investigate the utility of sleep problems in predicting response to rTMS in treatment resistant OCD. Method: A sample of 61 patients (treated with 1-Hz SMA or sequential 1-Hz SMA+DLPFC rTMS, combined with cognitive behavioral therapy) were included. Sleep disturbances were measured using the PSQI, HSDQ and actigraphy. Treatment response was defined as a decrease of at least 35% in symptom severity as measured with the Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale (Y-BOCS). Results: 32 of 61 patients (52.5%) responded to rTMS, and trajectories of response were similar for both rTMS protocols. Three PSQI items (Subjective Sleep Quality; Sleep Latency and Daytime Dysfunction) and the HSDQ-insomnia scale were found to predict TMS response. A discriminant model yielded a significant model, with an area under the curve of 0.813. Conclusion: Future replication of these predictors could aid in a more personalized treatment for OCD. (AU)

Heavy Study Investment in Pre-adolescence and Adolescence: Psychometric Properties of the Studyholism Inventory (SI-10) / La fuerte inversión en el estudio en la preadolescencia y la adolescencia: propiedades psicométricas del Inventario de Obsesión con el Estudio (SI-10)

The Studyholism Inventory (SI-10) allows evaluating two types of Heavy Study Investment (Studyholism – or obsession toward study – and Study Engagement), and four kinds of student (engaged studyholics, disengaged studyholics, engaged students, detached students). We analyzed its psychometric properties in Italian pre-adolescents (n = 451) and adolescents (n = 446) and proposed its cut-off scores. Moreover, we investigated some demographic and study-related differences in studyholism and study engagement. The results supported the use of the SI-10 in pre-adolescents and adolescents. The fit indices are similar in the two samples (for adolescents, GFI = .98, RMSEA = .059). Moreover, we found a high prevalence of studyholism, especially in pre-adolescence (18.6%), and a decrease in study engagement in both genders from pre-adolescence to adolescence. In conclusion, the SI-10 might be used from pre-adolescence for research, preventive, and clinical purposes. Also, demographic-related results supported the definition of studyholism as an obsessive-compulsive related disorder.(AU)

El Inventario de Obsesión con el Estudio (SI-10) permite evaluar dos tipos de fuerte inversión en el estudio (obsesión con el estudio e implicación en el estudio), y cuatro tipos de estudiantes (obsesionados con el estudio implicados, obsesionados con el estudio desconectados, estudiantes implicados, estudiantes desinteresados). Analizamos sus propiedades psicométricas en preadolescentes italianos (n = 451) y adolescentes (n = 446) y propusimos sus puntuaciones de corte. Además, investigamos algunas diferencias demográficas relacionadas con el estudio en la obsesión y la implicación con el estudio. Los resultados avalan el uso del SI-10 en preadolescentes y adolescentes. Los índices de ajuste son similares en las dos muestras (para adolescentes, GFI = .98; RMSEA = .059). Asimismo, encontramos una gran prevalencia de la obsesión con el estudio, especialmente en la preadolescencia (18.6%) y una disminución en la implicación con el estudio en ambos sexos desde la preadolescencia hasta la adolescencia. En conclusión, el SI-10 podría usarse desde la preadolescencia con fines de investigación, preventivos y clínicos. Además, los resultados relacionados con la demografía confirman la definición de obsesión con el estudio como un trastorno relacionado con la obsesión-compulsión.(AU)

Noticia singular. Psicofobia: la lucha contra el estigma de los problemas de salud mental / Singular news. Psychophobia: fighting the stigma of mental health problems

Una de cada cuatro personas tendrá un trastorno mental a lo largo de su vida. Es una afirmación de la Confederación de Salud Mental de España que, además, según los datos mundiales estudiados, anuncia que 450 millones de personas en todo el mundo se ven afectadas por un problema de salud mental que dificulta gravemente su vida, de los cuales entre el 35% y el 50% no recibe ningún tratamiento o no es el adecuado.(AU)

A Meta-analytic Study on Executive Function Performancein Children/Adolescents with OCD / Un Estudio Meta-analítico sobre el Rendimiento en Funciones Ejecutivas en Niños/Adolescentes con TOC

Introducción: El objetivo general de este estudio fue llevar a cabo un estudio meta-analítico con el fin de examinar el rendimiento de las funciones ejecutivas en niños/adolescentes con trastorno obsesivo-compulsivo (TOC). Método: Se llevó a cabo una búsqueda exhaustiva de la literatura desde 1984 hasta septiembre de 2021, seleccionando un total de 20 estudios publicados que comparaban los resultados en funciones ejecutivas entre un grupo de niños y/o adolescentes con TOC y un grupo de control sano. Resultados: Los resultados mostraron que la puntuación total en la escala de calidad de los estudios osciló entre los 3 y los 8.5 puntos (en una escala de 0 a 9), con una media de 6.6. Los tamaños del efecto en las distintas funciones ejecutivas fueron: Inhibición (d+= -0.221), Flexibilidad cognitiva (d+= -0.418), toma de decisiones (d+= -0.169) y planificación (d+= -0.319), indicando un menor rendimiento en los grupos con TOC frente a los grupos de control sano. Los resultados fueron clínicamente significativos en todos los dominios excepto en Toma de decisiones. El sesgo de publicación sólo se pudo llevar a cabo en flexibilidad e inhibición de respuesta. Conclusiones: Los pacientes con TOC presentaron peor rendimiento ejecutivo que los controles sanos en todas las funciones ejecutivas, destacando flexibilidad cognitiva y planificación. No obstante, los resultados deben interpretarse con cautela debido al pequeño tamaño muestral.(AU)

Background:The main objective of this work was to carry out a meta-analytical study to examine performance in executive functions in children/adolescents with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). Method:A comprehensive literature search from 1984 to September 2021 was conducted, selecting a total of 20 published studies comparing executive function outcomes among a group of children and/or adolescents with OCD and a healthy control group. Results:Results showed that the total score on the quality scale of studies ranged between 3 and 8.5 points (on a scale of 0 to 9), with a mean of 6.6. The effect sizes in the different executive functions were as follows: Inhibition (d+= -0.221), Cognitive flexibility (d+= -0.418), Decision making (d+= -0.169) and Planning (d+=-0.319), indicating a lower performance in the OCD groups compared to the healthy control groups. Results were clinically significant in all domains except decision making. Publication bias could only be carried out in flexibility and response inhibition.Conclusions: OCD patients presented worse executive performance than healthy controls in all functions, highlighting cognitive flexibility and planning. However, results should be interpreted with caution due to the small sample size.(AU)

Obsesiones existenciales: Un caso de tratorno obsesivo compulsivo posparto / Existential obsessions: A case of postpartum obsessive compulsive-compulsive disorder

Las obsesiones existenciales (OE) son un tipo poco comúnde pensamiento obsesivo, también descrito como obsesionesfilosóficas o reflexivas. En el Trastorno Obsesivo-Compulsivo(TOC) con inicio en el posparto, el cuadro clínico frecuentementepresenta pensamientos intrusivos sobre el daño infantil ycompulsiones de verificación. Presentamos un caso inusualde una paciente con TOC de inicio posparto, que presentabaOE. El caso destaca la importancia de explorar activamente lasintomatología, para un diagnóstico diferencial acertado. Enparticular, en el posparto, un diagnóstico psiquiátrico correctotiene importantes implicaciones terapéuticas y pronósticas. (AU)

Existential obsessions (EO) are an uncommon type of obsessivethought, also described as philosophical or ruminative obsessions.In Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD) with postpartum onset,the clinical picture frequently counts with intrusive thoughtsabout infant harm and compulsions of verification. We reportan unusual case of a patient with postpartum onset OCD,who presented with EO. The case highlights the importanceof actively exploring the symptomatology, for an accuratedifferential diagnosis. In particular, in the postpartum period,a correct psychiatric diagnosis has significant therapeutic andprognostic implications. (AU)

Obsessive beliefs and uncertainty in obsessive compulsive and related patients

Background/objective: The aim of the present study was to examine obsessive beliefs and intolerance of uncertainty differences among patients Obsessive compulsive disoreder (OCD), trichotillomania, excoriation, generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) and a control group healthy.Method: 130 participants between the ages of 17 and 62 years (Mean = 29.56, SD = 11.81) diagnosed with OCD (n = 36), trichotillomania (n = 18), excoriation (n = 17), GAD (n = 31) and a healthy control group (n = 28) were evaluated by Obsessive Beliefs Spanish Inventory-Revised and Intolerance of Uncertainty Scale.Results: The trichotillomania group presented one of the highest obsessive beliefs highlighting over-importance of thoughts, thought action fusion-moral, importance of controlling one's thoughts. The OCD group also had higher scores in inflated responsibility and thought action fusion-likelihood. The GAD group excelled in inhibitory and prospective uncertainty. The level of depression influenced obsessive beliefs while anxiety affected inhibitory and prospective uncertainty.Conclusions: Cognitive variables such as obsessive beliefs and Intolerance of Uncertainty should be considered in the prevention and intervention of obsessive and anxiety disorders. (AU)